1
|
Jiang S, Sun M, Meng P, Zhang X, Sun Y. Ultramicro and ultrasensitive detection of lipopolysaccharides based on triple-signal amplification via ultrafast ATRP and an ultramicroelectrode. Analyst 2023; 148:6359-6368. [PMID: 37966725 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01624b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive testing of trace lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is very important due to their high toxicity to the human body. Here, an ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor requiring only 5 μL solution was developed for LPS detection via triple-signal amplification based on ultrafast atom transfer radical polymerization (UATRP) and a Au ultramicroelectrode (UME). Firstly, the Au UME was modified with gold nanoparticles (nAu) and an LPS aptamer (Apt) in turn. When the Apt recognized LPS, the ATRP initiator of 4-(bromomethyl)phenylboronic acid (BPA) could be tethered to the electrode by covalent cross-linking between the phenylboronic acid moiety and the cis-diol site of LPS. Then UATRP was conducted for 2.5 min with nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) as the photocatalyst and methylacrolein (MLA) as the monomer. After the electroactive probes of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were formed on the surface of poly(MLA) by the silver mirror reaction, the electrochemical sensor was successfully prepared. Under the optimal conditions, the sensor exhibited a lower detection limit and a wider linear range when it was compared with a similar assay for LPS. In particular, the LOD of 7.99 × 10-2 pg mL-1 was better than that of the limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL)-based technique, which is the gold standard for LPS detection. In the end, the sensor reported in this paper showed good selectivity and satisfactory feasibility for LPS detection in real biological samples and food products. The results obtained from the drug, blood and potable water samples laid a strong foundation for its clinical applications and application in other fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.
| | - Mingyang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.
| | - Peiran Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hao W, Yu TT, Zuo DZ, Hu HZ, Zhou PP. Stevioside attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by activating the Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathways. Exp Lung Res 2023; 49:205-219. [PMID: 38044666 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2023.2286465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of stevioside (STE) on pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and the potential mechanisms. Methods: In this study, a mouse model of PF was established by a single intratracheal injection of bleomycin (BLM, 3 mg/kg). The experiment consisted of four groups: control group, BLM group, and STE treatment groups (STE 50 and 100 mg/kg). ELISA and biochemical tests were conducted to determine the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NO, hydroxyproline (HYP), SOD, GSH, and MDA. Histopathological changes and collagen deposition in lung tissues were observed by HE and Masson staining. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the levels of collagen I-, collagen III-, TGF-β1- and p-Smad2/3-positive cells. Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, including α-SMA, vimentin, E-cadherin, and ZO-1, as well as proteins related to the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway in lung tissues. Results: STE significantly alleviated BLM-induced body weight loss and lung injury in mice, decreased HYP levels, and reduced the levels of collagen I- and collagen III-positive cells, thereby decreasing extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Moreover, STE markedly improved oxidative stress (MDA levels were decreased, while SOD and GSH activity were enhanced), the inflammatory response (the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NO were reduced), and EMT (the expression of α-SMA and vimentin was downregulated, and the expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1 was upregulated). Further mechanistic analysis revealed that STE could activate the Nrf2 pathway and inhibit the NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathways. Conclusion: STE may alleviate oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2 pathway, suppress the inflammatory response by downregulating the NF-κB pathway, and inhibit EMT progression by blocking the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway, thereby improving BLM-induced PF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hao
- Department of Functional Experimental Training Center, Basic Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yu
- Department of Functional Experimental Training Center, Basic Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Dong-Ze Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, China
| | - Heng-Zhao Hu
- School of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Ping-Ping Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tirunavalli SK, Pramatha S, Eedara AC, Walvekar KP, Immanuel C, Potdar P, Nayak PG, Chamallamudi MR, Sistla R, Chilaka S, Andugulapati SB. Protective effect of β-glucan on Poly(I:C)-induced acute lung injury/inflammation: Therapeutic implications of viral infections in the respiratory system. Life Sci 2023; 330:122027. [PMID: 37597767 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Acute lung inflammation, particularly acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), is caused by a variety of pathogens including bacteria and viruses. β-Glucans have been reported to possess both anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The current study evaluated the therapeutic effect of β-glucans on polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) induced lung inflammation in both hamster and mice models. MAIN METHODS Poly(I:C)-induced ALI/inflammation models were developed in hamsters (2.5 mg/kg) and mice (2 mg/kg) by delivering the Poly(I:C) intratracheally, and followed with and without β-glucan administration. After treatment, lung mechanics were assessed and lung tissues were isolated and analyzed for mRNA/protein expression, and histopathological examinations. KEY FINDINGS Poly(I:C) administration, caused a significant elevation of inflammatory marker's expression in lung tissues and showed abnormal lung mechanics in mice and hamsters. Interestingly, treatment with β-glucan significantly (p < 0.001) reversed the Poly(I:C)-induced inflammatory events and inflammatory markers expression in both mRNA (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, CCL2 and CCL7) and protein levels (TNF-α, CD68, myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, MUC-5Ac and iNOS). Lung functional assays revealed that β-glucan treatment significantly improved lung mechanics. Histopathological analysis showed that β-glucan treatment significantly attenuated the Poly(I:C) induced inflammatory cell infiltration, injury and goblet cell population in lung tissues. Consistent with these findings, β-glucan treatment markedly reduced the number of neutrophils and macrophages in lung tissues. Our findings further demonstrated that β-glucan could reduce inflammation by suppressing the MAPK pathway. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggested that β-glucan may attenuate the pathogenic effects of Poly(I:C)-induced ALI/ARDS via modulating the MAPK pathway, indicating β-glucan as a possible therapeutic agent for the treatment of viral-pulmonary inflammation/injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satya Krishna Tirunavalli
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Shashidhar Pramatha
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhisheik Chowdary Eedara
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Komal Paresh Walvekar
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Christiana Immanuel
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Pooja Potdar
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Pawan G Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Chamallamudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Sabarinadh Chilaka
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India.
| | - Sai Balaji Andugulapati
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India.
| |
Collapse
|