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Moreira Brito JC, Carvalho LR, Neves de Souza A, Carneiro G, Magalhães PP, Farias LM, Guimarães NR, Verly RM, Resende JM, Elena de Lima M. PEGylation of the antimicrobial peptide LyeTx I-b maintains structure-related biological properties and improves selectivity. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1001508. [PMID: 36310605 PMCID: PMC9611540 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1001508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of antimicrobial peptides and proteins is closely related to their structural aspects and is sensitive to certain post-translational modifications such as glycosylation, lipidation and PEGylation. However, PEGylation of protein and peptide drugs has expanded in recent years due to the reduction of their toxicity. Due to their size, the PEGylation process can either preserve or compromise the overall structure of these biopolymers and their biological properties. The antimicrobial peptide LyeTx I-bcys was synthesized by Fmoc strategy and coupled to polyethylene glycol 2.0 kDa. The conjugates were purified by HPLC and characterized by MALDI-ToF-MS analysis. Microbiological assays with LyeTx I-bcys and LyeTx I-bPEG were performed against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 33591) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) in liquid medium. MIC values of 2.0 and 1.0 µM for LyeTx I-bcys and 8.0 and 4.0 µM for LyeTx I-bPEG were observed against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. PEGylation of LyeTx I-bcys (LyeTx I-bPEG) decreased the cytotoxicity determined by MTT method for VERO cells compared to the non-PEGylated peptide. In addition, structural and biophysical studies were performed to evaluate the effects of PEGylation on the nature of peptide-membrane interactions. Surface Plasmon Resonance experiments showed that LyeTx I-b binds to anionic membranes with an association constant twice higher than the PEGylated form. The three-dimensional NMR structures of LyeTx I-bcys and LyeTx I-bPEG were determined and compared with the LyeTx I-b structure, and the hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of POPC:POPG vesicles were similar upon the addition of both peptides. The mPEG-MAL conjugation of LyeTx I-bcys gave epimers, and it, together with LyeTx I-bPEG, showed clear α-helical profiles. While LyeTx I-bcys showed no significant change in amphipathicity compared to LyeTx I-b, LyeTx I-bPEG was found to have a slightly less clear separation between hydrophilic and hydrophobic faces. However, the similar conformational freedom of LyeTx I-b and LyeTx I-bPEG suggests that PEGylation does not cause significant structural changes. Overall, our structural and biophysical studies indicate that the PEGylation does not alter the mode of peptide interaction and maintains antimicrobial activity while minimizing tissue toxicity, which confirmed previous results obtained in vivo. Interestingly, significantly improved proteolytic resistance to trypsin and proteinase K was observed after PEGylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Raposo Carvalho
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Amanda Neves de Souza
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Carneiro
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula Prazeres Magalhães
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Macêdo Farias
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Natália Rocha Guimarães
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Moreira Verly
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Jarbas Magalhães Resende
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena de Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Biomedicina da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Ferreira VFC, Correia JDG, Farinha CM, Mendes F. Improved Fmoc-solid-phase peptide synthesis of an extracellular loop of CFTR for antibody selection by the phage display technology. J Pept Sci 2020; 26:e3253. [PMID: 32400108 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), a life-shortening genetic disease, is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that codes for the CFTR protein, the major chloride channel expressed at the apical membrane of epithelial cells. The development of an imaging probe capable of non-invasively detect CFTR at the cell surface could be of great advantage for the management of CF. With that purpose, we synthesized the first extracellular loop of CFTR protein (ECL1) through fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-based microwave-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), according to a reported methodology. However, aspartimide formation, a well-characterized side reaction in Fmoc-SPPS, prompted us to adopt a different side-chain protection strategy for aspartic acid residues present in ECL1 sequence. The peptide was subsequently modified via PEGylation and biotinylation, and cyclized through disulfide bridge formation, mimicking the native loop conformation in CFTR protein. Herein, we report improvements in the synthesis of the first extracellular loop of CFTR, including peptide modifications that can be used to improve antigen presentation in phage display for selection of novel antibodies against plasma membrane CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera F C Ferreira
- C2TN-Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João D G Correia
- C2TN-Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,DECN-Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Farinha
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Mendes
- C2TN-Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,DECN-Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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3
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Rost U, Xu Y, Salditt T, Diederichsen U. Heavy-Atom Labeled Transmembrane β-Peptides: Synthesis, CD-Spectroscopy, and X-ray Diffraction Studies in Model Lipid Multilayer. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:2525-34. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Rost
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Georg-August-University Göttingen; Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Yihui Xu
- Institute for X-ray Physics; Georg-August-University Göttingen; Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Tim Salditt
- Institute for X-ray Physics; Georg-August-University Göttingen; Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Ulf Diederichsen
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Georg-August-University Göttingen; Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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Chin SL, Lu Q, Dane EL, Dominguez L, McKnight CJ, Straub JE, Grinstaff MW. Combined Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Experimental Studies of the Structure and Dynamics of Poly-Amido-Saccharides. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6532-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qing Lu
- Division
of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Brookline, Massachusetts 02446, United States
| | | | | | | | - John E. Straub
- Division
of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Brookline, Massachusetts 02446, United States
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Division
of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Brookline, Massachusetts 02446, United States
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Kolesinska B, Eyer K, Robinson T, Dittrich PS, Beck AK, Seebach D, Walde P. Interaction of β(3) /β(2) -peptides, consisting of Val-Ala-Leu segments, with POPC giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and white blood cancer cells (U937)--a new type of cell-penetrating peptides, and a surprising chain-length dependence of their vesicle- and cell-lysing activity. Chem Biodivers 2016; 12:697-732. [PMID: 26010661 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Many years ago, β(2) /β(3) -peptides, consisting of alternatively arranged β(2) - and β(3) h-amino-acid residues, have been found to undergo folding to a unique type of helix, the 10/12-helix, and to exhibit non-polar, lipophilic properties (Helv. Chim. Acta 1997, 80, 2033). We have now synthesized such 'mixed' hexa-, nona-, dodeca-, and octadecapeptides, consisting of Val-Ala-Leu triads, with N-terminal fluorescein (FAM) labels, i.e., 1-4, and studied their interactions with POPC (=1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and with human white blood cancer cells U937. The methods used were microfluidic technology, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), a flow-cytometry assay, a membrane-toxicity assay with the dehydrogenase G6PDH as enzymatic reporter, and visual microscopy observations. All β(3) /β(2) -peptide derivatives penetrate the GUVs and/or the cells. As shown with the isomeric β(3) /β(2) -, β(3) -, and β(2) -nonamers, 2, 5, and 6, respectively, the derivatives 5 and 6 consisting exclusively of β(3) - or β(2) -amino-acid residues, respectively, interact neither with the vesicles nor with the cells. Depending on the method of investigation and on the pretreatment of the cells, the β(3) /β(2) -nonamer and/or the β(3) /β(2) -dodecamer derivative, 2 and/or 3, respectively, cause a surprising disintegration or lysis of the GUVs and cells, comparable with the action of tensides, viral fusion peptides, and host-defense antimicrobial peptides. Possible sources of the chain-length-dependent destructive potential of the β(3) /β(2) -nona- and β(3) /β(2) -dodecapeptide derivatives, and a possible relationship with the phosphate-to-phosphate and hydrocarbon thicknesses of GUVs, and eukaryotic cells are discussed. Further investigations with other types of GUVs and of eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells will be necessary to elucidate the mechanism(s) of interaction of 'mixed' β(3) /β(2) -peptides with membranes and to evaluate possible biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kolesinska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Łodz, Zeromskiego 116, PL-90-924 Łodz (phone: +48-42-631-3149).
| | - Klaus Eyer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, (phone: +41-44-632-2990; fax: +41-44-632-114).,École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielle de la Ville de Paris, 10 Rue de Vauquelin, FR-75005 Paris
| | - Tom Robinson
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, (phone: +41-44-632-2990; fax: +41-44-632-114).,Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, DE-14476 Potsdam-Golm
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, (phone: +41-44-632-2990; fax: +41-44-632-114).
| | - Albert K Beck
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, (phone: +41-44-632-2990; fax: +41-44-632-114)
| | - Dieter Seebach
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, (phone: +41-44-632-2990; fax: +41-44-632-114).
| | - Peter Walde
- Institut für Polymere, Departement Materialwissenschaft, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zürich, (phone: +41-44-632-0473; fax: +41-44-632-126).
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Purkayastha N, Eyer K, Robinson T, Dittrich PS, Beck AK, Seebach D, Kolesinska B, Cadalbert R. Enantiomeric and Diastereoisomeric (Mixed)L/ D-Octaarginine Derivatives - A Simple Way of Modulating the Properties of Cell-Penetrating Peptides. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:1165-84. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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March TL, Johnston MR, Duggan PJ, Gardiner J. Synthesis, Structure, and Biological Applications ofα-Fluorinatedβ-Amino Acids and Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:2410-41. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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9
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Pilsl LKA, Reiser O. α/β-Peptide foldamers: state of the art. Amino Acids 2011; 41:709-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Mándity IM, Fülöp L, Vass E, Tóth GK, Martinek TA, Fülöp F. Building β-peptide H10/12 foldamer helices with six-membered cyclic side-chains: fine-tuning of folding and self-assembly. Org Lett 2010; 12:5584-7. [PMID: 21050013 DOI: 10.1021/ol102494m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the β-peptidic H10/12 helix to tolerate side-chains containing six-membered alicyclic rings was studied. cis-2-Aminocyclohex-3-ene carboxylic acid (cis-ACHEC) residues afforded H10/12 helix formation with alternating backbone configuration. Conformational polymorphism was observed for the alternating cis-ACHC hexamer, where chemical exchange takes place between the major left-handed H10/12 helix and a minor folded conformation. The hydrophobically driven self-assembly was achieved for the cis-ACHC-containing helix which was observed as vesicles ~100 nm in diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- István M Mándity
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
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