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Abstract
In this Review, we consider all the publications since the beginning of the century that describe tandem reactions resulting in the formation of five-membered aromatic nitrogen heterocycles (thiazole, imidazole, indole, tetrazole, triazole, and isoxazole). The contents of this review are organized by taxonomy and type of tandem catalysis. It covers orthogonal, auto-, and assisted tandem catalysis, providing an overview of tandem reactions applied tonitrogen heterocycles reported in the literature up to March 2020. We believe that this compilation of data will provide a necessary starting reference to developthe applications of tandem catalysis in medicinal chemistry.
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Qian W, Wang D, Wang H, Yu P, Liu S, Chen S. One-pot synthesis of 3-triazolyl-quinolin-2-(1 H )-ones via sequential Ugi-“click”-Knoevenagel condensations. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Homami SS, Rezaei Z. A Practical Approach for the Synthesis of Novel Triazolo-fused Benzazepine Derivatives Using a Multi-component Reaction and an Intramolecular C–H Arylation. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3184/174751916x14505397376261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and straightforward method has been developed for the preparation of triazolo-fused benzazepines by a facile, one-pot Ugi multi-component reaction/click reaction. In this strategy, the Ugi-reaction products were coupled by a click reaction, thus integrating the triazole fragment into the benzazepine structure using an intramolecular C–H arylation. The corresponding products were obtained in good yields without unfavourable by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Saied Homami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rezaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176, Iran
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Salvador CEM, Pieber B, Neu PM, Torvisco A, Kleber Z Andrade C, Kappe CO. A sequential Ugi multicomponent/Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition approach for the continuous flow generation of cyclic peptoids. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4590-602. [PMID: 25842982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of a continuous flow multistep strategy for the synthesis of linear peptoids and their subsequent macrocyclization via Click chemistry is described. The central transformation of this process is an Ugi four-component reaction generating the peptidomimetic core structure. In order to avoid exposure to the often toxic and malodorous isocyanide building blocks, the continuous approach was telescoped by the dehydration of the corresponding formamide. In a concurrent operation, the highly energetic azide moiety required for the subsequent intramolecular copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (Click reaction) was installed by nucleophilic substitution from a bromide precursor. All steps yielding to the linear core structures can be conveniently coupled without the need for purification steps resulting in a single process generating the desired peptidomimetics in good to excellent yields within a 25 min reaction time. The following macrocyclization was realized in a coil reactor made of copper without any additional additive. A careful process intensification study demonstrated that this transformation occurs quantitatively within 25 min at 140 °C. Depending on the resulting ring strain, either a dimeric or a monomeric form of the cyclic product was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo M Salvador
- †Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria.,‡Laboratório de Química Metodológica e Orgânica Sintética, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, C.P. 4478, 70904-970, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- †Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp M Neu
- †Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ana Torvisco
- §Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Carlos Kleber Z Andrade
- ‡Laboratório de Química Metodológica e Orgânica Sintética, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, C.P. 4478, 70904-970, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- †Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Hassan S, Müller TJJ. Multicomponent Syntheses based upon Copper-Catalyzed Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Pérez-Labrada K, Brouard I, Méndez I, Pérez CS, Gavín JA, Rivera DG. Combined Ugi-4CR/CuAAC Approach to Triazole-Based Neoglycolipids. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Shaabani S, Shaabani A, Ng SW. One-pot synthesis of coumarin-3-carboxamides containing a triazole ring via an isocyanide-based six-component reaction. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:176-83. [PMID: 24528142 DOI: 10.1021/co4001259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A facile, efficient, and environmentally friendly approach has been developed for the diversity oriented synthesis of trifunctional coumarin-amide-triazole containing compounds. A wide variety of pharmacologically significant and structurally interesting compounds were synthesized via a one-pot, six-component, tandem Knoevenagel/Ugi/click reaction sequence from readily available starting materials in ethanol at room temperature in excellent overall yields. Substituents could be independently varied at five different positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Shaabani
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box
19396-4716, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shaabani
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box
19396-4716, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seik Weng Ng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Koopmanschap G, Ruijter E, Orru RVA. Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions towards cyclic constrained peptidomimetics. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:544-98. [PMID: 24605172 PMCID: PMC3943360 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent past, the design and synthesis of peptide mimics (peptidomimetics) has received much attention. This because they have shown in many cases enhanced pharmacological properties over their natural peptide analogues. In particular, the incorporation of cyclic constructs into peptides is of high interest as they reduce the flexibility of the peptide enhancing often affinity for a certain receptor. Moreover, these cyclic mimics force the molecule into a well-defined secondary structure. Constraint structural and conformational features are often found in biological active peptides. For the synthesis of cyclic constrained peptidomimetics usually a sequence of multiple reactions has been applied, which makes it difficult to easily introduce structural diversity necessary for fine tuning the biological activity. A promising approach to tackle this problem is the use of multicomponent reactions (MCRs), because they can introduce both structural diversity and molecular complexity in only one step. Among the MCRs, the isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs) are most relevant for the synthesis of peptidomimetics because they provide peptide-like products. However, these IMCRs usually give linear products and in order to obtain cyclic constrained peptidomimetics, the acyclic products have to be cyclized via additional cyclization strategies. This is possible via incorporation of bifunctional substrates into the initial IMCR. Examples of such bifunctional groups are N-protected amino acids, convertible isocyanides or MCR-components that bear an additional alkene, alkyne or azide moiety and can be cyclized via either a deprotection-cyclization strategy, a ring-closing metathesis, a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition or even via a sequence of multiple multicomponent reactions. The sequential IMCR-cyclization reactions can afford small cyclic peptide mimics (ranging from four- to seven-membered rings), medium-sized cyclic constructs or peptidic macrocycles (>12 membered rings). This review describes the developments since 2002 of IMCRs-cyclization strategies towards a wide variety of small cyclic mimics, medium sized cyclic constructs and macrocyclic peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Koopmanschap
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Romano VA Orru
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lu GP, Cai C. An Odorless, One-Pot Synthesis of Thioesters from Organic Halides, Thiourea and Benzoyl Chlorides in Water. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201201059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Niu TF, Lv MF, wang L, Yi WB, Cai C. Chemoselective preparation of 1,2,3-triazole–isoxazole bisfunctional derivatives and their application in peptidomimetic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1040-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26990b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sokolova NV, Nenajdenko VG. Recent advances in the Cu(i)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition: focus on functionally substituted azides and alkynes. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42482k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Niu TF, Gu L, Wang L, Yi WB, Cai C. Chemoselective Preparation of Unsymmetrical Bis(1,2,3-triazole) Derivatives and Application in Bis(1,2,3-triazole)-Modified Peptidomimetic Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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