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Cao Z, Huang J, Long X. Causal Relationships between Gut Microbiotas, Blood Metabolites, and Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Mediated Mendelian Randomization Study. Neuroendocrinology 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39250894 DOI: 10.1159/000541298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of epithelial tumors originating from different anatomical sites, and identifying the gut microbiota and metabolic mechanisms involved in the onset of NETs may help to develop appropriate disease prevention and monitoring strategies. METHODS We employed a mediated two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, analyzing gut microbiota from German studies and NET datasets from the 10th round of the FinnGen project. Mediation analyses were conducted using the metabolites dataset from the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging (CLSA) and the TwinsUK study. Instrumental variables were chosen according to established MR criteria and analyzed using the Wald ratio, inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median methods. To ensure robustness, sensitivity analyses were performed using Cochrane's Q, Egger's intercept, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out methods. RESULTS Causal relationships were identified between the genetic determinants of 6, 5, 2, 1, 2, 3 gut microbiotas and the risk of colorectal, lung, pancreatic, rectum, small intestine, and stomach NETs. Similarly, the genetic determinants of 4, 6, 1, 5, 10, and 7 metabolites were found to be causally related to the risk of colorectal, lung, pancreatic, rectum, small intestine, and stomach NETs, respectively. Through Wald ratio and IVW methods, we preliminarily identified 957 microbiota-metabolite pairs with significant causal associations and formed 13 mediated relationships between the impact of gut microbiotas on NETs. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that gut microbiotas and its derived metabolites may contribute to the onset of NET, offering a novel insight into the disease's pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZheXu Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - JiangSheng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Long
- Hospital Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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El-Sayed A, Kapila D, Taha RSI, El-Sayed S, Mahen MRA, Taha R, Alrubaiy L. The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Middle East Perspective. J Pers Med 2024; 14:652. [PMID: 38929872 PMCID: PMC11204866 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is of paramount importance in preserving internal balance in the gastrointestinal tract; therefore, disruptions in its regulation have been linked to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This article explores the intricate details of the gastrointestinal microbiome as it pertains to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with an emphasis on the Middle East. The study reviews the typical gut microbiome, modifications in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), determinants impacting the gut microbiome of the Middle East, and prospective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Sayed
- Hillingdon Hospital NHS Trust, London UB8 3NN, UK; (A.E.-S.); (D.K.)
| | - Diya Kapila
- Hillingdon Hospital NHS Trust, London UB8 3NN, UK; (A.E.-S.); (D.K.)
| | - Rama Sami Issa Taha
- Healthpoint Hospital, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112308, United Arab Emirates; (R.S.I.T.); (R.T.)
| | | | - Mohd Rafiw Ahmed Mahen
- Department of Medicine, King’s College Hospital London, Dubai P.O. Box 340901, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Roa’a Taha
- Healthpoint Hospital, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112308, United Arab Emirates; (R.S.I.T.); (R.T.)
| | - Laith Alrubaiy
- Healthpoint Hospital, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112308, United Arab Emirates; (R.S.I.T.); (R.T.)
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Chollet L, Heumel S, Deruyter L, Bouilloux F, Delval L, Robert V, Gevaert MH, Pichavant M, Sencio V, Robil C, Wolowczuk I, Sokol H, Auger S, Douablin A, Langella P, Chatel JM, Grangette C, Trottein F. Faecalibacterium duncaniae as a novel next generation probiotic against influenza. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1347676. [PMID: 38590519 PMCID: PMC11000806 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut-lung axis is critical during viral respiratory infections such as influenza. Gut dysbiosis during infection translates into a massive drop of microbially produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Among them, butyrate is important during influenza suggesting that microbiome-based therapeutics targeting butyrate might hold promises. The butyrate-producing bacterium Faecalibacterium duncaniae (formerly referred to as F. prausnitzii) is an emerging probiotic with several health-promoting characteristics. To investigate the potential effects of F. duncaniae on influenza outcomes, mice were gavaged with live F. duncaniae (A2-165 or I-4574 strains) five days before infection. Supplementation of F. duncaniae was associated with less severe disease, a lower pulmonary viral load, and lower levels of lung inflammation. F. duncaniae supplementation impacted on gut dysbiosis induced by infection, as assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Interestingly, F. duncaniae administration was associated with a recovery in levels of SCFAs (including butyrate) in infected animals. The live form of F. duncaniae was more potent that the pasteurized form in improving influenza outcomes. Lastly, F. duncaniae partially protected against secondary (systemic) bacterial infection. We conclude that F. duncaniae might serve as a novel next generation probiotic against acute viral respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Chollet
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9017 - CIIL – Centre d′Infection et d′Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Séverine Heumel
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9017 - CIIL – Centre d′Infection et d′Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lucie Deruyter
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9017 - CIIL – Centre d′Infection et d′Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Lou Delval
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9017 - CIIL – Centre d′Infection et d′Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Véronique Robert
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1319 (UMR1319) Micalis, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Gevaert
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Univ. Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41-UAR 2014-PLBS, Lille, France
| | - Muriel Pichavant
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9017 - CIIL – Centre d′Infection et d′Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Valentin Sencio
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9017 - CIIL – Centre d′Infection et d′Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cyril Robil
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9017 - CIIL – Centre d′Infection et d′Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Wolowczuk
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9017 - CIIL – Centre d′Infection et d′Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Centre de Recherche scientifique Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance Public – Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Paris, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) Fédérations Hospitalo-Universitaires (FHU), Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Auger
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1319 (UMR1319) Micalis, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Philippe Langella
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1319 (UMR1319) Micalis, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1319 (UMR1319) Micalis, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Corinne Grangette
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9017 - CIIL – Centre d′Infection et d′Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9017 - CIIL – Centre d′Infection et d′Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
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Mulders MCF, Audhoe AS, Van Koetsveld PM, Feelders RA, Hofland LJ, de Herder WW, Kraaij R, Hofland J. Midgut neuroendocrine tumor patients have a depleted gut microbiome with a discriminative signature. Eur J Cancer 2024; 197:113472. [PMID: 38100919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.113472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE When compared to other types of cancer, the prevalence of midgut neuroendocrine tumors (NET) has disproportionally increased over the past decades. To date, there has been very little progress in discovering (epi)genetic drivers and treatment options for these tumors. Recent microbiome research has revealed that enteroendocrine cells communicate with the intestinal microbiome and has provided novel treatment targets for various other cancer types. Hence, our aim was to analyze the role of the gut microbiome in midgut NET patients. METHODS Fecal samples, prospectively collected from patients and control subjects, were analyzed with next generation 16S sequencing. Patients with neuroendocrine carcinomas and recent antibiotics use were excluded. Relevant variables were extracted from questionnaires and electronic health records. Microbial composition was compared between patients and controls as well as between groups within the patient cohort. RESULTS 87 midgut NET patients and 95 controls were included. Midgut NET patients had a less rich and diverse gut microbiome than controls (p < 0.001). Moreover, we identified 31 differentially abundant species and a gut microbial signature consisting of 17 species that was predictive of midgut NET presence with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.863. Gut microbial composition was not directly associated with the presence of the carcinoid syndrome, tumor grade or multifocality. Nonetheless, we did observe a potential link between microbial diversity and the presence of carcinoid syndrome symptoms within the subset of patients with elevated 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid levels. CONCLUSION Midgut NET patients have an altered gut microbiome which suggests a role in NET development and could provide novel targets for microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C F Mulders
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - A S Audhoe
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P M Van Koetsveld
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R A Feelders
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L J Hofland
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W W de Herder
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Kraaij
- Laboratory of Population Genomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Hofland
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Rohwer N, El Hage R, Smyl C, Ocvirk S, Goris T, Grune T, Swidsinski A, Weylandt KH. Ketogenic Diet Has Moderate Effects on the Fecal Microbiota of Wild-Type Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4629. [PMID: 37960282 PMCID: PMC10648986 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that has been reported to have neuroprotective effects. The health effects of KD might be linked to an altered gut microbiome, which plays a major role in host health, leading to neuroprotective effects via the gut-brain axis. However, results from different studies, most often based on the 16S rRNA gene and metagenome sequencing, have been inconsistent. In this study, we assessed the effect of a 4-week KD compared to a western diet (WD) on the colonic microbiome of female C57Bl/6J mice by analyzing fecal samples using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Our results showed distinct changes in the total number of gut bacteria following the 4-week KD, in addition to changes in the composition of the microbiome. KD-fed mice showed higher absolute numbers of Actinobacteria (especially Bifidobacteria spp.) and lower absolute levels of Proteobacteria, often linked to gut inflammation, in comparison with WD-fed mice. Furthermore, an increased abundance of the typically rare genus Atopobium was observed. These changes may indicate the possible anti-inflammatory effects of the KD. However, since the overall changes in the microbiota seem low, the KD effects might be linked to the differential abundance of only a few key genera in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Rohwer
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Brandenburg Medical School, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Racha El Hage
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany;
| | - Christopher Smyl
- Medical Department, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Soeren Ocvirk
- Intestinal Microbiology Research Group, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- ZIEL—Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Tobias Goris
- Intestinal Microbiology Research Group, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Alexander Swidsinski
- Medical Department, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of General Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Karsten-H. Weylandt
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Brandenburg Medical School, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Raygoza Garay JA, Turpin W, Lee SH, Smith MI, Goethel A, Griffiths AM, Moayyedi P, Espin-Garcia O, Abreu M, Aumais GL, Bernstein CN, Biron IA, Cino M, Deslandres C, Dotan I, El-Matary W, Feagan B, Guttman DS, Huynh H, Dieleman LA, Hyams JS, Jacobson K, Mack D, Marshall JK, Otley A, Panaccione R, Ropeleski M, Silverberg MS, Steinhart AH, Turner D, Yerushalmi B, Paterson AD, Xu W, Croitoru K. Gut Microbiome Composition Is Associated With Future Onset of Crohn's Disease in Healthy First-Degree Relatives. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:670-681. [PMID: 37263307 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The cause of Crohn's disease (CD) is unknown, but the current hypothesis is that microbial or environmental factors induce gut inflammation in genetically susceptible individuals, leading to chronic intestinal inflammation. Case-control studies of patients with CD have cataloged alterations in the gut microbiome composition; however, these studies fail to distinguish whether the altered gut microbiome composition is associated with initiation of CD or is the result of inflammation or drug treatment. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, 3483 healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with CD were recruited to identify the gut microbiome composition that precedes the onset of CD and to what extent this composition predicts the risk of developing CD. We applied a machine learning approach to the analysis of the gut microbiome composition (based on 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing) to define a microbial signature that associates with future development of CD. The performance of the model was assessed in an independent validation cohort. RESULTS In the validation cohort, the microbiome risk score (MRS) model yielded a hazard ratio of 2.24 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-4.84; P = .04), using the median of the MRS from the discovery cohort as the threshold. The MRS demonstrated a temporal validity by capturing individuals that developed CD up to 5 years before disease onset (area under the curve > 0.65). The 5 most important taxa contributing to the MRS included Ruminococcus torques, Blautia, Colidextribacter, an uncultured genus-level group from Oscillospiraceae, and Roseburia. CONCLUSION This study is the first to demonstrate that gut microbiome composition is associated with future onset of CD and suggests that gut microbiome is a contributor in the pathogenesis of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Zane Cohen Center for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Williams Turpin
- Zane Cohen Center for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sun-Ho Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Zane Cohen Center for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle I Smith
- Zane Cohen Center for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashleigh Goethel
- Zane Cohen Center for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne M Griffiths
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Moayyedi
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Osvaldo Espin-Garcia
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Biostatistics Department, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Guy L Aumais
- Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical and Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Irit A Biron
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - Maria Cino
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colette Deslandres
- Department of Hepatology and Pediatric Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Iris Dotan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - Wael El-Matary
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Brian Feagan
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David S Guttman
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hien Huynh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Levinus A Dieleman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S Hyams
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Kevan Jacobson
- Research Institute, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David Mack
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John K Marshall
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony Otley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Izaak Walton Killam Hospital, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Remo Panaccione
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark Ropeleski
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S Silverberg
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Hillary Steinhart
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dan Turner
- The Juliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Baruch Yerushalmi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Biostatistics Department, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Kenneth Croitoru
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Zane Cohen Center for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Grenda T, Grenda A, Domaradzki P, Krawczyk P, Kwiatek K. Probiotic Potential of Clostridium spp.-Advantages and Doubts. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3118-3130. [PMID: 35877439 PMCID: PMC9315758 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium spp. is a large genus of obligate anaerobes and is an extremely heterogeneous group of bacteria that can be classified into 19 clusters. Genetic analyses based on the next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and metagenome analyses conducted on human feces, mucosal biopsies, and luminal content have shown that the three main groups of strict extremophile anaerobes present in the intestines are Clostridium cluster IV (also known as the Clostridium leptum group), Clostridium cluster XIVa (also known as the Clostridium coccoides group) and Bacteroides. In addition to the mentioned clusters, some C. butyricum strains are also considered beneficial for human health. Moreover, this bacterium has been widely used as a probiotic in Asia (particularly in Japan, Korea, and China). The mentioned commensal Clostridia are involved in the regulation and maintenance of all intestinal functions. In the literature, the development processes of new therapies are described based on commensal Clostridia activity. In addition, some Clostridia are associated with pathogenic processes. Some C. butyricum strains detected in stool samples are involved in botulism cases and have also been implicated in severe diseases such as infant botulism and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates. The aim of this study is to review reports on the possibility of using Clostridium strains as probiotics, consider their positive impact on human health, and identify the risks associated with the expression of their pathogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Grenda
- Department of Hygiene of Animal Feeding Stuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-889-3191
| | - Anna Grenda
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Piotr Domaradzki
- Department of Commodity Science and Animal Raw Materials Processing, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Paweł Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Kwiatek
- Department of Hygiene of Animal Feeding Stuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland;
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Faecalibacterium prausnitzii: A Next-Generation Probiotic in Gut Disease Improvement. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6666114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The researchers are paying more attention to the role of gut commensal bacteria in health development beyond the classical pathogens. It has been widely demonstrated that dysbiosis, which means the alternations of the gut microbial structure, is closely associated with development of intestinal chronic inflammation-related diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and even infectious diseases including bacterial and viral infection. Thus, for reshaping ecological balance, a growing body of the literatures have proposed numerous strategies to modulate the structure of the gut microbiota, which provide more revelation for amelioration of these inflammation or infection-related diseases. While the ameliorative effects of traditional probiotics seem negligeable, emerging next generation probiotics (NGPs) start to receive great attention as new preventive and therapeutic tools. Encouragingly, within the last decade, the intestinal symbiotic bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii has emerged as the “sentinel of the gut,” with multifunction of anti-inflammation, gut barrier enhancement, and butyrate production. A lower abundance of F. prausnitzii has been shown in IBD, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), and virus infection such as COVID-19. It is reported that intervention with higher richness of F. prausnitzii through dietary modulation, fecal microbiota transplantation, or culture strategy can protect the mice or the subjects from inflammatory diseases. Therefore, F. prausnitzii may have potential ability to reduce microbial translocation and inflammation, preventing occurrences of gastrointestinal comorbidities especially in COVID-19 patients.
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Zhao H, Xu H, Chen S, He J, Zhou Y, Nie Y. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii alteration in inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:320-328. [PMID: 32815163 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We comprehensively carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of previous studies to determine the association between intestinal Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in human studies. METHODS A systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library database was conducted until April 1, 2020. Inclusion criteria were studies involving patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) with abundance of F. prausnitzii. The quality of the studies was assessed by the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS A total of 1669 subjects (427 CD patients, 560 UC patients, and 682 healthy controls) were enrolled from 16 studies. Both CD (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -1.36; 95% CI, -1.74 to -0.98; P < 0.00001) and UC patients (SMD: -0.81; 95% CI, -1.21 to -0.42; P < 0.0001) had a lower abundance of F. prausnitzii than the healthy controls. Compared with the IBD remission patients, the IBD active patients had lower levels of F. prausnitzii (SMD: -0.56; 95% CI, -0.91 to -0.21; P = 0.002). In the subgroup analyses, the abundance of F. prausnitzii was reduced in both active CD patients (SMD: -0.78; 95% CI, -1.51 to -0.04; P = 0.04) and active UC patients (SMD:-0.44; 95%CI, -0.81 to -0.07; P = 0.02) when compared with the patients with CD or UC in remission, respectively. CONCLUSION A negative association between abundance of F. prausnitzii and IBD activity is observed, but a cut-off level of F. prausnitzii to diagnose and/or to start treating IBD is not determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuzhen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youlian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Innao V, Allegra AG, Musolino C, Allegra A. New Frontiers about the Role of Human Microbiota in Immunotherapy: The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and CAR T-Cell Therapy Era. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238902. [PMID: 33255336 PMCID: PMC7727716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota is considered an independent organ with the capability to modulate tumor growth and response to therapies. In the chemo-free era, the use of new immunotherapies, more selective and effective and less toxic, led to the extension of overall survival of patients, subject to their ability to not stop treatment. This has focused scientists’ attention to optimize responses by understanding and changing microbiota composition. While we have obtained abundant data from studies in oncologic and hematologic patients receiving conventional chemotherapy, we have less data about alterations in intestinal flora in those undergoing immunotherapy, especially based on Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cells. Actually, we know that the efficacy of Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1), PD-1 ligand, and Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is improved by probiotics rich in Bifidobacterium spp., while compounds of Bacteroidales and Burkholderiales protect from the development of the anti-CTLA-4-induced colitis in mouse models. CAR T-cell therapy seems to not be interfering with microbiota; however, the numerous previous therapies may have caused permanent damage, thus obscuring the data we might have obtained. Therefore, this review opens a new chapter to transfer known acquisitions to a typology of patients destined to grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Innao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.I.); (A.A.)
| | - Andrea Gaetano Allegra
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental, and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy;
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.I.); (A.A.)
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Rindi G, Wiedenmann B. Neuroendocrine neoplasia of the gastrointestinal tract revisited: towards precision medicine. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:590-607. [PMID: 32839579 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 5 years, a number of notable research advances have been made in the field of neuroendocrine cancer, specifically with regard to neuroendocrine cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this Review is to provide an update on current knowledge that has proven effective for the clinical management of patients with these tumours. For example, for the first time in the tubular gastrointestinal tract, well-differentiated high-grade (grade 3) tumours and mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) are defined in the WHO classification. This novel classification enables efficient identification of the most aggressive well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours and helps in defining the degree of aggressiveness of MiNENs. The Review also discusses updates to epidemiology, cell biology (including vesicle-specific components) and the as-yet-unresolved complex genetic background that varies according to site and differentiation status. The Review summarizes novel diagnostic instruments, including molecules associated with the secretory machinery, novel radiological approaches (including pattern recognition techniques), novel PET tracers and liquid biopsy combined with DNA or RNA assays. Surgery remains the treatment mainstay; however, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with novel radioligands and new emerging medical therapies (including vaccination and immunotherapy) are evolving and being tested in clinical trials, which are summarized and critically reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Rindi
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Bertram Wiedenmann
- Charité, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Charité Mitte, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Pat JJ, Iqbal MR, Wright C. An unexpected surprise: rare association of neuroendocrine tumours in inflammatory bowel disease. J Surg Case Rep 2020; 2020:rjaa306. [PMID: 32973995 PMCID: PMC7501529 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjaa306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms are rare malignancies, more so when cancerous metastasis occurs without a known primary source. Here we discuss a case of an ulcerative colitis sufferer, 43-year-old lady presented with what was thought to be a flare up. Situation deteriorated and was taken to theatre to find a significantly ischaemic colon, secondary to extensive venous thrombosis. The ischaemic bowel was resected alongside with what was thought to be a large, reactive lymph node. To our surprise, the resected lymph node returned with evidence of neuroendocrine neoplastic metastasis. Multiple laboratory and imaging investigations were performed in hope to identify the primary source. A second metastatic lymph node was identified and subsequently resected but the primary remains elusive. Currently, there are no visible evidences of active disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson J Pat
- Clinical Radiology, Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Southend-on-Sea, UK
| | | | - Christopher Wright
- Colorectal Surgery, Tunbridge Wells Hospital, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Tunbridge Wells, UK
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Leylabadlo HE, Ghotaslou R, Feizabadi MM, Farajnia S, Moaddab SY, Ganbarov K, Khodadadi E, Tanomand A, Sheykhsaran E, Yousefi B, Kafil HS. The critical role of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in human health: An overview. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104344. [PMID: 32534182 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) is one of the most abundant bacterial species in the colon of healthy human adults and representing more than 5% of the total bacterial population. Recently, it has been known as a major actor in human intestinal health and a biosensor. Changes in this species population richness and quantity have been observed in many illnesses and several investigations have reported that abundance of F. prausnitzii is reduced in different intestinal disorders. In the current review, we aim to consider literature from various library databases and electronic searches (Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar) which were randomly collected and serve as an overview of different features of F. prausnitzii including metabolites, anti-inflammatory action, and correlation of dysbiosis of this bacterium with various complications in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Reza Ghotaslou
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Seyed Yaghoub Moaddab
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Ehsaneh Khodadadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Asghar Tanomand
- Department of Microbiology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Elham Sheykhsaran
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Chen L, Reynolds C, David R, Peace Brewer A. Development of an Index Score for Intestinal Inflammation-Associated Dysbiosis Using Real-World Stool Test Results. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:1111-1124. [PMID: 31529411 PMCID: PMC7069909 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota play an important role in human health. However, the application of gut microbiome in regular clinical practice is limited by interindividual variations and complexity of test results. HYPOTHESIS It is possible to address interindividual variation by using large data-based exploratory-pattern analysis. METHODS The current study was conducted using a large data set (n = 173,221) of nonselective incoming patients' test results from a stool test. The data set included assays for the detection of 24 selected commensal microorganisms and multiple biomarkers in feces. Patients were grouped based on their levels of inflammation biomarkers such as calprotectin, eosinophil protein X, and IgA. Group mean values of biomarkers and commensal microbes were used in an exploratory-pattern analysis for association from which an index score for intestinal inflammation-associated dysbiosis (IAD) was developed. The IAD score was evaluated in one questionnaire-based study (n = 7263) and one prospective case series study (n = 122) with patients of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and celiac disease. RESULTS We identified a microbial profile strongly associated with fecal inflammation biomarkers. Developed on the pattern of the microbial profile, the IAD score demonstrated a strong association with fecal inflammation biomarkers and was significantly different between patients with IBD and those with IBS or celiac disease. CONCLUSION Using real-world data, we have developed a method to predict gut dysbiosis associated with different GI disease conditions. It may help clinicians simplify the process of interpreting gut microbial status and provide gut health assessment and treatment evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Chen
- Department of Clinical Evidence Development, Genova Diagnostics, Inc, 63 Zillicoa Street, Asheville, NC 28801 USA
| | - Courtney Reynolds
- Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Robert David
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Genova Diagnostics, Inc, 3425 Corporate Way, Duluth, GA 30096 USA
| | - Amy Peace Brewer
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Genova Diagnostics, Inc, 63 Zillicoa Street, Asheville, NC 28801 USA
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15
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A rectal neuroendocrine tumor in a patient with Crohn's disease: a case report and literature review. Clin J Gastroenterol 2019; 13:320-327. [PMID: 31705376 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-019-01063-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease is recognized to increase the risk of gastrointestinal malignances. Adenocarcinoma is the most common malignancy in these patients. Association between Crohn's disease and adenocarcinoma in the small intestine has already been established, however, the association between neuroendocrine tumor and Crohn's disease remains uncertain. We report a 39-year-old man with Crohn's disease, who was diagnosed with NET in the rectum. He had suffered from fever and anal pain due to the anal fistula and abscess. The disease state was considered to be resistant to medical treatment. He underwent total proctocolectomy, small bowel resection, anal fistula drainage with ileostomy. Postoperative histology revealed a neuroendocrine tumor in the rectum. His postoperative course was uneventful, and he followed a good course under treatment with infliximab and mercaptopurine hydrate. This case highlights the need of careful observation of resected specimens in light of the possibility of NET, especially those with anal disorders.
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16
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Aarnoutse R, Ziemons J, Penders J, Rensen SS, de Vos-Geelen J, Smidt ML. The Clinical Link between Human Intestinal Microbiota and Systemic Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4145. [PMID: 31450659 PMCID: PMC6747354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical interest in the human intestinal microbiota has increased considerably. However, an overview of clinical studies investigating the link between the human intestinal microbiota and systemic cancer therapy is lacking. This systematic review summarizes all clinical studies describing the association between baseline intestinal microbiota and systemic cancer therapy outcome as well as therapy-related changes in intestinal microbiota composition. A systematic literature search was performed and provided 23 articles. There were strong indications for a close association between the intestinal microbiota and outcome of immunotherapy. Furthermore, the development of chemotherapy-induced infectious complications seemed to be associated with the baseline microbiota profile. Both chemotherapy and immunotherapy induced drastic changes in gut microbiota composition with possible consequences for treatment efficacy. Evidence in the field of hormonal therapy was very limited. Large heterogeneity concerning study design, study population, and methods used for analysis limited comparability and generalization of results. For the future, longitudinal studies investigating the predictive ability of baseline intestinal microbiota concerning treatment outcome and complications as well as the potential use of microbiota-modulating strategies in cancer patients are required. More knowledge in this field is likely to be of clinical benefit since modulation of the microbiota might support cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Aarnoutse
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Janine Ziemons
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - John Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM - School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander S Rensen
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM - School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith de Vos-Geelen
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein L Smidt
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
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17
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Fitzgerald CB, Shkoporov AN, Sutton TDS, Chaplin AV, Velayudhan V, Ross RP, Hill C. Comparative analysis of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii genomes shows a high level of genome plasticity and warrants separation into new species-level taxa. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:931. [PMID: 30547746 PMCID: PMC6295017 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a ubiquitous member of the human gut microbiome, constituting up to 15% of the total bacteria in the human gut. Substantial evidence connects decreased levels of F. prausnitzii with the onset and progression of certain forms of inflammatory bowel disease, which has been attributed to its anti-inflammatory potential. Two phylogroups of F. prausnitzii have been identified, with a decrease in phylogroup I being a more sensitive marker of intestinal inflammation. Much of the genomic and physiological data available to date was collected using phylogroup II strains. Little analysis of F. prausnitzii genomes has been performed so far and genetic differences between phylogroups I and II are poorly understood. Results In this study we sequenced 11 additional F. prausnitzii genomes and performed comparative genomics to investigate intraspecies diversity, functional gene complement and the mobilome of 31 high-quality draft and complete genomes. We reveal a very low level of average nucleotide identity among F. prausnitzii genomes and a high level of genome plasticity. Two genomogroups can be separated based on differences in functional gene complement, albeit that this division does not fully agree with separation based on conserved gene phylogeny, highlighting the importance of horizontal gene transfer in shaping F. prausnitzii genomes. The difference between the two genomogroups is mainly in the complement of genes associated with catabolism of carbohydrates (such as a predicted sialidase gene in genomogroup I) and amino acids, as well as defense mechanisms. Conclusions Based on the combination of ANI of genomic sequences, phylogenetic analysis of core proteomes and functional differences we propose to separate the species F. prausnitzii into two new species level taxa: F. prausnitzii sensu stricto (neotype strain A2–165T = DSM 17677T = JCM 31915T) and F. moorei sp. nov. (type strain ATCC 27768T = NCIMB 13872T). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5313-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac Brian Fitzgerald
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Andrei V Chaplin
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland. .,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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18
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Lopez-Siles M, Enrich-Capó N, Aldeguer X, Sabat-Mir M, Duncan SH, Garcia-Gil LJ, Martinez-Medina M. Alterations in the Abundance and Co-occurrence of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the Colonic Mucosa of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Subjects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:281. [PMID: 30245977 PMCID: PMC6137959 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, cohabitants in the intestinal mucosa, are considered members of a healthy microbiota and reduction of both species occurs in several intestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease. Little is known however about a possible link between the reduction in quantity of these species, and in which circumstances this may occur. This study aims to determine the abundances and co-occurrence of the two species in order to elucidate conditions that may compromise their presence in the gut. Loads of A. muciniphila, total F. prausnitzii and its two phylogroup (16S rRNA gene copies) were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in colonic biopsies from 17 healthy controls (H), 23 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 31 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 3 with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and 3 with colorectal cancer (CRC). Data were normalized to total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies in the same sample. Prevalence, relative abundances and correlation analyses were performed according to type of disease and considering relevant clinical characteristics of patients such as IBD location, age of disease onset, CD behavior, current medication and activity status. Co-occurrence of both species was found in 29% of H, 65% of UC and 29% of CD. Lower levels of total F. prausnitzii and phylogroups were found in subjects with CD, compared with H subjects (P ≤ 0.044). In contrast, no differences were found with the regard to A. muciniphila abundance across different disease states, but CD patients with disease onset below 16 years of age featured a marked depletion of this species. In CD patients, correlation between A. muciniphila and total F. prausnitzii (ρ = 0.362, P = 0.045) was observed, and particularly in those with non-stricturing, non-penetrating disease behavior and under moderate immunosuppressants therapy. Altogether, this study revealed that co-occurrence of both species differs between disease status. In addition, IBD patients featured a reduction of F. prausnitzii but similar loads of A. muciniphila when compared to H subjects, with the exception of those with early onset CD. Depletion of A. muciniphila in this subgroup of subjects suggests that it could be a potential biomarker to assist in pediatric CD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Lopez-Siles
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Núria Enrich-Capó
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Xavier Aldeguer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Miriam Sabat-Mir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Santa Caterina, Girona, Spain
| | - Sylvia H Duncan
- Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - L Jesús Garcia-Gil
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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Schirmer M, Franzosa EA, Lloyd-Price J, McIver LJ, Schwager R, Poon TW, Ananthakrishnan AN, Andrews E, Barron G, Lake K, Prasad M, Sauk J, Stevens B, Wilson RG, Braun J, Denson LA, Kugathasan S, McGovern DPB, Vlamakis H, Xavier RJ, Huttenhower C. Dynamics of metatranscription in the inflammatory bowel disease gut microbiome. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:337-346. [PMID: 29311644 PMCID: PMC6131705 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-017-0089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic diseases of the digestive tract that affects millions of people worldwide. Genetic, environmental and microbial factors have been implicated in the onset and exacerbation of IBD. However, the mechanisms associating gut microbial dysbioses and aberrant immune responses remain largely unknown. The integrative Human Microbiome Project seeks to close these gaps by examining the dynamics of microbiome functionality in disease by profiling the gut microbiomes of >100 individuals sampled over a 1-year period. Here, we present the first results based on 78 paired faecal metagenomes and metatranscriptomes, and 222 additional metagenomes from 59 patients with Crohn's disease, 34 with ulcerative colitis and 24 non-IBD control patients. We demonstrate several cases in which measures of microbial gene expression in the inflamed gut can be informative relative to metagenomic profiles of functional potential. First, although many microbial organisms exhibited concordant DNA and RNA abundances, we also detected species-specific biases in transcriptional activity, revealing predominant transcription of pathways by individual microorganisms per host (for example, by Faecalibacterium prausnitzii). Thus, a loss of these organisms in disease may have more far-reaching consequences than suggested by their genomic abundances. Furthermore, we identified organisms that were metagenomically abundant but inactive or dormant in the gut with little or no expression (for example, Dialister invisus). Last, certain disease-specific microbial characteristics were more pronounced or only detectable at the transcript level, such as pathways that were predominantly expressed by different organisms in patients with IBD (for example, Bacteroides vulgatus and Alistipes putredinis). This provides potential insights into gut microbial pathway transcription that can vary over time, inducing phenotypical changes that are complementary to those linked to metagenomic abundances. The study's results highlight the strength of analysing both the activity and the presence of gut microorganisms to provide insight into the role of the microbiome in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schirmer
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric A Franzosa
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Lloyd-Price
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren J McIver
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randall Schwager
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiffany W Poon
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Andrews
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gildardo Barron
- The F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen Lake
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mahadev Prasad
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jenny Sauk
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Disease, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Betsy Stevens
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robin G Wilson
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Braun
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lee A Denson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- The F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hera Vlamakis
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Takagi T, Naito Y, Inoue R, Kashiwagi S, Uchiyama K, Mizushima K, Tsuchiya S, Okayama T, Dohi O, Yoshida N, Kamada K, Ishikawa T, Handa O, Konishi H, Okuda K, Tsujimoto Y, Ohnogi H, Itoh Y. The influence of long-term use of proton pump inhibitors on the gut microbiota: an age-sex-matched case-control study. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2017; 62:100-105. [PMID: 29371761 PMCID: PMC5773837 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used to treat gastro-esophageal reflux and prevent gastric ulcers, and have been considered as low risk. However, recent studies have identified possible associations between PPI use and gut microbiota, suggesting that PPIs use increases the risk of enteric infections, including Clostridium difficile infection. To investigate gut microbiota in Japanese PPIs users, we conducted 16S metagenomics analysis of fecal samples collected from PPI users and healthy adults. In total, 36 PPI users and 36 PPI non-users (as control subjects) matched by age and sex were recruited and fecal samples were obtained to analyze the gut microbiome using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. There were significant differences in the microbial structure between PPI non-users and PPI users. In contrast, the analysis of α-diversity revealed no significant differences between PPI non-users and PPI users. When comparing in genus level between these two groups, the genera Streptococcus was significantly abundant and the genera Faecalibacterium was significantly decreased in PPI users. Our findings indicate a probable association between PPI use and the alternation of microbiota. These alterations might provide a mechanism by which PPIs predispose enteric infection such as Clostridium difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Takagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.,Department for Medical Innovation and Translational Medical Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Saori Kashiwagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Uchiyama
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Saeko Tsuchiya
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okayama
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Osamu Dohi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Naohisa Yoshida
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kamada
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishikawa
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Osamu Handa
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Konishi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kayo Okuda
- Takara Bio Inc., Nojihigashi 7-4-38, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-0058, Japan
| | | | - Hiromu Ohnogi
- Takara Bio Inc., Nojihigashi 7-4-38, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-0058, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Lopez-Siles M, Duncan SH, Garcia-Gil LJ, Martinez-Medina M. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii: from microbiology to diagnostics and prognostics. THE ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:841-852. [PMID: 28045459 PMCID: PMC5364359 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, one of the most abundant bacterial species found in the gut, given its potentially important role in promoting gut health. Although some studies have phenotypically characterized strains of this species, it remains a challenge to determine which factors have a key role in maintaining the abundance of this bacterium in the gut. Besides, phylogenetic analysis has shown that at least two different F. prausnitzii phylogroups can be found within this species and their distribution is different between healthy subjects and patients with gut disorders. It also remains unknown whether or not there are other phylogroups within this species, and also if other Faecalibacterium species exist. Finally, many studies have shown that F. prausnitzii abundance is reduced in different intestinal disorders. It has been proposed that F. prausnitzii monitoring may therefore serve as biomarker to assist in gut diseases diagnostics. In this mini-review, we aim to serve as an overview of F. prausnitzii phylogeny, ecophysiology and diversity. In addition, strategies to modulate the abundance of F. prausnitzii in the gut as well as its application as a biomarker for diagnostics and prognostics of gut diseases are discussed. This species may be a useful potential biomarker to assist in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Lopez-Siles
- Laboratori de Microbiologia Molecular, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Sylvia H Duncan
- Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - L Jesús Garcia-Gil
- Laboratori de Microbiologia Molecular, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
- Laboratori de Microbiologia Molecular, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Carrer de Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 40, E-17003, Girona, Spain. E-mail:
| | - Margarita Martinez-Medina
- Laboratori de Microbiologia Molecular, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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22
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Huang XL, Wang GP, Yu CG. Advances in understanding relationship between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and intestinal disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:810-815. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i9.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the relationship between intestinal dysbacteriosis and intestinal disease has become a hot research topic. As one of the most abundant symbiotic bacteria in the human gut, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii plays an important role in intestinal disease and has received more and more attention. This article reviews the advances in the understanding of the mechanism of action and active ingredients of this bacterium as well as its relationship with intestinal disease.
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23
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Tedjo DI, Smolinska A, Savelkoul PH, Masclee AA, van Schooten FJ, Pierik MJ, Penders J, Jonkers DMAE. The fecal microbiota as a biomarker for disease activity in Crohn's disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35216. [PMID: 27734914 PMCID: PMC5062155 DOI: 10.1038/srep35216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring mucosal inflammation is crucial to prevent complications and disease progression in Crohn's disease (CD). Endoscopy is the current standard, but is invasive. Clinical activity scores and non-invasive biochemical markers do not correlate well with mucosal inflammation. Microbial perturbations have been associated with disease activity in CD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate its potential use to differentiate CD patients in remission from those with an exacerbation. From 71 CD patients repeated fecal samples were collected, resulting in 97 active disease and 97 remission samples based on a combination of biochemical and clinical parameters. The microbiota composition was assessed by pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA V1-V3 region. Random Forest analysis was used to find the most discriminatory panel of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between active and remission samples. An independent internal validation set was used to validate the model. A combination of 50 OTUs was able to correctly predict 73% of remission and 79% of active samples with an AUC of 0.82 (sensitivity: 0.79, specificity: 0.73). This study demonstrates that fecal microbial profiles can be used to differentiate between active and remission CD and underline the potential of the fecal microbiota as a non-invasive tool to monitor disease activity in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyta I Tedjo
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Smolinska
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology &Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H Savelkoul
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ad A Masclee
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik J van Schooten
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology &Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J Pierik
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - John Penders
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy M A E Jonkers
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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24
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The composition of the intestinal microbiome seems relevant to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), with differences in both diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in patients with CD compared with healthy individuals. However, there are still conflicting reports on the importance of various bacterial taxa in the pathogenesis of CD. The aim of this study was to characterize the composition of mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota in newly diagnosed pediatric patients with CD. METHODS Mucosa-associated bacteria were identified from ileal biopsy specimens obtained at colonoscopy of 10 patients with either ileal or ileocolonic new-onset CD and 15 controls without mucosal inflammation. Microbial composition was performed by profiling the 16S rDNA V6 region using Illumina sequencing. Samples were analyzed for differences in alpha/beta diversity and also for differentially abundant taxa. RESULTS Alpha diversity did not differ between the controls and CD cases or between CD subjects with localized ileal disease compared with those with more extensive disease. Controls also did not clearly separate from patients with CD by principal coordinate analyses; however, 117 operational taxonomic units were found to be differentially abundant between the two groups. In particular, numerous operational taxonomic units associated with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii species were increased in children with CD. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to emerging evidence regarding dysbiosis in pediatric CD, and provide additional evidence challenging the protective role of F. prausnitzii in CD.
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25
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Singh VP, Proctor SD, Willing BP. Koch's postulates, microbial dysbiosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:594-9. [PMID: 27179648 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, a growing amount of evidence supports the role of microbes and an imbalanced microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While many reviews have been written on the microbiota in IBD, few have considered how they fulfil the Koch's postulates. In this review, we consider how the Koch's postulates might be modified so that they can be fulfilled for polymicrobial diseases, and we discuss the progress made to date in fulfilling them.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Singh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Institute of Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - S D Proctor
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Institute of Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - B P Willing
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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26
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Pellino G, Marcellinaro R, Candilio G, De Fatico GS, Guadagno E, Campione S, Santangelo G, Reginelli A, Sciaudone G, Riegler G, Canonico S, Selvaggi F. The experience of a referral centre and literature overview of GIST and carcinoid tumours in inflammatory bowel diseases. Int J Surg 2016; 28 Suppl 1:S133-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Changes in the Abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Phylogroups I and II in the Intestinal Mucosa of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22:28-41. [PMID: 26595550 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Faecalibacterium prausnitzii comprises 2 phylogroups, whose abundance in healthy and diseased gut and in conjunction with Escherichia coli has not yet been studied. This work aims to determine the contribution of F. prausnitzii phylogroups I and II in intestinal disease and to assess their potential diagnostic usefulness as biomarkers for gut diseases. METHODS Total F. prausnitzii, its phylogroups, and E. coli loads were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction targeting the 16S rRNA gene on biopsies from 31 healthy controls (H), 45 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 25 patients with ulcerative colitis, 10 patients with irritable bowel syndrome, and 20 patients with colorectal cancer. Data were normalized to total bacterial counts and analyzed according to patients' disease location and clinical characteristics. RESULTS Lower levels of both total F. prausnitzii and phylogroup I were found in subjects with CD, ulcerative colitis, and colorectal cancer (P < 0.001) compared with H subjects. Phylogroup I load was a better biomarker than total F. prausnitzii to discriminate subjects with gut disorders from H. Phylogroup II depletion was observed only in patients with CD (P < 0.001) and can be potentially applied to differentiate ulcerative pancolitis from colonic CD. No statistically significant correlation between E. coli and any of the 2 F. prausnitzii phylogroups was found in any group of patients or by inflammatory bowel disease location. Phylogroup I was lower in active patients with CD, whereas those CD with intestinal resection showed a reduction in phylogroup II. Treatments with mesalazine and immunosuppressants did not result in the recovery of F. prausnitzii phylogroups abundance. CONCLUSIONS F. prausnitzii phylogroup I was depleted in CD, ulcerative colitis, and colorectal cancer, whereas phylogroup II was specifically reduced in CD. Quantification of F. prausnitzii phylogroups and E. coli may help to identify gut disorders and to classify inflammatory bowel disease location.
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28
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Landerholm K, Falkmer U, Persson R, Wall N, Hallert C, Järhult J. Overrepresentation of HLA-DQ2 in small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor patients. J Gastrointest Cancer 2014; 45:472-5. [PMID: 25257389 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-014-9651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether celiac disease risk haplotypes HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 also increase the risk for developing small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor (SI-NET). METHODS Thirty-five patients with serotonin-producing jejunal and ileal SI-NET were examined with HLA-DQ genotyping and serology for IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies. RESULTS Twenty-one patients (60 %) carried HLA-DQ2 or DQ8, twice the frequency of the general population (P < 0.001). In particular DQ2 was overrepresented (P = 0.013). Gender, age, disease stage, histopathological grade, or multifocality of primary tumor did not differ between patients with DQ2 or DQ8 and patients with other HLA-DQ haplotypes. No patient in the study was diagnosed with celiac disease (latent or symptomatic) as anti-tTG antibodies were negative in all 35. CONCLUSION HLA-DQ haplotypes associated with celiac disease are overrepresented also in patients with SI-NET, in particular HLA-DQ2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Landerholm
- Department of Surgery, Ryhov County Hospital, SE-551 85, Jönköping, Sweden,
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29
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Association between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Reduction and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Literature. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2014; 2014:872725. [PMID: 24799893 PMCID: PMC3985188 DOI: 10.1155/2014/872725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Laboratory data suggests a reduction of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) is confirmed both in fecal samples in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Numerous observational studies have suspected dysbiosis, an imbalance between protective and harmful bacteria to be relevant to the etiology and pathogenesis of IBD. Methods. Medline, EMBASE, Pubmed, and others. were searched by 2 independent reviewers. Of 48 abstracts reviewed, 11 studies met our inclusion criteria (subject N = 1180). Meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.2. Results. The bacterial count of F. prausnitzii in IBD patients was significantly lower (6.7888 ± 1.8875) log10 CFU/g feces than healthy controls (7.5791 ± 1.5812) log10 CFU/g feces; P < 0.0001. The Standardization Mean Difference of F. prausnitzii in IBD patients was −0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.07–−0.80). Subgroup analyses revealed a trend toward a greater effect for CD (SMD: −1.13, 95% CI: −1.32–−0.94) when compared to UC (SMD: −0.78, 95% CI: −0.97–−0.60).
Conclusions. The abundance of F. prausnitzii was decreased in IBD patients compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, the reduction of F. prausnitzii and misbalance of the intestinal microbiota are particularly higher in CD patients with ileal involvement.
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30
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Miquel S, Martín R, Bridonneau C, Robert V, Sokol H, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Thomas M, Langella P. Ecology and metabolism of the beneficial intestinal commensal bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Gut Microbes 2014; 5:146-51. [PMID: 24637606 PMCID: PMC4063839 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.27651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a major commensal bacterium, and its prevalence is often decreased in conditions of intestinal dysbiosis. The phylogenic identity of this bacterium was described only recently. It is still poorly characterized, and its specific growth requirements in the human gastrointestinal tract are not known. In this review, we consider F. prausnitzii metabolism, its ecophysiology in both humans and animals, and the effects of drugs and nutrition on its population. We list important questions about this beneficial and ubiquitous commensal bacterium that it would be valuable to answer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Miquel
- INRA; Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory; UMR 1319 Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas, France,AgroParisTech; UMR1319 Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Rebeca Martín
- INRA; Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory; UMR 1319 Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas, France,AgroParisTech; UMR1319 Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Chantal Bridonneau
- INRA; Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory; UMR 1319 Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas, France,AgroParisTech; UMR1319 Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Véronique Robert
- INRA; Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory; UMR 1319 Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas, France,AgroParisTech; UMR1319 Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- INRA; Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory; UMR 1319 Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas, France,AgroParisTech; UMR1319 Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas, France,ERL INSERM U 1057/UMR7203; Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC); Paris, France,Service de Gastroenterologie; Hôpital Saint-Antoine; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP); Paris, France
| | - Luis G Bermúdez-Humarán
- INRA; Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory; UMR 1319 Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas, France,AgroParisTech; UMR1319 Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Muriel Thomas
- INRA; Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory; UMR 1319 Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas, France,AgroParisTech; UMR1319 Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- INRA; Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory; UMR 1319 Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas, France,AgroParisTech; UMR1319 Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas, France,Correspondence to: Philippe Langella,
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Miquel S, Martín R, Rossi O, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Chatel JM, Sokol H, Thomas M, Wells JM, Langella P. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and human intestinal health. Curr Opin Microbiol 2013; 16:255-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 633] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Berry D, Reinisch W. Intestinal microbiota: a source of novel biomarkers in inflammatory bowel diseases? Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2013; 27:47-58. [PMID: 23768552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The human intestine harbours a complex microbial ecosystem that performs manifold functions important to the nutrition and health of its host. Extensive study has revealed that the composition of the intestinal microbiota is altered in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The IBD associated intestinal microbiota generally has reduced species richness and diversity, lower temporal stability, and disruption of the secreted mucus layer structure. Multiple studies have identified certain bacterial taxa that are enriched or depleted in IBD including Enterobacteriaceae, Ruminococcus gnavus, and Desulfovibrio (enriched) and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospiraceae, and Akkermansia (depleted). Additionally, the relative abundance of some taxa appears to correlate with established markers of disease activity such as Enterobacteriaceae (enriched) and Lachnospiraceae (depleted). Signature shifts in fecal microbial community composition may therefore prove to be valuable as diagnostic biomarkers, particularly for longitudinal monitoring of disease activity and response to treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Berry
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Wien, Austria.
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