1
|
Sun R, Xiang T, Tang J, Peng W, Luo J, Li L, Qiu Z, Tan Y, Ye L, Zhang M, Ren G, Tao Q. 19q13 KRAB zinc-finger protein ZNF471 activates MAPK10/JNK3 signaling but is frequently silenced by promoter CpG methylation in esophageal cancer. Theranostics 2020; 10:2243-2259. [PMID: 32089740 PMCID: PMC7019175 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-finger proteins (ZFPs) are the largest transcription factor family in mammals, involved in the regulation of multiple physiologic processes including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and neoplastic transformation. Approximately one-third of ZFPs are Krüppel-associated box domain (KRAB)-ZFPs. Methods: ZNF471 expression and methylation were detected by reverse-transcription PCR and methylation-specific PCR. The impact and mechanism of ectopic ZNF471 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results: We identified a 19q13 KRAB-ZFP, ZNF471, as a methylated target in ESCC. We further found that ZNF471 is significantly downregulated in ESCC tissues compared with adjacent non-cancer tissues, due to its aberrant promoter CpG methylation, and further confirmed by methylation analysis and treatment with demethylation agent. Restoration of ZNF471 expression in silenced ESCC cells significantly altered cell morphology, induced apoptosis and G0/G1 arrest, and inhibited tumor cell colony formation, viability, migration and invasion. Importantly, ZNF471 was found to activate the expression of MAPK10/JNK3 and PCDH family genes, and further enhance MAPK10 signaling and downstream gene expression through binding to the MAPK10/JNK3 promoter. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that ZNF471 is an important tumor suppressor and loss of ZNF471 functions hampers MAPK10/JNK3 signaling during esophageal carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
2
|
Severson PL, Tokar EJ, Vrba L, Waalkes MP, Futscher BW. Coordinate H3K9 and DNA methylation silencing of ZNFs in toxicant-induced malignant transformation. Epigenetics 2013; 8:1080-8. [PMID: 23974009 PMCID: PMC3891689 DOI: 10.4161/epi.25926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide disruption of the epigenetic code is a hallmark of malignancy that encompasses many distinct, highly interactive modifications. Delineating the aberrant epigenome produced during toxicant-mediated malignant transformation will help identify the underlying epigenetic drivers of environmental toxicant-induced carcinogenesis. Gene promoter DNA methylation and gene expression profiling of arsenite-transformed prostate epithelial cells showed a negative correlation between gene expression changes and DNA methylation changes; however, less than 10% of the genes with increased promoter methylation were downregulated. Studies described herein confirm that a majority of the DNA hypermethylation events occur at H3K27me3 marked genes that were already transcriptionally repressed. In contrast to aberrant DNA methylation targeting H3K27me3 pre-marked silent genes, we found that actively expressed C2H2 zinc finger genes (ZNFs) marked with H3K9me3 on their 3′ ends, were the favored targets of DNA methylation linked gene silencing. DNA methylation coupled, H3K9me3 mediated gene silencing of ZNF genes was widespread, occurring at individual ZNF genes on multiple chromosomes and across ZNF gene family clusters. At ZNF gene promoters, H3K9me3 and DNA hypermethylation replaced H3K4me3, resulting in a widespread downregulation of ZNF gene expression, which accounted for 8% of all the downregulated genes in the arsenical-transformed cells. In summary, these studies associate toxicant exposure with widespread silencing of ZNF genes by DNA hypermethylation-linked H3K9me3 spreading, further implicating epigenetic dysfunction as a driver of toxicant associated carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Severson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmacy; University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Erik J Tokar
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Lukas Vrba
- University of Arizona Cancer Center; Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Michael P Waalkes
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Bernard W Futscher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmacy; University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center; Tucson, AZ USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qu J, Lu W, Li B, Lu C, Wan X. WWOX induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in cervical cancer and cell lines. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31:1139-47. [PMID: 23525362 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common gynecological malignancy, but the molecular events involved in its development remain unclear. The tumor‑suppressor gene, WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX), has been found to be lost in various types of cancers. Few studies have been reported detailing the function of WWOX in human cervical cancer; therefore we aimed to investigate the role played by WWOX in human cervical cancer. Immunohistochemistry was used to study preinvasive and invasive primary cervical cancer. Full length cDNA was transfected into HeLa cells to overexpress WWOX, and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was transfected into SiHa cells to deplete its expression, respectively. The cellular levels of WWOX RNA and protein were detected by real-time PCR and western immunoblotting. Proliferation rates were assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), plate colony formation and soft agar colony assays. Cellular apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The activity of caspase-3 and its protein levels were determined by caspase-3 activity assay and western blot analysis. Xenografts were established by injecting cells into nude mice. The results showed that WWOX expression was decreased in human cervical cancer and cervical cancer cell lines. Reconstitution of WWOX in HeLa cells inhibited their proliferation and induced apoptosis, while knockdown of WWOX in SiHa cells promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Xenografts in groups of mice verified the effect in vivo. These data suggest that underexpression of WWOX is associated with cervical cancer development. Modulation of WWOX expression may be an effective and novel method for the treatment of cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Qu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheng Y, Geng H, Cheng SH, Liang P, Bai Y, Li J, Srivastava G, Ng MH, Fukagawa T, Wu X, Chan AT, Tao Q. KRAB Zinc Finger Protein ZNF382 Is a Proapoptotic Tumor Suppressor That Represses Multiple Oncogenes and Is Commonly Silenced in Multiple Carcinomas. Cancer Res 2010; 70:6516-26. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-4566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
5
|
Nordlander C, Behboudi A, Levan G, Levan KK. Allelic imbalance on chromosome 10 in rat endometrial adenocarcinomas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 156:158-66. [PMID: 15642397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2004] [Revised: 04/27/2004] [Accepted: 05/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Earlier work using comparative genome hybridization (CGH) has shown that rat chromosome 10 (RNO10) is frequently involved in cytogenetic aberrations in BDII rat endometrial adenocarcinomas (EAC). Relative reduction in copy number (chromosomal deletions) was seen in the proximal to middle part of the chromosome, whereas there were increases in copy number in the distal part. The occurrence of RNO10 aberrations was further analyzed in DNA from primary tumor material from 42 EACs and 3 benign endometrial tumors using allelotyping of microsatellite markers. We found frequently that there were 4 quite distinct RNO10 regions that exhibited allelic imbalance. Based on these findings we believe that genes with relevance to EAC tumor development are situated in each of these chromosome regions. Extrapolation of our microsatellite marker data to the rat draft DNA sequence will facilitate the definition of the regions at the level of the DNA and to select and characterize candidate genes within each of the affected chromosome regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carola Nordlander
- Lundberg Laboratory, CMB-Genetics, Göteborg University, Box 462, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yasuda M, Kotajima S, Kajiwara H, Takekoshi S, Osamura RY, Yoshitake T, Muramatsu T, Miyamoto T, Murakami M, Shinozuka T. Loss of heterozygosity alterations associated with progesterone therapy in endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2005; 15:155-62. [PMID: 15670311 DOI: 10.1111/j.1048-891x.2005.14423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was analyzed in four patients with endometrial hyperplasia (EH) with atypia (two patients) and without atypia (two patients) and in five patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma (EAC) to clarify the clinicopathologic relationship between genetic alterations and hormone therapy. Each patient was initially administered high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) as a uterine-sparing treatment. The five microsatellite markers used to analyze LOH were at chromosomal loci 8p22.1, 8p21, 8p21.3, 8p22, and 8p22. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded sections before, during, and after MPA therapy using laser capture microdissection. As a result, LOH was more frequently detected after MPA therapy (overall ratios were 16, 17, and 29% before, during, and after MPA therapy, respectively). LOH is more easily detected in EH loci than in EAC loci before MPA. For EAC, initial LOH detection on chromosome 8 may be related to an incomplete response to MPA, but negative LOH does not guarantee a favorable treatment outcome. For EH or atypical endometrial hyperplasia, it is unknown whether LOH alteration associated with MPA therapy is related to atypia of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Yasuda
- Department of Pathology and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Miyai K, Furugen Y, Matsumoto T, Iwabuchi K, Hirose S, Kinoshita K, Fujii H. Loss of heterozygosity analysis in uterine cervical adenocarcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2004; 94:115-20. [PMID: 15262128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uterine cervical adenocarcinoma (CAC) is a rare form of cervical cancer, constituting only 5-8% of all cervical epithelial malignancies. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis of CAC was undertaken to identify alterations of chromosomal loci that may play important roles in the development of this tumor type. METHODS We analyzed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) using a total of 50 markers on 20 chromosomal arms in 37 cases of microdissected CAC DNA. RESULTS LOH of >40% was observed on 2p (50%), 3p (45%), 9p (45%), 11q (46%), 17p (57%), 17q (44%), 18q (57%), and 19p (44%). LOH of 30-40% was observed on 6p (38%), 6q (40%), and 10q (31%). Overall, mean LOH was 34% and fractional allelic loss (FAL) was 0.34. High-level and low-level microsatellite instability (MSI) was shown in four cases (11%) and six cases (16%), respectively. Frequency of LOH on10q was significantly higher in endometrioid-type than endocervical-type adenocarcinoma (71% versus 20%; P < 0.05). Conversely, 6q LOH was higher in endocervical type than endometrioid type (0% versus 60%; P < 0.05). 19p13.3 has been reported to be frequently deleted in adenoma malignum, a histological subtype of CAC. To define the critical regions of LOH in CAC in general, we further performed deletion mapping of 19p using 13 markers. Unlike adenoma malignum, multiple regions on 19p appeared to be important loci of LOH for CAC. CONCLUSION CACs develop with frequent LOH of multiple chromosomal arms, which may be related to its aggressive clinical behavior and poor prognosis. LOH of 10q may be unique to endometrioid-type CAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Minaguchi T, Yoshikawa H, Nakagawa S, Yasugi T, Yano T, Iwase H, Mizutani K, Shiromizu K, Ohmi K, Watanabe Y, Noda K, Nishiu M, Nakamura Y, Taketani Y. Association of PTEN mutation with HPV-negative adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Cancer Lett 2004; 210:57-62. [PMID: 15172121 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2003] [Revised: 03/03/2004] [Accepted: 03/17/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Serous, mucinous, endometrioid, and clear cell adenocarcinomas arise from reproductive organs of mullerian origin. Although the mutation of PTEN, a tumor suppressor, is known to be involved in tumorigenesis of endometrioid adenocarcinomas of the endometrium and ovary, the role of PTEN alteration in endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the cervix remains to be investigated. To elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of cervical adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma, and in particular to examine the potential role of PTEN mutation in endometrioid-type cancer of the cervix, we analyzed 32 cervical adeno- or adenosquamous carcinomas (8 endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 14 mucinous adenocarcinomas and 10 adenosquamous carcinomas) for PTEN mutations and HPV infections. PTEN mutation was detected in 2 of 8 (25.0%) endometrioid cases, 2 of 14 (14.3%) mucinous cases, and none of 10 (0%) adenosquamous cases. HPV DNA was detected in 11 out of 18 (61.1%) PTEN wild-type adenocarcinomas and 8 out of 10 (80.0%) adenosquamous carcinomas. Among 11 HPV-negative adenocarcinomas, 40.0% (2/5) endometrioid cases and 33.3% (2/6) mucinous cases were shown to be PTEN mutated, while no cases (0/21) were PTEN-mutant in the remainder (i.e. adenosquamous carcinomas and HPV-positive adenocarcinomas). The current observations suggest that PTEN mutation is frequently detected in HPV-negative adenocarcinomas of the cervix and the most prevalent occurrence of PTEN mutation in endometrioid subtype is keeping with endometrial and ovarian carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Minaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yasuda M, Matsui N, Kajiwara H, Osamura RY, Miyamoto T, Murakami M, Shinozuka T, Itoh J. Malignant transformation of atypical endometrial hyperplasia after progesterone therapy showing germ-cell tumor-like differentiation. Pathol Int 2004; 54:451-6. [PMID: 15144406 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2004.01644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 31-year-old woman was treated for atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) with high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) therapy to preserve fertility. The AEH was found by repeated cytologic and histologic examinations to have completely disappeared with the therapy, but 3 years after her last follow up she required emergency surgery to treat severe genital bleeding. The hysterectomied uterus consisted mostly of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, G3 endometrioid type. Minor AEH was present in the exophytic area, in which some glands were cystically dilated. Part of the AEH had transformed into other histologic features with germ-cell-like differentiation, demonstrated by immunohistochemical positive reaction of placental alkaline phosphatase, alpha-fetoprotein, and human chorionic gonadotrophin. Recurrent AEH had undergone malignant transformation, resulting in the development of well- and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and tumor exhibiting germ-cell-like differentiation. The patient died of a massive tumor extension 7 months after surgery. The AEH before MPA therapy and the recurrent tumors had genetically different characteristics based on evidence of a loss of heterozygosity, detected at D8S1132 (chromosomal locus, 8q22.1) in the latter but not in the former, by analysis of genetic alterations using microsatellite markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yasuda
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sasiadek MM, Stembalska-Kozlowska A, Smigiel R, Ramsey D, Kayademir T, Blin N. Impairment of MLH1 and CDKN2A in oncogenesis of laryngeal cancer. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:1594-9. [PMID: 15083191 PMCID: PMC2410272 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed at elucidating which genetic alterations tend to form a network and could be applied as molecular markers of larynx squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). A panel of genes involved in tumorigenesis was investigated. To search for the possible mechanisms of gene silencing, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was analysed followed by testing DNA methylation and protein expression for those genes found with the highest frequency of LOH (CDKN2A (55.4%), MLH1 (46.0%), RB1 (35.7%)). A correlation of both LOH and hypermethylation with the loss of expression for CDKN2A and MLH1 was found. Disrupted Rb pathway (loss of expression of RB1 and/or of CDKN2A) in 55.9% of analysed cases confirmed the hypothesis that RB1 pathway is altered in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, with CDKN2A (45%), rather than RB1 (11.8%) being more frequently inactivated. In LSCC, LOH tends to occur together in gene pairs or triplets. The pair MLH1/CDKN2A and triplets MLH1/TSG on 8p22/CDKN2A and MLH1/CDKN2A/RB1 are related to staging and grading. LOH in MLH1 correlates with lower and LOH in CDKN2A with higher grades of LSCC. It can be concluded that MLH1 and CDKN2A play an important role in LSCC development and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Sasiadek
- Department of Genetics, Medical University, ul. Marcinkowskiego 1, Wroclaw 50-368, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tsuda H, Mikami Y, Kaku T, Akiyama F, Hasegawa T, Okada S, Hayashi I, Kasamatsu T. Interobserver variation in the diagnosis of adenoma malignum (minimal deviation adenocarcinoma) of the uterine cervix. Pathol Int 2003; 53:440-9. [PMID: 12828609 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1827.2003.01497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To examine the interobserver agreement level of the histological diagnosis of adenoma malignum (ADM), 52 proliferative endocervical glandular lesions were evaluated independently by four observers (A to D), each of whom is in charge of gynecological pathology at a different hospital. The correlation of diagnosis by each observer with patient outcome was also examined for 19 of these lesions. When the diagnoses were categorized into benign lesions including hyperplasias, ADM, and common types of adenocarcinoma, consistent diagnoses among all observers were achieved for only 12 lesions (23%), with a slight level of interobserver agreement (kappa=0.115). The points of disagreement were as follows: (i) whether proliferative endocervical glandular lesions preserving lobular structures were diagnosed as benign or as ADM; and (ii) whether proliferative endocervical glandular lesions with a discrete area of obvious adenocarcinoma were diagnosed as ADM or as common-type adenocarcinoma. The mortality rates of patients with ADM diagnosed by observers A, B, C, and D were 60% (3 of 5), 25% (3 of 12), 14% (1 of 7), and 13% (2 of 15), respectively. Therefore, ADM diagnosed by observers A and B was frequently lethal, whereas ADM diagnosed by observers C and D was mostly non-lethal and might contain benign lesions. The diagnosis of ADM covered various spectra of proliferative endocervical glandular lesions among the observers. Disagreement in the diagnosis was suggested to derive largely from the absence of consensus criteria for differential diagnosis among benign hyperplastic lesions, ADM, and common adenocarcinoma, and from differences in the observers' interpretations about cellular atypia and invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Tsuda
- Department of Pathology II, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
There is continuing interest in the study of adenocarcinoma of the cervix and its precursors because of its increase in incidence, both absolute and relative, to squamous neoplasia and the complexity of benign glandular lesions with which endocervical neoplasia may be confused. Investigative techniques may be applied as aids to diagnosis, as prognostic markers, and to further our understanding of etiopathogenesis. This article focuses on recent developments in the four areas of epithelial glycoproteins, molecular markers, cell proliferation markers, and human papillomaviruses as applied to endocervical pathology. Although immunohistochemistry remains dominant, a wide range of other techniques is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wells
- Division of Genomic Medicine, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|