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Hong JE, Yoon J, Baek W, Kim K, Kwak JH, Park Y. Electrochemical C(sp 3)-H Lactonization of 2-Alkylbenzoic Acids toward Phthalides. Org Lett 2023; 25:298-303. [PMID: 36583568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report direct electrochemical C(sp3)-H lactonization of 2-alkylbenzoic acids toward phthalides. The reaction provides a wide substrate scope of 2-alkylbenzoic acids bearing primary to tertiary C(sp3)-H bonds by utilizing a graphite anode, dichloromethane (DCM) solvent, hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) cosolvent, and n-Bu4NClO4 electrolyte. Our synthetic approach offers a simple, intuitive, and atom-economical protocol to synthesize various phthalides (25 examples, up to 92% yield) and obtain other 5- and 6-membered lactones (10 examples, up to 83% yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Eun Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisong Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Woohyun Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyumin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 194-21 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Park
- College of Pharmacy, Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
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2
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Nozawa-Kumada K, Ono K, Kurosu S, Shigeno M, Kondo Y. Copper-catalyzed aerobic benzylic C(sp 3)-H lactonization of 2-alkylbenzamides via N-centered radicals. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5948-5952. [PMID: 35262165 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00281g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the copper-catalyzed aerobic C(sp3)-H functionalization of 2-alkylbenzamides for the synthesis of benzolactones. This reaction proceeds via 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer of N-centered radicals directly generated by N-H bond cleavage and does not require the synthesis of pre-functionalized N-centered radical precursors or the use of strong stoichiometric oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Kanako Ono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Kurosu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Masanori Shigeno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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3
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Zhou C, Zhao J, Chen W, Imerhasan M, Wang J. Synthesis of 3‐Unsubstituted Phthalides from Aryl Amides and Paraformaldehyde via Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed C–H Activation. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat‐Sen University 510275 Guangzhou China
| | - Junqi Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinjiang University Shengli Road 666 830046 Urumqi China
| | - Wenkun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat‐Sen University 510275 Guangzhou China
| | - Mukhtar Imerhasan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinjiang University Shengli Road 666 830046 Urumqi China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat‐Sen University 510275 Guangzhou China
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4
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Nozawa‐Kumada K, Kurosu S, Shigeno M, Kondo Y. Peroxydisulfate‐Mediated Transition‐Metal‐Free Oxidative C(sp
3
)−H Bond Lactonization. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Nozawa‐Kumada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Satoshi Kurosu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masanori Shigeno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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5
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Zhu J, Li R, Su Y, Gu P. Synthesis of Isoindoles from Intramolecular Condensation of Benzyl Azides with α-Aryldiazoesters. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5813-5820. [PMID: 30895788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rh-catalyzed intramolecular condensation of the benzyl azides with α-aryldiazoesters was explored. The reaction proceeded through the nucleophilic attack of the organic azide onto a rhodium carbenoid, while releasing nitrogen gas, affording the α-imino esters as the primary product. Tautomerization of the imino esters efficiently gave 13 desired isoindoles with good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , Ningxia University , Yinchuan 750021 , China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Chemistry , Ningxia University , Yinchuan 750021 , China
| | - Yan Su
- Department of Chemistry , Ningxia University , Yinchuan 750021 , China
| | - Peiming Gu
- Department of Chemistry , Ningxia University , Yinchuan 750021 , China
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6
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Kiyokawa K, Ito R, Takemoto K, Minakata S. C-H oxygenation at tertiary carbon centers using iodine oxidant. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7609-7612. [PMID: 29926057 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03735c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An oxidation system in which iodic acid (HIO3) is used as an oxidant in the presence of N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) permitted the selective hydroxylation of tertiary C-H bonds and the lactonization of carboxylic acids containing a tertiary carbon center. These reactions are operationally simple and proceed under metal-free conditions using commercially available reagents, thus offering an ideal tool for the efficient oxidation of C-H bonds at tertiary carbon centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kiyokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Abstract
The preparation, structure, and chemistry of hypervalent iodine compounds are reviewed with emphasis on their synthetic application. Compounds of iodine possess reactivity similar to that of transition metals, but have the advantage of environmental sustainability and efficient utilization of natural resources. These compounds are widely used in organic synthesis as selective oxidants and environmentally friendly reagents. Synthetic uses of hypervalent iodine reagents in halogenation reactions, various oxidations, rearrangements, aminations, C-C bond-forming reactions, and transition metal-catalyzed reactions are summarized and discussed. Recent discovery of hypervalent catalytic systems and recyclable reagents, and the development of new enantioselective reactions using chiral hypervalent iodine compounds represent a particularly important achievement in the field of hypervalent iodine chemistry. One of the goals of this Review is to attract the attention of the scientific community as to the benefits of using hypervalent iodine compounds as an environmentally sustainable alternative to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yoshimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Viktor V Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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8
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Chavan SP, Khatod HS, Das T, Vanka K. Exploration of the diastereoselectivity in an unusual Grignard reaction and its application towards the synthesis of styryl lactones 7-epi-(+)-goniodiol and 8-epi-(−)-goniodiol. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03192g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An unusual diastereoselective Grignard reaction has been explored, where the Grignard reagents are derived from 1,n-dihaloalkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash P. Chavan
- Division of Organic Chemistry
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411 008
- India
| | - Harshali S. Khatod
- Division of Organic Chemistry
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411 008
- India
| | - Tamal Das
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
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