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Varma Nallaparaju J, Nikonovich T, Jarg T, Merzhyievskyi D, Aav R, Kananovich DG. Mechanochemistry-Amended Barbier Reaction as an Expedient Alternative to Grignard Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305775. [PMID: 37387203 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Organomagnesium halides (Grignard reagents) are essential carbanionic building blocks widely used in carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions with various electrophiles. In the Barbier variant of the Grignard synthesis, the generation of air- and moisture-sensitive Grignard reagents occurs concurrently with their reaction with an electrophile. Although operationally simpler, the classic Barbier approach suffers from low yields due to multiple side reactions, thereby limiting the scope of its application. Here, we report a mechanochemical adaptation of the Mg-mediated Barbier reaction, which overcomes these limitations and facilitates the coupling of versatile organic halides (e.g., allylic, vinylic, aromatic, aliphatic) with a diverse range of electrophilic substrates (e.g., aromatic aldehydes, ketones, esters, amides, O-benzoyl hydroxylamine, chlorosilane, borate ester) to assemble C-C, C-N, C-Si, and C-B bonds. The mechanochemical approach has the advantage of being essentially solvent-free, operationally simple, immune to air, and surprisingly tolerant to water and some weak Brønsted acids. Notably, solid ammonium chloride was found to improve yields in the reactions of ketones. Mechanistic studies have clarified the role of mechanochemistry in the process, indicating the generation of transient organometallics facilitated by improved mass transfer and activation of the surface of magnesium metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Varma Nallaparaju
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tatsiana Nikonovich
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tatsiana Jarg
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Danylo Merzhyievskyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Chemistry of Bioactive Nitrogen-containing Heterocyclic Bases, V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar Str. 1, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Riina Aav
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Dzmitry G Kananovich
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
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Chanon M, Négrel JC, Bodineau N, Mattalia JM, Péralez E, Goursot A. Electron transfer at the solid liquid interface; new insights on the mechanism of formation of the grignard reagent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.19981340104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bodineau N, Mattalia JM, Hazimeh H, Handoo KL, Timokhin V, Négrel JC, Chanon M. About the Inhibition of Grignard Reagent Formation byp-Dinitrobenzene: Comparing the Mechanism of Grignard Reagent Formation and the SRN1 Mechanism. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Padwa A, Lynch SM, Mejía-Oneto JM, Zhang H. Cycloaddition Chemistry of 2-Vinyl-Substituted Indoles and Related Heteroaromatic Systems. J Org Chem 2005; 70:2206-18. [PMID: 15760207 DOI: 10.1021/jo047834a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction (IMDAF) of several N-phenylsulfonylindolyl-substituted furanyl carbamates containing a tethered pi-bond on the indole ring were examined as an approach to the iboga alkaloid catharanthine. Only in the case where the tethered pi-bond contained two carbomethoxy groups did the [4 + 2]-cycloaddition occur. Push-pull dipoles generated from the Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of diazo imides, on the other hand, undergo successful intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition across both alkenyl and heteroaromatic pi-bonds to provide novel pentacyclic compounds in good yield and in a stereocontrolled fashion. The facility of the cycloaddition was found to be critically dependent on conformational factors in the transition state. Ligand substitution in the rhodium(II) catalyst markedly altered the product ratio between [3 + 2]-cycloaddition and intramolecular C-H insertion. The variation in reactivity reflects the difference in electrophilicity between the various rhodium carbenoid intermediates. Intramolecular C-H insertion is enhanced with the more electrophilic carbene generated using Rh(II) perfluorobutyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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Müller P, Thi HCN, Pfyffer J. Approaches to 1H-Cyclopropa[l]phenanthrenes. Eliminations with 1a,9b-Dihydro-1H-cyclopropa[l]phenanthrene Derivatives. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19860690412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Thi NPD, Spichiger S, Paglia P, Bernardinelli G, Kündig EP, Timms PL. Synthesis and reactivity of naphthalene sandwich complexes of molybdenum. X-ray structure of [Mo(η6-naphthalene) {P(OMe)3}3] and [Mo(H)(η6-naphthalene){P(OMe)3}3][BF4]. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19920750814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Copper-catalyzed acylations of o-vinylbenzylzirconocene intermediate and synthetic application toward steroid skeleton. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ikeuchi Y, Taguchi T, Hanzawa Y. Copper-catalyzed allylations of o-vinylbenzylzirconocene intermediate. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Sadana
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
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Stereoselective Cyclopropylmethylation Reactions of Homoallylstannanes with Carbon Electrophiles. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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McKinley J, Aponick A, Raber JC, Fritz C, Montgomery D, Wigal CT. Reactions of Alkyllithium and Grignard Reagents with Benzoquinone: Evidence for an Electron-Transfer Mechanism. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo970201u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason McKinley
- Department of Chemistry, Lebanon Valley College, Annville, Pennsylvania 17003
| | - Aaron Aponick
- Department of Chemistry, Lebanon Valley College, Annville, Pennsylvania 17003
| | - Jeffrey C. Raber
- Department of Chemistry, Lebanon Valley College, Annville, Pennsylvania 17003
| | - Christine Fritz
- Department of Chemistry, Lebanon Valley College, Annville, Pennsylvania 17003
| | - David Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry, Lebanon Valley College, Annville, Pennsylvania 17003
| | - Carl T. Wigal
- Department of Chemistry, Lebanon Valley College, Annville, Pennsylvania 17003
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Hickman DN, Hodgetts KJ, Mackman PS, Wallace TW, Wardleworth J. The preparation of substituted 3,4-dihydro-l(2H)-naphthalenones from benzocyclobutenones via sequential thermal electrocyclic reactions. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)01054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Basnak I, Jurkovic K, Basnakova G. The Synthesis of Methyl Cyclopropylacetate by Palladium(II) Acetate Catalysed Reaction Of Diazomethane with Vinyl Group. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1992. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919208019279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hickman DN, Wallace TW, Michael Wardleworth J. The preparation of α-tetralones from benzocyclobutenones via sequential thermal electrocyclic reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)74896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bartmann E, Bogdanovi?? B, Janke N, Schlichte K, Spliethoff B, Treber J, Westeppe U, Wilczok U, Liao S. Active Magnesium from Catalytically Prepared Magnesium Hydride or from Magnesium Anthracene and its Uses in the Synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19901230712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Dupont AC, Audia VH, Waid PP, Carter JP. A Convenient Large-Scale Synthesis of Cyclobutyl Halides. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919008052804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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van Eikema Hommes NJR, Bickelhaupt F, Klumpp GW. 1,2-Dilithioethan aus Ethylen und Lithium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19881000815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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van Eikema Hommes NJR, Bickelhaupt F, Klumpp GW. 1,2-Dilithioethane from Ethylene and Lithium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.198810831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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van Eikema Hommes N, Bickelhaupt F, Klumpp G. Zur herstellung und reaktivität von bis(trimethylsilyl)dilithiomethan. Tetrahedron Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)80725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bogdanović B. Katalytische Synthese von Organolithium- und -magnesium-Verbindungen sowie von Lithium- und Magnesiumhydriden – Anwendungen in der organischen Synthese und als Wasserstoffspeicher. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19850970405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bogdanovi? B. Catalytic Synthesis of Organolithium and Organomagnesium Compounds and of Lithium and Magnesium Hydrides?Applications in Organic Synthesis and Hydrogen Storage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.198502621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Krohn K, Klimars M, Ko¨hle HJ, Ebeling E. Synthesis of ζ -pyrromycinone, 7-deoxyauramycinone, and 7-deoxyaklavinone via ketoester cyclizatiON 1). Tetrahedron 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)88798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Oppolzer W, Schneider P. Practical preparation and metallo-ene reactions of (2-alkenylallyl)-magnesium chlorides: Comparative study of magnesium activation. Tetrahedron Lett 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)81370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Oppolzer W, Kündig EP, Bishop PM, Perret C. Efficient preparation of allylic grignard reagents using slurries of precondensed magnesium. Tetrahedron Lett 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)87738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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