1
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Hurley KA, Folz J, Zgraggen J, Cruz TN, Diedrich S, Sturla SJ. Enzymatic Acrolein Production System and Its Impact on Human Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:1374-1381. [PMID: 39155646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Acrolein is an environmental toxicant and is also generated by microbial metabolism in the intestinal tract. Aqueous acrolein rapidly dissipates from standard human cell culture media with nondetectable levels after 8 h, hindering cell-based studies to understand its biological impacts. Thus, we developed an extracellular acrolein biosynthesis system to continuously produce acrolein compatible with human cell culture conditions. The approach uses spermine as a precursor, amine oxidase found in fetal calf serum, and catalase to remove the hydrogen peroxide byproduct. We confirmed amine oxidase activity of calf serum using a colorimetric assay and further tested the requirement for catalase in the system to mitigate hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity. We calibrated responses of human colon cells to this enzymatic acrolein production system by comparing transcriptional responses, DNA adduct formation and cytotoxicity responses to either this system or pure acrolein exposures in a human colon cell line. Several genes related to oxidative stress including HMOX1, and the colorectal cancer-related gene SEMA4A were upregulated similarly between the enzymatic acrolein production system or pure acrolein. The acrolein-DNA adduct γ-OH-Acr-dG increased in a dose-dependent manner with spermine in the enzymatic acrolein production system, producing a maximum of 1065 adducts per 108 nucleosides when 400 μM spermine was used. This biosynthetic production method provides a relevant model for controlled acrolein exposure in cultured human cells and overcomes current limitations due to its physical properties and limited availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Hurley
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Jacob Folz
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Zgraggen
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Tania N Cruz
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Diedrich
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Shana J Sturla
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
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2
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Šebela M, Rašková M. Polyamine-Derived Aminoaldehydes and Acrolein: Cytotoxicity, Reactivity and Analysis of the Induced Protein Modifications. Molecules 2023; 28:7429. [PMID: 37959847 PMCID: PMC10648994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines participate in the processes of cell growth and development. The degradation branch of their metabolism involves amine oxidases. The oxidation of spermine, spermidine and putrescine releases hydrogen peroxide and the corresponding aminoaldehyde. Polyamine-derived aminoaldehydes have been found to be cytotoxic, and they represent the subject of this review. 3-aminopropanal disrupts the lysosomal membrane and triggers apoptosis or necrosis in the damaged cells. It is implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, 3-aminopropanal yields acrolein through the elimination of ammonia. This reactive aldehyde is also generated by the decomposition of aminoaldehydes produced in the reaction of serum amine oxidase with spermidine or spermine. In addition, acrolein is a common environmental pollutant. It causes covalent modifications of proteins, including carbonylation, the production of Michael-type adducts and cross-linking, and it has been associated with inflammation-related diseases. APAL and acrolein are detoxified by aldehyde dehydrogenases and other mechanisms. High-performance liquid chromatography, immunochemistry and mass spectrometry have been largely used to analyze the presence of polyamine-derived aminoaldehydes and protein modifications elicited by their effect. However, the main and still open challenge is to find clues for discovering clear linkages between aldehyde-induced modifications of specific proteins and the development of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Šebela
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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3
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Ragno R, Minarini A, Proia E, Lorenzo A, Milelli A, Tumiatti V, Fiore M, Fino P, Rutigliano L, Fioravanti R, Tahara T, Pacella E, Greco A, Canettieri G, Di Paolo ML, Agostinelli E. Bovine Serum Amine Oxidase and Polyamine Analogues: Chemical Synthesis and Biological Evaluation Integrated with Molecular Docking and 3-D QSAR Studies. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:3910-3927. [PMID: 35948439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural polyamines (PAs) are key players in cellular homeostasis by regulating cell growth and proliferation. Several observations highlight that PAs are also implicated in pathways regulating cell death. Indeed, the PA accumulation cytotoxic effect, maximized with the use of bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO) enzyme, represents a valuable strategy against tumor progression. In the present study, along with the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of new spermine (Spm) analogues (1-23), a mixed structure-based (SB) and ligand-based (LB) protocol was applied. Binding modes of BSAO-PA modeled complexes led to clarify electrostatic and steric features likely affecting the BSAO-PA biochemical kinetics. LB and SB three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (Py-CoMFA and Py-ComBinE) models were developed by means of the 3d-qsar.com portal, and their analysis represents a strong basis for future design and synthesis of PA BSAO substrates for potential application in oxidative stress-induced chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Anna Minarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Eleonora Proia
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Antonini Lorenzo
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Andrea Milelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto, 237, Rimini 47921, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tumiatti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto, 237, Rimini 47921, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Department Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Via E. Ramarini, 32, Monterotondo Scalo Rome 00015, Italy
| | - Pasquale Fino
- UOC of Dermatology, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza Medical School of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome I-00161, Italy
| | - Lavinia Rutigliano
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico155, Rome I-00161, Italy
| | - Rossella Fioravanti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Tomoaki Tahara
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico155, Rome I-00161, Italy
| | - Elena Pacella
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico155, Rome I-00161, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico155, Rome I-00161, Italy
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome 00161, Italy.,Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Paolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University Padua, Via G. Colombo 3, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico155, Rome I-00161, Italy.,International Polyamines Foundation 'ETS-ONLUS', Via del Forte Tiburtino 98, Rome I-00159, Italy
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4
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Kaiser A, Agostinelli E. Hypusinated EIF5A as a feasible drug target for Advanced Medicinal Therapies in the treatment of pathogenic parasites and therapy-resistant tumors. Amino Acids 2022; 54:501-511. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Kanamori Y, Finotti A, Di Magno L, Canettieri G, Tahara T, Timeus F, Greco A, Tirassa P, Gasparello J, Fino P, Di Liegro CM, Proia P, Schiera G, Di Liegro I, Gambari R, Agostinelli E. Enzymatic Spermine Metabolites Induce Apoptosis Associated with Increase of p53, caspase-3 and miR-34a in Both Neuroblastoma Cells, SJNKP and the N-Myc-Amplified Form IMR5. Cells 2021; 10:1950. [PMID: 34440719 PMCID: PMC8393918 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common malignant solid tumor in children and accounts for 15% of childhood cancer mortality. Amplification of the N-Myc oncogene is a well-established poor prognostic marker in NB patients and strongly correlates with higher tumor aggression and resistance to treatment. New therapies for patients with N-Myc-amplified NB need to be developed. After treating NB cells with BSAO/SPM, the detection of apoptosis was determined after annexin V-FITC labeling and DNA staining with propidium iodide. The mitochondrial membrane potential activity was checked, labeling cells with the probe JC-1 dye. We analyzed, by real-time RT-PCR, the transcript of genes involved in the apoptotic process, to determine possible down- or upregulation of mRNAs after the treatment on SJNKP and the N-Myc-amplified IMR5 cell lines with BSAO/SPM. The experiments were carried out considering the proapoptotic genes Tp53 and caspase-3. After treatment with BSAO/SPM, both cell lines displayed increased mRNA levels for all these proapoptotic genes. Western blotting analysis with PARP and caspase-3 antibody support that BSAO/SPM treatment induces high levels of apoptosis in cells. The major conclusion is that BSAO/SPM treatment leads to antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity of both NB cell lines, associated with activation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kanamori
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.F.); (J.G.); (R.G.)
| | - Laura Di Magno
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.D.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.D.M.); (G.C.)
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Tomoaki Tahara
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (T.T.)
| | - Fabio Timeus
- Paediatric Onco-haematology, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital and Paediatric Department, Chivasso Hospital, 10034 Turin, Italy;
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (T.T.)
| | - Paola Tirassa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Jessica Gasparello
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.F.); (J.G.); (R.G.)
| | - Pasquale Fino
- UOC of Dermatology, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza Medical School of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (C.M.D.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Patrizia Proia
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement (Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, Pedagogiche, dell’Esercizio fisico e della Formazione), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (C.M.D.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Italia Di Liegro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.F.); (J.G.); (R.G.)
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (T.T.)
- International Polyamines Foundation ‘ETS-ONLUS’ Via del Forte Tiburtino 98, 00159 Rome, Italy
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6
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Di Paolo ML, Cervelli M, Mariottini P, Leonetti A, Polticelli F, Rosini M, Milelli A, Basagni F, Venerando R, Agostinelli E, Minarini A. Exploring the activity of polyamine analogues on polyamine and spermine oxidase: methoctramine, a potent and selective inhibitor of polyamine oxidase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:740-752. [PMID: 30829081 PMCID: PMC6407594 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1584620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fourteen polyamine analogues, asymmetric or symmetric substituted spermine (1-9) or methoctramine (10-14) analogues, were evaluated as potential inhibitors or substrates of two enzymes of the polyamine catabolic pathway, spermine oxidase (SMOX) and acetylpolyamine oxidase (PAOX). Compound 2 turned out to be the best substrate for PAOX, having the highest affinity and catalytic efficiency with respect to its physiological substrates. Methoctramine (10), a well-known muscarinic M2 receptor antagonist, emerged as the most potent competitive PAOX inhibitor known so far (Ki = 10 nM), endowed with very good selectivity compared with SMOX (Ki=1.2 μM vs SMOX). The efficacy of methoctramine in inhibiting PAOX activity was confirmed in the HT22 cell line. Methoctramine is a very promising tool in the design of drugs targeting the polyamine catabolism pathway, both to understand the physio-pathological role of PAOX vs SMOX and for pharmacological applications, being the polyamine pathway involved in various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fabio Polticelli
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
- Roma Tre Section, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Roma, Italy
| | - Michela Rosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Milelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Filippo Basagni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rina Venerando
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Science "A. Rossi Fanelli", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
- International Polyamines Foundation – ONLUS –Via del Forte Tiburtino 98, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Minarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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7
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Ohkubo S, Mancinelli R, Miglietta S, Cona A, Angelini R, Canettieri G, Spandidos DA, Gaudio E, Agostinelli E. Maize polyamine oxidase in the presence of spermine/spermidine induces the apoptosis of LoVo human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:2080-2094. [PMID: 31081059 PMCID: PMC6521933 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amine oxidases, which contribute to the regulation of polyamine levels, catalyze the oxidative deamination of polyamines to generate H2O2 and aldehyde(s). In this study, and at least to the best of our knowledge, maize polyamine oxidase (ZmPAO) was used for the first time with the aim of identifying a novel strategy for cancer therapy. The cytotoxicity and the mechanisms of cell death induced by the enzymatic oxidation products of polyamine generated by ZmPAO were investigated. Exogenous spermine and ZmPAO treatment decreased cell viability in a spermine dose‑ and time‑dependent manner, particularly, the viability of the multidrug‑resistant (MDR) colon adenocarcinoma cells, LoVo DX, when compared with drug‑sensitive ones (LoVo WT). Further analyses revealed that H2O2 derived from spermine was mainly responsible for the cytotoxicity. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that treatment with ZmPAO and spermine increased the apoptotic population of LoVo WT and LoVo DX cells. In addition, we found that treatment with ZmPAO and spermine markedly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in the LoVo DX cells, in agreement with the results of cell viability and apoptosis assays. Transmission electron microscopic observations supported the involvement of mitochondrial depolarization in the apoptotic process. Therefore, the dysregulation of polyamine metabolism in tumor cells may be a potential therapeutic target. In addition, the development of MDR tumor cells is recognized as a major obstacle in cancer therapy. Therefore, the design of a novel therapeutic strategy based on the use of this combination may be taken into account, making this approach attractive mainly in treating MDR cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ohkubo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences ‘A. Rossi Fanelli’, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome
| | - Selenia Miglietta
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome
| | | | | | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Pasteur Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences ‘A. Rossi Fanelli’, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome
- International Polyamines Foundation - ONLUS, I-00159 Rome, Italy
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8
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Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are indispensable polycations ubiquitous to all living cells. Among their many critical functions, PAs contribute to the oxidative balance of the cell. Beginning with studies by the Tabor laboratory in bacteria and yeast, the requirement for PAs as protectors against oxygen radical-mediated damage has been well established in many organisms, including mammals. However, PAs also serve as substrates for oxidation reactions that produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) both intra- and extracellularly. As intracellular concentrations of PAs can reach millimolar concentrations, the H2O2 amounts produced through their catabolism, coupled with a reduction in protective PAs, are sufficient to cause the oxidative damage associated with many pathologies, including cancer. Thus, the maintenance of intracellular polyamine homeostasis may ultimately contribute to the maintenance of oxidative homeostasis. Again, pioneering studies by Tabor and colleagues led the way in first identifying spermine oxidase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. They also first purified the extracellular bovine serum amine oxidase and elucidated the products of its oxidation of primary amine groups of PAs when included in culture medium. These investigations formed the foundation for many polyamine-related studies and experimental procedures still performed today. This Minireview will summarize key innovative studies regarding PAs and oxidative damage, starting with those from the Tabor laboratory and including the most recent advances, with a focus on mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Murray Stewart
- From the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287 and
| | - Tiffany T Dunston
- From the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287 and
| | - Patrick M Woster
- the Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Robert A Casero
- From the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287 and
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9
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Wang L, Liu Y, Qi C, Shen L, Wang J, Liu X, Zhang N, Bing T, Shangguan D. Oxidative degradation of polyamines by serum supplement causes cytotoxicity on cultured cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10384. [PMID: 29991686 PMCID: PMC6039494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum is a common supplement for cell culture due to it containing the essential active components for the growth and maintenance of cells. However, the knowledges of the active components in serum are incomplete. Apart from the direct influence of serum components on cultured cells, the reaction of serum components with tested drugs cannot be ignored, which usually results in the false conclusion on the activity of the tested drugs. Here we report the toxicity effect of polyamines (spermidine and spermine) on cultured cells, especially on drug-resistant cancer cell lines, which resulted from the oxidative degradation of polyamines by amine oxidases in serum supplement. Upon adding spermidine or spermine, high concentration of H2O2, an enzyme oxidation product of polyamines, was generated in culture media containing ruminant serum, such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), calf serum, bovine serum, goat serum or horse serum, but not in the media containing human serum. Drug-resistant cancer cell lines showed much higher sensitivity to the oxidation products of polyamines (H2O2 and acrolein) than their wild cell lines, which was due to their low antioxidative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- Department Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cui Qi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Luyao Shen
- Department Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junyan Wang
- Department Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiangjun Liu
- Department Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Tao Bing
- Department Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dihua Shangguan
- Department Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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10
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Zhu J, Hu M, Qiu L. Drug resistance reversal by combretastatin-A4 phosphate loaded with doxorubicin in polymersomes independent of angiogenesis effect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:844-855. [PMID: 28425588 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate that the polymersomes (Ps-DOX-CA4P) dual-loaded with combretastatin-A4 phosphate (CA4P) and doxorubicin (DOX) overcame drug resistance and sensitized tumour cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. METHODS Ps-DOX-CA4P were prepared by solvent evaporation method using mPEG-b-PLA as carriers. The potential capability of CA4P to reverse DOX resistance was verified by cytotoxicity test, apoptosis assay and cellular uptake of DOX. The comparison between free drugs and drug-loaded polymersomes was also made on a single-layer cell model and multicellular tumour spheroids to display the superiority of the drug vehicles. Furthermore, we put the emphasis on the investigation into underlying mechanisms for CA4P overcoming DOX resistance. KEY FINDINGS Results showed Ps-DOX-CA4P achieved increased uptake of DOX, enhanced cytotoxicity and apoptotic rate in MCF-7/ADR cells as well as MCF-7/ADR tumour spheroids. The potential molecular mechanisms may be related to inhibiting P-glycoprotein function by downregulating protein kinase Cα, stimulating ATPase activity, depleting ATP and increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. CONCLUSIONS The findings validated the sensitization property of CA4P on DOX independent of its well-known angiogenesis effect, which would provide a novel and promising strategy for drug-resistant cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengying Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyan Qiu
- Ministry of Educational (MOE) Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Cervelli M, Leonetti A, Cervoni L, Ohkubo S, Xhani M, Stano P, Federico R, Polticelli F, Mariottini P, Agostinelli E. Stability of spermine oxidase to thermal and chemical denaturation: comparison with bovine serum amine oxidase. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2283-91. [PMID: 27295021 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spermine oxidase (SMOX) is a flavin-containing enzyme that specifically oxidizes spermine to produce spermidine, 3-aminopropanaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. While no crystal structure is available for any mammalian SMOX, X-ray crystallography showed that the yeast Fms1 polyamine oxidase has a dimeric structure. Based on this scenario, we have investigated the quaternary structure of the SMOX protein by native gel electrophoresis, which revealed a composite gel band pattern, suggesting the formation of protein complexes. All high-order protein complexes are sensitive to reducing conditions, showing that disulfide bonds were responsible for protein complexes formation. The major gel band other than the SMOX monomer is the covalent SMOX homodimer, which was disassembled by increasing the reducing conditions, while being resistant to other denaturing conditions. Homodimeric and monomeric SMOXs are catalytically active, as revealed after gel staining for enzymatic activity. An engineered SMOX mutant deprived of all but two cysteine residues was prepared and characterized experimentally, resulting in a monomeric species. High-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry of SMOX was compared with that of bovine serum amine oxidase, to analyse their thermal stability. Furthermore, enzymatic activity assays and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to gain insight into the unfolding process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cervelli
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, V.le Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Leonetti
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, V.le Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Cervoni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", SAPIENZA University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Shinji Ohkubo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", SAPIENZA University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marla Xhani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", SAPIENZA University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Stano
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, V.le Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Federico
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, V.le Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Polticelli
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, V.le Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Roma Tre Section, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Mariottini
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, V.le Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", SAPIENZA University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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12
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Milestones and recent discoveries on cell death mediated by mitochondria and their interactions with biologically active amines. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2313-26. [PMID: 27619911 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria represent cell "powerhouses," being involved in energy transduction from the electrochemical gradient to ATP synthesis. The morphology of their cell types may change, according to various metabolic processes or osmotic pressure. A new morphology of the inner membrane and mitochondrial cristae, significantly different from the previous one, has been proposed for the inner membrane and mitochondrial cristae, based on the technique of electron tomography. Mitochondrial Ca(2+) transport (the transporter has been isolated) generates reactive oxygen species and induces the mitochondrial permeability transition of both inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, leading to induction of necrosis and apoptosis. In the mitochondria of several cell types (liver, kidney, and heart), mitochondrial oxidative stress is an essential step in the induction of cell death, although not in brain, in which the phenomenon is caused by a different mechanism. Mitochondrial permeability transition drives both apoptosis and necrosis, whereas mitochondrial outer membrane permeability is characteristic of apoptosis. Adenine nucleotide translocase remains the most important component involved in membrane permeability, with the opening of the transition pore, although other proteins, such as ATP synthase or phosphate carriers, have been proposed. Intrinsic cell death is triggered by the release from mitochondria of proteic factors, such as cytochrome c, apoptosis inducing factor, and Smac/DIABLO, with the activation of caspases upon mitochondrial permeability transition or mitochondrial outer membrane permeability induction. Mitochondrial permeability transition induces the permeability of the inner membrane in sites in contact with the outer membrane; mitochondrial outer membrane permeability forms channels on the outer membrane by means of various stimuli involving Bcl-2 family proteins. The biologically active amines, spermine, and agmatine, have specific functions on mitochondria which distinguish them from other amines. Enzymatic oxidative deamination of spermine by amine oxidases in tumor cells may produce reactive oxygen species, leading to transition pore opening and apoptosis. This process could be exploited as a new therapeutic strategy to combat cancer.
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13
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Bioconjugation of gold-polymer core–shell nanoparticles with bovine serum amine oxidase for biomedical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Agostinelli E, Vianello F, Magliulo G, Thomas T, Thomas TJ. Nanoparticle strategies for cancer therapeutics: Nucleic acids, polyamines, bovine serum amine oxidase and iron oxide nanoparticles (Review). Int J Oncol 2015; 46:5-16. [PMID: 25333509 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology for cancer gene therapy is an emerging field. Nucleic acids, polyamine analogues and cytotoxic products of polyamine oxidation, generated in situ by an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, can be developed for nanotechnology-based cancer therapeutics with reduced systemic toxicity and improved therapeutic efficacy. Nucleic acid-based gene therapy approaches depend on the compaction of DNA/RNA to nanoparticles and polyamine analogues are excellent agents for the condensation of nucleic acids to nanoparticles. Polyamines and amine oxidases are found in higher levels in tumours compared to that of normal tissues. Therefore, the metabolism of polyamines spermidine and spermine, and their diamine precursor, putrescine, can be targets for antineoplastic therapy since these naturally occurring alkylamines are essential for normal mammalian cell growth. Intracellular polyamine concentrations are maintained at a cell type-specific set point through the coordinated and highly regulated interplay between biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism. In particular, polyamine catabolism involves copper-containing amine oxidases. Several studies showed an important role of these enzymes in developmental and disease-related processes in animals through the control of polyamine homeostasis in response to normal cellular signals, drug treatment, and environmental and/or cellular stress. The production of toxic aldehydes and reactive oxygen species (ROS), H2O2 in particular, by these oxidases suggests a mechanism by which amine oxidases can be exploited as antineoplastic drug targets. The combination of bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO) and polyamines prevents tumour growth, particularly well if the enzyme has been conjugated with a biocompatible hydrogel polymer. The findings described herein suggest that enzymatically formed cytotoxic agents activate stress signal transduction pathways, leading to apoptotic cell death. Consequently, superparamagnetic nanoparticles or other advanced nanosystem based on directed nucleic acid assemblies, polyamine-induced DNA condensation, and bovine serum amine oxidase may be proposed for futuristic anticancer therapy utilizing nucleic acids, polyamines and BSAO. BSAO based nanoparticles can be employed for the generation of cytotoxic polyamine metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Agostinelli
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Department of Biochemical Sciences 'A. Rossi Fanelli', Sapienza University of Rome and CNR, Institute of Biology and Molecular Pathology, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Vianello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy and Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic
| | - Giuseppe Magliulo
- Department Organi di Senso, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Thresia Thomas
- Formerly Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - T J Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Agostinelli E, Condello M, Tempera G, Macone A, Bozzuto G, Ohkubo S, Calcabrini A, Arancia G, Molinari A. The combined treatment with chloroquine and the enzymatic oxidation products of spermine overcomes multidrug resistance of melanoma M14 ADR2 cells: a new therapeutic approach. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1109-22. [PMID: 24969157 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been confirmed that multidrug resistant (MDR) melanoma cells (M14 ADR2) are more sensitive than their wild-type counterparts (M14 WT) to H2O2 and aldehydes, the products of bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO)-catalyzed oxidation of spermine. The metabolites formed by BSAO and spermine are more toxic, in M14 cells, than exogenous H2O2 and acrolein, even though their concentration is lower during the initial phase of incubation due to their more gradual release than the exogenous products. Binding of BSAO to the cell membrane and release of the reaction products of spermine into the immediate vicinity of the cells, or directly into the cells, may explain the apparently paradoxical phenomenon. Both WT and MDR cells, after pre-treatment for 24 h, or longer, with the lysosomotropic compound chloroquine (CQ), show to be sensitized to subsequent exposure to BSAO/spermine enzymatic system. Evidence of ultrastructural aberrations and acridine orange release from lysosomes is presented in this study that is in favor of the permeabilization of the lysosomal membrane as the major cause of sensitization by CQ. Pre-treatment with CQ amplifies the ability of the metabolites formed from spermine by oxidative deamination to induce cell death. Melanocytes, differently from melanoma cells, were unaffected by the enzymatic system, even when preceded by CQ treatment. Since it is conceivable that combined treatment with a lysosomotropic compound and BSAO/spermine would be effective against tumour cells, it is of interest to search for such novel compounds, which might be promising for application in a therapeutic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Agostinelli
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome and CNR, Ι-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Condello
- Department of Technology and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Tempera
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome and CNR, Ι-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Macone
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome and CNR, Ι-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bozzuto
- Department of Technology and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Shinji Ohkubo
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome and CNR, Ι-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Annarica Calcabrini
- Department of Technology and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arancia
- Department of Technology and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Molinari
- Department of Technology and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, I-00161 Rome, Italy
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16
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Glutathione metabolism in Candida albicans resistant strains to fluconazole and micafungin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98387. [PMID: 24896636 PMCID: PMC4045664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently available therapies for candidiasis are based on antifungal drugs belonging to azole and echinocandin families that interfere with different aspects of fungal metabolism. These drugs, beyond their specific effects, elicit also a cellular stress including an unbalance of redox state that is counteracted not only utilizing antioxidant species but also increasing the outcome export by transporters to detoxify the internal environment. These cellular actions are both based on the cytosolic concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH). In this paper we investigated the effects of two antifungal drugs fluconazole and micafungin on the redox state of the cell in C. albicans to understand if the resistance to these drugs is accompanied by variation of glutathione metabolism. Analyses of resistant strains showed a marked difference in glutathione contents in strains resistant to fluconazole (CO23RFLC) or micafungin (CO23RFK). In CO23RFLC, the total amount of glutathione was more than doubled with respect to CO23RFK thanks to the increased activity of γ-glutamilcysteine synthetase, the key enzyme involved in GSH synthesis. We demonstrated that the GSH increase in CO23RFLC conferred to this strain a clear advantage in counteracting oxidative toxic agents while assignment of other roles, such as a more efficient elimination of the drug from the cell, should be considered more speculative. As far as MCFG resistance is concerned, from our data a role of glutathione metabolism in supporting this condition is not evident. Overall our data indicate that glutathione metabolism is differently affected in the two resistant strains and that glutathione system may play an important role in the global organization of C.albicans cells for resistance to fluconazole. Such scenario may pave the way to hypothesize the use of oxidant drugs or inhibitors able to deplete reduced glutathione level as a novel approach, for counteracting the resistance to this specific antifungal drug.
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17
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Agostinelli E. Polyamines and transglutaminases: biological, clinical, and biotechnological perspectives. Amino Acids 2014; 46:475-85. [PMID: 24553826 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Agostinelli
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy,
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18
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Amendola R, Cervelli M, Tempera G, Fratini E, Varesio L, Mariottini P, Agostinelli E. Spermine metabolism and radiation-derived reactive oxygen species for future therapeutic implications in cancer: an additive or adaptive response. Amino Acids 2013; 46:487-98. [PMID: 23999645 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Destruction of cells by irradiation-induced radical formation is one of the most frequent interventions in cancer therapy. An alternative to irradiation-induced radical formation is in principle drug-induced formation of radicals, and the formation of toxic metabolites by enzyme catalyzed reactions. Thus, combination therapy targeting polyamine metabolism could represent a promising strategy to fight hyper-proliferative disease. The aim of this work is to discuss and evaluate whether the presence of a DNA damage provoked by enzymatic ROS overproduction may act as an additive or adaptive response upon radiation and combination of hyperthermia with lysosomotropic compounds may improve the cytocidal effect of polyamines oxidation metabolites. Low level of X-irradiations delivers challenging dose of damage and an additive or adaptive response with the chronic damage induced by spermine oxidase overexpression depending on the deficiency of the DNA repair mechanisms. Since reactive oxygen species lead to membrane destabilization and cell death, we discuss the effects of BSAO and spermine association in multidrug resistant cells that resulted more sensitive to spermine metabolites than their wild-type counterparts, due to an increased mitochondrial activity. Since mammal spermine oxidase is differentially activated in a tissue specific manner, and cancer cells can differ in term of DNA repair capability, it could be of interest to open a scientific debate to use combinatory treatments to alter spermine metabolism and deliver differential response.
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19
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Amendola R, Cervelli M, Fratini E, Sallustio DE, Tempera G, Ueshima T, Mariottini P, Agostinelli E. Reactive oxygen species spermine metabolites generated from amine oxidases and radiation represent a therapeutic gain in cancer treatments. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:813-20. [PMID: 23857253 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequent interventions in cancer therapy are currently the destruction of cells by irradiation or administration of drugs both able to induce radical formation and toxic metabolites by enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The aim of this study was to determine the cell viability of cells undergoing a DNA damage threshold accomplished by ROS overproduction via both ectopic expression of murine spermine oxidase (mSMOX) and bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO) enzymes. Low dose of X-irradiation delivers a challenging dose of damage as evaluated in proficient Chinese hamster AA8 cell line and both deficient transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) UV61 cells and deficient base excision repair (BER) EM9 cells, at 6 and 24 h after exposure. The priming dose of ROS overexposure by mSMOX provokes an adaptive response in N18TG2, AA8 and EM9 cell lines at 24 h. Interestingly, in the UV61 cells, ROS overexposure by mSMOX delivers an earlier adaptive response to radiation. The enzymatic formation of toxic metabolites has mainly been investigated on wild-type (WT) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines, using and spermine as substrate of the BSAO enzyme. MDR cells are more sensitive to the toxic polyamine metabolites than WT cells, thus indicating a new therapeutic strategy to overcome MDR tumors. Since SMOX in mammals is differentially activated in a tissue-specific manner and cancer cells can differ in terms of DNA repair and MDR capabilities, it could be of interest to simultaneously treat with very low dose of X-rays and/or to alter SMOX metabolism to generate a differential response in healthy and cancer tissues.
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20
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Montanari E, Capece S, Di Meo C, Meringolo M, Coviello T, Agostinelli E, Matricardi P. Hyaluronic acid nanohydrogels as a useful tool for BSAO immobilization in the treatment of melanoma cancer cells. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1185-94. [PMID: 23836462 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An alternative anticancer therapy based on the use of bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO), an enzyme that converts polyamines over-expressed in malignant cells, into hydrogen peroxide and aldehyde(s), thus inducing high cytotoxicity in cancer cells, was recently proposed. With the aim of improving the system efficacy by exploiting a nanotechnology approach, BSAO is covalently immobilized onto injectable nanohydrogels (NHs) based on cholesterol-graft-hyaluronic acid (HA-CH), a biocompatible conjugate that spontaneously leads to self-assembled structures in aqueous solutions. In this study, the physicochemical properties of the HA-CH-based NHs and the NHs cytocompatibility are reported. The properties of the NHs-BSAO system are also studied in terms of protein residual activity, both in vitro and on a model melanoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elita Montanari
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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21
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Yıldırım T, Bilgin K, Çiftçi GY, Eçik ET, Şenkuytu E, Uludağ Y, Tomak L, Kılıç A. Synthesis, cytotoxicity and apoptosis of cyclotriphosphazene compounds as anti-cancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 52:213-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sinigaglia G, Magro M, Miotto G, Cardillo S, Agostinelli E, Zboril R, Bidollari E, Vianello F. Catalytically active bovine serum amine oxidase bound to fluorescent and magnetically drivable nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:2249-59. [PMID: 22619559 PMCID: PMC3356201 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s28237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel superparamagnetic surface-active maghemite nanoparticles (SAMNs) characterized by a diameter of 10 ± 2 nm were modified with bovine serum amine oxidase, which used rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC) adduct as a fluorescent spacer-arm. A fluorescent and magnetically drivable adduct comprised of bovine serum copper-containing amine oxidase (SAMN-RITC-BSAO) that immobilized on the surface of specifically functionalized magnetic nanoparticles was developed. The multifunctional nanomaterial was characterized using transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and activity measurements. The results of this study demonstrated that bare magnetic nanoparticles form stable colloidal suspensions in aqueous solutions. The maximum binding capacity of bovine serum amine oxidase was approximately 6.4 mg g(-1) nanoparticles. The immobilization procedure reduced the catalytic activity of the native enzyme to 30% ± 10% and the Michaelis constant was increased by a factor of 2. We suggest that the SAMN-RITC-BSAO complex, characterized by a specific activity of 0.81 IU g(-1,) could be used in the presence of polyamines to create a fluorescent magnetically drivable H(2)O(2) and aldehydes-producing system. Selective tumor cell destruction is suggested as a potential future application of this system.
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23
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Spermine Oxidation Products Induce Mitochondrial Alterations on Tumor Cells. ACTA FACULTATIS MEDICAE NAISSENSIS 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/v10283-012-0015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermine Oxidation Products Induce Mitochondrial Alterations on Tumor CellsCytotoxic products of polyamines generatedin situby an enzyme-catalyzed reaction may be useful as a new avenue in combating cancer. This study demonstrates that multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells (colon adenocarcinoma and melanoma) are significantly more sensitive than the corresponding wild type (WT) ones to hydrogen peroxide and aldehydes, the products of bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO)-catalyzed oxidation of spermine. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations showed the major ultrastructural alterations of the mitochondria. These were more pronounced in MDR than in WT cells. After treatment with BSAO/spermine a higher mitochondrial membrane depolarization and an increased mitochondrial activity in drug-resistant cells were observed. The results suggest that enzymatically formed cytotoxic agents activate stress signal transduction pathways, leading to apoptotic cell death, mainly in multidrug resistant cell lines.
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24
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Role of polyamines, their analogs and transglutaminases in biological and clinical perspectives. Amino Acids 2011; 42:397-409. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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25
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Polyamine catabolism: target for antiproliferative therapies in animals and stress tolerance strategies in plants. Amino Acids 2011; 42:411-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Mosaffa F, Kalalinia F, Parhiz BH, Behravan J. Tumor necrosis factor alpha induces stronger cytotoxicity in ABCG2-overexpressing resistant breast cancer cells compared with their drug-sensitive parental line. DNA Cell Biol 2011; 30:413-8. [PMID: 21323575 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2010.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) has been reported to modulate the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Multidrug-resistant cells overexpressing the ABCB1 transporter are more susceptible to inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis by TNF-α than their drug-sensitive counterparts. This study was aimed to investigate TNF-α modulatory and antiproliferative effects on drug-resistant cells overexpressing ABCG2. The effects of TNF-α on viability and proliferation rate of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and their ABCG2-overexpressing sublines MCF-7/mitoxantrone (MX) cells were studied using dye exclusion assay, dimethylthiazolyl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide technique, and flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle. TNF-α influence on MX accumulation was investigated by flow cytometry. ABCG2-overexpressing cells were more susceptible to antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of TNF-α than their parental cells. TNF-α increased accumulation of MX in both parental and resistant cells. Higher sensitivity of MDR cells to TNF-α cytotoxicity would help in characterization of its complex modulatory effects on cancer cells and benefit us in designing new approaches to overcome MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mosaffa
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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27
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Largeron M. Amine oxidases of the quinoproteins family: Their implication in the metabolic oxidation of xenobiotics. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2011; 69:53-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Boobis A, Watelet JB, Whomsley R, Benedetti MS, Demoly P, Tipton K. Drug interactions. Drug Metab Rev 2009; 41:486-527. [PMID: 19601724 DOI: 10.1080/10837450902891550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Drugs for allergy are often taken in combination with other drugs, either to treat allergy or other conditions. In common with many pharmaceuticals, most such drugs are subject to metabolism by P450 enzymes and to transmembrane transport. This gives rise to considerable potential for drug-drug interactions, to which must be added consideration of drug-diet interactions. The potential for metabolism-based drug interactions is increasingly being taken into account during drug development, using a variety of in silico and in vitro approaches. Prediction of transporter-based interactions is not as advanced. The clinical importance of a drug interaction will depend upon a number of factors, and it is important to address concerns quantitatively, taking into account the therapeutic index of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Boobis
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Toxicology, Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London.
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29
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Potential anticancer application of polyamine oxidation products formed by amine oxidase: a new therapeutic approach. Amino Acids 2009; 38:353-68. [PMID: 20012114 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The polyamines spermine, spermidine and putrescine are ubiquitous cell components. These molecules are substrates of a class of enzymes that includes monoamine oxidases, diamine oxidases, polyamine oxidases and copper-containing amine oxidases. Amine oxidases are important because they contribute to regulate levels of mono- and polyamines. In tumors, polyamines and amine oxidases are increased as compared to normal tissues. Cytotoxicity induced by bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO) and spermine is attributed to H(2)O(2) and aldehydes produced by the reaction. This study demonstrated that multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells (colon adenocarcinoma and melanoma) are significantly more sensitive than the corresponding wild-type (WT) ones to H(2)O(2) and aldehydes, the products of BSAO-catalyzed oxidation of spermine. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations showed major ultrastructural alterations of the mitochondria. These were more pronounced in MDR than in WT cells. Increasing the incubation temperature from 37 to 42 degrees Celsius enhances cytotoxicity in cells exposed to spermine metabolites. The combination BSAO/spermine prevents tumor growth, particularly well if the enzyme has been conjugated to a biocompatible hydrogel polymers. Since both wild-type and MDR cancer cells after pre-treatment with MDL 72527, a lysosomotropic compound, are sensitized to subsequent exposure to BSAO/spermine, it is conceivable that combined treatment with a lysosomotropic compound and BSAO/spermine would be effective against tumor cells. It is of interest to search for such novel compounds, which might be promising for application in a therapeutic setting.
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Cytotoxicity and mechanism of action of a new ROS-generating microsphere formulation for circumventing multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 121:323-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-009-0473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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31
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Bovine serum amine oxidase and spm potentiate docetaxel and interferon-α effects in inducing apoptosis on human cancer cells through the generation of oxidative stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1783:2269-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Vannier-Santos MA, Menezes D, Oliveira MF, de Mello FG. The putrescine analogue 1,4-diamino-2-butanone affects polyamine synthesis, transport, ultrastructure and intracellular survival in Leishmania amazonensis. Microbiology (Reading) 2008; 154:3104-3111. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2007/013896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Menezes
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcus F. Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando G. de Mello
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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33
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Endosomal compartment contributes to the propagation of CD95/Fas-mediated signals in type II cells. Biochem J 2008; 413:467-78. [PMID: 18442358 DOI: 10.1042/bj20071704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Participation of diverse organelles in the intracellular signalling that follows CD95/Fas receptor ligation encompasses a series of subcellular changes that are mandatory for, or even bolster, the apoptotic cascade. In the present study, we analysed the role of endocytosis in the propagation of cell death signalling after CD95/Fas engagement in type II cells (CEM cells). We show that this receptor-ligand interaction triggers endocytosis independently of any caspase activation. This FasL (Fas ligand)-induced endocytosis also leads to an early and directional 'movement' of endocytic vesicles towards the mitochondrial compartment. In turn, this cross-talk between endosomal and mitochondrial compartments was followed by the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis execution. This cell remodelling was absent in receptor-independent cell death, such as that induced by the mitochondriotropic drug staurosporine, and in a CEM cell line selected for its multidrug resistance (CEM VBL100). In these cells a reduced FasL (Fas ligand)-induced endocytosis and a reduced organelle cross-talk corresponded to a reduced apoptosis. Altogether, these findings suggest a key role of endocytosis in the propagation and amplification of the CD95/Fas-activated signalling leading to type II cell demise.
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Emdad L, Lebedeva IV, Su ZZ, Sarkar D, Dent P, Curiel DT, Fisher PB. Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/interleukin-24 reverses multidrug resistance in human colorectal cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:2985-94. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Poucková P, Morbio M, Vottariello F, Laurents DV, Matousek J, Soucek J, Gotte G, Donadelli M, Costanzo C, Libonati M. Cytotoxicity of Polyspermine-Ribonuclease A and Polyspermine-Dimeric Ribonuclease A. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 18:1946-55. [PMID: 17914869 DOI: 10.1021/bc700253c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyspermine-ribonuclease A (PS-RNase A) and polyspermine-dimeric ribonuclease A (PS-dimeric RNase A) were prepared by cross-linking ribonuclease A or its covalently linked dimer to polyspermine (PS) using dimethyl suberimidate. The two RNase A derivatives were tested for a possible antitumor action. The in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic activity of PS-RNase A, although strong, is not higher than that known for free polyspermine. PS-dimeric RNase A, which was characterized by mass spectroscopy, titration of free amine groups, and enzymatic assays, proved instead to be a definitely more efficient antitumor agent, both in vitro and in vivo. This result could tentatively be explained in view of the importance of positive charges for ribonuclease activity, considering the higher basicity of PS-dimeric RNase A compared to that of PS-(monomeric)RNase A. It must be also taken into account that the dimeric RNase A moiety of PS-dimeric RNase A could evade the cytoplasmic ribonuclease inhibitor, which instead could trap the monomeric RNase A moiety of the other derivative. The two RNase A derivatives degrade poly(A).poly(U) under conditions where native RNase A is inactive. The results of this work demonstrate once again the importance of positive charges for the functions of mammalian pancreatic type ribonucleases in general, in particular for RNase A derivatives, and the potential therapeutic use of the ribonuclease A derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Poucková
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, 1st Medical Faculty of the Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Agostinelli E, Tempera G, Dalla Vedova L, Condello M, Arancia G. MDL 72527 and spermine oxidation products induce a lysosomotropic effect and mitochondrial alterations in tumour cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2007; 35:343-8. [PMID: 17371275 DOI: 10.1042/bst0350343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic products of polyamines generated in situ by an enzyme-catalysed reaction may be useful as a new avenue in combating cancer. This study demonstrated that MDR (multidrug-resistant) cancer cells (colon adenocarcinoma and melanoma) are significantly more sensitive than the corresponding WT (wild-type) ones to H(2)O(2) and aldehydes, the products of BSAO (bovine serum amine oxidase)-catalysed oxidation of spermine. Moreover, cytotoxicity was considerably greater when the treatment was carried out at 42 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. TEM (transmission electron microscopy) observations showed major ultrastructural alterations of the mitochondria. These were more pronounced in MDR than in WT cells. After treatment with BSAO/spermine, a higher mitochondrial membrane depolarization and an increased mitochondrial activity in drug-resistant cells were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A Rossi Fanelli, University of Rome La Sapienza and CNR, Biology and Molecular Pathology Institutes, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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37
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Marra M, Agostinelli E, Tempera G, Lombardi A, Meo G, Budillon A, Abbruzzese A, Giuberti G, Caraglia M. Anticancer drugs and hyperthermia enhance cytotoxicity induced by polyamine enzymatic oxidation products. Amino Acids 2007; 33:273-81. [PMID: 17610128 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0536-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A correlation between regulation of cell proliferation and polyamine metabolism is described. The latter can enter protein synthesis through the modification of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) and the formation of the peculiar amino acid hypusine. Specific inhibitors of hypusine formation induce apoptosis that can be potentiated by the combination with cytokines such as interferonalpha (IFNalpha) that itself decreases hypusine synthesis. We have also demonstrated that the concomitant treatment of cancer cells with IFNalpha and the protein synthesis inhibitor fusion protein TGFalpha/Pseudomonas Aeruginosa toxin synergize in inducing cancer cell growth inhibition. Another way used by polyamines to induce apoptosis is the generation of intracellular oxidative stress through the interaction with bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO). This enzyme used simultaneously to spermine induces apoptosis, necrosis, inhibition of cell proliferation and inhibition of DNA and protein synthesis in several cell types. The enzymatic oxidation products of polyamine, H2O2 and aldehyde(s) cause these effects. We have recently found that the cytotoxicity of anti-cancer agents, either etoposide or docetaxel, in cancer cells is potentiated in the presence of BSAO/Spermine. In conclusion, polyamine metabolites could be useful in the design of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marra
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Experimental Pharmacology Unit, National Institute of Tumours Fondaz. G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
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Bianchi M, Bellini A, Cervelli M, Degan P, Marcocci L, Martini F, Scatteia M, Mariottini P, Amendola R. Chronic sub-lethal oxidative stress by spermine oxidase overactivity induces continuous DNA repair and hypersensitivity to radiation exposure. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2007; 1773:774-83. [PMID: 17363080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Revised: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the aging process and in most degenerative diseases, the oxidant by-products of cellular metabolism lead to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays an important role in switching from cell proliferation to its opposite outcome, cell death. The metabolic pathways in charge of the interconversion and degradation of the polyamines are responsible for oxidant by-products. In the past few years, spermine metabolism has been found closely related to DNA oxidation and apoptosis. Moreover, that the ectopical expression of murine spermine oxidase induced DNA damage in the neuroblastoma cell line, and this was uncoupled with any increase in cell mortality, thus suggests an activation of DNA repair. In this work, we provide new evidence showing that only spermine oxidase overactivity can deliver sub-lethal chronic DNA damage and repair without affecting transcriptional and enzymatic levels of the PA key regulatory enzymes ODC and SSAT. Chronic sub-lethal DNA damage is below the cell cycle arrest induction threshold, but is able to activate apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease protein (APE1) and gamma H2AX. Of therapeutic interest, the chronic sub-lethal DNA damage and activation of the repair processes are in turn responsible for inducing hypersensitivity after exposure to radiation with no induction of adaptive response to damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bianchi
- ENEA, ION IRP, CR Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00060 Roma, Italy
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39
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Agostinelli E, Tempera G, Molinari A, Salvi M, Battaglia V, Toninello A, Arancia G. The physiological role of biogenic amines redox reactions in mitochondria. New perspectives in cancer therapy. Amino Acids 2007; 33:175-87. [PMID: 17390098 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In tumours, polyamines and amine oxidases increase as compared to normal tissues. Cytotoxicity induced by bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO) and spermine is attributed to H2O2 and aldehydes produced by the reaction. Increasing the incubation temperature from 37 to 42 degrees C enhances cytotoxicity in cells exposed to spermine metabolites. The combination BSAO/spermine prevents tumour growth, particularly well if the enzyme has been conjugated with a biocompatible hydrogel polymer. Since the tumour cells release endogenous substrates of BSAO, the administration of spermine is not required. Combination with hyperthermia improves the cytocidal effect of polyamines oxidation products. Our findings show that multidrug resistant (MDR) cells are more sensitive to spermine metabolites than their wild-type counterparts, due to an increased mitochondrial activity which induces the generation of intracellular ROS prior to the onset of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). It makes this new approach attractive, since the development of MDR is one of the major problems of conventional cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, University of Rome La Sapienza and CNR, Rome, Italy.
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40
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Tan RJ, Chen ZQ, Jiang MW, Tang CH. Influence of mitochondrial DNA depletion on multidrug resistance phenotype of human hepatoma cell line. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006; 14:3311-3313. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v14.i34.3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To clarify the influence of mitochondrial DNA depletion on the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype of human hepatoma cells.
METHODS: The sensitivities of hepatoma cells to chemotherapy were determined by MTT method, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and MDR protein (MRP) expression were detected by immunohistochemistry. The differences of P-gp and MRP expression and sensitivities to chemotherapeutic druds were comparatively analyzed between SK-Hep1 and rhoo SK-Hep1 cells.
RESULTS: Adriamycin inhibited SK-Hep1 cells with a rate of 56%, 61%, 72%, and 75%, respectively, at 12, 24, 36, and 48 h, while cisplatin inhibited them with a rate of 54%, 60%, 77%, and 81%. However, adriamycin inhibited rhoo SK-Hep1 cells with a rate of 10%, 18%, 20%, and 22%, while cisplatin inhibited them with a rate of 19%, 20.4%, 21.3%, and 22.5%, respectively, at 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. There were significant differences between SK-Hep1 and rhoo SK-Hep1 cells (P < 0.01). The expression of P-gp and MRP were markedly higher in rhoo SK-Hep1 cells than those in SK-Hep1 cells (37% vs 20%, P < 0.01; 33% vs 18%, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Cells with mitochondrial DNA depletion have resistance to chemotherapy, and the increased expression of P-gp and MRP may contribute to MDR of tumor cells.
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Agostinelli E, Belli F, Molinari A, Condello M, Palmigiani P, Vedova LD, Marra M, Seiler N, Arancia G. Toxicity of enzymatic oxidation products of spermine to human melanoma cells (M14): Sensitization by heat and MDL 72527. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2006; 1763:1040-50. [PMID: 16962187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Revised: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In situ formation of cytotoxic metabolites by an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is a recent approach in cancer chemotherapy. We demonstrate that multidrug resistant human melanoma cells (M14 ADR) are more sensitive than the corresponding wild type cells (M14 WT) to hydrogen peroxide and aldehydes, the products of bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO)-catalyzed oxidation of spermine. Hydrogen peroxide was mainly responsible for the loss of cell viability. With about 20%, the aldehydes formed from spermine contribute also to cytotoxicity. Elevation of temperature from 37 degrees C to 42 degrees C decreased survival of both cell lines by about one log unit. Pre-treatment with N1,N4-bis(2,3-butadienyl)-1,4-butanediamine (MDL 72527), a lysosomotropic compound, sensitized cells to toxic spermine metabolites. MDL 72527 (at 300 microM) produced in M14 cells numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles which, however, disappeared by 24 h, even in the presence of the drug. Mitochondrial damage, as observed by transmission electron microscopy, correlated better with the cytotoxic effects of the treatment than vacuole formation. Since the release of lysosomal enzymes causes oxidative stress and apoptosis, we suggest that the lysosomotropic effect of MDL 72527 is the major reason for its sensitizing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, University of Rome La Sapienza and CNR, Biology and Molecular Pathology Institutes, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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42
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Agostinelli E, Belli F, Tempera G, Mura A, Floris G, Toniolo L, Vavasori A, Fabris S, Momo F, Stevanato R. Polyketone polymer: a new support for direct enzyme immobilization. J Biotechnol 2006; 127:670-8. [PMID: 17007953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Revised: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyketone polymer -[-CO-CH(2)-CH(2)-](n)-, obtained by copolymerization of ethene and carbon monoxide, is utilized for immobilization of three different enzymes, one peroxidase from horseradish (HRP) and two amine oxidases, from bovine serum (BSAO) and lentil seedlings (LSAO). The easy immobilization procedure is carried out in diluted buffer, at pH 7.0 and 3 degrees C, gently mixing the proteins with the polymer. No bifunctional reagents and spacer arms are required for the immobilization, which occurs exclusively via a large number of hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl groups of the polymer and the -NH groups of the polypeptidic chain. Experiments demonstrate a high linking capacity of polymer for BSAO and an extraordinary strong linkage for LSAO. Moreover, activity measurements demonstrate that immobilized LSAO totally retains the catalytic characteristics of the free enzyme, where only a limited increase of K(M) value is observed. Finally, the HRP-activated polymer is successfully used as active packed bed of an enzymatic reactor for continuous flow conversion and flow injection analysis of hydrogen peroxide containing solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, University of Rome La Sapienza and CNR, Biology and Molecular Pathology Institutes, Rome, Italy
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43
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Agostinelli E, Seiler N. Non-irradiation-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cancer: therapeutic implications. Amino Acids 2006; 31:341-55. [PMID: 16680401 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-005-0271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their chemical reactivity, radicals have cytocidal properties. Destruction of cells by irradiation-induced radical formation is one of the most frequent interventions in cancer therapy. An alternative to irradiation-induced radical formation is in principle drug-induced formation of radicals, and the formation of toxic metabolites by enzyme catalysed reactions. Although these developments are currently still in their infancy, they nevertheless deserve consideration. There are now numerous examples known of conventional anti-cancer drugs that may at least in part exert cytotoxicity by induction of radical formation. Some drugs, such as arsenic trioxide and 2-methoxy-estradiol, were shown to induce programmed cell death due to radical formation. Enzyme-catalysed radical formation has the advantage that cytotoxic products are produced continuously over an extended period of time in the vicinity of tumour cells. Up to now the enzymatic formation of toxic metabolites has nearly exclusively been investigated using bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO), and spermine as substrate. The metabolites of this reaction, hydrogen peroxide and aldehydes are cytotoxic. The combination of BSAO and spermine is not only able to prevent tumour cell growth, but prevents also tumour growth, particularly well if the enzyme has been conjugated with a biocompatible gel. Since the tumour cells release substrates of BSAO, the administration of spermine is not required. Combination with cytotoxic drugs, and elevation of temperature improves the cytocidal effect of spermine metabolites. The fact that multidrug resistant cells are more sensitive to spermine metabolites than their wild type counterparts makes this new approach especially attractive, since the development of multidrug resistance is one of the major problems of conventional cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Toninello A, Pietrangeli P, De Marchi U, Salvi M, Mondovì B. Amine oxidases in apoptosis and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2006; 1765:1-13. [PMID: 16225993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2005.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2004] [Revised: 09/12/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Amine oxidases, the major enzymes of biogenic amines metabolism, are considered to be biological regulators, especially for cell growth and differentiation. A primary involvement of amine oxidases in cancer growth inhibition and progression, especially by means of aldehydes, H(2)O(2) and other reactive oxygen species, the amine oxidase-mediated products of biogenic amines oxidation, has been demonstrated. Amine oxidases are involved in cancer growth inhibition because of the higher content in tumour cells of biogenic amines in comparison to normal cells. The cytotoxic effect can be explained by a damage to cell membranes and/or nuclei or, indirectly, through modulation of membrane permeability transition and therefore apoptosis. The oxidation products of biogenic amines appears to be also carcinogenic, while acrolein, produced from the oxidation of spermine and spermidine, should be a key compound both carcinogenic and cytotoxic. The cancer inhibition/promotion effect of amine oxidases could be explained by taking into consideration the full pattern of the enzyme content of the cell. The balance of amine oxidases and antioxidant enzymes appear to be a crucial point for cancer inhibition or progression. A long lasting imbalance of these enzymes appears to be carcinogenic, while, for a short time, amine oxidases are cytotoxic for cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Toninello
- Department of Biological Chemistry University of Padua and C.N.R. Institute of Neuroscience, Unit for the Study of Biomembranes, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy
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Anti-tumoral effect of native and immobilized bovine serum amine oxidase in a mouse melanoma model. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 69:1693-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2004] [Accepted: 02/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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