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Kang SJ, Zhao L, Wang H, Gao JM, Qi J. Chemical structures, biological activities, and biosynthetic analysis of secondary metabolites of the Diatrypaceae family: A comprehensive review. Mycology 2024; 15:322-344. [PMID: 39247891 PMCID: PMC11376284 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2024.2341648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The family Diatrypaceae is a less well-known group within the order Xylariales (Ascomycota). Initially, the focus on its metabolites was related to the pathogenicity of one of its members, Eutypa lata. To date, a total of 254 natural products have been identified from Diatrypaceae strains. These compounds include terpenoids, sterols, polyketones, phenols, and acetylene aromatic compounds, which have shown anticancer, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities. The complex and diverse structural types, along with the diverse bioactivities, highlight the potential of Diatrypaceae as a valuable source of bioactive natural products. In this review, a deep analysis of the biosynthesis of pimarane diterpenes and scoparasin-type cytochalasins is provided, coupled with a compilation of the biosynthetic pathways of aromatic acetylene compounds in filamentous fungi. This comprehensive review not only enhances our understanding of the natural product chemistry, biological activities, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites from the Diatrypaceae family but also promotes the exploitation and development of important bioactive compounds and potential strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jie Kang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Xi'an International University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haiqiang Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianzhao Qi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Xi'an International University, Xi'an, China
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2
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Liang JJ, Lv TM, Xu ZY, Huang XX, Song SJ. Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Spreng: Phytochemical review and Chemotaxonomic values. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Niu S, Liu D, Shao Z, Liu J, Fan A, Lin W. Chemical epigenetic manipulation triggers the production of sesquiterpenes from the deep-sea derived Eutypella fungus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 192:112978. [PMID: 34678625 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemical epigenetic manipulation of a deep-sea-derived Eutypella sp. fungus by the co-treatment with a histonedeacetylase inhibitor (suberohydroxamic acid, SBHA) and a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (5-azacytidine, 5-Aza), resulted in the activation of a sesquiterpene-related biosynthetic gene cluster. Chromatographic separation of the elicitor-treated cultures led the isolation of 21 sesquiterpenes, including 17 undescribed compounds, eutypeterpenes A-Q. Their structures were identified by the extensive analysis of the spectroscopic data, including the single-crystal X-ray diffraction, chemical conversion, and the calculated NMR and ECD data for configurational assignments. Eutypeterpene A is a first bergamotene-type sesquiterpene incorporated with a dioxolanone unit, and eutypeterpenes O-Q with a cyclopentane ring represent an undescribed subtype of sesquiterpenes. The bioassay results showed that most compounds exert inhibitory effects against the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and eutypeterpene N is the most active. This study demonstrates that the epigenetic manipulation is an effective approach to trigger the production of cryptic metabolites from deep-sea derived fungus. The significant inhibition against LPS-induced NO production in vitro suggests eutypeterpenes to be potential for the development as anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Technology Innovation Center for Exploitation of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Zongze Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Technology Innovation Center for Exploitation of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Jianrong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Aili Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Institute of Ocean Research, Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
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4
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Steroids from Marine-Derived Fungi: Evaluation of Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Activities of Eburicol. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17060372. [PMID: 31234456 PMCID: PMC6628047 DOI: 10.3390/md17060372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common sterol in fungi is ergosterol, which has frequently been investigated in human pathogenic fungal strains. This sterol, and others isolated from fungal strains, has also demonstrated cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines and antimicrobial activities. Marine fungi can produce high amounts of bioactive compounds. So, a screening was performed to study sterol composition using GC/MS in 19 marine fungal strains and ergosterol was always the major one. One strain, Clonostachys rosea MMS1090, was selected due to its high amount of eburicol and a one strain many compounds approach was performed on seven culture media to optimize its production. After purification and structural identification by NMR, eburicol was assessed against four cancer cell lines, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, NSCLC-N6-L16 and A549, and seven human pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp., Bacillus cereus, Listeria ivanovii, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii and Salmonella spp. The most significant activity was cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells (2 µM). This is the first report of such an accumulation of eburicol in the marine fungal strain C. rosea confirming its potential in the production of bioactive lipids.
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Niu S, Liu D, Shao Z, Proksch P, Lin W. Eremophilane-type sesquiterpenoids in a deep-sea fungus Eutypella sp. activated by chemical epigenetic manipulation. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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6
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Wang X, Sun K, Wang B. Bioactive Pimarane Diterpenes from the Arctic Fungus Eutypella sp. D-1. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15. [PMID: 29168349 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new pimarane diterpenes, libertellenone M (1) and libertellenone N (2), together with five known compounds were isolated from the culture extract of Eutypella sp. D-1 derived from high-latitude soil of the Arctic. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic data as well as experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analysis. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated. Compound 3 exhibited weak antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Vibrio vulnificus, each with MIC values of 16 μg/mL. Compounds 2 and 3 showed moderate cytotoxic activity against K562 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values of 7.67 and 9.57 μm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316022, P. R. China.,School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316022, P. R. China
| | - Kunlai Sun
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316022, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316022, P. R. China
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Zhao JX, Liu CP, Zhang MM, Li J, Yue JM. Dysohonin A, a meroditerpenoid incorporating a 6,15,6-fused heterotricyclic ring system from Dysoxylum hongkongense. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00469b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dysohonin A (1), a meroditerpenoid incorporating an unprecedented architecture, along with three new biogenetically related meroditerpenoids as PTP1B inhibitors were reported in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Cui-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
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8
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Fan Z, Sun ZH, Liu Z, Chen YC, Liu HX, Li HH, Zhang WM. Dichotocejpins A-C: New Diketopiperazines from a Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Dichotomomyces cejpii FS110. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14090164. [PMID: 27618072 PMCID: PMC5039535 DOI: 10.3390/md14090164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new diketopiperazines, dichotocejpins A–C (1–3), together with eight known analogues (4–11), were isolated from the culture of the deep-sea sediment derived fungus Dichotomomyces cejpii FS110. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were elucidated by a combination of HRESIMS, NMR, X-ray crystallography, and ECD calculations. Compounds 4–6, 10–11 showed significant cytotoxic activities against MCF-7, NCI-H460, HepG-2, and SF-268 tumor cell lines. Compound 1 exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with an IC50 of 138 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Zhang-Hua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Zhong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yu-Chan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Hong-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Hao-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Wei-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
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Dichotocejpins A–C: New Diketopiperazines from a Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Dichotomomyces cejpii FS110. Mar Drugs 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/md14090164 pmid: 276180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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10
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Zhang LQ, Chen XC, Chen ZQ, Wang GM, Zhu SG, Yang YF, Chen KX, Liu XY, Li YM. Eutypenoids A-C: Novel Pimarane Diterpenoids from the Arctic Fungus Eutypella sp. D-1. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E44. [PMID: 26959036 PMCID: PMC4820298 DOI: 10.3390/md14030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eutypenoids A-C (1-3), pimarane diterpenoid alkaloid and two ring A rearranged pimarane diterpenoids, were isolated from the culture of Eutypella sp. D-1 obtained from high-latitude soil of the Arctic. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were authenticated on the basis of the mass spectroscopy (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray crystallography, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analysis. The immunosuppressive effects of eutypenoids A-C (1-3) were studied using a ConA-induced splenocyte proliferation model, which suggested that 2 exhibited potent immunosuppressive activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Qiang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiao-Chong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhao-Qiang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Gui-Min Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Shi-Guo Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yi-Fu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Kai-Xian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Elissawy AM, El-Shazly M, Ebada SS, Singab AB, Proksch P. Bioactive terpenes from marine-derived fungi. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:1966-92. [PMID: 25854644 PMCID: PMC4413195 DOI: 10.3390/md13041966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine-derived fungi continue to be a prolific source of secondary metabolites showing diverse bioactivities. Terpenoids from marine-derived fungi exhibit wide structural diversity including numerous compounds with pronounced biological activities. In this review, we survey the last five years’ reports on terpenoidal metabolites from marine-derived fungi with particular attention on those showing marked biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Elissawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, 11566 Cairo, Egypt; E-Mails: (A.M.E.); (M.E.-S.); (S.S.E.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, 11566 Cairo, Egypt; E-Mails: (A.M.E.); (M.E.-S.); (S.S.E.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Sherif S. Ebada
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, 11566 Cairo, Egypt; E-Mails: (A.M.E.); (M.E.-S.); (S.S.E.); (A.B.S.)
| | - AbdelNasser B. Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, 11566 Cairo, Egypt; E-Mails: (A.M.E.); (M.E.-S.); (S.S.E.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine Universität, Geb. 26.23, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-211-811-4163; Fax: +49-211-811-1923
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12
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13
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2012 for marine natural products, with 1035 citations (673 for the period January to December 2012) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1241 for 2012), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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14
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation, structural determination, synthesis and chemical and microbiological transformations of natural sesquiterpenoids. The literature from January to December 2012 is reviewed, and 471 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio M Fraga
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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15
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Sun L, Li D, Tao M, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Dan F, Zhang W. Two new polyketides from a marine sediment-derived fungusEutypella scopariaFS26. Nat Prod Res 2013; 27:1298-304. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.733393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Sawada T, Nakada M. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Colletoic Acid via Catalytic Asymmetric Intramolecular Cyclopropanation of an α-Diazo-β-keto Diphenylphosphine Oxide. Org Lett 2013; 15:1004-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol303459x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sawada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Masahisa Nakada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Sun L, Li D, Tao M, Chen Y, Dan F, Zhang W. Scopararanes C-G: new oxygenated pimarane diterpenes from the marine sediment-derived fungus Eutypella scoparia FS26. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:539-550. [PMID: 22611352 PMCID: PMC3347013 DOI: 10.3390/md10030539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Five new oxygenated pimarane diterpenes, named scopararanes C–G (1–5) were isolated from the culture of a marine sediment-derived fungus Eutypella scoparia FS26 obtained from the South China Sea. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of compounds 1–5, were determined by CD spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. All isolated compounds (1–5) were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against MCF-7, NCI-H460, and SF-268 tumor cell lines by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Provincial Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Ministry-Guangdong Province Jointly Breeding Base), South China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China; (L.S.); (D.L.); (M.T.); (Y.C.)
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China;
| | - Dongli Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Provincial Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Ministry-Guangdong Province Jointly Breeding Base), South China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China; (L.S.); (D.L.); (M.T.); (Y.C.)
| | - Meihua Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Provincial Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Ministry-Guangdong Province Jointly Breeding Base), South China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China; (L.S.); (D.L.); (M.T.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuchan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Provincial Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Ministry-Guangdong Province Jointly Breeding Base), South China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China; (L.S.); (D.L.); (M.T.); (Y.C.)
| | - Feijun Dan
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China;
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Provincial Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Ministry-Guangdong Province Jointly Breeding Base), South China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China; (L.S.); (D.L.); (M.T.); (Y.C.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +86-20-37656321; Fax: +86-20-87688612
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