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Wang M, Lv X, Wang Y, Li Y, Li H, Shen Z, Zhao L. Biomarkers of peripheral blood neutrophil extracellular traps in the diagnosis and progression of malignant tumors. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6935. [PMID: 38230764 PMCID: PMC10905219 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The mortality rate associated with malignant tumors remains high and there is a lack of effective diagnostic and tumor progression markers. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can promote tumor-associated thrombosis, invasive metastasis, and inflammatory responses, but there is a lack of research on the value of measuring NETs in the peripheral blood of patients with malignancies. METHODS We included 263 patients with malignancies (55 gliomas, 101 ovarian, 64 colorectal, and 43 lung cancers) and 75 healthy controls in this study. We compared the levels of citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and systemic inflammation-related parameters, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune inflammation index, and systemic inflammation response index. We assessed the value of changes in NETs in peripheral blood to determine the diagnosis, venous thromboembolism, clinical staging, and systemic inflammatory response in patients with malignancy. RESULTS The levels of citH3 and cfDNA in peripheral blood can distinguish between healthy controls and tumor patients. The levels of citH3 and cfDNA before clinical intervention did not predict the risk of combined venous thromboembolism in oncology patients in the short-term after clinical intervention. The levels of citH3, cfDNA, and systemic inflammation-related parameters in the peripheral blood of tumor patients increased with the clinical stage. There was a correlation between cfDNA levels in peripheral blood and systemic inflammation-related parameters in tumor patients, and this correlation was more significant in patients with advanced tumors. CONCLUSIONS Changes in NETs in the peripheral blood differ between healthy controls and patients with malignant tumors. NETs may be involved in tumor-induced systemic inflammatory responses through interaction with circulating inflammatory cells, thus promoting tumor progression. NETs may be used as markers to assist in the diagnosis and progression of tumor malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Blood TransfusionSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiaoyan Lv
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Blood TransfusionSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Honghong Li
- Department of Blood TransfusionSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Zhongjun Shen
- Department of Blood TransfusionSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Liyan Zhao
- Department of Blood TransfusionSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
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2
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Shao BZ, Jiang JJ, Zhao YC, Zheng XR, Xi N, Zhao GR, Huang XW, Wang SL. Neutrophil extracellular traps in central nervous system (CNS) diseases. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16465. [PMID: 38188146 PMCID: PMC10771765 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive induction of inflammatory and immune responses is widely considered as one of vital factors contributing to the pathogenesis and progression of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Neutrophils are well-studied members of inflammatory and immune cell family, contributing to the innate and adaptive immunity. Neutrophil-released neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play an important role in the regulation of various kinds of diseases, including CNS diseases. In this review, current knowledge on the biological features of NETs will be introduced. In addition, the role of NETs in several popular and well-studied CNS diseases including cerebral stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and neurological cancers will be described and discussed through the reviewing of previous related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Zong Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yi-Cheng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Ren Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Wu Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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3
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Shang B, Cui H, Xie R, Wu J, Shi H, Bi X, Feng L, Shou J. Neutrophil extracellular traps primed intercellular communication in cancer progression as a promising therapeutic target. Biomark Res 2023; 11:24. [PMID: 36859358 PMCID: PMC9977644 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the anti-infection response, neutrophils are linked to tumor progression through the secretion of inflammation components and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. NET is a web-like structure constituted by a chromatin scaffold coated with specific nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, such as histone and granule peptides. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that NETs are favorable factors to promote tumor growth, invasion, migration, and immunosuppression. However, the cell-cell interaction between NETs and other cells (tumor cells and immune cells) is complicated and poorly studied. This work is the first review to focus on the intercellular communication mediated by NETs in cancer. We summarized the complex cell-cell interaction between NETs and other cells in the tumor microenvironment. We also address the significance of NETs as both prognostic/predictive biomarkers and molecular targets for cancer therapy. Moreover, we presented a comprehensive landscape of cancer immunity, improving the therapeutic efficacy for advanced cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Shang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan Nanli 17# Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 PR China
| | - Honglei Cui
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan Nanli 17# Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 PR China
| | - Ruiyang Xie
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan Nanli 17# Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 PR China
| | - Jie Wu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan Nanli 17# Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 PR China
| | - Hongzhe Shi
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan Nanli 17# Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 PR China
| | - Xingang Bi
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan Nanli 17# Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 PR China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR, China.
| | - Jianzhong Shou
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan Nanli 17# Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, PR, China.
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4
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Shafqat A, Noor Eddin A, Adi G, Al-Rimawi M, Abdul Rab S, Abu-Shaar M, Adi K, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Neutrophil extracellular traps in central nervous system pathologies: A mini review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1083242. [PMID: 36873885 PMCID: PMC9981681 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1083242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first cells to be recruited to sites of acute inflammation and contribute to host defense through phagocytosis, degranulation and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Neutrophils are rarely found in the brain because of the highly selective blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, several diseases disrupt the BBB and cause neuroinflammation. In this regard, neutrophils and NETs have been visualized in the brain after various insults, including traumatic (traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury), infectious (bacterial meningitis), vascular (ischemic stroke), autoimmune (systemic lupus erythematosus), neurodegenerative (multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease), and neoplastic (glioma) causes. Significantly, preventing neutrophil trafficking into the central nervous system or NET production in these diseases alleviates brain pathology and improves neurocognitive outcomes. This review summarizes the major studies on the contribution of NETs to central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ghaith Adi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mylia Abu-Shaar
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kareem Adi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Zhang Y, Song J, Zhang Y, Li T, Peng J, Zhou H, Zong Z. Emerging Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Gastrointestinal Tumors: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010334. [PMID: 36613779 PMCID: PMC9820455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular fibrous networks consisting of depolymerized chromatin DNA skeletons with a variety of antimicrobial proteins. They are secreted by activated neutrophils and play key roles in host defense and immune responses. Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are globally known for their high mortality and morbidity. Increasing research suggests that NETs contribute to the progression and metastasis of digestive tract tumors, among them gastric, colon, liver, and pancreatic cancers. This article explores the formation of NETs and reviews the role that NETs play in the gastrointestinal oncologic microenvironment, tumor proliferation and metastasis, tumor-related thrombosis, and surgical stress. At the same time, we analyze the qualitative and quantitative detection methods of NETs in recent years and found that NETs are specific markers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Then, we explore the possibility of NET inhibitors for the treatment of digestive tract tumor diseases to provide a new, efficient, and safe solution for the future therapy of gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- HuanKui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Nanchang University School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Queen Marry College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ting Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Haonan Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Marry College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence:
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6
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Zhao J, Jin J. Neutrophil extracellular traps: New players in cancer research. Front Immunol 2022; 13:937565. [PMID: 36059520 PMCID: PMC9437524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NETs are chromatin-derived webs extruded from neutrophils as a result of either infection or sterile stimulation using chemicals, cytokines, or microbes. In addition to the classical role that NETs play in innate immunity against infection and injuries, NETs have been implicated extensively in cancer progression, metastatic dissemination, and therapy resistance. The purpose of this review is to describe recent investigations into NETs and the roles they play in tumor biology and to explore their potential as therapeutic targets in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Changsha Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University/The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Junjie Zhao, ; Jiaqi Jin,
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Junjie Zhao, ; Jiaqi Jin,
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7
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Wienkamp AK, Erpenbeck L, Rossaint J. Platelets in the NETworks interweaving inflammation and thrombosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:953129. [PMID: 35979369 PMCID: PMC9376363 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.953129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are well characterized for their indispensable role in primary hemostasis to control hemorrhage. Research over the past years has provided a substantial body of evidence demonstrating that platelets also participate in host innate immunity. The surface expression of pattern recognition receptors, such as TLR2 and TLR4, provides platelets with the ability to sense bacterial products in their environment. Platelet α-granules contain microbicidal proteins, chemokines and growth factors, which upon release may directly engage pathogens and/or contribute to inflammatory signaling. Additionally, platelet interactions with neutrophils enhance neutrophil activation and are often crucial to induce a sufficient immune response. In particular, platelets can activate neutrophils to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). This specific neutrophil effector function is characterized by neutrophils expelling chromatin fibres decorated with histones and antimicrobial proteins into the extracellular space where they serve to trap and kill pathogens. Until now, the mechanisms and signaling pathways between platelets and neutrophils inducing NET formation are still not fully characterized. NETs were also detected in thrombotic lesions in several disease backgrounds, pointing towards a role as an interface between neutrophils, platelets and thrombosis, also known as immunothrombosis. The negatively charged DNA within NETs provides a procoagulant surface, and in particular NET-derived proteins may directly activate platelets. In light of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the topic of immunothrombosis has become more relevant than ever, as a majority of COVID-19 patients display thrombi in the lung capillaries and other vascular beds. Furthermore, NETs can be found in the lung and other tissues and are associated with an increased mortality. Here, virus infiltration may lead to a cytokine storm that potently activates neutrophils and leads to massive neutrophil infiltration into the lung and NET formation. The resulting NETs presumably activate platelets and coagulation factors, further contributing to the subsequent emergence of microthrombi in pulmonary capillaries. In this review, we will discuss the interplay between platelets and NETs and the potential of this alliance to influence the course of inflammatory diseases. A better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and the identification of treatment targets is of utmost importance to increase patients’ survival and improve the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Wienkamp
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Luise Erpenbeck
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jan Rossaint,
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8
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Mamtimin M, Pinarci A, Han C, Braun A, Anders HJ, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Extracellular DNA Traps: Origin, Function and Implications for Anti-Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:869706. [PMID: 35574410 PMCID: PMC9092261 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.869706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular DNA may serve as marker in liquid biopsies to determine individual diagnosis and prognosis in cancer patients. Cell death or active release from various cell types, including immune cells can result in the release of DNA into the extracellular milieu. Neutrophils are important components of the innate immune system, controlling pathogens through phagocytosis and/or the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs also promote tumor progression and metastasis, by modulating angiogenesis, anti-tumor immunity, blood clotting and inflammation and providing a supportive niche for metastasizing cancer cells. Besides neutrophils, other immune cells such as eosinophils, dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, mast cells, basophils and lymphocytes can also form extracellular traps (ETs) during cancer progression, indicating possible multiple origins of extracellular DNA in cancer. In this review, we summarize the pathomechanisms of ET formation generated by different cell types, and analyze these processes in the context of cancer. We also critically discuss potential ET-inhibiting agents, which may open new therapeutic strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medina Mamtimin
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Akif Pinarci
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Chao Han
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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