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Liu CF. Recent Advances on Natural Aryl- C-glycoside Scaffolds: Structure, Bioactivities, and Synthesis-A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2022; 27:7439. [PMID: 36364266 PMCID: PMC9654268 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl-C-glycosides, of both synthetic and natural origin, are of great significance in medicinal chemistry owing to their unique structures and stability towards enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis as compared to O-glycosides. They are well-known antibiotics and potent enzyme inhibitors and possess a wide range of biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic effects, and so on. Currently, a number of aryl-C-glycoside drugs are on sale for the treatment of diabetes and related complications. This review summarizes the findings on aryl-C-glycoside scaffolds over the past 20 years, concerning new structures (over 200 molecules), their bioactivities-including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antivirus, glycation inhibitory activities and other pharmacological effects-as well as their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Fu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Zhang YQ, Zhang M, Wang ZL, Qiao X, Ye M. Advances in plant-derived C-glycosides: Phytochemistry, bioactivities, and biotechnological production. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108030. [PMID: 36031083 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
C-glycosides represent a large group of natural products with a C-C bond between the aglycone and the sugar moiety. They exhibit great structural diversity, wide natural distribution, and significant biological activities. By the end of 2021, at least 754 C-glycosides and their derivatives have been isolated and characterized from plants. Thus far, 66 functional C-glycosyltransferases (CGTs) have been discovered from plants, and provide green and efficient approaches to synthesize C-glycosides. Herein, advances in plant-derived C-glycosides are comprehensively summarized from aspects of structural diversity and identification, bioactivities, and biotechnological production. New strategies to discover novel C-glycosides and CGTs, as well as the applications of biotechnological methods to produce C-glycosides in the future are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zi-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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Li S, Li Y, Wang Y, Li R, Niu H, Liu C, Zhang Y. Ionic-liquid-based ultrasound-assisted extraction combined with counter-current chromatography and semi-preparative-LC for the preparation of monoamine oxidase B inhibitors from Pueraria thomsonii. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:1116-1127. [PMID: 34967131 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient method was developed for the rapid screening and identification of ligands for monoamine oxidase B. A new ionic-liquid-based ultrasound-assisted extraction method for medicinal herbs was also developed and validated. In addition, the hyphenated technique of counter-current chromatography and semi-preparative-LC was developed and applied to the isolation of the chemical constituents for Pueraria thomsonii Benth. Three potent monoamine oxidase B inhibitors, viz. daidzein-4',7-diglucoside (42.2 mg), puerarin 6''-O-xyloside (88.3 mg), and 3'-hydroxypuerarin (48.5 mg) with purities of 98.2%, 96.3%, and 97.1%, respectively, were obtained from 500 g of P. thomsonii raw material using semi-HPLC, whereas 3'-methoxypuerarin (76.2 mg), daidzein-8-C-apiosyl (1→6) glucoside (84.2 mg), and tectorigenin (75.1 mg) with purities of 98.5%, 96.4%, and 96.8%, respectively, were obtained from 500 g raw material via counter-current chromatography using a two-phase solvent system comprising n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water at a volume ratio of 1.85:1.00:0.86:3.69 (v/v). Then, the anti-Alzheimer activity of the phytochemicals was assessed using a PC12 cell model. Treatment with tectorigenin, daidzein-4',7-diglucoside, puerarin 6''-O-xyloside, 3'-hydroxypuerarin, 3'-methoxypuerarin, and daidzein-8-C-apiosyl (1→6) glucoside (100 μg/mL), resulted in cell viabilities of 69.00%, 65.81%, 59.69%, 57.90%, 55.61%, and 54.59%, respectively (P < 0.001). The protocol was proved to be very accurate and efficient. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Li
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun, 130032, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun, 130032, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Teacher development center, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhe Li
- Jiujiu Biotechnology Company, No.126 Xinfa Road, Nanguan District, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Huazhou Niu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun, 130032, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun, 130032, P. R. China
| | - Yuchi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun, 130032, P. R. China
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Ahn SY, Jo MS, Lee D, Baek SE, Baek J, Yu JS, Jo J, Yun H, Kang KS, Yoo JE, Kim KH. Dual effects of isoflavonoids from Pueraria lobata roots on estrogenic activity and anti-proliferation of MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells. Bioorg Chem 2019; 83:135-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Wu T, Liu C, Huang Y, Li S, Wang Y. Simultaneous screening and isolation of activated constituents from Puerariae Flos by ultrafiltration with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry combined with high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Sep Sci 2019; 41:4458-4468. [PMID: 30444083 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Puerariae Flos is the flower of Puerariae Radix, which is a common Chinese herb containing numerous isoflavones in all parts of the flower. Standard methods for screening and isolating isoflavones are typically labor intensive and time consuming. In this study, a new assay based on ultrafiltration with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry was developed for the rapid screening and identification of ligands for α-glucosidase, xanthine oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase in the extract of Puerariae Flos. Three isoflavones were identified as α-glucosidase inhibitors, three isoflavones were identified as lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors, and no specific binding ligands were identified for xanthine oxidase in the extract. Subsequently, specific binding ligands, puerarin, genistin, and tectorigenin (purities were 90, 60, 99, and 91.73%, respectively), were separated by high-speed counter-current chromatography. The partition coefficient values of the target compounds and resolutions of peaks were employed as indicators and the solvent system and mobile phase flow rate were optimized for two-stage separation. An optimized two-phase solvent system comprised of ethyl acetate/ethanol/water (4:0.5:3, v/v/v) was successfully used to isolate the three compounds from Puerariae Flos. The monomer compounds isolated, collected, and purified by high-speed counter-current chromatography were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, resulting in the isolation of three targeted compounds. The chemical structures of all three targeted compounds were individually identified by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry. The results demonstrate that ultrafiltration with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry combined with high-speed counter-current chromatography is not only a powerful tool for screening and isolating α-glucosidase and lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors in complex samples, but also a useful platform for identifying bioactive compounds for preventing and treating diabetes and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yu Huang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Sainan Li
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yueqi Wang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, P. R. China
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Wang X, Li S, Li J, Li C, Zhang Y. De novo transcriptome sequencing in Pueraria lobata to identify putative genes involved in isoflavones biosynthesis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:733-43. [PMID: 25547742 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Using Illumina sequencing technology, we have generated the large-scale transcriptome sequencing data and indentified many putative genes involved in isoflavones biosynthesis in Pueraria lobata. Pueraria lobata, a member of the Leguminosae family, is a traditional Chinese herb which has been used since ancient times. P. lobata root has extensive clinical usages, because it contains a rich source of isoflavones, including daidzin and puerarin. However, the knowledge of isoflavone metabolism and the characterization of corresponding genes in such a pathway remain largely unknown. In this study, de novo transcriptome of P. lobata root and leaf was sequenced using the Solexa sequencing platform. Over 140 million high-quality reads were assembled into 163,625 unigenes, of which about 43.1% were aligned to the Nr protein database. Using the RPKM (reads per kilo bases per million reads) method, 3,148 unigenes were found to be upregulated, and 2,011 genes were downregulated in the leaf as compared to those in the root. Towards a further understanding of these differentially expressed genes, Gene ontology enrichment and metabolic pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Based on these results, 47 novel structural genes were identified in the biosynthesis of isoflavones. Also, 22 putative UDP glycosyltransferases and 45 O-methyltransferases unigenes were identified as the candidates most likely to be involved in the tailoring processes of isoflavonoid downstream pathway. Moreover, MYB transcription factors were analyzed, and 133 of them were found to have higher expression levels in the roots than in the leaves. In conclusion, the de novo transcriptome investigation of these unique transcripts provided an invaluable resource for the global discovery of functional genes related to isoflavones biosynthesis in P. lobata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Liu B, Kongstad KT, Qinglei S, Nyberg NT, Jäger AK, Staerk D. Dual high-resolution α-glucosidase and radical scavenging profiling combined with HPLC-HRMS-SPE-NMR for identification of minor and major constituents directly from the crude extract of Pueraria lobata. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:294-300. [PMID: 25679337 DOI: 10.1021/np5009416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The crude methanol extract of Pueraria lobata was investigated by dual high-resolution α-glucosidase inhibition and radical scavenging profiling combined with hyphenated HPLC-HRMS-SPE-NMR. Direct analysis of the crude extract without preceding purification was facilitated by combining chromatograms from two analytical-scale HPLC separations of 120 and 600 μg on-column, respectively. High-resolution α-glucosidase and radical scavenging profiles were obtained after microfractionation of the eluate in 96-well microplates. This allowed full bioactivity profiling of individual peaks in the HPLC chromatogram of the crude methanol extract. Subsequent HPLC-HRMS-SPE-NMR analysis allowed identification of 21 known compounds in addition to two new compounds, i.e., 3'-methoxydaidzein 8-C-[α-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside and 6″-O-malonyl-3'-methoxydaidzin, as well as an unstable compound tentatively identified as 3'-de-O-methylpuerariafuran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingrui Liu
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Metabolic differentiations of Pueraria lobata and Pueraria thomsonii using 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 93:51-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Li P, Yin ZQ, Li SL, Huang XJ, Ye WC, Zhang QW. SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF EIGHT FLAVONOIDS AND POGOSTONE IN POGOSTEMON CABLIN BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.809545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau
| | - Zhi-Qi Yin
- b Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Song-Lin Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics , Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau
- d Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- d Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qing-Wen Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau
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Chen YG, Li P, Li P, Yan R, Zhang XQ, Wang Y, Zhang XT, Ye WC, Zhang QW. α-Glucosidase inhibitory effect and simultaneous quantification of three major flavonoid glycosides in Microctis folium. Molecules 2013; 18:4221-32. [PMID: 23612474 PMCID: PMC6270556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18044221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microctis Folium, the leaves of Microcos paniculata L., is a commonly used herbal tea material. The methanol extract of Microctis Folium and its principle compounds vitexin (1), isovitexin (2) and isorhamnetin 3-O-β-d-rutinoside (3) were investigated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. The extract showed strong α-glucosidase inhibitory effect (IC50 = 61.30 μg/mL) and the three flavonoid glycosides 1–3 exerted satisfactory α-glucosidase inhibitory effects, with IC50 values of 244.0 μM, 266.2 μM and 275.4 μM, respectively. A simple and reliable HPLC-DAD method was developed for the quantification of the three flavonoid glycosides in Microctis Folium and applied successfully to determine contents of these components in samples collected from different locations. This study suggested that Microctis Folium may be a promising candidate for development of herbal antidiabetes drugs, and vitexin, isovitexin and isorhamnetin 3-O-β-d-rutinoside can be the biomarkers and chemical markers for this plant substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Gan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; E-Mails: (Y.-G.C.); (P.L.); (P.L.); (R.Y.)
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; E-Mails: (Y.-G.C.); (P.L.); (P.L.); (R.Y.)
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; E-Mails: (Y.-G.C.); (P.L.); (P.L.); (R.Y.)
| | - Ru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; E-Mails: (Y.-G.C.); (P.L.); (P.L.); (R.Y.)
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; E-Mails: (X.-Q.Z.); (W.-C.Y.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; E-Mails: (X.-Q.Z.); (W.-C.Y.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.W.); (Q.-W.Z.)
| | - Xian-Tao Zhang
- Guangdong Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510520, China; E-Mail:
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; E-Mails: (X.-Q.Z.); (W.-C.Y.)
| | - Qing-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; E-Mails: (Y.-G.C.); (P.L.); (P.L.); (R.Y.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.W.); (Q.-W.Z.)
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