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Vijayakumar S, Jones SM, Jones TA, Tian C, Johnson KR. Spontaneous mutations of the Zpld1 gene in mice cause semicircular canal dysfunction but do not impair gravity receptor or hearing functions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12430. [PMID: 31455802 PMCID: PMC6711997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48835-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cupula is a gelatinous membrane overlying the crista ampullaris of the semicircular canal, important for sensing rotation of the head and critical for normal balance. Recently the zona pellucida like domain containing 1 protein (ZPLD1, also known as cupulin) was identified in the cupula of fish. Here, we describe two new spontaneous mutations in the mouse Zpld1 gene, which were discovered by the circling behavior of mutant mice, an indicator of balance dysfunction. The Zpld1 mutant mice exhibited normal hearing function as assessed by auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements, and their otolithic organs appeared normal. In the inner ear, Zpld1 mRNA expression was detected only in the hair cells and supporting cells of the crista ampullaris. Normal vestibular sensory evoked potential (VsEP) responses and abnormal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) responses demonstrated that the vestibular dysfunction of the Zpld1 mutant mice is caused by loss of sensory input for rotary head movements (detected by cristae ampullaris) and not by loss of input for linear head translations (detected by maculae of the utricle and saccule). Taken together, these results are consistent with ZPLD1 being an important functional component of the cupula, but not tectorial or otoconial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarath Vijayakumar
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sherri M Jones
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Timothy A Jones
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Cong Tian
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
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2
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Takahashi S, Mui VJ, Rosenberg SK, Homma K, Cheatham MA, Zheng J. Cadherin 23-C Regulates Microtubule Networks by Modifying CAMSAP3's Function. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28706. [PMID: 27349180 PMCID: PMC4923861 DOI: 10.1038/srep28706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherin-related 23 (CDH23) is an adhesive protein important for hearing and vision, while CAMSAP3/Marshalin is a microtubule (MT) minus-end binding protein that regulates MT networks. Although both CDH23 and CAMSAP3/Marshalin are expressed in the organ of Corti, and carry several protein-protein interaction domains, no functional connection between these two proteins has been proposed. In this report, we demonstrate that the C isoform of CDH23 (CDH23-C) directly binds to CAMSAP3/Marshalin and modifies its function by inhibiting CAMSAP3/Marshalin-induced bundle formation, a process that requires a tubulin-binding domain called CKK. We further identified a conserved N-terminal region of CDH23-C that binds to the CKK domain. This CKK binding motif (CBM) is adjacent to the domain that interacts with harmonin, a binding partner of CDH23 implicated in deafness. Because the human Usher Syndrome 1D-associated mutation, CDH23 R3175H, maps to the CBM, we created a matched mutation in mouse CDH23-C at R55H. Both in vivo and in vitro assays decreased the ability of CDH23-C to interact with CAMSAP3/Marshalin, indicating that the interaction between CDH23 and CAMSAP3/Marshalin plays a vital role in hearing and vision. Together, our data suggest that CDH23-C is a CAMSAP3/Marshalin-binding protein that can modify MT networks indirectly through its interaction with CAMSAP3/Marshalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoe Takahashi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611, USA
| | - Vincent J Mui
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611, USA
| | - Samuel K Rosenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611, USA
| | - Kazuaki Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611, USA.,Knowles Hearing Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Mary Ann Cheatham
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Knowles Hearing Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611, USA.,Knowles Hearing Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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3
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Mock BE, Vijayakumar S, Pierce J, Jones TA, Jones SM. Differential effects of Cdh23(753A) on auditory and vestibular functional aging in C57BL/6J mice. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 43:13-22. [PMID: 27255811 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The C57BL/6J (B6) mouse strain carries a cadherin 23 mutation (Cdh23(753A), also known as Ahl), which affects inner ear structures and results in age-related hearing loss. The B6.CAST strain harbors the wild type Cdh23 gene, and hence, the influence of Ahl is absent. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the effect of age and gender on gravity receptor function in B6 and B6.CAST strains and to compare functional aging between auditory and vestibular modalities. Auditory sensitivity declined at significantly faster rates than gravity receptor sensitivity for both strains. Indeed, vestibular functional aging was minimal for both strains. The comparatively smaller loss of macular versus cochlear sensitivity in both the B6 and B6.CAST strains suggests that the contribution of Ahl to the aging of the vestibular system is minimal, and thus very different than its influence on aging of the auditory system. Alternatively, there exist unidentified genes or gene modifiers that serve to slow the degeneration of gravity receptor structures and maintain gravity receptor sensitivity into advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Mock
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Sarath Vijayakumar
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Jessica Pierce
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Timothy A Jones
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Sherri M Jones
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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Miyasaka Y, Suzuki S, Ohshiba Y, Watanabe K, Sagara Y, Yasuda SP, Matsuoka K, Shitara H, Yonekawa H, Kominami R, Kikkawa Y. Compound heterozygosity of the functionally null Cdh23(v-ngt) and hypomorphic Cdh23(ahl) alleles leads to early-onset progressive hearing loss in mice. Exp Anim 2014; 62:333-46. [PMID: 24172198 PMCID: PMC4160959 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.62.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The waltzer (v) mouse mutant harbors a mutation in Cadherin 23
(Cdh23) and is a model for Usher syndrome type 1D, which is
characterized by congenital deafness, vestibular dysfunction, and prepubertal onset of
progressive retinitis pigmentosa. In mice, functionally null Cdh23
mutations affect stereociliary morphogenesis and the polarity of both cochlear and
vestibular hair cells. In contrast, the murine Cdh23ahl
allele, which harbors a hypomorphic mutation, causes an increase in susceptibility to
age-related hearing loss in many inbred strains. We produced congenic mice by crossing
mice carrying the v niigata (Cdh23v-ngt) null
allele with mice carrying the hypomorphic Cdh23ahl allele on
the C57BL/6J background, and we then analyzed the animals’ balance and hearing phenotypes.
Although the
Cdh23v-ngt/ahl
compound heterozygous mice exhibited normal vestibular function, their hearing ability was
abnormal: the mice exhibited higher thresholds of auditory brainstem response (ABR) and
rapid age-dependent elevation of ABR thresholds compared with
Cdh23ahl/ahl
homozygous mice. We found that the stereocilia developed normally but were progressively
disrupted in
Cdh23v-ngt/ahl mice.
In hair cells, CDH23 localizes to the tip links of stereocilia, which are thought to gate
the mechanoelectrical transduction channels in hair cells. We hypothesize that the
reduction of Cdh23 gene dosage in
Cdh23v-ngt/ahl mice
leads to the degeneration of stereocilia, which consequently reduces tip link tension.
These findings indicate that CDH23 plays an important role in the maintenance of tip links
during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Miyasaka
- Mammalian Genetics Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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Miller KA, Williams LH, Dahl HHM, Manji SSM. Eeyore: a novel mouse model of hereditary deafness. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74243. [PMID: 24086324 PMCID: PMC3781070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models that recapitulate human disease are proving to be an invaluable tool in the identification of novel disease-associated genes. These models can improve our understanding of the complex genetic mechanisms involved in disease and provide a basis to guide therapeutic strategies to combat these conditions. We have identified a novel mouse model of non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss with linkage to a region on chromosome 18. Eeyore mutant mice have early onset progressive hearing impairment and show abnormal structure of the sensory epithelium from as early as 4 weeks of age. Ultrastructural and histological analyses show irregular hair cell structure and degeneration of the sensory hair bundles in the cochlea. The identification of new genes involved in hearing is central to understanding the complex genetic pathways involved in the hearing process and the loci at which these pathways are interrupted in people with a genetic hearing loss. We therefore discuss possible candidate genes within the linkage region identified in eeyore that may underlie the deafness phenotype in these mice. Eeyore provides a new model of hereditary sensorineural deafness and will be an important tool in the search for novel deafness genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A. Miller
- Genetic Hearing Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Louise H. Williams
- Genetic Hearing Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hans-Henrik M. Dahl
- Genetic Hearing Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The HEARing CRC, Audiology, Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shehnaaz S. M. Manji
- Genetic Hearing Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The HEARing CRC, Audiology, Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Apostolopoulou M, Ligon L. Cadherin-23 mediates heterotypic cell-cell adhesion between breast cancer epithelial cells and fibroblasts. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33289. [PMID: 22413011 PMCID: PMC3296689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the early stages of breast cancer metastasis, epithelial cells penetrate the basement membrane and invade the surrounding stroma, where they encounter fibroblasts. Paracrine signaling between fibroblasts and epithelial tumor cells contributes to the metastatic cascade, but little is known about the role of adhesive contacts between these two cell types in metastasis. Here we show that MCF-7 breast cancer epithelial cells and normal breast fibroblasts form heterotypic adhesions when grown together in co-culture, as evidenced by adhesion assays. PCR and immunoblotting show that both cell types express multiple members of the cadherin superfamily, including the atypical cadherin, cadherin-23, when grown in isolation and in co-culture. Immunocytochemistry experiments show that cadherin-23 localizes to homotypic adhesions between MCF-7 cells and also to heterotypic adhesions between the epithelial cells and fibroblasts, and antibody inhibition and RNAi experiments show that cadherin-23 plays a role in mediating these adhesive interactions. Finally, we show that cadherin-23 is upregulated in breast cancer tissue samples, and we hypothesize that heterotypic adhesions mediated by this atypical cadherin may play a role in the early stages of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Apostolopoulou
- Department of Biology and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
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Moriyama K, Hanai A, Mekada K, Yoshiki A, Ogiwara K, Kimura A, Takahashi T. Kbus/Idr, a mutant mouse strain with skeletal abnormalities and hypophosphatemia: identification as an allele of 'Hyp'. J Biomed Sci 2011; 18:60. [PMID: 21854633 PMCID: PMC3175157 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-18-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The endopeptidase encoded by Phex (phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases linked to the X chromosome) is critical for regulation of bone matrix mineralization and phosphate homeostasis. PHEX has been identified from analyses of human X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and Hyp mutant mouse models. We here demonstrated a newly established dwarfism-like Kbus/Idr mouse line to be a novel Hyp model. Methods Histopathological and X-ray examination with cross experiments were performed to characterize Kbus/Idr. RT-PCR-based and exon-directed PCR screening performed to identify the presence of genetic alteration. Biochemical assays were also performed to evaluate activity of alkaline phosphatase. Results Kbus/Idr, characterized by bone mineralization defects, was found to be inherited in an X chromosome-linked dominant manner. RT-PCR experiments showed that a novel mutation spanning exon 16 and 18 causing hypophosphatemic rickets. Alkaline phosphatase activity, as an osteoblast marker, demonstrated raised levels in the bone marrow of Kbus/Idr independent of the age. Conclusions Kbus mice should serve as a useful research tool exploring molecular mechanisms underlying aberrant Phex-associated pathophysiological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Moriyama
- Department of Medicine & Clinical Science, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan.
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Manji SSM, Miller KA, Williams LH, Andreasen L, Siboe M, Rose E, Bahlo M, Kuiper M, Dahl HHM. An ENU-induced mutation of Cdh23 causes congenital hearing loss, but no vestibular dysfunction, in mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:903-14. [PMID: 21689626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the human cadherin 23 (CDH23) gene cause deafness, neurosensory, autosomal recessive 12 (DFNB12) nonsyndromic hearing loss or Usher syndrome, type 1D (characterized by hearing impairment, vestibular dysfunction, and visual impairment). Reported waltzer mouse strains each harbor a Cdh23-null mutation and present with hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. Two additional Cdh23 mouse mutants, salsa and erlong, each carry a homozygous Cdh23 missense mutation and have progressive hearing loss. We report the identification of a novel mouse strain, jera, with inherited hearing loss caused by an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced c.7079T>A mutation in the Cdh23 gene. The mutation generates a missense change, p.V2360E, in Cdh23. Affected mice have profound sensorineural deafness, with no vestibular dysfunction. The p.V2360E mutation is semidominant because heterozygous mice have milder and more progressive hearing loss in advanced age. The mutation affects a highly conserved Ca(2+)-binding motif in extracellular domain 22, thought to be important for Cdh23 structure and dimerization. Molecular modeling suggests that the Cdh23(V2360E/V2360E) mutation alters the structural conformation of the protein and affects Ca(2+)-binding properties. Similar to salsa mice, but in contrast to waltzer mice, hair bundle development is normal in jera and hearing loss appears to be due to the loss of tip links. Thus, jera is a novel mouse model for DFNB12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehnaaz S M Manji
- Genetic Hearing Research Laboratory, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Yonezawa S, Hanai A, Mutoh N, Moriyama A, Kageyama T. Redox-dependent structural ambivalence of the cytoplasmic domain in the inner ear-specific cadherin 23 isoform. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 366:92-7. [PMID: 18053802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cadherin 23 (Cdh23), an essential factor in inner ear mechano-electric transduction, exists in two alternatively spliced forms, Cdh23(+68) and Cdh23(-68), depending on the presence and absence of exon 68. Cdh23(+68) is inner ear-specific. The exon 68-corresponding region confers an alpha-helical configuration upon the cytoplasmic domain (Cy) and includes a cysteine residue, Cys(3240). We demonstrate here that Cy(+68) as well as the transmembrane (TM) plus Cy(+68) region is present in two different forms in transfected cells, reduced and non-reduced, the latter existing in more compact configuration than the former. The observed characteristic of Cy(+68) was completely abolished by Cys(3240)Ala substitution. Treatment of TMCy(+68)-transfected cells with diethyl maleate, a glutathione depleting reagent, resulted in conversion of the non-reduced to the reduced form of TMCy(+68), suggesting glutathione to be a Cys(3240)-binding partner. Multiple alignment of mammalian Cdh23Cy sequences indicated the occurrence of conformation-inducible Cys in Cdh23Cy of mammals, but not lower vertebrates. The implications of Cys-dependent structural ambivalence of Cdh23 in inner ear mechanosensation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yonezawa
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan
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Wagatsuma M, Kitoh R, Suzuki H, Fukuoka H, Takumi Y, Usami S. Distribution and frequencies of CDH23 mutations in Japanese patients with non-syndromic hearing loss. Clin Genet 2007; 72:339-44. [PMID: 17850630 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00833.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the CDH23 gene are known to be responsible for both Usher syndrome type ID (USH1D) and non-syndromic hearing loss (DFNB12), and the molecular confirmation of the CDH23 gene has become important in the diagnosis of these conditions. The present study was performed to find whether the CDH23 mutations are also responsible for non-syndromic hearing loss in patients in the Japanese population. A total of 51 sequence variants were found in 64 Japanese probands with non-syndromic sensorineural hearing impairment from autosomal recessive families. Among them, at least four missense mutations in six patients from five families were confirmed to be responsible for deafness by segregation study. All mutations detected were missense mutations, corroborating the previous reports regarding DFNB12. The present data confirmed that CDH23 mutations are frequently found and significantly responsible in Japanese. Interestingly, the CDH23 mutation spectrum in Japanese is very different from that found in Caucasians. This Japanese spectrum may be representative of those in Eastern Asian populations and its elucidation is expected to facilitate the molecular diagnosis of DFNB12 and USH1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wagatsuma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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