1
|
Jamal E, Reichelt-Brushett A, Gillmore M, Pearson B, Benkendorff K. Pesticide occurrence in a subtropical estuary, Australia: Complementary sampling methods. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123084. [PMID: 38065335 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring pesticide run-off in the aquatic environment is ecologically important. Effective methods are required to detect the wide range of possible pesticides that enter estuaries from the surrounding catchment. Here, we investigate the occurrence of pesticides in the Richmond River estuary, Australia, and compare the effectiveness of using oysters and Chemcatcher® passive sampling devices against composite water samples. Samples were collected from six sites during two sampling periods: from January to March 2020 (4 weekly composite water samples and oyster collections) and from February to March 2021 (8 twice weekly composite water samples and Chemcatcher® deployment). Samples were analysed for up to 174 pesticides. A total of 21 pesticides were detected across all sites using all methods. The number of pesticides and mixture of pesticides detected in the 2020 sampling was higher in oyster samples than in water samples. In 2021, Chemcatcher® samplers detected more pesticides than in water samples. Herbicides were the most common in all samples. Insecticides and most fungicides were detected only in oysters and Chemcatcher®. Overall, the use of three complementary sampling approaches demonstrated a high level of pesticide input into the Richmond River estuary, highlighting the usefulness of oysters as biomonitors for some pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Endang Jamal
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Australia; Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Pattimura University, Indonesia
| | | | - Megan Gillmore
- Department of Planning and Environment, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brendan Pearson
- Department of Planning and Environment, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Australia; National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hook SE, Smith RA, Waltham N, Warne MSJ. Pesticides in the Great Barrier Reef catchment area: Plausible risks to fish populations. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023. [PMID: 37994614 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Waterways that drain the Great Barrier Reef catchment area (GBRCA) transport pollutants to marine habitats, provide a critical corridor between freshwater and marine habitats for migratory fish species, and are of high socioecological value. Some of these waterways contain concentrations of pesticide active ingredients (PAIs) that exceed Australian ecotoxicity threshold values (ETVs) for ecosystem protection. In this article, we use a "pathway to harm" model with five key criteria to assess whether the available information supports the hypothesis that PAIs are or could have harmful effects on fish and arthropod populations. Strong evidence of the first three criteria and circumstantial weaker evidence of the fourth and fifth criteria are presented. Specifically, we demonstrate that exceedances of Australian and New Zealand ETVs for ecosystem protection are widespread in the GBRCA, that the PAI contaminated water occurs (spatially and temporally) in important habitats for fisheries, and that there are clear direct and indirect mechanisms by which PAIs could cause harmful effects. The evidence of individuals and populations of fish and arthropods being adversely affected species is more circumstantial but consistent with PAIs causing harmful effects in the freshwater ecosystems of Great Barrier Reef waterways. We advocate strengthening the links between PAI concentrations and fish health because of the cultural values placed on the freshwater ecosystems by relevant stakeholders and Traditional Owners, with the aim that stronger links between elevated PAI concentrations and changes in recreationally and culturally important fish species will inspire improvements in water quality. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1-24. © 2023 Commonwealth of Australia and The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachael A Smith
- Office of the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nathan Waltham
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael St J Warne
- Reef Catchments Science Partnership, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Water Quality and Investigations, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, West Midlands, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Silburn DM, Fillols E, Rojas-Ponce S, Lewis S, McHugh AD. Direct comparison of runoff of residual and knockdown herbicides in sugarcane using a rainfall simulator finds large difference in runoff losses and toxicity relative to diuron. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160976. [PMID: 36535468 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Runoff losses of herbicides have rarely been compared simultaneously under the same conditions. Our aim was to directly compare herbicide runoff losses, normalised for the amount present (relative runoff loads) and in absolute terms. Toxicity and runoff concentrations were combined to provide a risk ranking relative to diuron. Four rainfall simulation trials were conducted in sugarcane in the Great Barrier Reef catchment. Herbicides studied were older PSII residuals (atrazine, ametryn, diuron, hexazinone), alternative residuals (isoxaflutole, imazapic, metribuzin, metolachlor, pendimethalin) and knockdown herbicides (glyphosate, 2,4-D, fluroxypyr) and the tracer bromide (Br). Simulations were conducted two days after spraying, before differences due to half-lives were apparent. Two trials had bare soil and two had sugarcane trash. Herbicide runoff losses and concentrations were closely related to the amount applied, runoff amounts and partitioning coefficients. Relative runoff losses and absolute losses were similar for most older and alternative residual herbicides, 2,4-D and Br. Glyphosate and pendimethalin relative runoff losses were low, due to greater sorption. Isoxaflutole, imazapic, and fluroxypyr are applied at much lower rates and runoff losses were low. Herbicides were lost in the dissolved phase, except pendimethalin. There was a large range in toxicity relative to diuron. There is a range of herbicide choices posing less offsite risk than diuron and ametryn, which have high application rates and high toxicity. Herbicide choice should consider application rate, runoff losses, sorption, and toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Mark Silburn
- Queensland Department of Environment and Science, PO Box 318, Toowoomba 4350, Australia; Centre for Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia.
| | - Emilie Fillols
- Sugar Research Australia Ltd, PO Box 122, Gordonvale 4865, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samuel Rojas-Ponce
- Queensland Department of Environment and Science, PO Box 318, Toowoomba 4350, Australia; Centre for Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia
| | - Steve Lewis
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia
| | - A D McHugh
- Centre for Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Williams BA, Simmons BA, Ward M, Beher J, Dean AJ, Nou T, Kenyon TM, Davey M, Melton CB, Stewart‐Sinclair PJ, Hammond NL, Massingham E, Klein CJ. The potential for applying “Nonviolent Communication” in conservation science. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A. Williams
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - B. Alexander Simmons
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- Centre for the Environment, School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology Queensland Australia
- Global Development Policy Center, Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Michelle Ward
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - Jutta Beher
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Angela J. Dean
- Centre for the Environment, School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology Queensland Australia
| | - Tida Nou
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - Tania M. Kenyon
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- School Of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - Madeline Davey
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- School Of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - Courtney B. Melton
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - Phoebe J. Stewart‐Sinclair
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- School Of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - Niall L. Hammond
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security Griffith University Queensland Australia
| | - Emily Massingham
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- School Of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - Carissa J. Klein
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yerukala S, Bernard EC, Gwinn KD, Butler DM, Grewal PS, Ownley BH. Endophytic Beauveria bassiana increases galling of 'Rutgers' tomato roots with Meloidogyne incognita. J Nematol 2021; 53:e2021-72. [PMID: 34368772 PMCID: PMC8343218 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2021-072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana is endophytic in many plant species and has been shown to protect host plants against insect pests and plant pathogens. However, less is known about its activity against plant-parasitic nematodes. In vitro and plant assays were conducted to determine the effect of B. bassiana 11-98 (Bb) on Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode; RKN). Beauveria bassiana was confirmed as an endophyte in ‘Rutgers’ tomato and colonization patterns of Bb in ‘Rutgers’ (highly susceptible to RKN) were compared with those in ‘Mountain Spring’ (less susceptible to RKN). In greenhouse tests with ‘Rutgers’ at 30 and 60 days after treatment (DAT) with RKN and Bb, there were few differences in plant growth variables among treatments in repeated trials. However, RKN root galling and egg count/root system were enhanced in plants treated with Bb at 60 DAT. In an in vitro assay with egg masses from greenhouse tests, the percentages of hatched eggs, and mobile and immobile nematodes did not differ significantly for RKN and RKN+Bb treatments. The presence of viable Bb from roots was confirmed by collecting egg suspensions from root galls and plating them on selective medium. Colonies of Bb were verified on agar medium, but no parasitism of RKN eggs was observed. Research is needed to investigate factors responsible for increased galling by RKN in the presence of endophytic Bb in ‘Rutgers’ tomato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Yerukala
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, 370 Plant Biotechnology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, Knoxville, TN
| | - Ernest C Bernard
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, 370 Plant Biotechnology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, Knoxville, TN
| | - Kimberly D Gwinn
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, 370 Plant Biotechnology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, Knoxville, TN
| | - David M Butler
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive, Knoxville, TN
| | - Parwinder S Grewal
- Division of Research, Graduate Studies, and New Program Development, The University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Drive, Edinburg, TX
| | - Bonnie H Ownley
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, 370 Plant Biotechnology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, Knoxville, TN
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pearson RG, Connolly NM, Davis AM, Brodie JE. Fresh waters and estuaries of the Great Barrier Reef catchment: Effects and management of anthropogenic disturbance on biodiversity, ecology and connectivity. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:112194. [PMID: 33690082 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We review the literature on the ecology, connectivity, human impacts and management of freshwater and estuarine systems in the Great Barrier Reef catchment (424,000 km2), on the Australian east coast. The catchment has high biodiversity, with substantial endemicity (e.g., lungfish). Freshwater and estuarine ecosystems are closely linked to the land and are affected by human disturbance, including climate change, flow management, land clearing, habitat damage, weed invasion, and excessive sediments, nutrients and pesticides. They require holistic integrated management of impacts, interactions, and land-sea linkages. This requirement is additional to land management aimed at reducing pollutant delivery to reef waters. Despite advances in research and management over recent decades, there are substantial deficiencies that need addressing, including understanding of physical and biological processes and impacts in ground waters, large rivers and estuaries; ecological effects of pesticides; management and mitigation for invasive species and climate change; and explicit protection of non-marine waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Pearson
- TropWater and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
| | - Niall M Connolly
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Townsville, Queensland 4814, Australia.
| | - Aaron M Davis
- TropWater, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
| | - Jon E Brodie
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Potential Pollution Sources from Agricultural Activities on Tropical Forested Floodplain Wetlands Revealed by Soil eDNA. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11080892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tropical floodplain wetlands are found in low-lying areas that are periodically inundated. During wet periods, these wetlands can receive large amounts of suspended and dissolved material from the catchment, including many potential pollutants. In this study, we use traditional isotope tracers (δ15N and δ13C) along with soil eDNA to investigate the sources of transported materials and potential contaminants in seven forested floodplain wetlands in tropical Australia. We hypothesised that eDNA and isotope tracers in the soil would reflect the land use of the catchment. Our goal was to test whether eDNA could be used as a potential tool to identify and monitor pollutants in floodplain wetlands. The sampling sites were located within catchments that have a mosaic of land types, from well-conserved rainforests to intensive agricultural land uses, such as grazing, sugar cane, wood production, and horticulture. The soil eDNA was comprised of a mix of plant species consistent with the land use of the catchments. Most of the eDNA pool was derived from native trees, accounting for 46.2 ± 6.5% of the total; while cultivated species associated with agricultural activities contributed to 1–24% of the total. From the cultivated species, highest contributions (>5%) were from Sorghum sp. used for grazing, banana (Musa ornata), melons (Cucumis melo), and Pinus radiata and Juniperus sp. grown for wood production. Interestingly, tropical wetlands on sites 15 km offshore had soil eDNA from agricultural activities of the mainland, highlighting the connectivity of these wetlands, probably during extensive floods. Overall, soil eDNA, more than isotopic tracers, showed promising results for tracing and monitoring potential pollutants in tropical floodplain wetlands that are highly connected and susceptible to environmental degradation.
Collapse
|