1
|
Brehm PC, Frontera A, Streubel R. On metal coordination of neutral open-shell P-ligands focusing on phosphanoxyls, their electron residence and reactivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6270-6279. [PMID: 35579028 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01302a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This feature article highlights the discovery and development of phosphanoxyl complex chemistry starting from (neutral) low-coordinate phosphorus radicals and the quest of metal ligation effects. We describe synthesis and reactions of precursors, namely 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinoxyl (TEMPO) substituted phosphane tungsten(0) complexes. Trapping reactions of transient phosphanoxyl complexes, formed via thermal homolytic N-O bond cleavage, as well as their use in radical polymerisations are illustrated, thus revealing an interesting reactivity dichotomy. DFT calculations provide insight into thermal stabilities of precursors and the resulting spin density distributions (SDDs) in these reactive intermediates. Systematic studies on the dependance of the electron delocalisation in phosphanoxyl complexes have been performed examining different substitution pattern at phosphorus and different co-ligand combinations at the tungsten(0) center. Preliminary results on Mn and Fe complexes are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp C Brehm
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. de Valldemossa, 07122 Palma, Baleares, Spain
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barrett AN, Woof CR, Goult CA, Gasperini D, Mahon MF, Webster RL. Hydrogen/Halogen Exchange of Phosphines for the Rapid Formation of Cyclopolyphosphines. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16826-16833. [PMID: 34647448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen/halogen exchange of phosphines has been exploited to establish a truly useable substrate scope and straightforward methodology for the formation of cyclopolyphosphines. Starting from a single dichlorophosphine, a sacrificial proton "donor phosphine" makes the rapid, mild synthesis of cyclopolyphosphines possible: reactions are complete within 10 min at room temperature. Novel (aryl)cyclopentaphosphines (ArP)5 have been formed in good conversion, with the crystal structures presented. The use of catalytic quantities of iron(III) acetylacetonate provides significant improvements in conversion in the context of diphosphine (Ar2P)2 and alkyl-substituted cyclotetra- or cyclopentaphosphine ((AlkylP)n, where n = 4 or 5) formation. Both iron-free and iron-mediated reactions show high levels of selectivity for one specific ring size. Finally, investigations into the reactivity of Fe(acac)3 suggest that the iron species is acting as a sink for the hydrochloric acid byproduct of the reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam N Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Callum R Woof
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A Goult
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Danila Gasperini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth L Webster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Oberdorf K, Hanft A, Ramler J, Krummenacher I, Bickelhaupt FM, Poater J, Lichtenberg C. Bismutamide als einfache Vermittler hochselektiver Pn−Pn‐Radikal‐Kupplungsreaktionen (Pn=N, P, As). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Oberdorf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Anna Hanft
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Jacqueline Ramler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, ACMM Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Niederlande
- Institut für Moleküle und Materialien Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen Niederlande
| | - Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB Universitat de Barcelona & ICREA Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spanien
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oberdorf K, Hanft A, Ramler J, Krummenacher I, Bickelhaupt FM, Poater J, Lichtenberg C. Bismuth Amides Mediate Facile and Highly Selective Pn-Pn Radical-Coupling Reactions (Pn=N, P, As). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6441-6445. [PMID: 33315293 PMCID: PMC7986226 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The controlled release of well-defined radical species under mild conditions for subsequent use in selective reactions is an important and challenging task in synthetic chemistry. We show here that simple bismuth amide species [Bi(NAr2 )3 ] readily release aminyl radicals [NAr2 ]. at ambient temperature in solution. These reactions yield the corresponding hydrazines, Ar2 N-NAr2 , as a result of highly selective N-N coupling. The exploitation of facile homolytic Bi-Pn bond cleavage for Pn-Pn bond formation was extended to higher homologues of the pnictogens (Pn=N-As): homoleptic bismuth amides mediate the highly selective dehydrocoupling of HPnR2 to give R2 Pn-PnR2 . Analyses by NMR and EPR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and DFT calculations reveal low Bi-N homolytic bond-dissociation energies, suggest radical coupling in the coordination sphere of bismuth, and reveal electronic and steric parameters as effective tools to control these reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Oberdorf
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität, WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Anna Hanft
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität, WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jacqueline Ramler
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität, WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität, WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, ACMMVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUBUniversitat de Barcelona & ICREAPg. Lluís Companys 2308010BarcelonaSpain
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität, WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Heurich T, Qu ZW, Schnakenburg G, NejatyJahromy Y, Schiemann O, Grimme S, Streubel R. Chemistry of Thermally Generated Transient Phosphanoxyl Complexes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heurich
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken
Center for Theoretical Chemistry der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yaser NejatyJahromy
- Institut
für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Olav Schiemann
- Institut
für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken
Center for Theoretical Chemistry der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rousée K, Pannecoucke X, Gaumont AC, Lohier JF, Morlet-Savary F, Lalevée J, Bouillon JP, Couve-Bonnaire S, Lakhdar S. Transition metal-free stereospecific access to (E)-(1-fluoro-2-arylvinyl)phosphine borane complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2048-2051. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09673e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of (E)-(1-fluoro-2-arylvinyl)phosphine boranes has been achieved under metal-free conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M – UMR CNRS 7361 – UHA
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M – UMR CNRS 7361 – UHA
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Heurich T, Qu ZW, Nožinović S, Schnakenburg G, Matsuoka H, Grimme S, Schiemann O, Streubel R. Synthesis and Rearrangement of P-Nitroxyl-Substituted P(III) and P(V) Phosphanes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Case Study. Chemistry 2016; 22:10102-10. [PMID: 27283725 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Low-temperature generation of P-nitroxyl phosphane 2 (Ph2 POTEMP), which was obtained by the reaction of Ph2 PH (1) with two equivalents of TEMPO, is presented. Upon warming, phosphane 2 decomposed to give P-nitroxyl phosphane P-oxide 3 (Ph2 P(O)OTEMP) as one of the final products. This facile synthetic protocol also enabled access to P-sulfide and P-borane derivatives 7 and 13, respectively, by using Ph2 P(S)H (6) or Ph2 P(BH3 )H (11) and TEMPO. Phosphane sulfide 7 revealed a rearrangement to phosphane oxide 8 (Ph2 P(O)STEMP) in CDCl3 at ambient temperature, whereas in THF, thermal decomposition of sulfide 7 yielded salt 10 ([TEMP-H2 ][Ph2 P(S)O]). As well as EPR and detailed NMR kinetic studies, indepth theoretical studies provided an insight into the reaction pathways and spin-density distributions of the reactive intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heurich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Senada Nožinović
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hideto Matsuoka
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Olav Schiemann
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dobrovetsky R, Takeuchi K, Stephan DW. Metal-free Lewis acid mediated dehydrocoupling of phosphines and concurrent hydrogenation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2396-8. [PMID: 25564430 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09526j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The stoichiometric reaction of trityl cation with two equivalents of Ph2PH affords the phosphine stabilized phosphenium salt [Ph2(H)PPPh2][B(C6F5)4] via hydride abstraction, while catalytic amounts of B(p-HC6F4)3 effects catalytic phosphine dehydrocoupling with the liberation of H2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry
- Toronto
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nesterov V, Qu ZW, Schnakenburg G, Grimme S, Streubel R. Selective phosphanyl complex trapping using TEMPO. Synthesis and reactivity of P-functional P-nitroxyl phosphane complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:12508-11. [PMID: 25190288 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Open-shell phosphanyl complexes (OC)5W{(Me3Si)2HCP(X)} (X = F, H), obtained by one-electron oxidation of lithium phosphanido complexes, were trapped by TEMPO to yield novel thermally labile P-nitroxyl phosphane complexes. First experimental evidence for an open-shell P-F phosphanoxyl complex (OC)5W{(Me3Si)2HCP(O)F}, formed upon thermolysis of corresponding P-nitroxyl derivative, is reported; reaction pathways are also theoretically investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str.1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Kamitani M, Itazaki M, Tamiya C, Nakazawa H. Regioselective Double Hydrophosphination of Terminal Arylacetylenes Catalyzed by an Iron Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:11932-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja304818c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kamitani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585,
Japan
| | - Masumi Itazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585,
Japan
| | - Chihiro Tamiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585,
Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585,
Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- D. W. Allen
- Biomedical Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield, S1 1WB UK
| |
Collapse
|