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Kavaz A, Işık M, Dikici E, Yüksel M. Anticholinergic, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of Vitex agnus-castus L. seed extract : Assessment of its phenolic content by LC-MS/MS. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200143. [PMID: 36075867 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this current study, Vitex agnus-castus seed ethanol extracts were analyzed for their phytochemical component content, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities, and antibacterial properties. The phenolic compound composition of these seeds was determined by using LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity of the seeds was examined by the DPPH, ABTS, Fe 3+ -Fe 2+ reducing, and CUPRAC. Also, the anticholinergic activity was measured by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The antibacterial activity was performed by disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. The main phenolic compound was vanillic acid (22812.05 µg/L ) and followed by luteolin, fumaric acid, quercetin, caffeic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, kaempferol, bütein, ellagic acid, resveratrol, catechin hydrate, phloridzin dehydrate, naringenin, respectively. The DPPH free radical scavenging value of ethanol extract of plant seeds was 9.41%, while the ABTS radical scavenging activity was determined as 12.66%. The ethanol extract of the seeds exhibited antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus , and Salmonella Typhimurium, differently. S. aureus was found to be more susceptible to the extract than other bacteria. Also, the inhibition effect of seed ethanolic extract on the AChE with IC 50 values were 36.34±5,6 µg/mL. From the results, V. agnus-castus seed can be suggested as a promising natural antioxidant and antibacterial candidate for the preservation of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Kavaz
- Atatürk University, Food Technology, Department of Food Technology, Technical Sciences Vocational School, 2500, Erzurum, TURKEY
| | - Mesut Işık
- Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi: Bilecik Seyh Edebali Universitesi, Bioengineering Department, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Univ, Bilecik, TURKEY
| | - Emrah Dikici
- Aksaray University: Aksaray Universitesi, Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Aksaray University, Aksa, Aksaray, TURKEY
| | - Mehmet Yüksel
- Atatürk Üniversitesi: Ataturk Universitesi, Food Engineering, Ziraat Faculty, Erzurum, TURKEY
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Kamal N, Mio Asni NS, Rozlan INA, Mohd Azmi MAH, Mazlan NW, Mediani A, Baharum SN, Latip J, Assaw S, Edrada-Ebel RA. Traditional Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, Biological Properties, and Health Applications of Vitex sp. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11151944. [PMID: 35893648 PMCID: PMC9370779 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The genus Vitex is also known as a chaste tree, in which it is a large shrub native to the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. A diverse range of species is distributed throughout Southern Europe, the Mediterranean, and Central Asia. The Vitex tree, including its leaves and fruits, has been used for herbal remedies in the form of pastes, decoctions, and dried fruits since ancient times. This article aimed to prepare a comprehensive review of traditional uses and secondary metabolites derived from Vitex sp., including the chemical compounds, biological activities, application of Vitex in human clinical trials, toxicology and safety, marketed products, and patents. The scientific findings were obtained using a number of search engines and databases, including Google Scholar, PMC, and ScienceDirect. Vitex species are well known in pharmacology to have medicinal values, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Previous studies reported that some species are proven to be effective in treating diseases, such as diabetes, and improving female health. A total of 161 compounds from different Vitex species are reported, covering the literature from 1982 to 2022. A chemical analysis report of various studies identified that Vitex exhibited a wide range of phytoconstituents, such as iridoid, diterpenoid, ecdysteroid, and flavonoid and phenolic compounds. Apart from that, the review will also discuss the application of Vitex in human clinical trials, toxicology and safety, marketed products, and patents of the genus. While the extracts of the genus have been made into many commercial products, including supplements and essential oils, most of them are made to be used by women to improve menstrual conditions and relieve premenstrual syndrome. Among the species, Vitex agnus-castus L. is the only one that has been reported to undergo clinical trials, mainly related to the use of the genus for the treatment of mastalgia, menstrual bleeding problems, amenorrhea, menorrhagia, luteal insufficiency, and premenstrual syndrome. Overall, the review addresses recent therapeutic breakthroughs and identifies research gaps that should be explored for prospective research work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurkhalida Kamal
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.S.M.A.); (I.N.A.R.); (A.M.); (S.N.B.)
| | - Nurul Syahidah Mio Asni
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.S.M.A.); (I.N.A.R.); (A.M.); (S.N.B.)
| | - Ivana Nur Allisya Rozlan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.S.M.A.); (I.N.A.R.); (A.M.); (S.N.B.)
| | - Muhammad Aniq Hamzah Mohd Azmi
- Analytical and Environmental Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia;
| | - Noor Wini Mazlan
- Analytical and Environmental Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia;
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmed Mediani
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.S.M.A.); (I.N.A.R.); (A.M.); (S.N.B.)
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.S.M.A.); (I.N.A.R.); (A.M.); (S.N.B.)
| | - Jalifah Latip
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
| | - Suvik Assaw
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia;
- Marine Biology Unit, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia
| | - Ru Angelie Edrada-Ebel
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde (SIPBS), The John Arbuthnott Building, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK;
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Das N, Salgueiro ACF, Choudhury DR, Mandal SK, Logesh R, Hassan MM, Devkota HP. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of genus Vitex (Lamiaceae). Phytother Res 2022; 36:571-671. [PMID: 35172042 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Vitex, the genus of the family Lamiaceae, comprises of about 230 species mostly distributed in the warm regions of Europe and temperate regions of Asia. Several Vitex species have been used as folk medicine in different countries for the treatment of various kinds of diseases and ailments. The main aim of this review is to collect and analyze the scientific information available about the Vitex species regarding their chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. The phytochemical investigation of various Vitex species has resulted in the isolation of about 556 chemical constituents belong to various chemical category viz. iridoids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, lignans, sesquiterpenoids, monoterpenoids, ecdysteroids, and others. The crude extracts of different Vitex species as well as pure phytochemicals exhibited a wide spectrum of in-vitro and in-vivo pharmacological activities. In the present review, the scientific literature data on the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and pharmacological investigations on the genus Vitex are summarized. More attention should be given in future research to evaluate the pharmacological potential with detailed mechanism of actions for the pure compounds, extracts of plants from this genus. Moreover, their clinical study is needed to justify their use in modern medicine and to further exploring this genus for new drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar College, Belonia, India
| | | | | | - Sudip Kumar Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, India
| | - Rajan Logesh
- TIFAC-CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmacy, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, India
| | - Md Mahadi Hassan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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