Association of ANKK1 polymorphism with antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia

Tumor-derived endomucin promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and metastasis

BACKGROUND

Endomucin (EMCN) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein and a mucin-like component of the endothelial cell glycocalyx. The mechanism of EMCN action in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear.

AIMS

Our aim was to explore the role of EMCN in the progression of CRC.

MATERIALS & METHODS

We examined EMCN expression in CRC tissues and normal para-carcinoma tissues. The function and mechanisms of EMCN were checked in CRC cell lines and in mouse xenograft. Additionally, we used co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to identify the potential EMCN-binding proteins. Functional annotation analysis showed where these genes were enriched.

RESULTS

We found that EMCN was overexpressed in tumor tissues compared with that in normal para-carcinoma tissues. We also found that overexpression of EMCN induced CRC proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. EMCN knockdown prevents epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro. We identified 178 potential EMCN-binding partners. Furthermore, functional annotation analysis indicated that these genes were considerably enriched in carcinogenic-related functions and pathways. Collectively, the identification of EMCN-binding partners enhanced our understanding of the mechanism of EMCN-mediated malignant phenotypes, and this research may provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC.

CONCLUSION

Tumor-derived endomucin promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and metastasis. We identified 178 EMCN-binding proteins and initially screened three potential EMCN-interacting proteins: NALCN, and TPM2, ANKK1. Our study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC development.

Association of ANKK1 polymorphism with antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia

OBJECTIVE

Schizophrenia is a severe highly heritable mental disorder. Genetic polymorphisms of dopaminergic pathways are related to pathogenesis of drug response. Hyperprolactinemia (HPRL), a common adverse effect of antipsychotics, is attributed to blockade of dopamine D2 receptors. Ankyrin Repeat and Kinase Domain containing 1 (ANKK1) gene is closely related to Dopamine Receptor D2 type (DRD2) gene functioning. We examined whether the functional polymorphism rs2734849 in the ANKK1 gene is associated with antipsychotic-induced HPRL.

METHODS

We recruited 446 patients with schizophrenia from among the Russian population of the Siberian region. The polymorphism rs2734849 in the ANKK1 gene was genotyped with The MassARRAY® Analyzer 4 by Agena Bioscience™, using the kit SEQUENOM Consumables iPLEXGold 384. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between groups of schizophrenia patients with and without HPRL using the χ² test.

RESULTS

A comparison between schizophrenia patients with and without HPRL revealed significantly higher frequency of the C allele of the polymorphic variant rs2734849 in the ANKK1 gene in patients with HPRL as compared to the patients without it (χ² = 3.70; p = .05; odds ratio [OR] = 1.30 [0.99-1.69]).

CONCLUSION

The functional polymorphism rs2734849 in the ANKK1 gene was associated with HPRL in patients with schizophrenia.