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Tramuta C, Decastelli L, Ingravalle F, Barcucci E, Fragassi S, Bianchi DM. Performance Evaluation of a Commercial Real-Time PCR Method for the Detection of Lupin Traces in Food. Foods 2024; 13:609. [PMID: 38397586 PMCID: PMC10888417 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In accordance with U.S. FDA Foods Program Regulatory Science Steering Committee guidelines, with this study, we optimized and validated a commercial real-time PCR method for the detection of low amounts of lupin in four classes of food matrices: chocolate cookies, ragù, Olivier salad, and barley and rice flour. DNA extracted from blank (true negative) samples artificially contaminated with lupin (Lupinus albus) flour at 1000 ppm underwent dilutions with the DNA extracted from the true negative samples up to 0.5 ppm. The limit of detection for real-time PCR was 0.5 ppm in the complex matrices (range, Ct 26-34), making this a specific, robust, and rapid method for lupin allergen detection and labeling. Our validation data support the suitability of this commercially available real-time PCR method for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Tramuta
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Italian National Reference Center for the Detection of Food Allergens and Substances Causing Food Intolerance (CReNaRiA), 10154 Turin, Italy; (L.D.); (E.B.); (S.F.); (D.M.B.)
| | - Lucia Decastelli
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Italian National Reference Center for the Detection of Food Allergens and Substances Causing Food Intolerance (CReNaRiA), 10154 Turin, Italy; (L.D.); (E.B.); (S.F.); (D.M.B.)
| | - Francesco Ingravalle
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Department Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (BEAR), 10154 Turin, Italy;
| | - Elisa Barcucci
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Italian National Reference Center for the Detection of Food Allergens and Substances Causing Food Intolerance (CReNaRiA), 10154 Turin, Italy; (L.D.); (E.B.); (S.F.); (D.M.B.)
| | - Sandra Fragassi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Italian National Reference Center for the Detection of Food Allergens and Substances Causing Food Intolerance (CReNaRiA), 10154 Turin, Italy; (L.D.); (E.B.); (S.F.); (D.M.B.)
| | - Daniela Manila Bianchi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Italian National Reference Center for the Detection of Food Allergens and Substances Causing Food Intolerance (CReNaRiA), 10154 Turin, Italy; (L.D.); (E.B.); (S.F.); (D.M.B.)
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Aguilera-Insunza R, Iturriaga C, Mariñanco A, Venegas L, Aravena G, Perez-Mateluna G, Baptista-Dias N, Borzutzky A, Wandersleben T. High prevalence of lupin allergy among patients with peanut allergy: Identification of γ-conglutin as major allergen. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2023; 130:225-232. [PMID: 36191849 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lupin is a protein-rich legume with a growing presence in the food market worldwide. With increased consumption, lupin allergy (LA) reports are also rising. Uncertainties exist on the cross-reactivity between peanut and lupin, the allergenic potential of different lupin species, and sensitization patterns among different populations. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the molecular basis of LA and to determine lupin allergens from 3 different species that may be involved in peanut allergy (PA) cross-reactivity. METHODS A total of 43 subjects with PA, those with LA, or controls without food allergy were evaluated with skin prick tests (SPTs) and specific IgEs (sIgEs). Lupin-sensitized subjects were offered a lupin oral food challenge (OFC). Immunoblots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed on sera from lupin-sensitized subjects. RESULTS In this study, 44% of the PA subjects were confirmed to have LA by OFC. Anaphylaxis was the most frequent manifestation after lupin consumption, with a minimal eliciting dosage of 1 g lupin flour. There was no difference in lupin sIgE or SPT wheal size between lupin-sensitized and confirmed LA subjects or in the severity of symptoms among confirmed LA subjects. Sera from lupin-sensitized subjects uniformly reacted to all 3 different lupin species. Immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays revealed immunoglobulin E binding to α- and γ-conglutin in all analyzed sera, whereas α- and β-conglutin recognition was variable. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal a high prevalence of LA among PA subjects, emphasizing lupin must be labeled as an allergen in foods. Owing to high variability in lupin-sIgE and lupin-SPT results, LA diagnosis may require OFC. In our population, γ-conglutin is the major allergen of lupin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Aguilera-Insunza
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad, Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Iturriaga
- Translational Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angélica Mariñanco
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luis Venegas
- Translational Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Guillermo Perez-Mateluna
- Translational Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nathalia Baptista-Dias
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera (UFRO), Temuco, Chile
| | - Arturo Borzutzky
- Translational Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Milenio en Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Traudy Wandersleben
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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Taylor SL, Marsh JT, Koppelman SJ, Kabourek JL, Johnson PE, Baumert JL. A perspective on pea allergy and pea allergens. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lidzba N, García Arteaga V, Schiermeyer A, Havenith H, Muranyi I, Schillberg S, Lehmann J, Ueberham E. Development of Monoclonal Antibodies against Pea Globulins for Multiplex Assays Targeting Legume Proteins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2864-2874. [PMID: 33630578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Legume proteins are widely used as food ingredients, but only some (soybean, lupin, and peanut) must be declared under consumer safety regulations to protect allergy sufferers. It is not yet mandatory to declare pea proteins as allergens even though they are predicted to be allergenic based on cross-reactivity in sensitized people. The processing of legume proteins can modify their allergenic properties and hence the need for specific and precise methods for the detection of all major legume allergens. There are many commercially available tests for known food allergens but not for ingredients that are yet to be classified as allergenic. We therefore generated sets of pea-specific antibodies targeting globulins to be used in a multiplex assay for the simultaneous detection of soybean, lupin, peanut, and pea proteins. We focused on the 7S globulin family, which is the least conserved among the four legumes, allowing the specific detection of proteins from each species. Having confirmed the specificity and sensitivity of the multiplex assay, we evaluated different processing steps for proteins rich in pea globulins to demonstrate the impact of food processing on antibody binding. Our sensitive multiplex assay provides a fast and reliable method for the specific detection of soybean, lupin, peanut, and pea allergens and is therefore ideal for food safety and authenticity testing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Lidzba
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Perlickstraße 1, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Verónica García Arteaga
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Andreas Schiermeyer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Heide Havenith
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Isabel Muranyi
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Stefan Schillberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Jörg Lehmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Perlickstraße 1, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Elke Ueberham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Perlickstraße 1, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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Villa C, Costa J, Mafra I. Lupine allergens: Clinical relevance, molecular characterization, cross-reactivity, and detection strategies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3886-3915. [PMID: 33337069 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lupine is commonly utilized as a technological food and ingredient in a great variety of processed products (snacks, bakery, meat, and dairy products) principally owing to its nutritional value and technological properties. However, its ingestion, even at trace amounts (in the range of mg protein per kg of food), can lead to severe adverse reactions in allergic individuals. Lupine belongs to the Leguminosae family, having the conglutins (α-, β-, δ-, and γ-) as allergens, among other proteins. Cross-sensitization of lupine-sensitized individuals with other legume species, mainly peanut, can occur, but the associated clinical reactivity is still unclear. The protection of the sensitized individuals should depend on an avoidance diet, which should rely on the compliance of food labeling and, as such, on their verification by analytical methods. Food processing, such as heat treatments, has an important influence on the structural properties of lupine proteins, altering their detectability and allergenicity. In this review, different aspects related with lupine allergy are described, namely, the overall prevalence, clinical relevance, diagnosis, and treatment. The characterization of lupine allergens and their potential cross-reactivity with other legumes are critically discussed. The effects of food matrix, processing, and digestibility on lupine proteins, as well as the available analytical tools for detecting lupine at trace levels in foods, are also herein emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Villa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Venter C, Sicherer SH, Greenhawt M. Management of Peanut Allergy. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 7:345-355.e2. [PMID: 30717865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Peanut allergy is a growing public health concern in westernized countries. Peanut allergy is characterized as an often severe and lifelong allergy, which can have detrimental effects on quality of life and trigger anxiety. Although multiple therapeutic options are emerging, the focus of current management strategies is strict peanut avoidance and carriage of self-injectable epinephrine. The greatest risk of reacting to peanut comes from direct ingestion, whereas casual skin contact or airborne exposure is highly unlikely to provoke significant symptoms. Patients and families must be educated about how to best execute strict peanut avoidance through careful label reading as well as how to understand and address likely and unlikely risk with regard to peanut exposure in public, in particular when dining outside of the home and for children attending school or child care. This review discusses the risk of exposure in public such as at school or on an airplane and how such risk can be abated, situations and scenarios when dining out of the house that may pose more risks than others, the essentials of US and EU label reading laws with particular emphasis on precautionary labeling and the risk implied by such, quality of life and psychosocial issues that may affect the peanut allergic individual and family, and a discussion of how risk may differ and evolve based on the patient's age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Venter
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Food Challenge and Research Unit, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo; The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, Newport, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom.
| | - Scott H Sicherer
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and the Jafee Food Allergy Institute, New York, NY
| | - Matthew Greenhawt
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Food Challenge and Research Unit, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
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Popp J, Trendelenburg V, Niggemann B, Randow S, Völker E, Vogel L, Reuter A, Spiric J, Schiller D, Beyer K, Holzhauser T. Pea (Pisum sativum) allergy in children: Pis s 1 is an immunodominant major pea allergen and presents IgE binding sites with potential diagnostic value. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:625-635. [PMID: 32078204 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy to pea (Pisum sativum) has been rarely studied in children at the clinical and molecular levels. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the allergenic relevance and diagnostic value of pea 7S globulin Pis s 1, nsLTP, and 2S albumins PA1 and PA2 in children. METHODS Children with pea-specific IgE ≥ 0.35 kUA /L and clinical evidence of pea allergy or tolerance were included in the study. IgE binding against pea total protein extract, recombinant (r) rPis s 1, rPA1, rPA2, and natural nsLTP was analysed using IgE immunoblot/inhibition. Mediator release potency was investigated in passively sensitized rat basophil leukaemia (RBL) 2H3-cells. IgE binding to synthetic overlapping peptides of Pis s 1 was detected on multipeptide microarrays. RESULTS 19 pea-sensitized children were included, 14 with doctors' diagnosed allergy and 5 with tolerance to pea (median age 3.5 and 4.5 years, respectively). 11/14 (78%) pea-allergic and 1/5 (20%) tolerant children were sensitized to Pis s 1. Under the reducing conditions of immunoblot analysis, IgE binding to rPA1 was negligible, sensitization to rPA2 and nsLTP undetectable. Compared to pea total protein extract, rPis s 1 displayed on average 58% IgE binding capacity and a 20-fold higher mediator release potency. Selected Pis s 1-related peptides displayed IgE binding in pea-allergic but not in pea-tolerant children. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study group, Pis s 1 is a major immunodominant allergen in pea-allergic children. Evidence for sensitization to nsLTP and 2S albumins was low but requires further verification with regard to conformational epitopes. Recombinant Pis s 1 and related peptides which were exclusively recognized by pea-allergic children may improve in vitro diagnosis of pea allergy once verified in prospective studies with larger study groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Popp
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Valérie Trendelenburg
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bodo Niggemann
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Randow
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Elke Völker
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Lothar Vogel
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Andreas Reuter
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Jelena Spiric
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schiller
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Beyer
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Venter C, Groetch M, Netting M, Meyer R. A patient-specific approach to develop an exclusion diet to manage food allergy in infants and children. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:121-137. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Venter
- Children's Hospital Colorado; University of Colorado; Aurora CO USA
| | - M. Groetch
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Jaffe Food Allergy Institute; New York NY USA
| | - M. Netting
- Healthy Mothers Babies and Children's Theme; South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute; Adelaide SA Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics; School of Medicine; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
- Nutrition Department; Women's and Children's Health Network; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - R. Meyer
- Department Paediatrics; Imperial College; London UK
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