Synthesis and Characterization of New Binaphthyl-Linked Phenanthroline-, Bipyridine-, or Pyridine-Derived Ligands, and the Study of Their Cytotoxic Activity

Schiff-base ligands containing phenanthroline terminals: Synthesis, characterization, biological activities and molecular docking study

Three new phenanthroline-derived ligands were synthesized by the Schiff base condensation method. The first ligand was the result of 1,10-phenanthroline-2-carboxyaldehyde reaction with 1,4-diaminobutane (L1). The other ligands were obtained 1,6-diaminohexane (L2) and 1,8-diaminooctane (L3) with the phenanthroline aldehyde in separate reactions. The structures of all ligands were elucidated using spectral techniques such as FT-IR, ¹³C NMR, ¹H NMR and LC ESI/MS. The geometric properties of ligands such as bond lengths, bond angles, dihedral angles, electronic properties, HOMO and LUMO energies were calculated by using the Gaussian 09w programme. Ligands were optimized with B3LYP and 6-311++G(2d,p) basis set and NMR and FT-IR spectra were calculated. Experimental and theoretical spectrum data were compared. All of the ligands showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778. The anticancer activities of the ligands were also determined against human breast cancer (MCF7) and prostate cancer (DU145) cell lines. In addition, which conformation of the ligands was determined by the theoretical calculations. Docking studies of ligands with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were performed using Autock Tools 1.5.6 programme.

Studies on the cytotoxic, apoptotic and antitumoral effects of Au(III) and Pt(II) complexes of 1, 10-phenanthroline on V79 379A and A549 cell lines

In the present study, Au(III) and Pt(II) complexes of 1, 10-phenanthroline (phen) were synthesized and used as the test compounds. The structure elucidation of the synthesized compounds was performed by IR, (1)H-NMR and MASS spectroscopic data and the results of elemental analyses. The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of test compounds were elucidated on V79 379A (Chinese hamster lung fibroblast like) and A549 (human lung carcinoma epithelial like) cell lines. Cytotoxicity was measured with MTT assay and antitumoral effect was determined by colony forming ability methods. In addition, nuclear fragmentation and activation of apoptotic enzyme (caspase-3) and DAPI staining were used to detect the apoptotic effect of the compounds. All the test compounds induced time and concentration-dependent cytotoxic and antitumoral effects. Significant increases in the levels of apoptosis were observed with increasing exposure concentration.