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Nigro E, Amicone M, D'Arco D, Sellitti G, De Marco O, Guarino M, Riccio E, Pisani A, Daniele A. Molecular Diagnosis and Identification of Novel Pathogenic Variants in a Large Cohort of Italian Patients Affected by Polycystic Kidney Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1236. [PMID: 37372416 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Kidney Diseases (PKDs) consist of a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous group of inherited disorders characterized by numerous renal cysts. PKDs include autosomal dominant ADPKD, autosomal recessive ARPKD and atypical forms. Here, we analyzed 255 Italian patients using an NGS panel of 63 genes, plus Sanger sequencing of exon 1 of the PKD1 gene and MPLA (PKD1, PKD2 and PKHD1) analysis. Overall, 167 patients bore pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in dominant genes, and 5 patients in recessive genes. Four patients were carriers of one pathogenic/likely pathogenic recessive variant. A total of 24 patients had a VUS variant in dominant genes, 8 patients in recessive genes and 15 patients were carriers of one VUS variant in recessive genes. Finally, in 32 patients we could not reveal any variant. Regarding the global diagnostic status, 69% of total patients bore pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants, 18.4% VUS variants and in 12.6% of patients we could not find any. PKD1 and PKD2 resulted to be the most mutated genes; additional genes were UMOD and GANAB. Among recessive genes, PKHD1 was the most mutated gene. An analysis of eGFR values showed that patients with truncating variants had a more severe phenotype. In conclusion, our study confirmed the high degree of genetic complexity at the basis of PKDs and highlighted the crucial role of molecular characterization in patients with suspicious clinical diagnosis. An accurate and early molecular diagnosis is essential to adopt the appropriate therapeutic protocol and represents a predictive factor for family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersilia Nigro
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl "Franco Salvatore", Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Amicone
- Unità di Nefrologia, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela D'Arco
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl "Franco Salvatore", Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gina Sellitti
- Unità di Nefrologia, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Oriana De Marco
- Unità di Nefrologia, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Guarino
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Riccio
- Unità di Nefrologia, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Unità di Nefrologia, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl "Franco Salvatore", Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Maser RL, Calvet JP, Parnell SC. The GPCR properties of polycystin-1- A new paradigm. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1035507. [PMID: 36406261 PMCID: PMC9672506 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1035507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystin-1 (PC1) is an 11-transmembrane (TM) domain-containing protein encoded by the PKD1 gene, the most frequently mutated gene leading to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). This large (> 462 kDal) protein has a complex posttranslational maturation process, with over five proteolytic cleavages having been described, and is found at multiple cellular locations. The initial description of the binding and activation of heterotrimeric Gαi/o by the juxtamembrane region of the PC1 cytosolic C-terminal tail (C-tail) more than 20 years ago opened the door to investigations, and controversies, into PC1's potential function as a novel G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Subsequent biochemical and cellular-based assays supported an ability of the PC1 C-tail to bind numerous members of the Gα protein family and to either inhibit or activate G protein-dependent pathways involved in the regulation of ion channel activity, transcription factor activation, and apoptosis. More recent work has demonstrated an essential role for PC1-mediated G protein regulation in preventing kidney cyst development; however, the mechanisms by which PC1 regulates G protein activity continue to be discovered. Similarities between PC1 and the adhesion class of 7-TM GPCRs, most notably a conserved GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) before the first TM domain, which undergoes autocatalyzed proteolytic cleavage, suggest potential mechanisms for PC1-mediated regulation of G protein signaling. This article reviews the evidence supporting GPCR-like functions of PC1 and their relevance to cystic disease, discusses the involvement of GPS cleavage and potential ligands in regulating PC1 GPCR function, and explores potential connections between PC1 GPCR-like activity and regulation of the channel properties of the polycystin receptor-channel complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L. Maser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - James P. Calvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Stephen C. Parnell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in Tunisia: From molecular genetics to the development of prognostic tools. Gene X 2022; 817:146174. [PMID: 35031424 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A high prevalence of genetic kidney disease in Tunisia has been detected, and their study provides very important clinical and genetic information. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality associated with the kidneys in Tunisia. We present here clinical and genetic characteristics of a cohort of Tunisian patients with ADPKD. Nineteen Tunisian patients with ADPKD, among 4 familial cases and 11 sporadic cases, and 50 Healthy individuals were included in this cohort. Genetic studies of PKD1/2 were carried on using Sanger sequencing and MLPA. In our study, the mean age at diagnosis was 47 ± 18 years. In addition, 84.21% of cases present a family history of ADPKD. Overall, 57.89% of the affected individuals had HTA and 26.31% patients had hematuria. 15.78 % of the patient has extra-renal cysts i.e. one patient with splenic cysts and two patients had liver cysts. 57.89 % of patients were diagnosed with various extra-renal clinical presentations i.e. myopia, hernia, deafness, intracranial aneurysm, respiratory distress, hyperthyroidism, urinary tract infection and lower back pains. The PKD1 genotype showed earlier onset of ESRD compared to PKD2 genotype (43 vs. 55 years old). Six mutations have been detected in PKD1 gene. Among them, three were novels e.g. c.688 T>G, p.C230G and c.690C>G, p.C230W among exon 5 and c.8522A>G, p.N2841S among exon 23. In addition, thirteen single nucleotides polymorphisms have been reported in PKD1 gene. Among them, eleven previously reported in heterozygous state and two novel single nucleotides polymorphisms in heterozygous and homozygous state and predicted to be probable polymorphisms by computational tools: c.496C>T, p.L166= among the exon 4, and c.10165G>C and p.E3389Gln among the exon 31. Only three single nucleotides polymorphisms previously reported in ADPKD database have been identified in PKD2 gene. The description and analysis of our cohort can help in rapid and reliable diagnosis for early management of patients in Tunisia. Indeed, predictive genetic testing can facilitate donor evaluation and increase living related kidney transplantation.
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Elhassan EAE, Murray SL, Connaughton DM, Kennedy C, Cormican S, Cowhig C, Stapleton C, Little MA, Kidd K, Bleyer AJ, Živná M, Kmoch S, Fennelly NK, Doyle B, Dorman A, Griffin MD, Casserly L, Harris PC, Hildebrandt F, Cavalleri GL, Benson KA, Conlon PJ. The utility of a genetic kidney disease clinic employing a broad range of genomic testing platforms: experience of the Irish Kidney Gene Project. J Nephrol 2022; 35:1655-1665. [PMID: 35099770 PMCID: PMC9300532 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-021-01236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Genetic testing presents a unique opportunity for diagnosis and management of genetic kidney diseases (GKD). Here, we describe the clinical utility and valuable impact of a specialized GKD clinic, which uses a variety of genomic sequencing strategies. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, we undertook genetic testing in adults with suspected GKD according to prespecified criteria. Over 7 years, patients were referred from tertiary centres across Ireland to an academic medical centre as part of the Irish Kidney Gene Project. RESULTS Among 677 patients, the mean age was of 37.2 ± 13 years, and 73.9% of the patients had family history of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We achieved a molecular diagnostic rate of 50.9%. Four genes accounted for more than 70% of identified pathogenic variants: PKD1 and PKD2 (n = 186, 53.4%), MUC1 (8.9%), and COL4A5 (8.3%). In 162 patients with a genetic diagnosis, excluding PKD1/PKD2, the a priori diagnosis was confirmed in 58% and in 13% the diagnosis was reclassified. A genetic diagnosis was established in 22 (29.7%) patients with CKD of uncertain aetiology. Based on genetic testing, a diagnostic kidney biopsy was unnecessary in 13 (8%) patients. Presence of family history of CKD and the underlying a priori diagnosis were independent predictors (P < 0.001) of a positive genetic diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS A dedicated GKD clinic is a valuable resource, and its implementation of various genomic strategies has resulted in a direct, demonstrable clinical and therapeutic benefits to affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elhussein A E Elhassan
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. .,Department of Medicine, Dublin, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Susan L Murray
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medicine, Dublin, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dervla M Connaughton
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Claire Kennedy
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Cormican
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cliona Cowhig
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caragh Stapleton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark A Little
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James' Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Kendrah Kidd
- Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anthony J Bleyer
- Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Martina Živná
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kmoch
- Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Brendan Doyle
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anthony Dorman
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew D Griffin
- Nephrology Department, Galway University Hospitals, Saolta University Healthcare Group, Galway, Ireland.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Liam Casserly
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Peter C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Paediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gianpiero L Cavalleri
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katherine A Benson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter J Conlon
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medicine, Dublin, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Nephroplex: a kidney-focused NGS panel highlights the challenges of PKD1 sequencing and identifies a founder BBS4 mutation. J Nephrol 2021; 34:1855-1874. [PMID: 33964006 PMCID: PMC8610957 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-021-01048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Genetic testing of patients with inherited kidney diseases has emerged as a tool of clinical utility by improving the patients’ diagnosis, prognosis, surveillance and therapy. Methods The present study applied a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)-based panel, named NephroPlex, testing 115 genes causing renal diseases, to 119 individuals, including 107 probands and 12 relatives. Thirty-five (poly)cystic and 72 non (poly)cystic individuals were enrolled. The latter subgroup of patients included Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) patients, as major components. Results Disease-causing mutations were identified in 51.5 and 40% of polycystic and non-polycystic individuals, respectively. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients with truncating PKD1 variants showed a trend towards a greater slope of the age-estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) regression line than patients with (i) missense variants, (ii) any PKD2 mutations and (iii) no detected mutations, according to previous findings. The analysis of BBS individuals showed a similar frequency of BBS4,9,10 and 12 mutations. Of note, all BBS4-mutated patients harbored the novel c.332+1G>GTT variant, which was absent in public databases, however, in our internal database, an additional heterozygote carrier was found. All BBS4-mutated individuals originated from the same geographical area encompassing the coastal provinces of Naples. Discussion In conclusion, these findings indicate the potential for a genetic panel to provide useful information at both clinical and epidemiological levels. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40620-021-01048-4.
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Dong K, Liu X, Jia X, Miao H, Ji W, Wu J, Huang Y, Xu L, Zhang X, Su H, Ji G, Liu P, Guan R, Bai J, Fu S, Zhou X, Sun W. Disease causing property analyzation of variants in 12 Chinese families with polycystic kidney disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1467. [PMID: 32970388 PMCID: PMC7667323 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited disease that is life‐threatening. Multiple cysts are present in the bilateral kidneys of PKD patients. The progressively enlarged cysts cause structural damage and loss of kidney function. Methods This study examined and analyzed 12 families with polycystic kidney disease. Whole exome sequencing (WES) or whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the probands was performed to detect the pathogenic genes. The candidate gene segments for lineal consanguinity in the family were amplified by the nest PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. The variants were assessed by pathogenic and conservational property prediction analysis and interpreted according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. Results Nine of the 12 pedigrees were identified the disease causing variants. Among them, four novel variants in PKD1, c.6930delG:p.C2311Vfs*3, c.1216T>C:p.C406R, c.8548T>C:p.S2850P, and c.3865G>A:p.V1289M (NM_001009944.2) were detected. After assessment, the four novel variants were considered to be pathogenic variants and cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in family. The detected variants were interpreted. Conclusion The four novel variants in PKD1, c.6930delG:p.C2311Vfs*3, c.1216T>C:p.C406R, c.8548T>C:p.S2850P, and c.3865G>A:p.V1289M (NM_001009944.2) are pathogenic variants and cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexian Dong
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueyuan Jia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huanhuan Miao
- In-Patient Ultrasound Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lidan Xu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuelong Zhang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Su
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guohua Ji
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rongwei Guan
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Songbin Fu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xianli Zhou
- In-Patient Ultrasound Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Abdelwahed M, Hilbert P, Ahmed A, Dey M, Kamoun H, Ammar-Keskes L, Belguith N. Detection of a novel mutation in a Tunisian child with polycystic kidney disease. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1799-1806. [PMID: 32472977 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the most common monogenic disease that has an adverse impact on the patients' health and quality of life. ADPKD is usually known as "adult-type disease," but rare cases have been reported in pediatric patients. We present here a 2-year-old Tunisian girl with renal cyst formation and her mother with adult onset ADPKD. Disease-causing mutation has been searched in PKD1 and PKD2 using Long-Range and PCR followed by sequencing. Molecular sequencing displayed us to identify a novel likely pathogenic mutation (c.696 T > G; p.C232W, exon 5) in PKD1. The identified PKD1 mutation is inherited and unreported variant, which can alter the formation of intramolecular disulfide bonds essential for polycystin-1 function. We report here the first mutational study in pediatric patient with ADPKD in Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayssa Abdelwahed
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Pascale Hilbert
- Center of Human Genetics, Institute of Pathology and Genetics, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Asma Ahmed
- Nephrology and Hemodialyse Department, Mohamed Ben Sassi Hospital, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Dey
- Nephrology and Hemodialyse Department, Mohamed Ben Sassi Hospital, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Kamoun
- Medical Genetics Department, HediChaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Leila Ammar-Keskes
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Neïla Belguith
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Medical Genetics Department, HediChaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
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Kim H, Sung J, Kim H, Ryu H, Cho Park H, Oh YK, Lee HS, Oh KH, Ahn C. Expression and secretion of CXCL12 are enhanced in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 31186083 PMCID: PMC6675246 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.7.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), one of the most common human monogenic diseases (frequency of 1/1000-1/400), is characterized by numerous fluid-filled renal cysts (RCs). Inactivation of the PKD1 or PKD2 gene by germline and somatic mutations is necessary for cyst formation in ADPKD. To mechanistically understand cyst formation and growth, we isolated RCs from Korean patients with ADPKD and immortalized them with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Three hTERT-immortalized RC cell lines were characterized as proximal epithelial cells with germline and somatic PKD1 mutations. Thus, we first established hTERT-immortalized proximal cyst cells with somatic PKD1 mutations. Through transcriptome sequencing and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, we found that upregulated genes were related to cell division and that downregulated genes were related to cell differentiation. We wondered whether the upregulated gene for the chemokine CXCL12 is related to the mTOR signaling pathway in cyst growth in ADPKD. CXCL12 mRNA expression and secretion were increased in RC cell lines. We then examined CXCL12 levels in RC fluids from patients with ADPKD and found increased CXCL12 levels. The CXCL12 receptor CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) was upregulated, and the mTOR signaling pathway, which is downstream of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis, was activated in ADPKD kidney tissue. To confirm activation of the mTOR signaling pathway by CXCL12 via CXCR4, we treated the RC cell lines with recombinant CXCL12 and the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100; CXCL12 induced the mTOR signaling pathway, but the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 blocked the mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that enhanced CXCL12 in RC fluids activates the mTOR signaling pathway via CXCR4 in ADPKD cyst growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Kim
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Jinmo Sung
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Hyunsuk Kim
- Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hayne Cho Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07441, Korea
| | - Yun Kyu Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea
| | - Hyun-Seob Lee
- Genomics Core Facility, Department of Transdisciplinary Research and Collaboration, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Matsushima N, Takatsuka S, Miyashita H, Kretsinger RH. Leucine Rich Repeat Proteins: Sequences, Mutations, Structures and Diseases. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:108-131. [PMID: 30526451 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666181208170027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the genes encoding Leucine Rich Repeat (LRR) containing proteins are associated with over sixty human diseases; these include high myopia, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, and Crohn's disease. These mutations occur frequently within the LRR domains and within the regions that shield the hydrophobic core of the LRR domain. The amino acid sequences of fifty-five LRR proteins have been published. They include Nod-Like Receptors (NLRs) such as NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRP14, and Nod-2, Small Leucine Rich Repeat Proteoglycans (SLRPs) such as keratocan, lumican, fibromodulin, PRELP, biglycan, and nyctalopin, and F-box/LRR-repeat proteins such as FBXL2, FBXL4, and FBXL12. For example, 363 missense mutations have been identified. Replacement of arginine, proline, or cysteine by another amino acid, or the reverse, is frequently observed. The diverse effects of the mutations are discussed based on the known structures of LRR proteins. These mutations influence protein folding, aggregation, oligomerization, stability, protein-ligand interactions, disulfide bond formation, and glycosylation. Most of the mutations cause loss of function and a few, gain of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Matsushima
- Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.,Institute of Tandem Repeats, Noboribetsu 059-0464, Japan
| | - Shintaro Takatsuka
- Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miyashita
- Institute of Tandem Repeats, Noboribetsu 059-0464, Japan.,Hokubu Rinsho Co., Ltd, Sapporo 060-0061, Japan
| | - Robert H Kretsinger
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
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10
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Cornec-Le Gall E, Blais JD, Irazabal MV, Devuyst O, Gansevoort RT, Perrone RD, Chapman AB, Czerwiec FS, Ouyang J, Heyer CM, Senum SR, Le Meur Y, Torres VE, Harris PC. Can we further enrich autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease clinical trials for rapidly progressive patients? Application of the PROPKD score in the TEMPO trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:645-652. [PMID: 28992127 PMCID: PMC5888998 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The PROPKD score has been proposed to stratify the risk of progression to end-stage renal disease in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) subjects. We aimed to assess its prognostic value in a genotyped subgroup of subjects from the Tolvaptan Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety Study in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (TEMPO3/4) trial. Methods In the post hoc analysis, PKD1 and PKD2 were screened in 770 subjects and the PROPKD score was calculated in mutation-positive subjects (male: 1 point; hypertension <35 years: 2 points; first urologic event <35 years: 2 points; nontruncating PKD1 mutation: 2 points; truncating PKD1 mutation: 4 points). Subjects were classified into low-risk (LR; 0-3 points), intermediate-risk (IR; 4-6 points) and high-risk (HR; 7-9 points) groups. Results The PROPKD score was calculated in 749 subjects (LR = 132, IR = 344 and HR = 273); age was inversely related to risk (LR = 43.6 years, IR = 39.5 years, HR = 36.2 years; P < 0.001). Subjects from the HR group had significantly higher height-adjusted total kidney volume (TKV) and rates of TKV growth. While baseline renal function was similar across all risk groups, the rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline significantly increased from LR to HR in the placebo group. Tolvaptan treatment effectiveness to reduce TKV growth was similar in all three risk categories. While tolvaptan significantly slowed eGFR decline in the IR (tolvaptan = -2.34 versus placebo = -3.33 mL/min/1.73 m2/year; P = 0.008) and HR groups (tolvaptan = -2.74 versus placebo = -3.94 mL/min/1.73 m2/year; P = 0.002), there was no difference in the LR group (tolvaptan = -2.35 versus placebo = -2.50 mL/min/1.73 m2/year; P = 0.72). Excluding the LR subjects from the analysis improved the apparent treatment effect of tolvaptan on eGFR decline. Conclusion This study confirms the prognostic value of the PROPKD score and suggests that it could reduce costs and enhance endpoint sensitivity by enriching future study populations for rapidly progressing ADPKD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Cornec-Le Gall
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.,European University of Western Brittany, CHU Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Maria V Irazabal
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- Institute of Nephrology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Christina M Heyer
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Sarah R Senum
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Yannick Le Meur
- European University of Western Brittany, CHU Brest, Brest, France
| | - Vicente E Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Peter C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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11
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Bialleleic PKD1 mutations underlie early-onset autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Saudi Arabian families. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:1615-1623. [PMID: 31079206 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-019-04267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is one of the most common genetic renal diseases and may be inherited in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive pattern. Pathogenic variants in two major genes, PKD1 and PKD2, and two rarer genes, GANAB and DNAJB11, cause autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD). Early onset and severe PKD can occur with PKD1 and PKD2 pathogenic variants and such phenotypes may be modified by second alleles inherited in trans. Homozygous or compound heterozygous hypomorphic PKD1 variants may also cause a moderate to severe disease PKD phenotype. METHODS Targeted renal gene panel followed by Sanger sequencing of PKD1 gene were employed to investigate molecular causes in early onset PKD patients. RESULTS In this study, we report four consanguineous Saudi Arabian families with early onset PKD which were associated with biallelic variants in PKD1 gene. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm that PKD1 alleles may combine to produce severe paediatric onset PKD mimicking the more severe autosomal recessive ciliopathy syndromes associated with PKD. Screening of parents of such children may also reveal subclinical PKD phenotypes.
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12
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Bitarafan F, Garshasbi M. Molecular genetic analysis of polycystic kidney disease 1 and polycystic kidney disease 2 mutations in pedigrees with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 24:44. [PMID: 31160911 PMCID: PMC6540774 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_835_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of polycystin-1 or polycystin-2, the proteins encoded by polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) and PKD2, respectively, are the cause of autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD). This genetically heterogeneous monogenic disorder is the most common inherited kidney disease. The disease manifests are progressive cyst growth, renal enlargement, and renal failure, due to abnormal proliferation of kidney tubular epithelium. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, mutation analysis of PKD1 and PKD2 genes in nine Iranian families was performed using next-generation sequencing. All patients met the diagnostic criteria of ADPKD. RESULTS Mutations were found in all 9 families in PKD1 gene, comprising 2 novel and 7 previously reported mutations. No mutation in PKD2 was identified. CONCLUSION Finding more mutations and expanding the spectrum of PKD1 and PKD2 mutations can increase the diagnostic value of molecular testing in the screening of ADPKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bitarafan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Teheran, Iran
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Teheran, Iran
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13
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He WB, Xiao WJ, Tan YQ, Zhao XM, Li W, Zhang QJ, Zhong CG, Li XR, Hu L, Lu GX, Lin G, Du J. Novel mutations of PKD genes in Chinese patients suffering from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and seeking assisted reproduction. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:186. [PMID: 30333007 PMCID: PMC6192368 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0693-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the commonest inherited kidney disease, is generally caused by heterozygous mutations in PKD1, PKD2, or GANAB (PKD3). Methods We performed mutational analyses of PKD genes to identify causative mutations. A set of 90 unrelated families with ADPKD were subjected to mutational analyses of PKD genes. Genes were analysed using long-range PCR (LR-PCR), direct PCR sequencing, followed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) or screening of GANAB for some patients. Semen quality was assessed for 46 male patients, and the correlation between mutations and male infertility was analysed. Results A total of 76 mutations, including 38 novel mutations, were identified in 77 families, comprising 72 mutations in PKD1 and 4 in PKD2, with a positive detection rate of 85.6%. No pathogenic mutations of GANAB were detected. Thirty-seven patients had low semen quality and were likely to be infertile. No association was detected between PKD1 mutation type and semen quality. However, male patients carrying a pathogenic mutation in the Ig-like repeat domain of PKD1 had a high risk of infertility. Conclusion Our study identified a group of novel mutations in PKD genes, which enrich the PKD mutation spectrum and might help clinicians to make precise diagnoses, thereby allowing better family planning and genetic counselling. Men with ADPKD accompanied by infertility should consider intracytoplasmic sperm injection combined with preimplantation genetic diagnosis to achieve paternity and obtain healthy progeny. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-018-0693-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin He
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Juan Xiao
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Qiu Tan
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Meng Zhao
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Gao Zhong
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Rong Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Hu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Xiu Lu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Du
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China. .,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Raza SI, Behzadi AH, Blumenfeld JD, Girardi SK, Prince MR. Bladder diverticuli following injection of onabotulinum toxin A in a patient with multiple sclerosis and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Radiol Case Rep 2018; 13:1021-1024. [PMID: 30228836 PMCID: PMC6137336 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder diverticuli identified following Botox treatment of neurogenic bladder. Magnetic resonance imaging is useful to detect bladder diverticuli following Botox injections. Magnetic resonance imaging following Botox treatment of neurogenic bladder may be helpful.
Urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity is common in patients with disorders of lower motor neurons controlling the bladder. Multiple sclerosis is a major cause of neurogenic detrusor overactivity, which negatively impacts quality of life. Bladder wall injection of onabotulinum toxin A can diminish spontaneous bladder contraction, urinary urgency, and urge incontinence. Herein we report a 61-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with bladder trabeculation developing after repeated injections of onabotulinum toxin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Imran Raza
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College & New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jon D. Blumenfeld
- The Rogosin Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah K. Girardi
- Department of Urology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin R. Prince
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College & New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell University, 416 East 55th Street, New York, NY 10022, USA.
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15
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Zhang W, Stephens CJ, Blumenfeld JD, Behzadi AH, Donahue S, Bobb WO, Newhouse JH, Rennert H, Zhao Y, Prince MR. Relationship of Seminal Megavesicles, Prostate Median Cysts, and Genotype in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 49:894-903. [PMID: 30230107 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) can involve prostate and seminal vesicles but the potential interrelationship of these findings and associations with PKD gene mutation locus and type is unknown. PURPOSE To determine the interrelationship of seminal megavesicles (seminal vesicles with lumen diameter > 10mm) and prostatic cysts in ADPKD and to determine whether there are associations with PKD gene mutations. STUDY TYPE Retrospective, case control. POPULATION Male ADPKD subjects (n = 92) with mutations in PKD1 (n = 71; 77%) or PKD2 (n = 21; 23%), and age/gender-matched controls without ADPKD (n = 92). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 1.5T, axial/coronal T2 -weighted MR images. ASSESSMENT Reviewers blinded to genotype independently measured seminal vesicle lumen diameter and prevalence of cysts in prostate, kidney, and liver. STATISTICAL TESTS Nonparametric tests for group comparisons and univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify associations of megavesicles and prostate median cysts with mutations and renal/hepatic cyst burden. RESULTS Seminal megavesicles were found in 23 of 92 ADPKD (25%) subjects with PKD1 (22/71, 31%) or PKD2 (n = 1/21, 5%) mutations, but in only two control subjects (P < 0.0001). Prostate median cysts were found in 17/92 (18%) ADPKD subjects, compared with only 6/92 (7%) controls (P = 0.01), and were correlated with seminal vesicle diameters (ρ = 0.24, P = 0.02). Nonmedian prostate cyst prevalence was identical between ADPKD and controls (7/92, 8%). After adjusting for age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and height-adjusted total kidney volume, ADPKD subjects with megavesicles were 10 times more likely to have a PKD1 than a PKD2 mutation. Among PKD1 subjects, seminal megavesicles occurred more frequently with nontruncating mutations with less severe kidney involvement. DATA CONCLUSION ADPKD is associated with prostate median cysts near ejaculatory ducts. These cysts correlate with seminal megavesicles (dilated to >10 mm) which predict a 10-fold greater likelihood of PKD1 vs. PKD2 mutation. Cysts elsewhere in the prostate are not related to ADPKD. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:894-903.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chelsea J Stephens
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jon D Blumenfeld
- Rogosin Institute, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Hanna Rennert
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yize Zhao
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Martin R Prince
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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16
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Abdelwahed M, Hilbert P, Ahmed A, Mahfoudh H, Bouomrani S, Dey M, Hachicha J, Kamoun H, Keskes-Ammar L, Belguith N. Mutational analysis in patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD): Identification of five mutations in the PKD1 gene. Gene 2018; 671:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Su Q, Hu F, Ge X, Lei J, Yu S, Wang T, Zhou Q, Mei C, Shi Y. Structure of the human PKD1-PKD2 complex. Science 2018; 361:science.aat9819. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat9819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in two genes, PKD1 and PKD2, account for most cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, one of the most common monogenetic disorders. Here we report the 3.6-angstrom cryo–electron microscopy structure of truncated human PKD1-PKD2 complex assembled in a 1:3 ratio. PKD1 contains a voltage-gated ion channel (VGIC) fold that interacts with PKD2 to form the domain-swapped, yet noncanonical, transient receptor potential (TRP) channel architecture. The S6 helix in PKD1 is broken in the middle, with the extracellular half, S6a, resembling pore helix 1 in a typical TRP channel. Three positively charged, cavity-facing residues on S6b may block cation permeation. In addition to the VGIC, a five–transmembrane helix domain and a cytosolic PLAT domain were resolved in PKD1. The PKD1-PKD2 complex structure establishes a framework for dissecting the function and disease mechanisms of the PKD proteins.
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18
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Tan AY, Zhang T, Michaeel A, Blumenfeld J, Liu G, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Rennert L, Martin C, Xiang J, Salvatore SP, Robinson BD, Kapur S, Donahue S, Bobb WO, Rennert H. Somatic Mutations in Renal Cyst Epithelium in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:2139-2156. [PMID: 30042192 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017080878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a ciliopathy caused by mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 that is characterized by renal tubular epithelial cell proliferation and progressive CKD. Although the molecular mechanisms involved in cystogenesis are not established, concurrent inactivating constitutional and somatic mutations in ADPKD genes in cyst epithelium have been proposed as a cellular recessive mechanism. METHODS We characterized, by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and long-range PCR techniques, the somatic mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 genes in renal epithelial cells from 83 kidney cysts obtained from nine patients with ADPKD, for whom a constitutional mutation in PKD1 or PKD2 was identified. RESULTS Complete sequencing data by long-range PCR and WES was available for 63 and 65 cysts, respectively. Private somatic mutations of PKD1 or PKD2 were identified in all patients and in 90% of the cysts analyzed; 90% of these mutations were truncating, splice site, or in-frame variations predicted to be pathogenic mutations. No trans-heterozygous mutations of PKD1 or PKD2 genes were identified. Copy number changes of PKD1 ranging from 151 bp to 28 kb were observed in 12% of the cysts. WES also identified significant mutations in 53 non-PKD1/2 genes, including other ciliopathy genes and cancer-related genes. CONCLUSIONS These findings support a cellular recessive mechanism for cyst formation in ADPKD caused primarily by inactivating constitutional and somatic mutations of PKD1 or PKD2 in kidney cyst epithelium. The potential interactions of these genes with other ciliopathy- and cancer-related genes to influence ADPKD severity merits further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Y Tan
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Microbiology and Immunology
| | | | | | - Jon Blumenfeld
- Medicine, and.,The Rogosin Institute, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and
| | - Genyan Liu
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | | | | | - Yi Zhu
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Lior Rennert
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Che Martin
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Sandip Kapur
- Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Stephanie Donahue
- The Rogosin Institute, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and
| | - Warren O Bobb
- The Rogosin Institute, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and
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19
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Ranjzad F, Aghdami N, Tara A, Mohseni M, Moghadasali R, Basiri A. Identification of Three Novel Frameshift Mutations in the PKD1 Gene in Iranian Families with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Using Efficient Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing. Kidney Blood Press Res 2018; 43:471-478. [PMID: 29590654 DOI: 10.1159/000488471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common inherited cystic kidney diseases caused by mutations in two large multi-exon genes, PKD1 and PKD2. High allelic heterogeneity and duplication of PKD1 exons 1-32 as six pseudo genes on chromosome 16 complicate molecular analysis of this disease. METHODS We applied targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 9 non-consanguineous unrelated Iranian families with ADPKD to identify the genes hosting disease-causing mutations. This approach was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Here, we determined three different novel frameshift mutations and four previously reported nonsense mutations in the PKD1 gene encoding polycystin1 in heterozygotes. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the effectiveness of NGS in significantly reducing the cost and time for simultaneous sequence analysis of PKD1 and PKD2, simplifying the genetic diagnostics of ADPKD. Although a probable correlation between the mutation types and phenotypic outcome is possible, however for more extensive studies in future, the consideration of renal hypouricemia (RHUC) and PKD1 coexistence may be helpful. The novel frameshift mutations reported by this study are p. Q1997X, P. D73X and p. V336X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Ranjzad
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tara
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mohseni
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Basiri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Huang J, Zhou S, Niu X, Hu B, Li Q, Zhang F, Zhang X, Cai X, Lou Y, Liu F, Xu C, Wang Y. Generation of special autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease iPSCs with the capability of functional kidney-like cell differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:196. [PMID: 28927462 PMCID: PMC5606115 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been verified as a powerful cell model for the study of pathogenesis in hereditary disease. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by mutations of PKD or non-PKD genes. The pathogenesis of ADPKD remains unexplored because of the lack of a true human cell model. METHODS Six ADPKD patients and four healthy individuals were recruited as donors of somatic cells from a Chinese ADPKD family without mutations of the PKD genes but carrying SAMSN1 gene deletion. The ADPKD-iPSCs were generated from somatic cells and were induced into kidney-like cells (KLCs) by a novel three-step method involving cytokines and renal epithelium growth medium. Furthermore, we analyzed functional properties of these KLCs by water transportation and albumin absorption assays. RESULTS We successfully generated iPSCs from ADPKD patients and differentiated them into KLCs that showed morphological and functional characteristics of human kidney cells. Further, we also found that ADPKD-iPSC-KLCs had a significantly higher rate of apoptosis and a significantly lower capacity for water transportation and albumin absorption compared to healthy sibling-derived differentiated KLCs. Furthermore, knockdown of SAMSN1 in control iPSCs may attenuate differentiation and/or function of KLCs. CONCLUSIONS These data show that we have created the first iPSCs established from ADPKD patients without mutations in the PKD genes, and suggest that the deletion mutation of SAMSN1 might be involved in the differentiation and/or function of KLCs. ADPKD-iPSC-KLCs can be used as a versatile model system for the study of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Huang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumin Zhou
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Niu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanlei Lou
- Institute of Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Liu
- Institute of Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenming Xu
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong, University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Borràs DM, Vossen RHAM, Liem M, Buermans HPJ, Dauwerse H, van Heusden D, Gansevoort RT, den Dunnen JT, Janssen B, Peters DJM, Losekoot M, Anvar SY. Detecting PKD1 variants in polycystic kidney disease patients by single-molecule long-read sequencing. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:870-879. [PMID: 28378423 PMCID: PMC5488171 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A genetic diagnosis of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is challenging due to allelic heterogeneity, high GC content, and homology of the PKD1 gene with six pseudogenes. Short-read next-generation sequencing approaches, such as whole-genome sequencing and whole-exome sequencing, often fail at reliably characterizing complex regions such as PKD1. However, long-read single-molecule sequencing has been shown to be an alternative strategy that could overcome PKD1 complexities and discriminate between homologous regions of PKD1 and its pseudogenes. In this study, we present the increased power of resolution for complex regions using long-read sequencing to characterize a cohort of 19 patients with ADPKD. Our approach provided high sensitivity in identifying PKD1 pathogenic variants, diagnosing 94.7% of the patients. We show that reliable screening of ADPKD patients in a single test without interference of PKD1 homologous sequences, commonly introduced by residual amplification of PKD1 pseudogenes, by direct long-read sequencing is now possible. This strategy can be implemented in diagnostics and is highly suitable to sequence and resolve complex genomic regions that are of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Borràs
- GenomeScan B.V, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Rolf H A M Vossen
- Leiden Genome Technology Center (LGTC), Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Liem
- Leiden Genome Technology Center (LGTC), Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P J Buermans
- Leiden Genome Technology Center (LGTC), Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Dauwerse
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dave van Heusden
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan T den Dunnen
- Leiden Genome Technology Center (LGTC), Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dorien J M Peters
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Losekoot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Seyed Yahya Anvar
- Leiden Genome Technology Center (LGTC), Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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System analysis of gene mutations and clinical phenotype in Chinese patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35945. [PMID: 27782177 PMCID: PMC5080601 DOI: 10.1038/srep35945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disorder mainly caused by mutation in PKD1/PKD2. However, ethnic differences in mutations, the association between mutation genotype/clinical phenotype, and the clinical applicable value of mutation detection are poorly understood. We made systematically analysis of Chinese ADPKD patients based on a next-generation sequencing platform. Among 148 ADPKD patients enrolled, 108 mutations were detected in 127 patients (85.8%). Compared with mutations in Caucasian published previously, the PKD2 mutation detection rate was lower, and patients carrying the PKD2 mutation invariably carried the PKD1 mutation. The definite pathogenic mutation detection rate was lower, whereas the multiple mutations detection rate was higher in Chinese patients. Then, we correlated PKD1/PKD2 mutation data and clinical data: patients with mutation exhibited a more severe phenotype; patients with >1 mutations exhibited a more severe phenotype; patients with pathogenic mutations exhibited a more severe phenotype. Thus, the PKD1/PKD2 mutation status differed by ethnicity, and the PKD1/PKD2 genotype may affect the clinical phenotype of ADPKD. Furthermore, it makes sense to detect PKD1/PKD2 mutation status for early diagnosis and prognosis, perhaps as early as the embryo/zygote stage, to facilitate early clinical intervention and family planning.
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23
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Kim S, Nie H, Nesin V, Tran U, Outeda P, Bai CX, Keeling J, Maskey D, Watnick T, Wessely O, Tsiokas L. The polycystin complex mediates Wnt/Ca(2+) signalling. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:752-764. [PMID: 27214281 PMCID: PMC4925210 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
WNT ligands induce Ca2+ signaling on target cells. PKD1 (Polycystin 1) is considered an orphan, atypical G protein coupled receptor complexed with TRPP2 (Polycystin 2 or PKD2), a Ca2+-permeable ion channel. Inactivating mutations in their genes cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), one of the most common genetic diseases. Here, we show that WNTs bind to the extracellular domain of PKD1 and induce whole cell currents and Ca2+ influx dependent on TRPP2. Pathogenic PKD1 or PKD2 mutations that abrogate complex formation, compromise cell surface expression of PKD1, or reduce TRPP2 channel activity suppress activation by WNTs. Pkd2−/− fibroblasts lack WNT-induced Ca2+ currents and are unable to polarize during directed cell migration. In Xenopus embryos, PKD1, Dishevelled 2 (DVL2), and WNT9A act within the same pathway to preserve normal tubulogenesis. These data define PKD1 as a WNT (co)receptor and implicate defective WNT/Ca2+ signaling as one of the causes of ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokho Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, Liaoning Shenyang, 110001 China (H.N)
| | - Vasyl Nesin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Uyen Tran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/NC10, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Patricia Outeda
- Division of Nephrology, Baltimore PKD Research and Clinical Core Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Chang-Xi Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Advanced Research on Mongolian Medicine, Research Institute for Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, China (CB)
| | - Jacob Keeling
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Dipak Maskey
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Terry Watnick
- Division of Nephrology, Baltimore PKD Research and Clinical Core Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Oliver Wessely
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/NC10, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Leonidas Tsiokas
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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24
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McGraw NJ, Krul ES, Grunz-Borgmann E, Parrish AR. Soy-based renoprotection. World J Nephrol 2016; 5:233-257. [PMID: 27152261 PMCID: PMC4848148 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v5.i3.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health problem as risk factors such as advanced age, obesity, hypertension and diabetes rise in the global population. Currently there are no effective pharmacologic treatments for this disease. The role of diet is important for slowing the progression of CKD and managing symptoms in later stages of renal insufficiency. While low protein diets are generally recommended, maintaining adequate levels of intake is critical for health. There is an increasing appreciation that the source of protein may also be important. Soybean protein has been the most extensively studied plant-based protein in subjects with kidney disease and has demonstrated renal protective properties in a number of clinical studies. Soy protein consumption has been shown to slow the decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate and significantly improve proteinuria in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with nephropathy. Soy’s beneficial effects on renal function may also result from its impact on certain physiological risk factors for CKD such as dyslipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia. Soy intake is also associated with improvements in antioxidant status and systemic inflammation in early and late stage CKD patients. Studies conducted in animal models have helped to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms that may play a role in the positive effects of soy protein on renal parameters in polycystic kidney disease, metabolically-induced kidney dysfunction and age-associated progressive nephropathy. Despite the established relationship between soy and renoprotection, further studies are needed for a clear understanding of the role of the cellular and molecular target(s) of soy protein in maintaining renal function.
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25
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Kim JA, Blumenfeld JD, Chhabra S, Dutruel SP, Thimmappa ND, Bobb WO, Donahue S, Rennert HE, Tan AY, Giambrone AE, Prince MR. Pancreatic Cysts in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Prevalence and Association with PKD2 Gene Mutations. Radiology 2016; 280:762-70. [PMID: 27046073 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016151650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To define the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging prevalence of pancreatic cysts in a cohort of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) compared with a control group without ADPKD that was matched for age, sex, and renal function. Materials and Methods In this HIPAA-compliant, institutional review board-approved study, all patients with ADPKD provided informed consent; for control subjects, informed consent was waived. Patients with ADPKD (n = 110) with mutations identified in PKD1 or PKD2 and control subjects without ADPKD or known pancreatic disease (n = 110) who were matched for age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and date of MR imaging examination were evaluated for pancreatic cysts by using axial and coronal single-shot fast spin-echo T2-weighted images obtained at 1.5 T. Total kidney volume and liver volume were measured. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate potential associations between collected variables and presence of pancreatic cysts among patients with ADPKD. The number, size, location, and imaging characteristics of the cysts were recorded. Results Patients with ADPKD were significantly more likely than control subjects to have at least one pancreatic cyst (40 of 110 patients [36%] vs 25 of 110 control subjects [23%]; P = .027). In a univariate analysis, pancreatic cysts were more prevalent in patients with ADPKD with mutations in PKD2 than in PKD1 (21 of 34 patients [62%] vs 19 of 76 patients [25%]; P = .0002). In a multivariable logistic regression model, PKD2 mutation locus was significantly associated with the presence of pancreatic cysts (P = .0004) and with liver volume (P = .038). Patients with ADPKD and a pancreatic cyst were 5.9 times more likely to have a PKD2 mutation than a PKD1 mutation after adjusting for age, race, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, liver volume, and total kidney volume. Conclusion Pancreatic cysts were more prevalent in patients with ADPKD with PKD2 mutation than in control subjects or patients with PKD1 mutation. (©) RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ah Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.K., S.C., S.P.D., N.D.T., M.R.P.), Medicine (J.D.B.), Pathology (H.E.R., A.Y.T.), and Healthcare Policy and Research (A.E.G.), Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, 416 E 55th St, New York, NY 10022; and the Rogosin Institute, New York, NY (J.D.B., W.O.B., S.D., H.E.R., A.Y.T.)
| | - Jon D Blumenfeld
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.K., S.C., S.P.D., N.D.T., M.R.P.), Medicine (J.D.B.), Pathology (H.E.R., A.Y.T.), and Healthcare Policy and Research (A.E.G.), Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, 416 E 55th St, New York, NY 10022; and the Rogosin Institute, New York, NY (J.D.B., W.O.B., S.D., H.E.R., A.Y.T.)
| | - Shalini Chhabra
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.K., S.C., S.P.D., N.D.T., M.R.P.), Medicine (J.D.B.), Pathology (H.E.R., A.Y.T.), and Healthcare Policy and Research (A.E.G.), Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, 416 E 55th St, New York, NY 10022; and the Rogosin Institute, New York, NY (J.D.B., W.O.B., S.D., H.E.R., A.Y.T.)
| | - Silvina P Dutruel
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.K., S.C., S.P.D., N.D.T., M.R.P.), Medicine (J.D.B.), Pathology (H.E.R., A.Y.T.), and Healthcare Policy and Research (A.E.G.), Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, 416 E 55th St, New York, NY 10022; and the Rogosin Institute, New York, NY (J.D.B., W.O.B., S.D., H.E.R., A.Y.T.)
| | - Nanda Deepa Thimmappa
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.K., S.C., S.P.D., N.D.T., M.R.P.), Medicine (J.D.B.), Pathology (H.E.R., A.Y.T.), and Healthcare Policy and Research (A.E.G.), Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, 416 E 55th St, New York, NY 10022; and the Rogosin Institute, New York, NY (J.D.B., W.O.B., S.D., H.E.R., A.Y.T.)
| | - Warren O Bobb
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.K., S.C., S.P.D., N.D.T., M.R.P.), Medicine (J.D.B.), Pathology (H.E.R., A.Y.T.), and Healthcare Policy and Research (A.E.G.), Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, 416 E 55th St, New York, NY 10022; and the Rogosin Institute, New York, NY (J.D.B., W.O.B., S.D., H.E.R., A.Y.T.)
| | - Stephanie Donahue
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.K., S.C., S.P.D., N.D.T., M.R.P.), Medicine (J.D.B.), Pathology (H.E.R., A.Y.T.), and Healthcare Policy and Research (A.E.G.), Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, 416 E 55th St, New York, NY 10022; and the Rogosin Institute, New York, NY (J.D.B., W.O.B., S.D., H.E.R., A.Y.T.)
| | - Hanna E Rennert
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.K., S.C., S.P.D., N.D.T., M.R.P.), Medicine (J.D.B.), Pathology (H.E.R., A.Y.T.), and Healthcare Policy and Research (A.E.G.), Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, 416 E 55th St, New York, NY 10022; and the Rogosin Institute, New York, NY (J.D.B., W.O.B., S.D., H.E.R., A.Y.T.)
| | - Adrian Y Tan
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.K., S.C., S.P.D., N.D.T., M.R.P.), Medicine (J.D.B.), Pathology (H.E.R., A.Y.T.), and Healthcare Policy and Research (A.E.G.), Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, 416 E 55th St, New York, NY 10022; and the Rogosin Institute, New York, NY (J.D.B., W.O.B., S.D., H.E.R., A.Y.T.)
| | - Ashley E Giambrone
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.K., S.C., S.P.D., N.D.T., M.R.P.), Medicine (J.D.B.), Pathology (H.E.R., A.Y.T.), and Healthcare Policy and Research (A.E.G.), Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, 416 E 55th St, New York, NY 10022; and the Rogosin Institute, New York, NY (J.D.B., W.O.B., S.D., H.E.R., A.Y.T.)
| | - Martin R Prince
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.K., S.C., S.P.D., N.D.T., M.R.P.), Medicine (J.D.B.), Pathology (H.E.R., A.Y.T.), and Healthcare Policy and Research (A.E.G.), Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, 416 E 55th St, New York, NY 10022; and the Rogosin Institute, New York, NY (J.D.B., W.O.B., S.D., H.E.R., A.Y.T.)
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26
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Liu B, Chen SC, Yang YM, Yan K, Qian YQ, Zhang JY, Hu YT, Dong MY, Jin F, Huang HF, Xu CM. Identification of novel PKD1 and PKD2 mutations in a Chinese population with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17468. [PMID: 26632257 PMCID: PMC4668380 DOI: 10.1038/srep17468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most frequently inherited renal diseases caused by mutations in PKD1 and PKD2. We performed mutational analyses of PKD genes in 49 unrelated patients using direct PCR-sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for PKD1 and PKD2. RT-PCR analysis was also performed in a family with a novel PKD2 splicing mutation. Disease-causing mutations were identified in 44 (89.8%) of the patients: 42 (95.5%) of the patients showed mutations in PKD1, and 2 (4.5%) showed mutations in PKD2. Ten nonsense, 17 frameshift, 4 splicing and one in-frame mutation were found in 32 of the patients. Large rearrangements were found in 3 patients, and missense mutations were found in 9 patients. Approximately 61.4% (27/44) of the mutations are first reported with a known mutation rate of 38.6%. RNA analysis of a novel PKD2 mutation (c.595_595 + 14delGGTAAGAGCGCGCGA) suggested monoallelic expression of the wild-type allele. Furthermore, patients with PKD1-truncating mutations reached end-stage renal disease (ESRD) earlier than patients with non-truncating mutations (47 ± 3.522 years vs. 59 ± 11.687 years, P = 0.016). The mutation screening of PKD genes in Chinese ADPKD patients will enrich our mutation database and significantly contribute to improve genetic counselling for ADPKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Liu
- Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Song-Chang Chen
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China.,The International Peace Maternity &Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Mei Yang
- Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Kai Yan
- Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Ye-Qing Qian
- Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China.,The International Peace Maternity &Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ting Hu
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China.,The International Peace Maternity &Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Min-Yue Dong
- Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Fan Jin
- Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - He-Feng Huang
- Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China.,The International Peace Maternity &Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ming Xu
- Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China.,The International Peace Maternity &Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
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27
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Papillary renal cell carcinoma with a somatic mutation in MET in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Cancer Genet 2015; 209:11-20. [PMID: 26718059 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 and is characterized by proliferation of renal tubular epithelium and progressive chronic kidney disease. Derangements in similar cellular signaling pathways occur in ADPKD and renal malignancies, although an association of these disorders has not been established. Herein, we present a case of papillary RCC (pRCC) incidentally discovered in a patient with ADPKD following bilateral native nephrectomy during renal transplantation. Whole exome sequencing of the pRCC found a somatic missense mutation in MET proto-oncogene, p.Val1110Ile, not present in kidney cyst epithelium or non-cystic tissue. RNA sequencing demonstrated increased mRNA expression of MET and pathway-related genes, but no significant copy number variation of MET was detected. Genetic analysis of PKD genes from peripheral blood lymphocytes and renal cyst epithelium identified a constitutional PKD1 germline mutation, p.Trp1582Ser, predicted to be pathogenic. Unique somatic mutations in PKD1 were also detected in 80% of the renal cysts analyzed, but not in the pRCC. These results suggest that, in this patient, the pRCC utilized a signaling pathway involving MET that was distinct from the pathogenesis of ADPKD. This is the first report of PKD1 mutations and a somatic mutation of the MET oncogene in a pRCC in ADPKD.
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28
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Audrézet MP, Corbiere C, Lebbah S, Morinière V, Broux F, Louillet F, Fischbach M, Zaloszyc A, Cloarec S, Merieau E, Baudouin V, Deschênes G, Roussey G, Maestri S, Visconti C, Boyer O, Abel C, Lahoche A, Randrianaivo H, Bessenay L, Mekahli D, Ouertani I, Decramer S, Ryckenwaert A, Cornec-Le Gall E, Salomon R, Ferec C, Heidet L. Comprehensive PKD1 and PKD2 Mutation Analysis in Prenatal Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:722-9. [PMID: 26139440 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal forms of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) are rare but can be recurrent in some families, suggesting a common genetic modifying background. Few patients have been reported carrying, in addition to the familial mutation, variation(s) in polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) or HNF1 homeobox B (HNF1B), inherited from the unaffected parent, or biallelic polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (PKHD1) mutations. To assess the frequency of additional variations in PKD1, PKD2, HNF1B, and PKHD1 associated with the familial PKD mutation in early ADPKD, these four genes were screened in 42 patients with early ADPKD in 41 families. Two patients were associated with de novo PKD1 mutations. Forty patients occurred in 39 families with known ADPKD and were associated with PKD1 mutation in 36 families and with PKD2 mutation in two families (no mutation identified in one family). Additional PKD variation(s) (inherited from the unaffected parent when tested) were identified in 15 of 42 patients (37.2%), whereas these variations were observed in 25 of 174 (14.4%, P=0.001) patients with adult ADPKD. No HNF1B variations or PKHD1 biallelic mutations were identified. These results suggest that, at least in some patients, the severity of the cystic disease is inversely correlated with the level of polycystin 1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Audrézet
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Histocompatibility, University Hospital of Brest, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1078, Brest, France
| | - Christine Corbiere
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte (MARHEA), Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades Paris, France
| | - Said Lebbah
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte (MARHEA), Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades Paris, France
| | - Vincent Morinière
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte (MARHEA), Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades Paris, France
| | - Françoise Broux
- Department of Medical Pediatrics, Pediatric Nephrology and Hemodialysis Unit, University Hospital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Ferielle Louillet
- Department of Medical Pediatrics, Pediatric Nephrology and Hemodialysis Unit, University Hospital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Michel Fischbach
- Department of Pediatrics 1, University Hospital of Strasbourg Strasbourg, France
| | - Ariane Zaloszyc
- Department of Pediatrics 1, University Hospital of Strasbourg Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Cloarec
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hemodialysis, Clocheville Hospital, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Elodie Merieau
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hemodialysis, Clocheville Hospital, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Véronique Baudouin
- Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Georges Deschênes
- Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | | | - Sandrine Maestri
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Histocompatibility, University Hospital of Brest, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1078, Brest, France
| | - Chiara Visconti
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte (MARHEA), Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades Paris, France
| | - Olivia Boyer
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte (MARHEA), Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Carine Abel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hospices Civils de Lyon, De la Croix Rousse Hospital Lyon, France
| | - Annie Lahoche
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Regional University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Hanitra Randrianaivo
- Medical Genetics Unit, University Hospital St Pierre La Réunion, La Réunion, France
| | - Lucie Bessenay
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Nephrology University Hospital Estaing, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Djalila Mekahli
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ines Ouertani
- Department of Congenital and Inherited Diseases Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Stéphane Decramer
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Children Hospital Toulouse, France; and
| | | | - Emilie Cornec-Le Gall
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Histocompatibility, University Hospital of Brest, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1078, Brest, France
| | - Rémi Salomon
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte (MARHEA), Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claude Ferec
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Histocompatibility, University Hospital of Brest, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1078, Brest, France
| | - Laurence Heidet
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte (MARHEA), Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades Paris, France;
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Choi R, Park HC, Lee K, Lee MG, Kim JW, Ki CS, Hwang YH, Ahn C. Identification of novel PKD1 and PKD2 mutations in Korean patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:129. [PMID: 25491204 PMCID: PMC4411869 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-014-0129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disorder. It is caused by mutations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes, and manifests as progressive cyst growth and renal enlargement, resulting in renal failure. Although there have been a few studies on the frequency and spectrum of mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 in Korean patients with ADPKD, only exons 36–46, excluding the duplicated region, were analyzed, which makes it difficult to determine accurate mutation frequencies and mutation spectra. Methods We performed sequence analysis of 20 consecutive unrelated ADPKD patients using long-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to avoid pseudogene amplification, followed by exon-specific PCR and sequencing of the all exons of these two genes. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was performed in patients in whom pathogenic mutations in PKD1 or PKD2 were not identified by LR-PCR and direct sequencing to detect large genomic rearrangements. Results All patients met the diagnostic criteria of ADPKD, and pathogenic mutations were found in 18 patients (90.0%), comprising 15 mutations in PKD1 and three in PKD2. Among 10 novel mutations, eight mutations were found in the PKD1 gene while two mutations were found in the PKD2 gene. Eight of 14 PKD1 mutations (57.1%) were located in the duplicated region. Conclusions This study expands the spectra of mutations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes and shows that the mutation frequencies of these genes in Korean ADPKD patients are similar to those reported in other ethnicities. Sequence analysis, including analysis of the duplicated region, is essential for molecular diagnosis of ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihwa Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, (135-710) 81 Irwon-Ro Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hayne Cho Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, (110-744) 28 Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Kyunghoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, (135-710) 81 Irwon-Ro Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Myoung-Gun Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, (135-710) 81 Irwon-Ro Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, (135-710) 81 Irwon-Ro Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, (135-710) 81 Irwon-Ro Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Young-Hwan Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, (139-872), 1306 Dunsan 2(i)-dong, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Curie Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, (110-744) 28 Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Liu W, Chen M, Wei J, He W, Li Z, Sun X, Shi Y. Modification of PCR conditions and design of exon-specific primers for the efficient molecular diagnosis of PKD1 mutations. Kidney Blood Press Res 2014; 39:536-45. [PMID: 25531466 DOI: 10.1159/000368464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder caused by mutations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes. Currently, long-range PCR followed by nested PCR and sequencing (LRNS) is the gold standard approach for PKD1 testing. However, LRNS is complicated by the high structural and sequence complexity of PKD1, which makes the procedure for amplification and analysis of PKD1 difficult. METHODS Here in, we modified the PCR conditions and designed primers for efficient and specific amplification of both the long-range and individual exons of PKD1. RESULTS Using the modified system, seven long-range fragments were specifically amplified using two distinct sets of conditions, and all individual exon PCR assays were easily performed using a touch-down PCR method. Seven pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants, including two novel truncated frameshift indels and two novel likely pathogenic missense mutations, were identified in eight unrelated patients with or without histories of ADPKD disease (one variant was observed in two unrelated patients). Using combined bioinformatics tools, two indeterminate missense variants were identified in two sporadic patients. CONCLUSION Four novel PKD1 variants were identified in this study. We demonstrated that the modified LRNS method achieves high sensitivity and specificity for detecting pathogenic variants of ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- WeiQiang Liu
- Graduate school, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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31
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Liu G, Tan AY, Michaeel A, Blumenfeld J, Donahue S, Bobb W, Parker T, Levine D, Rennert H. Development and validation of a whole genome amplification long-range PCR sequencing method for ADPKD genotyping of low-level DNA samples. Gene 2014; 550:131-5. [PMID: 25010725 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by mutations in two large genes, PKD1 and PKD2, but genetic testing is complicated by the large transcript sizes and the duplication of PKD1 exons 1-33 as six pseudogenes on chromosome 16. Long-range PCR (LR-PCR) represents the gold standard approach for PKD1 genetic analysis. However, a major issue with this approach is that it requires large quantities of genomic DNA (gDNA) material limiting its application primarily to DNA extracted from blood. In this study, we have developed a whole genome amplification (WGA)-based genotyping assay for PKD1 and PKD2, and examined whether this approach can be applied to biosamples with low DNA yield, including blood, buccal cells and urine. DNA samples were amplified by multiple displacement amplification (MDA) and a high-fidelity DNA polymerase followed by LR-PCR and exon-specific amplifications of PKD1 and PKD2 respectively, and Sanger sequencing. This method has generated large amounts of DNA with high average product length (>10 kb), which were uniformly amplified across all sequences assessed. When compared to the gDNA direct sequencing method for six ADPKD samples, a total of 89 variants were detected including all 86 variations previously reported, in addition to three new variations, including one pathogenic mutation not previously detected by the standard gDNA-based analysis. We have further applied WGA to ADPKD mutation analysis of low DNA-yield specimens, successfully detecting all 63 gene variations. Compared to the gDNA method the WGA-based assay had a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. In conclusion, WGA-based LR-PCR represents a major technical improvement for PKD genotyping from trace amounts of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genyan Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Adrian Y Tan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alber Michaeel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jon Blumenfeld
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; The Rogosin Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Tom Parker
- The Rogosin Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Hanna Rennert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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Tan AY, Blumenfeld J, Michaeel A, Donahue S, Bobb W, Parker T, Levine D, Rennert H. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease caused by somatic and germline mosaicism. Clin Genet 2014; 87:373-7. [PMID: 24641620 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder caused by loss of function mutations of PKD1 or PKD2 genes. Although PKD1 is highly polymorphic and the new mutation rate is relatively high, the role of mosaicism is incompletely defined. Herein, we describe the molecular analysis of ADPKD in a 19-year-old female proband and her father. The proband had a PKD1 truncation mutation c.10745dupC (p.Val3584ArgfsX43), which was absent in paternal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). However, very low quantities of this mutation were detected in the father's sperm DNA, but not in DNA from his buccal cells or urine sediment. Next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis determined the level of this mutation in the father's PBL, buccal cells and sperm to be ∼3%, 4.5% and 10%, respectively, consistent with somatic and germline mosaicism. The PKD1 mutation in ∼10% of her father's sperm indicates that it probably occurred early in embryogenesis. In ADPKD cases where a de novo mutation is suspected because of negative PKD gene testing of PBL, additional evaluation with more sensitive methods (e.g. NGS) of the proband PBL and paternal sperm can enhance detection of mosaicism and facilitate genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Tan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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33
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Novel mutations of PKD genes in the Czech population with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:41. [PMID: 24694054 PMCID: PMC3992149 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-15-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary renal disorder caused by mutation in either one of two genes, PKD1 and PKD2. High structural and sequence complexity of PKD genes makes the mutational diagnostics of ADPKD challenging. The present study is the first detailed analysis of both PKD genes in a cohort of Czech patients with ADPKD using High Resolution Melting analysis (HRM) and Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA). METHODS The mutational analysis of PKD genes was performed in a set of 56 unrelated patients. For mutational screening of the PKD1 gene, the long-range PCR (LR-PCR) strategy followed by nested PCR was used. Resulting PCR fragments were analyzed by HRM; the positive cases were reanalyzed and confirmed by direct sequencing. Negative samples were further examined for sequence changes in the PKD2 gene by the method of HRM and for large rearrangements of both PKD1 and PKD2 genes by MLPA. RESULTS Screening of the PKD1 gene revealed 36 different likely pathogenic germline sequence changes in 37 unrelated families/individuals. Twenty-five of these sequence changes were described for the first time. Moreover, a novel large deletion was found within the PKD1 gene in one patient. Via the mutational analysis of the PKD2 gene, two additional likely pathogenic mutations were detected. CONCLUSIONS Probable pathogenic mutation was detected in 71% of screened patients. Determination of PKD mutations and their type and localization within corresponding genes could help to assess clinical prognosis of ADPKD patients and has major benefit for prenatal and/or presymptomatic or preimplantational diagnostics in affected families as well.
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Virzì GM, Bruson A, Corradi V, Gastaldon F, de Cal M, Donà M, Cruz DN, Clementi M, Ronco C. High-resolution melt as a screening method in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 28:328-34. [PMID: 24658975 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an inherited condition caused by PKD1 and PKD2 mutations. Complete analysis of both genes is typically required in each patient. In this study, we explored the utility of High-Resolution Melt (HRM) as a tool for mutation analysis of the PKD2 gene in ADPKD families. METHODS HRM is a mismatch-detection method based on the difference of fluorescence absorbance behavior during the melting of the DNA double strand to denatured single strands in a mutant sample as compared to a reference control. Our families were previously screened by linkage analysis. Subsequently, HRM was used to characterize PKD2-linked families. Amplicons that produced an overlapping profile sample versus wild-type control were not further evaluated, while those amplicons with profile deviated from the control were consequently sequenced. RESULTS We analyzed 16 PKD2-linked families by HRM analysis. We observed ten different variations: six single-nucleotide polymorphisms and four mutations. The mutations detected by HRM and confirmed by sequencing were as follows: 1158T>A, 2159delA, 2224C>T, and 2533C>T. In particular, the same haplotype block and nonsense mutation 2533C>T was found in 8 of 16 families, so we suggested the presence of a founder effect in our province. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a strategy for rapid mutation analysis of the PKD2 gene in ADPKD families, which utilizes an HRM-based prescreening followed by direct sequencing of amplicons with abnormal profiles. This is a simple and good technique for PKD2 genotyping and may significantly reduce the time and cost for diagnosis in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Maria Virzì
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy; IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute, Vicenza, Italy; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Thimmappa ND, Blumenfeld JD, Cerilles MAC, Dunning A, Donahue SL, Bobb WO, Zhang HL, Prince MR. Cisterna chyli in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 41:142-8. [PMID: 24470398 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon D. Blumenfeld
- Department of Medicine; Weill Cornell Medical Center; New York New York USA
- The Rogosin Institute; New York New York USA
| | | | - Allison Dunning
- Department of Public Health; Weill Cornell Medical Center; New York New York USA
| | | | | | - Hong Lei Zhang
- Department of Radiology; Weill Cornell Medical Center; New York New York USA
| | - Martin R. Prince
- Department of Radiology; Weill Cornell Medical Center; New York New York USA
- Department of Radiology; Columbia University Medical Center; New York New York USA
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Tan AY, Michaeel A, Liu G, Elemento O, Blumenfeld J, Donahue S, Parker T, Levine D, Rennert H. Molecular diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease using next-generation sequencing. J Mol Diagn 2013; 16:216-28. [PMID: 24374109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by mutations in PKD1 and PKD2. However, genetic analysis is complicated by six PKD1 pseudogenes, large gene sizes, and allelic heterogeneity. We developed a new clinical assay for PKD gene analysis using paired-end next-generation sequencing (NGS) by multiplexing individually bar-coded long-range PCR libraries and analyzing them in one Illumina MiSeq flow cell. The data analysis pipeline has been optimized and automated with Unix shell scripts to accommodate variant calls. This approach was validated using a cohort of 25 patients with ADPKD previously analyzed by Sanger sequencing. A total of 250 genetic variants were identified by NGS, spanning the entire exonic and adjacent intronic regions of PKD1 and PKD2, including all 16 pathogenic mutations. In addition, we identified three novel mutations in a mutation-negative cohort of 24 patients with ADPKD previously analyzed by Sanger sequencing. This NGS method achieved sensitivity of 99.2% (95% CI, 96.8%-99.9%) and specificity of 99.9% (95% CI, 99.7%-100.0%), with cost and turnaround time reduced by as much as 70%. Prospective NGS analysis of 25 patients with ADPKD demonstrated a detection rate comparable with Sanger standards. In conclusion, the NGS method was superior to Sanger sequencing for detecting PKD gene mutations, achieving high sensitivity and improved gene coverage. These characteristics suggest that NGS would be an appropriate new standard for clinical genetic testing of ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Y Tan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Alber Michaeel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Genyan Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jon Blumenfeld
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; The Rogosin Institute, New York, New York
| | | | - Tom Parker
- The Rogosin Institute, New York, New York
| | | | - Hanna Rennert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
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Cornec-Le Gall E, Audrézet MP, Chen JM, Hourmant M, Morin MP, Perrichot R, Charasse C, Whebe B, Renaudineau E, Jousset P, Guillodo MP, Grall-Jezequel A, Saliou P, Férec C, Le Meur Y. Type of PKD1 mutation influences renal outcome in ADPKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:1006-13. [PMID: 23431072 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2012070650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is heterogeneous with regard to genic and allelic heterogeneity, as well as phenotypic variability. The genotype-phenotype relationship in ADPKD is not completely understood. Here, we studied 741 patients with ADPKD from 519 pedigrees in the Genkyst cohort and confirmed that renal survival associated with PKD2 mutations was approximately 20 years longer than that associated with PKD1 mutations. The median age at onset of ESRD was 58 years for PKD1 carriers and 79 years for PKD2 carriers. Regarding the allelic effect on phenotype, in contrast to previous studies, we found that the type of PKD1 mutation, but not its position, correlated strongly with renal survival. The median age at onset of ESRD was 55 years for carriers of a truncating mutation and 67 years for carriers of a nontruncating mutation. This observation allows the integration of genic and allelic effects into a single scheme, which may have prognostic value.
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Streets AJ, Wessely O, Peters DJM, Ong ACM. Hyperphosphorylation of polycystin-2 at a critical residue in disease reveals an essential role for polycystin-1-regulated dephosphorylation. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:1924-39. [PMID: 23390129 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in PKD1 (85%) or PKD2 (15%) account for almost all cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The ADPKD proteins, termed as polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2), interact via their C-termini to form a receptor-ion channel complex whose function and regulation are not fully understood. Here, we report the first phosphorylated residue (Ser(829)) in PC2, whose dephosphorylation is mediated by PC1 binding through the recruitment of protein phosphatase-1 alpha (PP1α). Using a new phosphospecific antibody (pPC2) to this site, we demonstrate that Ser(829) is phosphorylated by Protein kinase A (PKA) but remains constitutively phosphorylated in cells and tissues lacking PC1. cAMP increased pSer(829) basolateral localization in MDCK cells in a time dependent manner and was essential for pronephric development in Xenopus embryos. When constitutively expressed, a complex phenotype associated with enhanced ATP-dependent ER Ca(2+) release and loss of growth suppression was observed in cycling cells. These results reveal a reciprocal functional link between PC1 and PC2 which is critically dependent on their interaction. Unopposed cAMP stimulated hyperphosphorylation of PC2 in the absence of functional PC1 could contribute to cyst initiation in PKD1 patients and represents a new molecular paradigm in understanding ADPKD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Streets
- Kidney Genetics Group, Academic Nephrology Unit, Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Medical Research,University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
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Qi XP, Du ZF, Ma JM, Chen XL, Zhang Q, Fei J, Wei XM, Chen D, Ke HP, Liu XZ, Li F, Chen ZG, Su Z, Jin HY, Liu WT, Zhao Y, Jiang HL, Lan ZZ, Li PF, Fang MY, Dong W, Zhang XN. Genetic diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by targeted capture and next-generation sequencing: utility and limitations. Gene 2012; 516:93-100. [PMID: 23266634 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutation-based molecular diagnostics of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is complicated by genetic and allelic heterogeneity, large multi-exon genes, and duplication sequences of PKD1. Recently, targeted resequencing by pooling long-range polymerase chain reaction (LR-PCR) amplicons has been used in the identification of mutations in ADPKD. Despite its high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, LR-PCR is still complicated. We performed whole-exome sequencing on two unrelated typical Chinese ADPKD probands and evaluated the effectiveness of this approach compared with Sanger sequencing. Meanwhile, we performed targeted gene and next-generation sequencing (targeted DNA-HiSeq) on 8 individuals (1 patient from one family, 5 patients and 2 normal individuals from another family). Both whole-exome sequencing and targeted DNA-HiSeq confirmed c.11364delC (p.H3788QfsX37) within the unduplicated region of PKD1 in one proband; in the other family, targeted DNA-HiSeq identified a small insertion, c.401_402insG (p.V134VfsX79), in PKD2. These methods do not overcome the screening complexity of homology. However, the true positives of variants confirmed by targeted gene and next-generation sequencing were 69.4%, 50% and 100% without a false positive in the whole coding region and the duplicated and unduplicated regions, which indicated that the screening accuracy of PKD1 and PKD2 can be largely improved by using a greater sequencing depth and elaborate design of the capture probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Qi
- Department of Urologic Surgery, the 117th PLA Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Parnell SC, Puri S, Wallace DP, Calvet JP. Protein phosphatase-1α interacts with and dephosphorylates polycystin-1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36798. [PMID: 22675472 PMCID: PMC3366979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystin signaling is likely to be regulated by phosphorylation. While a number of potential protein kinases and their target phosphorylation sites on polycystin-1 have been identified, the corresponding phosphatases have not been extensively studied. We have now determined that polycystin-1 is a regulatory subunit for protein phosphatase-1α (PP1α). Sequence analysis has revealed the presence of a highly conserved PP1-interaction motif in the cytosolic, C-terminal tail of polycystin-1; and we have shown that transfected PP1α specifically co-immunoprecipitates with a polycystin-1 C-tail construct. To determine whether PP1α dephosphorylates polycystin-1, a PKA-phosphorylated GST-polycystin-1 fusion protein was shown to be dephosphorylated by PP1α but not by PP2B (calcineurin). Mutations within the PP1-binding motif of polycystin-1, including an autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)-associated mutation, significantly reduced PP1α-mediated dephosphorylation of polycystin-1. The results suggest that polycystin-1 forms a holoenzyme complex with PP1α via a conserved PP1-binding motif within the polycystin-1 C-tail, and that PKA-phosphorylated polycystin-1 serves as a substrate for the holoenzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Parnell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SCP); (JPC)
| | - Sanjeev Puri
- Biotechnology Department, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Darren P. Wallace
- Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and the Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - James P. Calvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SCP); (JPC)
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Audrézet MP, Cornec-Le Gall E, Chen JM, Redon S, Quéré I, Creff J, Bénech C, Maestri S, Le Meur Y, Férec C. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: comprehensive mutation analysis of PKD1 and PKD2 in 700 unrelated patients. Hum Mutat 2012; 33:1239-50. [PMID: 22508176 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the most common inherited kidney disorder, is caused by mutations in PKD1 or PKD2. The molecular diagnosis of ADPKD is complicated by extensive allelic heterogeneity and particularly by the presence of six highly homologous sequences of PKD1 exons 1-33. Here, we screened PKD1 and PKD2 for both conventional mutations and gross genomic rearrangements in up to 700 unrelated ADPKD patients--the largest patient cohort to date--by means of direct sequencing, followed by quantitative fluorescent multiplex polymerase chain reaction or array-comparative genomic hybridization. This resulted in the identification of the largest number of new pathogenic mutations (n = 351) in a single publication, expanded the spectrum of known ADPKD pathogenic mutations by 41.8% for PKD1 and by 23.8% for PKD2, and provided new insights into several issues, such as the population-dependent distribution of recurrent mutations compared with founder mutations and the relative paucity of pathogenic missense mutations in the PKD2 gene. Our study, together with others, highlights the importance of developing novel approaches for both mutation detection and functional validation of nondefinite pathogenic mutations to increase the diagnostic value of molecular testing for ADPKD.
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Tan YC, Michaeel A, Blumenfeld J, Donahue S, Parker T, Levine D, Rennert H. A novel long-range PCR sequencing method for genetic analysis of the entire PKD1 gene. J Mol Diagn 2012; 14:305-13. [PMID: 22608885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic testing of PKD1 and PKD2 is useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease; however, analysis is complicated by the large transcript size, the complexity of the gene region, and the high level of gene variations. We developed a novel mutation screening assay for PKD1 by directly sequencing long-range (LR) PCR products. By using this method, the entire PKD1 coding region was amplified by nine reactions, generating product sizes from 2 to 6 kb, circumventing the need for specific PCR amplification of individual exons. This method was compared with direct sequencing used by a reference laboratory and the SURVEYOR-WAVE Nucleic Acid High Sensitivity Fragment Analysis System (Transgenomic) screening method for five patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. A total of 53 heterozygous genetic changes were identified by LR PCR sequencing, including 41 (of 42) variations detected by SURVEYOR nuclease and all 32 variations reported by the reference laboratory, detecting an additional 12 intronic changes not identified by the other two methods. Compared with the reference laboratory, LR PCR sequencing had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 98.5%, and an accuracy of 98.8%; compared with the SURVEYOR-WAVE method, it had a sensitivity of 97.1%, a specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 99.4%. In conclusion, LR PCR sequencing was superior to the direct sequencing and screening methods for detecting genetic variations, achieving high sensitivity and improved intronic coverage with a faster turnaround time and lower costs, and providing a reliable tool for complex genetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Cai Tan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Yu C, Yang Y, Zou L, Hu Z, Li J, Liu Y, Ma Y, Ma M, Su D, Zhang S. Identification of novel mutations in Chinese Hans with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:164. [PMID: 22185115 PMCID: PMC3341574 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited renal disease with an incidence of 1 in 400 to 1000. The disease is genetically heterogeneous, with two genes identified: PKD1 (16p13.3) and PKD2 (4q21). Molecular diagnosis of the disease in at-risk individuals is complicated due to the structural complexity of PKD1 gene and the high diversity of the mutations. This study is the first systematic ADPKD mutation analysis of both PKD1 and PKD2 genes in Chinese patients using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). METHODS Both PKD1 and PKD2 genes were mutation screened in each proband from 65 families using DHPLC followed by DNA sequencing. Novel variations found in the probands were checked in their family members available and 100 unrelated normal controls. Then the pathogenic potential of the variations of unknown significance was examined by evolutionary comparison, effects of amino acid substitutions on protein structure, and effects of splice site alterations using online mutation prediction resources. RESULTS A total of 92 variations were identified, including 27 reported previously. Definitely pathogenic mutations (ten frameshift, ten nonsense, two splicing defects and one duplication) were identified in 28 families, and probably pathogenic mutations were found in an additional six families, giving a total detection level of 52.3% (34/65). About 69% (20/29) of the mutations are first reported with a recurrent mutation rate of 31%. CONCLUSIONS Mutation study of PKD1 and PKD2 genes in Chinese Hans with ADPKD may contribute to a better understanding of the genetic diversity between different ethnic groups and enrich the mutation database. Besides, evaluating the pathogenic potential of novel variations should also facilitate the clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowen Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zou
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, P. R. China
| | - Zhangxue Hu
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yunqiang Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yongxin Ma
- Department of Medical Genetics, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Mingyi Ma
- Department of Medical Genetics, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Medical Genetics, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Sizhong Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
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DHPLC/SURVEYOR Nuclease: A Sensitive, Rapid and Affordable Method to Analyze BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations in Breast Cancer Families. Mol Biotechnol 2011; 52:8-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-011-9468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Bataille S, Berland Y, Fontes M, Burtey S. High Resolution Melt analysis for mutation screening in PKD1 and PKD2. BMC Nephrol 2011; 12:57. [PMID: 22008521 PMCID: PMC3206831 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-12-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary kidney disorder. It is characterized by focal development and progressive enlargement of renal cysts leading to end-stage renal disease. PKD1 and PKD2 have been implicated in ADPKD pathogenesis but genetic features and the size of PKD1 make genetic diagnosis tedious. METHODS We aim to prove that high resolution melt analysis (HRM), a recent technique in molecular biology, can facilitate molecular diagnosis of ADPKD. We screened for mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 with HRM in 37 unrelated patients with ADPKD. RESULTS We identified 440 sequence variants in the 37 patients. One hundred and thirty eight were different. We found 28 pathogenic mutations (25 in PKD1 and 3 in PKD2 ) within 28 different patients, which is a diagnosis rate of 75% consistent with literature mean direct sequencing diagnosis rate. We describe 52 new sequence variants in PKD1 and two in PKD2. CONCLUSION HRM analysis is a sensitive and specific method for molecular diagnosis of ADPKD. HRM analysis is also costless and time sparing. Thus, this method is efficient and might be used for mutation pre-screening in ADPKD genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Bataille
- EA 4263 Thérapie des Maladies Génétiques, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Boulevard Jean Moulin 13005 Marseille, France
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Tan YC, Blumenfeld J, Rennert H. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: genetics, mutations and microRNAs. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1812:1202-12. [PMID: 21392578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common, monogenic multi-systemic disorder characterized by the development of renal cysts and various extrarenal manifestations. Worldwide, it is a common cause of end-stage renal disease. ADPKD is caused by mutation in either one of two principal genes, PKD1 and PKD2, but has large phenotypic variability among affected individuals, attributable to PKD genic and allelic variability and, possibly, modifier gene effects. Recent studies have generated considerable information regarding the genetic basis and molecular diagnosis of this disease, its pathogenesis, and potential strategies for targeted treatment. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the genetics of ADPKD, including mechanisms responsible for disease development, the role of gene variations and mutations in disease presentation, and the putative role of microRNAs in ADPKD etiology. The emerging and important role of genetic testing and the advent of novel molecular diagnostic applications also are reviewed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Polycystic Kidney Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Cai Tan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Hoefele J, Mayer K, Scholz M, Klein HG. Novel PKD1 and PKD2 mutations in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 26:2181-8. [PMID: 21115670 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common genetic renal disorder with an incidence of 1:1000. Mutations in two genes (PKD1 and PKD2) have been identified as causative. Eighty-five percent of patients with ADPKD carry their mutation in the PKD1 gene. So far, > 500 mutations for PKD1 and > 120 mutations for PKD2, respectively, are known. METHODS In this study, we performed mutation analysis of PKD1 and PKD2 by exon sequencing in patients during routine molecular diagnostics for ADPKD. RESULTS In total, 60 mutations were identified in 93 patients representing a mutation detection efficiency of 64.5%. Fifty-two mutations were identified in PKD1 (86.7%) and 8 in PKD2 (13.3%). These include 41 novel mutations detected in PKD1 and 5 novel mutations in PKD2. Accordingly, our data expand the spectrum of known PKD mutations by 8% for PKD1 (41/513) and 4.2% for PKD2 (5/120). These results are in agreement with the detection ranges of 42%, 63% and 64% for definitive disease-causing mutations, and 78%, 86% and 89% for all identified variants reported in several comprehensive mutation screening reports. CONCLUSIONS The increased number of known mutations will facilitate future studies into genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hoefele
- Center for Human Genetics and Laboratory Medicine Dr Klein and Dr Rost, Martinsried, Germany.
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Tan YC, Blumenfeld J, Michaeel A, Donahue S, Balina M, Parker T, Levine D, Rennert H. Aberrant PKD2 splicing due to a presumed novel missense mutation in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. Clin Genet 2010; 80:287-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common nephropathy caused by mutations in either PKD1 or PKD2. Mutations in PKD1 account for approximately 85% of cases and cause more severe disease than mutations in PKD2. Diagnosis of ADPKD before the onset of symptoms is usually performed using renal imaging by either ultrasonography, CT or MRI. In general, these modalities are reliable for the diagnosis of ADPKD in older individuals. However, molecular testing can be valuable when a definite diagnosis is required in young individuals, in individuals with a negative family history of ADPKD, and to facilitate preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Although linkage-based diagnostic approaches are feasible in large families, direct mutation screening is generally more applicable. As ADPKD displays a high level of allelic heterogeneity, complete screening of both genes is required. Consequently, such screening approaches are expensive. Screening of individuals with ADPKD detects mutations in up to 91% of cases. However, only approximately 65% of patients have definite mutations with approximately 26% having nondefinite changes that require further evaluation. Collation of known variants in the ADPKD mutation database and systematic scoring of nondefinite variants is increasing the diagnostic value of molecular screening. Genic information can be of prognostic value and recent investigation of hypomorphic PKD1 alleles suggests that allelic information may also be valuable in some atypical cases. In the future, when effective therapies are developed for ADPKD, molecular testing may become increasingly widespread. Rapid developments in DNA sequencing may also revolutionize testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Harris PC, Rossetti S. Determinants of renal disease variability in ADPKD. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2010; 17:131-9. [PMID: 20219616 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In common with other Mendelian diseases, the presentation and progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) vary widely in the population. The typical course is of adult-onset disease with ESRD in the 6th decade. However, a small proportion has adequate renal function into the 9th decade, whereas others present with enlarged kidneys as neonates. ADPKD is genetically heterogeneous, and the disease gene is a major determinant of severity; PKD1 on average is associated with ESRD 20 years earlier than PKD2. The majority of PKD1 and PKD2 mutations are likely fully inactivating although recent studies indicate that some alleles retain partial activity (hypomorphic alleles). Homozygotes for such alleles are viable and in combination with an inactivating allele can result in early-onset disease. Hypomorphic alleles and mosaicism may also account for some cases with unusually mild disease. The degree of phenotypic variation detected in families indicates that genetic background influences disease severity. Genome-wide association studies are planned to map common variants associated with severity. Although ADPKD is a simple genetic disease, fully understanding the phenotypic variability requires consideration of influences at the genic, allelic, and genetic background level, and so, ultimately, it is complex.
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