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Norouzi H, Sohrabi M, Yousefi M, Boustie J. Tridepsides as potential bioactives: a review on their chemistry and the global distribution of their lichenic and non-lichenic natural sources. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2023; 4:1088966. [PMID: 37746133 PMCID: PMC10512237 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2023.1088966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Tridepsides, as fully oxidized polyketides, have been known to exist in lichens for more than a century. Recent studies have showed that these possible defensive lichenochemicals possess various biological activities. Also, a candidate biosynthetic gene cluster was recently reported for gyrophoric acid (GA), an important tridepside. The present study focused on biosynthesis, natural sources, biological activities, and bioanalytical methods of tridepside molecules. Our survey shows that, so far, lichenic tridepsides have been reported from 37 families, 111 genera, and 526 species of lichen. Because many of their species contain tridepsides, the families Parmeliaceae, Lobariaceae, and Peltigeraceae can be considered critical lichenic sources of tridepsides. Furthermore, several species of Hypotrachyna in Parmeliaceae family showed lichenic tridepsides, suggesting that this genus is a viable source of tridepsides. This research also explored tridepsides from non-lichenic sources, such as non-lichenized fungi, lichenicolous fungi, endophytes, parasites, and liverworts, which offer substantial potential as biotechnological sources to produce tridepsides, which are produced in small amounts in lichen thalli. Two lichenic tridepsides have also been detected in non-lichenic sources: GA and tenuiorin (TE). Additionally, no significant correlation was found between tridepside biosynthesis and geographical distribution patterns for several potentially tridepside-producing lichens. We further showed that GA is the most studied tridepside with various reported biological activities, including anticancer, wound healing, photoprotection, anti-aging, antioxidant, cardiovascular effect, DNA interaction, anti-diabetes, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-bacterial, and antifungal. Last but not least, this study provides an overview of some bioanalytical methods used to analyze tridepsides over the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Norouzi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sohrabi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Yousefi
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Joel Boustie
- Univ Rennes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - Mixed Research Unit (MRU) 6226, Rennes, France
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Fungal Depsides-Naturally Inspiring Molecules: Biosynthesis, Structural Characterization, and Biological Activities. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100683. [PMID: 34677398 PMCID: PMC8540757 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi represent a huge reservoir of structurally diverse bio-metabolites. Although there has been a marked increase in the number of isolated fungal metabolites over the past years, many hidden metabolites still need to be discovered. Depsides are a group of polyketides consisting of two or more ester-linked hydroxybenzoic acid moieties. They possess valuable bioactive properties, such as anticancer, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antifouling, and antioxidant qualities, as well as various human enzyme-inhibitory activities. This review provides an overview of the reported data on fungal depsides, including their sources, biosynthesis, physical and spectral data, and bioactivities in the period from 1975 to 2020. Overall, 110 metabolites and more than 122 references are confirmed. This is the first review of these multi-faceted metabolites from fungi.
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The Genus Cladosporium: A Rich Source of Diverse and Bioactive Natural Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133959. [PMID: 34203561 PMCID: PMC8271404 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are renowned as one of the most fruitful sources of chemodiversity and for their ubiquitous occurrence. Among the many taxonomic groupings considered for the implications deriving from their biosynthetic aptitudes, the genus Cladosporium stands out as one of the most common in indoor environments. A better understanding of the impact of these fungi on human health and activities is clearly based on the improvement of our knowledge of the structural aspects and biological properties of their secondary metabolites, which are reviewed in the present paper.
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Al Subeh ZY, Raja HA, Maldonado A, Burdette JE, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. Thielavins: tuned biosynthesis and LR-HSQMBC for structure elucidation. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:300-306. [PMID: 33495550 PMCID: PMC8084880 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of thielavins I, V, and Q (1-3) and the previously undescribed thielavin Z8 (4) were isolated from cultures of a fungal Shiraia-like sp. (strain MSX60519) that were grown under a suite of media and light conditions, with enhanced biosynthesis noted using rice as a substrate with 12:12 h light:dark cycles. Conversely, oatmeal medium and continuous white light-emitting diode light exposure negatively affected the production of these compounds, at least by strain MSX60519. The structure of 4 was determined using NMR spectroscopic data and mass fragmentation patterns. Of note, the utility of LR-HSQMBC and NOESY NMR experiments in the structural elucidation of these hydrogen-deficient natural products was demonstrated. Compounds 1-4 exhibited cytotoxic activity at the micromolar level against human breast, ovarian, and melanoma cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Y Al Subeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Amanda Maldonado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
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Ribeiro BA, da Mata TB, Canuto GAB, Silva EO. Chemical Diversity of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Brazilian Endophytic Fungi. Curr Microbiol 2020; 78:33-54. [PMID: 33108493 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endophytes are microorganisms that live inside vegetal tissues without causing any loss to the host plant. They display wide biosynthetic capacity when producing several bioactive secondary metabolites, whose induction could be related to activation of genes, which might be silent or expressed depending on the geographic characteristics from where the endophytic was isolated. The extraordinary richness of the Brazilian biodiversity has encouraged several research groups in the endophytic bioprospecting. This review covers natural products reported by studies on from the Brazilian endophytic fungi cultures and classified them into three chemical classes (terpenes, phenolic, and nitrogen-containing compounds). For discussion purposes, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used as an unsupervised explorative method to evaluate the chemical variation in the Brazilian endophyte dataset. In addition, the dendrogram from the Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) confirmed the PCA results, and HCA could identify some main endophytic clusters. Our analysis clarified how the secondary metabolites were distributed in the different Brazilian endophyte strains, and this information will be a reliable guide that will support researchers to design microbial culture strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno A Ribeiro
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo 147, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Thiara B da Mata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo 147, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Gisele A B Canuto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo 147, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Eliane O Silva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo 147, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil.
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Quaglia M, Santinelli M, Sulyok M, Onofri A, Covarelli L, Beccari G. Aspergillus, Penicillium and Cladosporium species associated with dried date fruits collected in the Perugia (Umbria, Central Italy) market. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 322:108585. [PMID: 32179333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A total of 20 dried date samples, chosen as representative among those available on the Perugia (Umbria, Central Italy) market, were analyzed for the possible occurrence of fungal species and related contamination by fungal secondary metabolites. Twenty-six isolates, representative of the total mycobiota, were obtained and morphologically identified as belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Cladosporium. Inside each genus, molecular characterization (by partial sequencing of ITS region and/or β-tubulin and calmodulin regions for Aspergillus and Penicillium isolates or actin region for Cladosporium isolates) and in vitro mycotoxigenic profile characterization (by LC-MS/MS analysis) showed the presence of the following species: A. flavus, A. tubingensis, P. brevicompactum, P. chrysogenum, P. crustosum, P. glabrum, P. solitum, P. venetum, C. cladosporioides, C. limoniforme and C. halotolerans, with A. tubingensis as the prevalent species and P. crustosum, P. solitum, P. venetum and C. limoniforme first reported here on dates. Date packaging and format showed an effect on the incidence of isolated fungi, with the lowest incidence recovered from whole dates and in hermetic bag packaging. These findings can be useful both for dried dates producers and consumers, guiding them towards choices of packaging and format with a lower risk of mycotoxigenic species presence. However, no fungal metabolites were detected in the dried date samples analyzed, which were therefore regarded as safe for human consumption, underlining the absence of correspondence between fungal isolation and mycotoxin contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Quaglia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, I-06121 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Marina Santinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, I-06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Andrea Onofri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, I-06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Covarelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, I-06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Beccari
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, I-06121 Perugia, Italy
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Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi from the medicinal plants Mammea americana (Calophyllaceae) and Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 40:55-71. [PMID: 32220164 PMCID: PMC7357376 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.4644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Infectious diseases represent one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Considering the growing global challenge of antimicrobial resistance, research into new sources of potentially effective antimicrobial agents from natural origins is of great importance for world health.
Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi from Mammea americana and Moringa oleifera upon Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), S. aureus (resistant strain USb003), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and E. coli (resistant strain USb007).
Materials and methods: We isolated endophytic fungi from the leaves, seeds, and stems of the two plants under study. We evaluated their antimicrobial activity through the formation of sensitivity haloes in dual tests in vitro, as well as in trials using crude ethanolic extracts from the endophytes. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and cytotoxicity o the substances were analyzed.
Results: Three ethanolic extracts of Penicillium sp., Cladosporium (001), and Cladosporium (002) exhibited the greatest inhibition halos in sensitive and resistant strains of E. coli and S. aureus. The MIC and CBM found were statistically significant (p≤0.05) compared with the gentamicin control. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity test results of CC50>1,000 demonstrated that the endophytic fungi studied exhibit bactericidal characteristics without causing unintended damage.
Conclusion: The endophytic fungi M. oleifera and M. americana represent a source of active secondary metabolites with antimicrobial and non-toxic properties. In light of these findings, further research should proceed with chemical identification of the compounds and the study of their mechanisms of action, especially given the paucity of current scientific knowledge concerning the isolation of endophytes in these plants.
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Diversity and antimicrobial activity of culturable fungi from fishscale bamboo (Phyllostachys heteroclada) in China. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:104. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Han Z, Li YX, Liu LL, Lu L, Guo XR, Zhang XX, Zhang XY, Qi SH, Xu Y, Qian PY. Thielavins W-Z₇, New Antifouling Thielavins from the Marine-Derived Fungus Thielavia sp. UST030930-004. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15050128. [PMID: 28468259 PMCID: PMC5450534 DOI: 10.3390/md15050128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Eleven new depsides—thielavins W–Z (1–4) and thielavins Z1–Z7 (5–11)—and also four known thielavins—A, H, J, and K (12–15)—were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of a marine-derived fungal strain Thielavia sp UST030930-004. All of these compounds were evaluated for antifouling activity against cyprids of the barnacle Balanus (=Amphibalanus) amphitrite. The results showed that compounds 1–3 and 6–13 were active, with EC50 values ranging from 2.95 ± 0.59 to 69.19 ± 9.51 μM, respectively. The inhibitive effect of compounds 1–3 and 7 was reversible. This is the first description of the antifouling activity of thielavins against barnacle cyprids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Han
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 28 Luhuitou Road, Sanya 572000, China.
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yong-Xin Li
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ling-Li Liu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Liang Lu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xian-Rong Guo
- Imaging & Characterization Core lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xi-Xiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xiao-Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Shu-Hua Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
- College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Ave, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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Hunter PJ, Pink DA, Bending GD. Cultivar-level genotype differences influence diversity and composition of lettuce ( Lactuca sp.) phyllosphere fungal communities. FUNGAL ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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de Medeiros LS, Abreu LM, Nielsen A, Ingmer H, Larsen TO, Nielsen KF, Rodrigues-Filho E. Dereplication-guided isolation of depsides thielavins S-T and lecanorins D-F from the endophytic fungus Setophoma sp. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 111:154-162. [PMID: 25586883 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dereplication methodology using UHPLC-DAD-QTOFMS was applied during the metabolic profiling investigation of the endophyte Setophoma sp., a fungus isolated from symptomless guava fruits. The approach performed allowed a fast analysis of the microbial secondary metabolites. From this fungus, seven highly C-alkylated depsides were isolated and identified as polyketides thielavins S, T, U and V and lecanorins D, E and F. Their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic methods including NMR, HRMS and especially with assistance of HRMS/MS experiments. The compounds were tested for quorum sensing regulation activity in the virulence gene expression of Staphylococcus aureus, but no inhibitory effect was detected. Nevertheless, moderate antibacterial activity was encountered in three of tested depsides, particularly with thielavin T, whose MIC was 6.25 μg/mL against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia S de Medeiros
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, LaBioMMi, Rod. Washington Luís, Km 265, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lucas M Abreu
- Department of Phytopathology, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Anita Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Food Safety and Zoonoses Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Food Safety and Zoonoses Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas O Larsen
- Department of Systems Biology, Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristian F Nielsen
- Department of Systems Biology, Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Edson Rodrigues-Filho
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, LaBioMMi, Rod. Washington Luís, Km 265, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Shen XY, Cheng YL, Cai CJ, Fan L, Gao J, Hou CL. Diversity and antimicrobial activity of culturable endophytic fungi isolated from moso bamboo seeds. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95838. [PMID: 24759896 PMCID: PMC3997407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bamboos, regarded as therapeutic agents in ethnomedicine, have been used to inhibit inflammation and enhance natural immunity for a long time in Asia, and there are many bamboo associated fungi with medical and edible value. In the present study, a total of 350 fungal strains were isolated from the uncommon moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) seeds for the first time. The molecular diversity of these endophytic fungi was investigated and bioactive compound producers were screened for the first time. All the fungal endophytes were categorized into 69 morphotypes according to culturable characteristics and their internal transcriber spacer (ITS) regions were analyzed by BLAST search with the NCBI database. The fungal isolates showed high diversity and were divided in Ascomycota (98.0%) and Basidiomycota (2.0%), including at least 19 genera in nine orders. Four particular genera were considered to be newly recorded bambusicolous fungi, including Leptosphaerulina, Simplicillium, Sebacina and an unknown genus in Basidiomycetes. Furthermore, inhibitory effects against clinical pathogens and phytopathogens were screened preliminarily and strains B09 (Cladosporium sp.), B34 (Curvularia sp.), B35 (undefined genus 1), B38 (Penicillium sp.) and zzz816 (Shiraia sp.) displayed broad-spectrum activity against clinical bacteria and yeasts by the agar diffusion method. The crude extracts of isolates B09, B34, B35, B38 and zzz816 under submerged fermentation, also demonstrated various levels of bioactivities against bambusicolous pathogenic fungi. This study is the first report on the antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi associated with moso bamboo seeds, and the results show that they could be exploited as a potential source of bioactive compounds and plant defense activators. In addition, it is the first time that strains of Shiraia sp. have been isolated and cultured from moso bamboo seeds, and one of them (zzz816) could produce hypocrellin A at high yield, which is significantly different from the other strains published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ye Shen
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Lin Cheng
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ju Cai
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology of the SFA, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Fan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology of the SFA, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Lin Hou
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Klitgaard A, Iversen A, Andersen MR, Larsen TO, Frisvad JC, Nielsen KF. Aggressive dereplication using UHPLC-DAD-QTOF: screening extracts for up to 3000 fungal secondary metabolites. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:1933-43. [PMID: 24442010 PMCID: PMC3955480 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In natural-product drug discovery, finding new compounds is the main task, and thus fast dereplication of known compounds is essential. This is usually performed by manual liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (LC-UV) or visible light-mass spectroscopy (Vis-MS) interpretation of detected peaks, often assisted by automated identification of previously identified compounds. We used a 15 min high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection (UHPLC–DAD)–high-resolution MS method (electrospray ionization (ESI)+ or ESI−), followed by 10–60 s of automated data analysis for up to 3000 relevant elemental compositions. By overlaying automatically generated extracted-ion chromatograms from detected compounds on the base peak chromatogram, all major potentially novel peaks could be visualized. Peaks corresponding to compounds available as reference standards, previously identified compounds, and major contaminants from solvents, media, filters etc. were labeled to differentiate these from compounds only identified by elemental composition. This enabled fast manual evaluation of both known peaks and potential novel-compound peaks, by manual verification of: the adduct pattern, UV–Vis, retention time compared with log D, co-identified biosynthetic related compounds, and elution order. System performance, including adduct patterns, in-source fragmentation, and ion-cooler bias, was investigated on reference standards, and the overall method was used on extracts of Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium melanoconidium, revealing new nitrogen-containing biomarkers for both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Klitgaard
- Department of Systems Biology, Søltofts Plads, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
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Ióca LP, Allard PM, Berlinck RGS. Thinking big about small beings – the (yet) underdeveloped microbial natural products chemistry in Brazil. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:646-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70112c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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