1
|
Awrahman HA, Mohamad D. Advanced breast cancer diagnosis: Multiplex RT-qPCR for precise typing and angiogenesis profiling. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 37:101615. [PMID: 38205186 PMCID: PMC10776909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains the foremost cause of cancer-related mortality, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases anticipated globally. The timely diagnosis of BC is pivotal for effective treatment. Currently, BC diagnosis predominantly relies on Immunohistochemistry (IHC), a method known for its sluggishness, expense, and dependence on proficient pathologists for confident cancer typing. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to enhance the accuracy, speed, and cost-effectiveness of BC diagnosis. We employ multiplex Reverse Transcription quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) with touch-down methods, which consistently yield significantly lower Cycle Threshold (CT) values. The study evaluates gene expression profiles of HER2, PGR, ESR, and Ki67 genes across 61 samples representing four BC subtypes, using RPL13A as the endogenous control gene. The results demonstrate that our method offers remarkable precision, nearly equivalent to IHC, in detecting gene expressions vital for BC diagnosis and subtyping. Moreover, we explore the gene expression of Hif1A, ANG, and VEGFR genes involved in angiogenesis, shedding light on the metastatic potential of the tested BC tumours. Notably, numerous samples exhibit elevated levels of Hif1A and VEGFR, indicating their potential as valuable biomarkers for assessing metastatic status. Collectively, our RT-qPCR methodology emerges as a powerful diagnostic tool for swiftly identifying BC subtypes and can be complemented with other essential tumorigenic biomarker assessments, such as angiogenesis, to further refine cancer characterisation and inform personalised therapeutic strategies for BC patients. This innovation holds the promise of revolutionising BC diagnosis and treatment, offering expedited and reliable insights for improved patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harem Abdalla Awrahman
- University of Sulaimani and Hiwa Hospital, Sulaymaniyah General Directory of Health, Ministry of Health, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Dlnya Mohamad
- University of Sulaimani, Biology Department KRG, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Neagu AN, Whitham D, Bruno P, Morrissiey H, Darie CA, Darie CC. Omics-Based Investigations of Breast Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:4768. [PMID: 37375323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is characterized by an extensive genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity. In-depth investigations into the molecular bases of BC phenotypes, carcinogenesis, progression, and metastasis are necessary for accurate diagnoses, prognoses, and therapy assessments in predictive, precision, and personalized oncology. This review discusses both classic as well as several novel omics fields that are involved or should be used in modern BC investigations, which may be integrated as a holistic term, onco-breastomics. Rapid and recent advances in molecular profiling strategies and analytical techniques based on high-throughput sequencing and mass spectrometry (MS) development have generated large-scale multi-omics datasets, mainly emerging from the three "big omics", based on the central dogma of molecular biology: genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Metabolomics-based approaches also reflect the dynamic response of BC cells to genetic modifications. Interactomics promotes a holistic view in BC research by constructing and characterizing protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks that provide a novel hypothesis for the pathophysiological processes involved in BC progression and subtyping. The emergence of new omics- and epiomics-based multidimensional approaches provide opportunities to gain insights into BC heterogeneity and its underlying mechanisms. The three main epiomics fields (epigenomics, epitranscriptomics, and epiproteomics) are focused on the epigenetic DNA changes, RNAs modifications, and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) affecting protein functions for an in-depth understanding of cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Novel omics fields, such as epichaperomics or epimetabolomics, could investigate the modifications in the interactome induced by stressors and provide PPI changes, as well as in metabolites, as drivers of BC-causing phenotypes. Over the last years, several proteomics-derived omics, such as matrisomics, exosomics, secretomics, kinomics, phosphoproteomics, or immunomics, provided valuable data for a deep understanding of dysregulated pathways in BC cells and their tumor microenvironment (TME) or tumor immune microenvironment (TIMW). Most of these omics datasets are still assessed individually using distinct approches and do not generate the desired and expected global-integrative knowledge with applications in clinical diagnostics. However, several hyphenated omics approaches, such as proteo-genomics, proteo-transcriptomics, and phosphoproteomics-exosomics are useful for the identification of putative BC biomarkers and therapeutic targets. To develop non-invasive diagnostic tests and to discover new biomarkers for BC, classic and novel omics-based strategies allow for significant advances in blood/plasma-based omics. Salivaomics, urinomics, and milkomics appear as integrative omics that may develop a high potential for early and non-invasive diagnoses in BC. Thus, the analysis of the tumor circulome is considered a novel frontier in liquid biopsy. Omics-based investigations have applications in BC modeling, as well as accurate BC classification and subtype characterization. The future in omics-based investigations of BC may be also focused on multi-omics single-cell analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Carol I Bvd, No. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Danielle Whitham
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | - Pathea Bruno
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | - Hailey Morrissiey
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | - Celeste A Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | - Costel C Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shang J, Zhao M, Deng H, Liu C, Cai L, Liu Y. A clinical diagnostic test on the detection of sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast neoplasms using a 1-step RT-PCR. Gland Surg 2022; 11:1628-1638. [PMID: 36353583 PMCID: PMC9638790 DOI: 10.21037/gs-22-485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, assessment of sentinel lymph node (SLN) requires cytology, hematoxylin-eosin (HE), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). However, routine pathological slides still suffer from certain sampling errors and have time limitations. This study sought to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of SLN detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which quantifies the expression of mammaglobin and cytokeratin-19 genes to determine SLN status. METHODS The RT-PCR detection of cycles threshold (CT) values has a direct relationship with the lymph node metastasis. This study prospectively collected 256 sentinel lymph nodes from 150 patients diagnosed with breast cancer between August and November 2017. In the detection of metastases in lymph nodes, molecular markers can be verified at the cell-level and tissue-level of tumor cells. In this study, IHC results were used as the gold standard for judging sentinel lymph node status. RESULTS (I) According to the established cell models, as the lymph nodes in tumor cells increase, RT-PCR CT values decrease. (II) 83 lymph nodes were first collected, and the interpretation criteria for the molecular detection results were determined based on the IHC results. (III) The statistical analysis showed that the sensitivity of the RT-PCR was 80.49% and the specificity was 91.55%. The positive predictive and negative predictive values were 64.71% and 96.06%, respectively. There was no significant difference between RT-PCR detection and IHC detection (P=0.076). Statistical chi-square analysis also showed that the difference between intraoperative freezing and immunohistochemistry was statistically significant (P=0.000). There was a statistically significant difference between intraoperative freezing and RT-PCR detection (P=0.000). RT-PCR detection is more sensitive than intraoperative frozen detection, and is closer to the results of immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS RT-PCR had objective and rapid output advantages, and was proven to be true and reliable. RT-PCR detection can not only rapidly assess sentinel lymph node status in breast cancer patients during surgery, but its accuracy is also close to that of IHC. Correctly determine whether to perform axillary lymph node dissection and improve the survival rate of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyan Shang
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huiyan Deng
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lijing Cai
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim MY, Jung S, Kim J, Lee HJ, Jeong S, Sim SJ, Kim SK. Highly sensitive and multiplexed one-step RT-qPCR for profiling genes involved in the circadian rhythm using microparticles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6463. [PMID: 33742035 PMCID: PMC7979730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the growing interest in molecular diagnosis, highly extensive and selective detection of genetic targets from a very limited amount of samples is in high demand. We demonstrated the highly sensitive and multiplexed one-step RT-qPCR platform for RNA analysis using microparticles as individual reactors. Those particles are equipped with a controlled release system of thermo-responsive materials, and are able to capture RNA targets inside. The particle-based assay can successfully quantify multiple target RNAs from only 200 pg of total RNA. The assay can also quantify target RNAs from a single cell with the aid of a pre-concentration process. We carried out 8-plex one-step RT-qPCR using tens of microparticles, which allowed extensive mRNA profiling. The circadian cycles were shown by the multiplex one-step RT-qPCR in human cell and human hair follicles. Reliable 24-plex one-step RT-qPCR was developed using a single operation in a PCR chip without any loss of performance (i.e., selectivity and sensitivity), even from a single hair. Many other disease-related transcripts can be monitored using this versatile platform. It can also be used non–invasively for samples obtained in clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yeon Kim
- Center for Molecular Recognition Research, Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST), Seoul, KS013, Korea.,Department of Chemical Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, KS013, Korea
| | - Seungwon Jung
- Center for Molecular Recognition Research, Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST), Seoul, KS013, Korea
| | - Junsun Kim
- Center for Molecular Recognition Research, Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST), Seoul, KS013, Korea.,Department of Chemical Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, KS013, Korea
| | - Heon Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Chronobiology Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, KS013, Korea
| | - Seunghwa Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry and Chronobiology Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, KS013, Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, KS013, Korea
| | - Sang Kyung Kim
- Center for Molecular Recognition Research, Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST), Seoul, KS013, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Supplitt S, Karpinski P, Sasiadek M, Laczmanska I. Current Achievements and Applications of Transcriptomics in Personalized Cancer Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1422. [PMID: 33572595 PMCID: PMC7866970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, transcriptome profiling emerged as one of the most powerful approaches in oncology, providing prognostic and predictive utility for cancer management. The development of novel technologies, such as revolutionary next-generation sequencing, enables the identification of cancer biomarkers, gene signatures, and their aberrant expression affecting oncogenesis, as well as the discovery of molecular targets for anticancer therapies. Transcriptomics contribute to a change in the holistic understanding of cancer, from histopathological and organic to molecular classifications, opening a more personalized perspective for tumor diagnostics and therapy. The further advancement on transcriptome profiling may allow standardization and cost reduction of its analysis, which will be the next step for transcriptomics to become a canon of contemporary cancer medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislaw Supplitt
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.S.); (I.L.)
| | - Pawel Karpinski
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.S.); (I.L.)
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Sasiadek
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.S.); (I.L.)
| | - Izabela Laczmanska
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.S.); (I.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghasemi M, Bakhshi B, Khashei R, Soudi S. Modulatory effect of Vibrio cholerae toxin co-regulated pilus on mucins, toll-like receptors and NOD genes expression in co-culture model of Caco-2 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104566. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
7
|
Dukes PV, Strobbia P, Ngo HT, Odion RA, Rocke D, Lee WT, Vo-Dinh T. Plasmonic assay for amplification-free cancer biomarkers detection in clinical tissue samples. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1139:111-118. [PMID: 33190693 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Developing countries have seen a rise in cancer incidence and are projected to harbor three-quarters of all cancer-related mortality by 2030. While disproportionally affected by the burden of cancer, these regions are ill-equipped to handle the diagnostic caseload. The low number of trained pathologists per capita results in delayed diagnosis and treatment, ultimately contributing to increased mortality rates. To address this issue, we developed a point-of-care (POC) plasmonic assay for direct detection of cancer as an alternative to pathological review. Whereas our assay has general applicability in many cancer diagnoses that involve tissue biopsies, we use head and neck cancer (HNC) as a model system because these tumors are increasingly prevalent in lower-income and underserved regions, due to risk factors such as smoking, drinking, and viral infection. Our method uses surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to detect unique RNA biomarkers from human biopsy samples without the need for complex target amplification machinery (e.g., PCR), making it time and resource-efficient. Unlike previous studies that required target amplification, this work represents a significant advance for HNC diagnosis directly in clinical samples, using only our SERS-based assay for RNA biomarkers. In this study, we tested our assay on 20 clinical samples, demonstrating the accuracy of the method in the diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We reported sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97%. Furthermore, we used a handheld Raman device to read the results in order to illustrate the applicability of our method for POC diagnosis of cancer in low-resource settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya V Dukes
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pietro Strobbia
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hoan T Ngo
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Biomedical Engineering Department, International University, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Ren A Odion
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Rocke
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Walter T Lee
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Chemistry Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sadia H, Ahmad Bhinder M, Irshad A, Zahid B, Ahmed R, Ashiq S, Malik K, Riaz M, Nadeem T, Ashiq K, Akbar A. Determination of expression profile of p53 gene in different grades of breast cancer tissues by real time PCR. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:1273-1282. [PMID: 33402975 PMCID: PMC7751535 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i3.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pakistan has a high incidence of breast cancer in Asia, where annually 16,232 deaths are reported. There are many exogenous and endogenous risk factors that affect the tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. The p53 gene is a tumor suppressor gene and it has a role to protect the whole genome from external and internal stresses, which causes damages to the genome. Objective The aim of the current study was to investigate the p53 gene expression by using the real-time PCR technique in different grades of breast cancer as compared to the normal tissue. Methods Fresh Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) samples (grade1-grade3) were collected from different hospitals of the Lahore. The project was approved by an ethical review committee of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. And before sampling an informed consent was obtained from patients and clinicians. RNA from fresh biopsies was extracted by Qiagen extraction kit and cDNA was formed. Real time PCR performed by using SYBR green master mix (ABI) and the data was evaluated by using Livak method. Statistical analysis was done by using Microsoft Excel. Results There was an abnormal gene expression of p53 in all grades of the breast tumors. Non-significant (p>0.05) difference of down and up regulation of p53 in different grades of breast tumor was found. However, as a whole up-regulation was more than down-regulation with significant difference (p<0.0011). Conclusion The abnormal expression of p53 shows that there are some genetic and epigenetic factors which are the primal cause of an abnormal gene expression. It is recommended that perform next generation sequencing (NGS) of the gene to find out the mutations causing the abnormal behavior of p53 gene.
Collapse
|
9
|
Poofery J, Sripanidkulchai B, Banjerdpongchai R. Extracts of Bridelia ovata and Croton oblongifolius induce apoptosis in human MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer cells via oxidative stress and mitochondrial pathways. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:969-985. [PMID: 32319560 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and is also the second leading cause of cancer‑associated death in women worldwide. Thus, there is an urgent requirement for the development of effective treatments for this disease. Bridelia ovata and Croton oblongifolius are herbs used in Thai traditional medicine that have been used to treat various health problems; B. ovata has traditionally been used as a purgative, an antipyretic, a leukorrhea treatment and as a birth control herb. C. oblongifolius has been used to increase breast milk production, for post‑partum care (where it is used as a hot bath herb), and as a treatment for flat worms and dysmenorrhea. However, there is little research investigating the anticancer properties of these herbs. The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer properties of crude ethyl acetate extracts of B. ovata (BEA) and C. oblongifolius (CEA) in order to explore their underlying mechanisms in breast cancer cell death. The phytoconstituents of the crude extracts of BEA and CEA were studied using gas chromatography‑mass spectrometry (GC‑MS). GC‑MS analysis showed that the primary compound in BEA is friedelan‑3‑one, and kaur‑16‑en‑18‑oic acid in CEA. Cytotoxicity was investigated using an MTT assay, both BEA and CEA showed greater toxicity against MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer cells compared with their effect on MCF10A normal epithelial mammary cells. BEA and CEA exerted various effects, including inducing apoptotic cell death, reducing mitochondrial transmembrane potential, increasing the levels of intracellular ROS, activating caspases, upregulating pro‑apoptotic and downregulating anti‑apoptotic genes and proteins. BEA and CEA were shown to have anticancer activity against breast cancer cells and induce apoptosis in these cells via a mitochondrial pathway and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juthathip Poofery
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Bungorn Sripanidkulchai
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ratana Banjerdpongchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Q, Li L. The diagnostic value of combined detection of genetic markers and serum protein markers on breast cancer. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:183-187. [PMID: 30622425 PMCID: PMC6319083 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The research is to explore the diagnostic value of several detection methods including separated and combined detection of the related genes and related proteins of breast cancer and combined detection of all genetic markers and serum protein markers on breast cancer. Method: The mRNA level expression of the related genes of breast cancer was detected by FQ-PCR technique and the ratio of BRCA-1, Myc, C-erbB2 and β2 micro-globulin was used to express levels of BRCA-1, Myc and C-erbB2; the related proteins of breast cancer were detected through ELISA. Then the research data was analyzed by SPSS19.0 software with t-test as comparison method, and ROC curve was used to calculate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the diagnostic models. Result: No difference can be found among the six indexes in the control group and benign breast tumor group while compared with the benign breast tumor group and the control group, the breast cancer group was significantly different from them; combined detection of genes and that of proteins were both superior to their separated detection; all-marker combined detection was superior to separated detection, which is consistent with combined detection of genes and proteins. Conclusion: More detection indexes will not necessarily outcome better detection effect. Hence, appropriate detection indexes and number are needed to achieve better diagnosis effect. In order to conduct more specific method, more test samples are needed for further researches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiujian Li
- Chinese and Western Medicine Combined Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Lu Li
- Chinese and Western Medicine Combined Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vallamkondu J, Corgiat EB, Buchaiah G, Kandimalla R, Reddy PH. Liquid Crystals: A Novel Approach for Cancer Detection and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E462. [PMID: 30469457 PMCID: PMC6267481 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystals are defined as the fourth state of matter forming between solid and liquid states. Earlier the applications of liquid crystals were confined to electronic instruments, but recent research findings suggest multiple applications of liquid crystals in biology and medicine. Here, the purpose of this review article is to discuss the potential biological impacts of liquid crystals in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer along with the risk assessment. In this review, we also discussed the recent advances of liquid crystals in cancer biomarker detection and treatment in multiple cell line models. Cases reviewed here will demonstrate that cancer diagnostics based on the multidisciplinary technology and intriguingly utilization of liquid crystals may become an alternative to regular cancer detection methodologies. Additionally, we discussed the formidable challenges and problems in applying liquid crystal technologies. Solving these problems will require great effort and the way forward is through the multidisciplinary collaboration of physicists, biologists, chemists, material-scientists, clinicians, and engineers. The triumphant outcome of these liquid crystals and their applications in cancer research would be convenient testing for the detection of cancer and may result in treating the cancer patients non-invasively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayalakshmi Vallamkondu
- Department of Physics, NIT Warangal, Telangana 506004, India.
- Centre for Advanced Materials, NIT Warangal, Telangana 506004, India.
| | - Edwin Bernard Corgiat
- Department of Cellular Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | | | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
- Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
- Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
- Pharmacology and Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
- Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 6630 S. Quaker Suite E, MS 7495, Lubbock, TX 79413, USA.
- Cell Biology and Biochemistry Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
- Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Long non-coding RNA LY86-AS1 and HCG27_201 expression in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:2601-2608. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
13
|
The role of osteopontin in the progression of solid organ tumour. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:356. [PMID: 29500465 PMCID: PMC5834520 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a bone sialoprotein involved in osteoclast attachment to mineralised bone matrix, as well as being a bone matrix protein, OPN is also a versatile protein that acts on various receptors which are associated with different signalling pathways implicated in cancer. OPN mediates various biological events involving the immune system and the vascular system; the protein plays a role in processes such as immune response, cell adhesion and migration, and tumorigenesis. This review discusses the potential role of OPN in tumour cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes in different cancers, including brain, lung, kidney, liver, bladder, breast, oesophageal, gastric, colon, pancreatic, prostate and ovarian cancers. The understanding of OPN’s role in tumour development and progression could potentially influence cancer therapy and contribute to the development of novel anti-tumour treatments.
Collapse
|
14
|
Modulation of Molecular Biomarker Expression in Response to Chemotherapy in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7154708. [PMID: 29619374 PMCID: PMC5830017 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7154708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) has varied morphological and biological features and is classified based on molecular and morphological examinations. Molecular classification of BC is based on biological gene-expression profiling. In this study, biomarker modulation was assessed during BC treatment in 30 previously untreated patients. Heterogeneity among patients was pathologically diagnosed and classified into luminal and basal-like immunohistochemical profiles based on estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor (ER/PR/HER2) status. Marker heterogeneity was compared with mRNA biomarker expression in patients with BC before and after therapy. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed for molecular characterization. Expression and modulation of biological markers, CK19, hMAM, CEA, MUC, Myc, Ki-67, HER2/neu, ErbB2, and ER, were assessed after treatment, where the expression of the biomarkers CK19, Ki-67, Myc, and CEA was noted to be significantly decreased. Marker expression modulation was determined according to different stages and pathological characteristics of patients; coexpression of three markers (CK19, Ki-67, and Myc) was specifically modulated after therapy. In the histopathologically classified basal-like group, two markers (CK19 and Ki-67) were downregulated and could be considered as diagnostic biomarkers. In conclusion, pathological characteristics and marker variation levels can be evaluated to decide a personalized treatment for patients.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bianchessi M, Burgarella S, Cereda M. Point-of-Care Systems for Rapid DNA Quantification in Oncology. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 94:216-25. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160809400214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of new powerful applications and the improvement in fabrication techniques are promising an explosive growth in lab-on-chip use in the upcoming future. As the demand reaches significant levels, the semiconductor industry may enter in the field, bringing its capability to produce complex devices in large volumes, high quality and low cost. The lab-on-chip concept, when applied to medicine, leads to the point-of-care concept, where simple, compact and cheap instruments allow diagnostic assays to be performed quickly by untrained personnel directly at the patient's side. In this paper, some practical and economical considerations are made to support the advantages of point-of-care testing. A series of promising technologies developed by STMicroelectronics on lab-on-chips is also presented, mature enough to enter in the common medical practice. The possible use of these techniques for cancer research, diagnosis and treatment are illustrated together with the benefits offered by their implementation in point-of-care testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Cereda
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cai D, Behrmann O, Hufert F, Dame G, Urban G. Capacity of rTth polymerase to detect RNA in the presence of various inhibitors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190041. [PMID: 29293599 PMCID: PMC5749758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The full potential of the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as a rapid and accurate diagnostic method is limited by DNA polymerase inhibitors as well as reverse transcriptase inhibitors which are ubiquitous in clinical samples. rTth polymerase has proven to be more resistant to DNA polymerase inhibitors present in clinical samples for DNA detection and also exhibits reverse transcriptase activity in the presence of Mn2+ ions. However, the capacity of rTth polymerase, which acts as DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase, to detect RNA in the presence of various inhibitors has not been investigated in detail. Herein, the inhibitors originating from various clinical samples such as blood, urine, feces, bodily fluids, tissues and reagents used during nucleic acid extraction were employed to evaluate the capacity of rTth polymerase to detect RNA. The results show that the inhibitors have different inhibitory effects on the real-time RT-PCR reactions by rTth polymerase, and the inhibitory effects are concentration dependent. Additionally, the capacity of rTth polymerase to detect RNA in the presence of various inhibitors is better or at least comparable with its capacity to detect DNA in the presence of various inhibitors. As a consequence, RNA may be directly detected in the presence of co-purified inhibitors or even directly from crude clinical samples by rTth polymerase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Cai
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Ole Behrmann
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Frank Hufert
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Gregory Dame
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Brandenburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (GU); (GD)
| | - Gerald Urban
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (GU); (GD)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Metas-Chip precisely identifies presence of micrometastasis in live biopsy samples by label free approach. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2175. [PMID: 29259164 PMCID: PMC5736647 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting the micrometastasis is a major challenge in patients’ survival. The small volume of the biopsied tissue results in limited number of histopathological samples and might reduce the rate of accurate diagnosis even by molecular technologies. We introduce a microelectronic biochip (named Metas-Chip) to detect the micrometastasis in unprocessed liquid or solid samples. It works based on the tendency of malignant cells to track single human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC)-sensing traps. Such cells detach themselves from the biopsied sample and invade the sensing traps by inducing membrane retraction and blebbing, which result in sharp changes in electrical response of the sensing elements. Metas-Chip identified the metastasis in more than 70 breast cancer patients, in less than 5 h. Moreover it detected the metastasis in lymph nodes of nine patients whom were missed by conventional pathological procedure. Multilevel IHC and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests confirmed the diagnosis. Detecting metastatic cells in tumor/lymph node samples of breast cancer patients is extremely important for diagnosis. Here the authors develop a microelectronic biochip that detect the presence of invasive/metastatic cells in unprocessed biopsies and performs better than the current gold standards.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ki-67 Expression by Immunohistochemistry and Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction as Predictor of Clinical Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2017; 2017:6209849. [PMID: 29225623 PMCID: PMC5684548 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6209849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy has become a standard of treatment in managing breast cancer. To achieve proper treatment for the right patients, the predictive marker is needed. Ki-67 is a biomarker of proliferation for solid tumor. Studies mentioned association of Ki-67 expression with chemotherapy response. The study aims are to evaluate whether Ki-67 expression detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) may predict clinical response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Methods This study utilized a longitudinal study. IHC and qRT-PCR methods were used for detection of Ki-67 expression. Chemotherapy response was calculated using RECIST. Data were analyzed with Chi-square and Wilcoxon's test. Results There were 48 subjects in this study. Analysis of Ki-67 expression with chemotherapy response has a significant correlation with p = 0.025 (<0.05), OR: 1.69, confidence interval (95% CI) 1.022–2.810. Analysis of Ki-67 mRNA expression with chemotherapy response has a significant correlation p = 0.002 (<0.05), OR: 6.85, confidence interval (95% CI) 1.064–44.193. Detection of Ki-67 expression using IHC and qRT-PCR has similar results, p = 0.012 (<0.05). Conclusion These results suggest that Ki-67 expression detected by both IHC and qRT-PCR is considered to be a predictor of clinical response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer.
Collapse
|
19
|
TERT promoter status and gene copy number gains: effect on TERT expression and association with prognosis in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:77540-77551. [PMID: 29100407 PMCID: PMC5652798 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene in human cancers leads to telomerase activation, which contributes to the growth advantage and survival of tumor cells. Molecular mechanisms of TERT upregulation are complex, tumor-specific and can be clinically relevant. To investigate these mechanisms in breast cancer, we sequenced the TERT promoter, evaluated TERT copy number changes and assessed the expression of the MYC oncogene, a known transcriptional TERT regulator, in two breast cancer cohorts comprising a total of 122 patients. No activating TERT promoter mutations were found, suggesting that this mutational mechanism is not likely to be involved in TERT upregulation in breast cancer. The T349C promoter polymorphism found in up to 50% of cases was not correlated with TERT expression, but T349C carriers had significantly shorter disease-free survival. TERT gains (15-25% of cases) were strongly correlated with increased TERT mRNA expression and worse patient prognosis in terms of disease-free and overall survival. Particularly aggressive breast cancers were characterized by an association of TERT gains with MYC overexpression. These results evidence a significant effect of gene copy number gain on the level of TERT expression and provide a new insight into the clinical significance of TERT and MYC upregulation in breast cancer.
Collapse
|
20
|
Shemanko CS. Prolactin receptor in breast cancer: marker for metastatic risk. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 57:R153-R165. [PMID: 27658959 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin and prolactin receptor signaling and function are complex in nature and intricate in function. Basic, pre-clinical and translational research has opened up our eyes to the understanding that prolactin and prolactin receptor signaling function differently within different cellular contexts and microenvironmental conditions. Its multiple roles in normal physiology are subverted in cancer initiation and progression, and gradually we are teasing out the intricacies of function and therapeutic value. Recently, we observed that prolactin has a role in accelerating the time to bone metastasis in breast cancer patients and identified the mechanism by which prolactin stimulated breast cancer cell-mediated lytic osteoclast formation. The possibility that the prolactin receptor is a marker for metastasis, and specifically bone metastasis, is one that may have to be put into the context of the different variants of prolactin, different prolactin receptor isoforms and intricate signaling pathways that are regulated by the microenvironment. The more complete the picture, the better one can test biomarker identity and design clinical trials to test therapeutic intervention. This review will cover the recent advances and highlight the complexity of prolactin receptor biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie S Shemanko
- Department of Biological SciencesCharbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Choi Y, Lee K, Gupta KC, Park SY, Kang IK. The role of ligand–receptor interactions in visual detection of HepG2 cells using a liquid crystal microdroplet-based biosensor. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:8659-8669. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optical (a) and polarized (b) micrographs showing orientational transition in a LC microdroplet on contacting with a HepG2 cell in PBS solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kyubae Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kailash C. Gupta
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- Republic of Korea
- Polymer Research Laboratory
| | - Soo-Young Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Inn-Kyu Kang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
PACHECO-VELÁZQUEZ SILVIACECILIA, GALLARDO-PÉREZ JUANCARLOS, AGUILAR-PONCE JOSÉLUIS, VILLARREAL PATRICIA, RUIZ-GODOY LUZ, PÉREZ-SÁNCHEZ MANUEL, MARÍN-HERNÁNDEZ ALVARO, RUIZ-GARCÍA ERIKA, MENESES-GARCÍA ABELARDO, MORENO-SÁNCHEZ RAFAEL, RODRÍGUEZ-ENRÍQUEZ SARA. Identification of a metabolic and canonical biomarker signature in Mexican HR+/HER2−, triple positive and triple-negative breast cancer patients. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2549-59. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
23
|
Denoth S, Broglie MA, Haerle SK, Huber GF, Haile SR, Soltermann A, Jochum W, Stoeckli SJ. Histopathological mapping of metastatic tumor cells in sentinel lymph nodes of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Head Neck 2014; 37:1477-82. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seraina Denoth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; Kantonsspital St. Gallen; Switzerland
| | - Martina A. Broglie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; Kantonsspital St. Gallen; Switzerland
| | - Stephan K. Haerle
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospital Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Gerhard F. Huber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospital Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Sarah R. Haile
- Clinical Trials Unit; Kantonsspital St. Gallen; Switzerland
| | - Alex Soltermann
- Department of Clinical Pathology; University Hospital of Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Wolfram Jochum
- Institute of Pathology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen; Switzerland
| | - Sandro J. Stoeckli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; Kantonsspital St. Gallen; Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yoon SH, Gupta KC, Borah JS, Park SY, Kim YK, Lee JH, Kang IK. Folate ligand anchored liquid crystal microdroplets emulsion for in vitro detection of KB cancer cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:10668-10677. [PMID: 25121826 DOI: 10.1021/la502032k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A KB cancer cell-selective, liquid crystal microdroplets emulsion is prepared using folic acid-conjugated block copolymers (PS-b-PAA-FA) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a mediator to induce configurational transitions in 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) liquid crystal microdroplets emulsion. The prepared liquid crystal microdroplets emulsion has shown a configurational transition from radial to bipolar on interacting with KB cancer cells, but no transition from radial to bipolar configuration is observed when liquid crystal microdroplets emulsion was allowed to interact with other normal cells such as fibroblast and osteoblast. The KB cancer cell selectivity of liquid crystal microdroplets emulsion has been considered due to the presence of KB cancer cell folate receptor-specific ligand (FA) at the surface of liquid crystal microdroplets, which allowed liquid crystal microdroplets to interact specifically with KB cancer cells. The ligand-receptor interactions have been considered responsible for triggering the configurational transitions from radial to bipolar in liquid crystal microdroplets emulsion. Thus, folate ligand anchored liquid crystal microdroplets emulsion has shown a potential to be used for in vitro detection of KB cancer cells in the early stage of tumor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong H Yoon
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, ‡Chemical Engineering Organic Nanoelectronics Laboratory, and §Materials Science & Engineering, Kyungpook National University , Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gaur RL, Srivastava R. Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer—Where We are and Where We have to Go! Adv Healthc Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118774205.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
26
|
Meneses-Morales I, Tecalco-Cruz AC, Barrios-García T, Gómez-Romero V, Trujillo-González I, Reyes-Carmona S, García-Zepeda E, Méndez-Enríquez E, Cervantes-Roldán R, Pérez-Sánchez V, Recillas-Targa F, Mohar-Betancourt A, León-Del-Río A. SIP1/NHERF2 enhances estrogen receptor alpha transactivation in breast cancer cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:6885-900. [PMID: 24771346 PMCID: PMC4066751 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that possesses two activating domains designated AF-1 and AF-2 that mediate its transcriptional activity. The role of AF-2 is to recruit coregulator protein complexes capable of modifying chromatin condensation status. In contrast, the mechanism responsible for the ligand-independent AF-1 activity and for its synergistic functional interaction with AF-2 is unclear. In this study, we have identified the protein Na+/H+ Exchanger RegulatoryFactor 2 (NHERF2) as an ERα-associated coactivator that interacts predominantly with the AF-1 domain of the nuclear receptor. Overexpression of NHERF2 in breast cancer MCF7 cells produced an increase in ERα transactivation. Interestingly, the presence of SRC-1 in NHERF2 stably overexpressing MCF7 cells produced a synergistic increase in ERα activity. We show further that NHERF2 interacts with ERα and SRC-1 in the promoter region of ERα target genes. The binding of NHERF2 to ERα in MCF7 cells increased cell proliferation and the ability of MCF7 cells to form tumors in a mouse model. We analyzed the expression of NHERF2 in breast cancer tumors finding a 2- to 17-fold increase in its mRNA levels in 50% of the tumor samples compared to normal breast tissue. These results indicate that NHERF2 is a coactivator of ERα that may participate in the development of estrogen-dependent breast cancer tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Meneses-Morales
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Tonatiuh Barrios-García
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Vania Gómez-Romero
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Isis Trujillo-González
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Sandra Reyes-Carmona
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Eduardo García-Zepeda
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Erika Méndez-Enríquez
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Rafael Cervantes-Roldán
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Víctor Pérez-Sánchez
- Unidad de investigación biomédica en cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14080 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Félix Recillas-Targa
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico Instituto de Fisiología Celular Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Mohar-Betancourt
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico Unidad de investigación biomédica en cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14080 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Alfonso León-Del-Río
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jung YJ, Kim JW, Park SJ, Min BY, Jang ES, Kim NY, Jeong SH, Shin CM, Lee SH, Park YS, Hwang JH, Kim N, Lee DH. c-Myc-mediated overexpression of miR-17-92 suppresses replication of hepatitis B virus in human hepatoma cells. J Med Virol 2013; 85:969-78. [PMID: 23532756 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate post-transcriptional gene expression in various physiological and pathological processes, including viral infections. The miR-17-92 cluster encodes six miRNAs (miR-17-5p, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-19b, miR-20a, and miR-92a-1) which are transactivated by c-Myc. Because hepatitis B virus transactivates c-Myc, the interaction between the miR-17-92 cluster and HBV replication was examined in this study. Inducing HBV replication in a human hepatoma cell line increased miR-17-5p, miR-20a and miR-92a-1 expression. HBV-induced overexpression of miR-17-92 was reversed by c-Myc knockdown. Antisense peptide nucleic acids against miR-20a and miR-92a-1 augmented HBV replication. A computational analysis yielded potential binding sites for miR-20a and miR-92a-1 in the HBV genome. The direct interaction between these two miRNAs and target regions in HBV transcripts was confirmed by luciferase reporter analysis. These results demonstrated negative feedback suppression of HBV replication by the miR-17-92 polycistron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jin Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yoon JH, Han KH, Kim EK, Moon HJ, Kim MJ, Suh YJ, Choi JS, Park BW. Fine-needle aspirates CYFRA 21-1 is a useful tumor marker for detecting axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57248. [PMID: 23451192 PMCID: PMC3581445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To assess whether the value of CYFRA21-1 in the aspirates of ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB) can contribute to improving the performances of US-FNAB in the diagnosis of axillary lymph node (LN) metastasis in breast cancer patients. Methods US-FNAB was performed in 156 axillary LNs in 152 breast cancer patients (mean age: 51.4 years, range: 17–92 years). Concentrations of CYFRA21-1 were measured from washouts of the syringe used during US-FNAB. Tumor marker concentrations, US-FNAB, intraoperative sentinel node biopsy (SNB), and surgical pathology results were reviewed and analyzed. For comparison, the values of CEA and CA15-3 were also measured from washouts. Results Among the 156 LNs, 75 (48.1%) were benign, and 81 (51.9%) were metastases. Mean concentrations of CYFRA21-1 were significantly higher in metastasis compared to benign LNs (P<0.001). US-FNAB combined to CYFRA21-1 showed significantly higher sensitivity, NPV, and accuracy compared to US-FNAB alone (all values P<0.05). All diagnostic indices of US-FNAB combined to CYFRA21-1 were significantly higher compared to US-FNAB combined with CEA or CA15-3 (all P<0.001). Of the 28 metastatic LNs which showed metastasis on SNB, CYFRA21-1 showed higher positive rate of 75.0% (CEA or CA15-3∶60.7%, P = 0.076). Conclusion Measuring CYFRA 21-1 concentrations from US-FNAB aspirates improves sensitivity, NPV, and accuracy of US-FNAB alone, and may contribute to reducing up to 75.0% of unnecessary intraoperative SNB. Compared to CEA or CA15-3, CYFRA21-1 shows significantly higher performances when combined to US-FNAB in the preoperative diagnosis of LN metastasis in breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Radiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Han
- Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Moon
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Young Joo Suh
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Soo Choi
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Byeong-Woo Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chernet BT, Levin M. Transmembrane voltage potential is an essential cellular parameter for the detection and control of tumor development in a Xenopus model. Dis Model Mech 2013; 6:595-607. [PMID: 23471912 PMCID: PMC3634644 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.010835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms that orchestrate cell behavior into appropriately patterned tissues and organs within the organism is an essential element of preventing, detecting and treating cancer. Bioelectric signals (resting transmembrane voltage potential gradients in all cells) underlie an important and broadly conserved set of control mechanisms that regulate pattern formation. We tested the role of transmembrane potential in tumorigenesis mediated by canonical oncogenes in Xenopus laevis. Depolarized membrane potential (Vmem) was a characteristic of induced tumor-like structures (ITLSs) generated by overexpression of Gli1, KrasG12D, Xrel3 or p53Trp248. This bioelectric signature was also present in precursor ITLS sites. Vmem is a bioelectric marker that reveals ITLSs before they become histologically and morphologically apparent. Moreover, voltage was functionally important: overexpression of hyperpolarizing ion transporters caused a return to normal Vmem and significantly reduced ITLS formation in vivo. To characterize the molecular mechanism by which Vmem change regulates ITLS phenotypes, we performed a suppression screen. Vmem hyperpolarization was transduced into downstream events via Vmem-regulated activity of SLC5A8, a sodium-butyrate exchanger previously implicated in human cancer. These data indicate that butyrate, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, might be responsible for transcriptional events that mediate suppression of ITLSs by hyperpolarization. Vmem is a convenient cellular parameter by which tumors induced by human oncogenes can be detected in vivo and represents a new diagnostic modality. Moreover, control of resting membrane potential is functionally involved in the process by which oncogene-bearing cells depart from normal morphogenesis programs to form tumors. Modulation of Vmem levels is a novel and promising strategy for tumor normalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brook T Chernet
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology and Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Andergassen U, Hofmann S, Kölbl AC, Schindlbeck C, Neugebauer J, Hutter S, Engelstädter V, Ilmer M, Friese K, Jeschke U. Detection of tumor cell-specific mRNA in the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer—evaluation of several markers with real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:1093-104. [PMID: 23299436 PMCID: PMC3565309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14011093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely known that cells from epithelial tumors, e.g., breast cancer, detach from their primary tissue and enter blood circulation. We show that the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in samples of patients with primary and metastatic breast cancer can be detected with an array of selected tumor-marker-genes by reverse transcription real-time PCR. The focus of the presented work is on detecting differences in gene expression between healthy individuals and adjuvant and metastatic breast cancer patients, not an accurate quantification of these differences. Therefore, total RNA was isolated from blood samples of healthy donors and patients with primary or metastatic breast cancer after enrichment of mononuclear cells by density gradient centrifugation. After reverse transcription real-time PCR was carried out with a set of marker genes (BCSP, CK8, Her2, MGL, CK18, CK19). B2M and GAPDH were used as reference genes. Blood samples from patients with metastatic disease revealed increased cytokine gene levels in comparison to normal blood samples. Detection of a single gene was not sufficient to detect CTCs by reverse transcription real-time PCR. Markers used here were selected based on a recent study detecting cancer cells on different protein levels. The combination of such a marker array leads to higher and more specific discovery rates, predominantly in metastatic patients. Identification of CTCs by PCR methods may lead to better diagnosis and prognosis and could help to choose an adequate therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Andergassen
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Campus Innenstadt, Maistraße 11, 80337 Munich, Germany; E-Mails: (U.A.); (S.H.); (A.C.K.); (J.N.); (S.H.); (V.E.); (K.F.)
| | - Simone Hofmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Campus Innenstadt, Maistraße 11, 80337 Munich, Germany; E-Mails: (U.A.); (S.H.); (A.C.K.); (J.N.); (S.H.); (V.E.); (K.F.)
| | - Alexandra C. Kölbl
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Campus Innenstadt, Maistraße 11, 80337 Munich, Germany; E-Mails: (U.A.); (S.H.); (A.C.K.); (J.N.); (S.H.); (V.E.); (K.F.)
| | - Christian Schindlbeck
- Frauenklinik, Klinikum Traunstein, Cuno-Niggl-Straße 3, 83278 Traunstein, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Julia Neugebauer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Campus Innenstadt, Maistraße 11, 80337 Munich, Germany; E-Mails: (U.A.); (S.H.); (A.C.K.); (J.N.); (S.H.); (V.E.); (K.F.)
| | - Stefan Hutter
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Campus Innenstadt, Maistraße 11, 80337 Munich, Germany; E-Mails: (U.A.); (S.H.); (A.C.K.); (J.N.); (S.H.); (V.E.); (K.F.)
| | - Verena Engelstädter
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Campus Innenstadt, Maistraße 11, 80337 Munich, Germany; E-Mails: (U.A.); (S.H.); (A.C.K.); (J.N.); (S.H.); (V.E.); (K.F.)
| | - Matthias Ilmer
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7435 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77054, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Klaus Friese
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Campus Innenstadt, Maistraße 11, 80337 Munich, Germany; E-Mails: (U.A.); (S.H.); (A.C.K.); (J.N.); (S.H.); (V.E.); (K.F.)
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Campus Innenstadt, Maistraße 11, 80337 Munich, Germany; E-Mails: (U.A.); (S.H.); (A.C.K.); (J.N.); (S.H.); (V.E.); (K.F.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-89-5160-4111; Fax: +49-89-5160-4715
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
The detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC) aids in diagnosis of disease, prognosis, disease recurrence, and therapeutic response. The molecular aspects of metastasis are reviewed including its relevance in the identification and characterization of putative markers that may be useful in the detection thereof. Also discussed are methods for CTC enrichment using molecular strategies. The clinical application of CTC in the metastatic disease process is also summarized.
Collapse
|
32
|
Hu C, Yang DP, Wang Z, Huang P, Wang X, Chen D, Cui D, Yang M, Jia N. Bio-mimetically synthesized Ag@BSA microspheres as a novel electrochemical biosensing interface for sensitive detection of tumor cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 41:656-62. [PMID: 23069357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of a novel cytosensor, comprised of bio-mimetically synthesized Ag@BSA composite microspheres, for the detection of KB cells (a model system) is described. The Ag@BSA composite microspheres were immobilized on Au electrodes via Au-thiol bonds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that the Ag@BSA were well-dispersed microspheres with an average diameter of 500 nm, including the monolayer of BSA. The immobilization of Ag@BSA composite microspheres onto Au electrodes is thought to increase the electrode surface area and accelerate the electron transfer rate while providing a highly stable matrix for the convenient conjugation of target molecules (such as folic acid) and the prolonged incubation of cells. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies showed that the fabricated cytosensor was able to detect KB cells ranging from 6.0×10(1) to 1.2×10(8) cells mL(-1) with a lower detection limit of 20 cells mL(-1). Due to its facile synthesis, high stability and reproducibility and cytocompatibility, the novel cytosensor described here could find multifarious uses in applications, such as cancer diagnosis, drug screening and cell adhesion studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Hu
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Iinuma H, Tamura J, Omoto D, Kamo N, Ohnaka S, Mitoma Y, Miyazawa Y, Okinaga K, Imamura T, Fukushima R, Watanabe T, Ikeda T. Accurate and rapid novel genetic diagnosis for detection of sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:724-31. [PMID: 22782345 PMCID: PMC3419953 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The transcription-reverse transcription concerted reaction (TRC) test is a novel molecular-based procedure, which can assess nodal metastasis accurately and quickly. We examined the usefulness of the TRC test with a double marker, cytokeratin 19 (CK19) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA, to detect sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) metastasis in breast cancer patients. Methods: A total of 264 SLNs from 131 breast cancer patients were assigned to a training set (109 SLNs from 50 patients) and validation set (155 SLNs from 81 patients). Cytokeratin 19 and CEA mRNA were detected by TRC tests, and the sensitivity and specificity of the SLN metastasis between the TRC and histology cohorts were compared. Results: Mean copy numbers of CK19 and CEA by TRC tests were increased according to the metastatic size. In the training set, TRC test showed 100% sensitivity, specificity and concordance rates against the permanent histopathology test. In the validation set, sensitivity was 97.1%, specificity was 99.2% and the concordance rate was 99.4%. Conclusion: Our results showed that the detection of CK19 and CEA mRNA using the TRC test is, an accurate and rapid method for detection of SLN metastasis and can be applied as an intraoperative molecular diagnosis in breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Iinuma
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Detection of prolactin inducible protein mRNA, a biomarker for breast cancer metastasis, using a molecular beacon-based assay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:399-406. [PMID: 22692591 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Mortality due to breast cancer is increasingly linked to early, undetected metastasis, making methods for earlier detection acutely necessary. We describe the development of an assay based on molecular beacon (MB) chemistry with fluorescence detection to monitor a breast cancer biomarker for the analysis of breast cancer metastasis. The MB assay is based on the complementary base-pairing interactions of the MB nucleic acid with mRNA indicative of breast cancer metastasis. The presence of mRNA is characterized by an increase in the fluorescence intensity of the molecular beacon. The assay gives a linear, reproducible response to prolactin inducible protein mRNA, with a limit of detection in the high picomolar range. This method sensitively and specifically identifies a biomarker directly in serum samples in minimal time and with a straightforward procedure, dramatically reducing the total time for sample analysis over current methods from days to hours. The potential impact of this work in detection and understanding of breast cancer metastasis lies in improvements in simplicity, accuracy, and speed over current methods, which could allow for improved patient treatment and prognoses. Ultimately, additional sample throughput will result in better understanding of disease progression.
Collapse
|
35
|
Vorburger MS, Broglie MA, Soltermann A, Haerle SK, Haile SR, Huber GF, Stoeckli SJ. Validity of frozen section in sentinel lymph node biopsy for the staging in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2012; 106:816-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.23156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
36
|
|
37
|
Li G, Zhang J, Jin K, He K, Wang H, Lu H, Teng L. Human mammaglobin: a superior marker for reverse-transcriptase PCR in detecting circulating tumor cells in breast cancer patients. Biomark Med 2011; 5:249-60. [PMID: 21473729 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.11.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women in the USA and the second most common cause of death in females who develop cancer. Recently, the detection of circulating tumor cells has emerged as a promising tool for monitoring the progression of clinically occult micrometastases in breast cancer patients. Sensitive molecular techniques, primarily based upon the reverse-transcriptase PCR, using various molecules as markers, have been developed to detect circulating tumor cells. Among those molecules, human mammaglobin mRNA has been found to be the most specific marker for the hematogenous spread of breast cancer cells. In this article, we review the current knowledge regarding the use of reverse-transcriptase PCR for detecting human mammaglobin mRNA as a biomarker for circulating tumor cells in breast cancer patients, and evaluate the clinical implications of human mammaglobin since it was first isolated in 1996.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- GuangLiang Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Molecular detection of breast cancer metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR): identifying, evaluating and establishing multi-marker panels. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 130:833-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
39
|
Detection of metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using the relative expression of tissue-specific mir-205. Transl Oncol 2011; 1:202-8. [PMID: 19043531 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.08163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of cervical lymph node metastases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the strongest determinant of patient prognosis. Owing to the impact of nodal metastases on patient survival, a system for sensitive and accurate detection is required. Clinical staging of lymph nodes is far less accurate than pathological staging. Pathological staging also suffers limitations because it fails to detect micrometastasis in a subset of nodal specimens. To improve the sensitivity of existing means of diagnosing metastatic disease, many advocate the use of molecular markers specific for HNSCC cells. MicroRNA (miRNA) are short noncoding segments of RNA that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression. Approximately one third of all miRNA will exhibit substantial tissue specificity. Using a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-based assay, we examined the expression of microRNA-205 (mir-205) across tissues and demonstrated that its expression is highly specific for squamous epithelium. We applied this assay to tissue samples, and we could detect metastatic HNSCC in each positive lymph node specimen, whereas benign specimens did not express this marker. When compared to metastases from other primary tumors, HNSCC-positive lymph nodes were distinguishable by the high expression of this marker. Using an in vitro lymphoid tissue model, we were able to detect as little as one squamous cell in a background of 1 million lymphocytes. By combining the sensitivity of quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with the specificity of mir-205 for squamous epithelium, we demonstrate a novel molecular marker for the detection of metastatic HNSCC.
Collapse
|
40
|
Oh M, Lee JY, Shin DH, Park JH, Oian T, Kim HJ, Cho SD, Oh SH, Min YK, Kong G. The in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effect of KO-202125, a sauristolactam derivative, as a novel epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor in human breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:597-604. [PMID: 21205071 PMCID: PMC11159864 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01817.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most promising targets for cancer therapy. Here, we show the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects and associated mechanisms of KO-202125, one of the synthesized aristolactam analogs, as a novel EGFR inhibitor, in EGFR-overexpressing cancer cell lines. KO-202125 showed more effective growth inhibition and apoptosis induction than gefitinib, a representative EGFR inhibitor, in various EGFR-overexpressing human cancers including estrogen receptor (ER)-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation at Tyr1068 was reduced and, consequently, the association of EGFR with p85 was decreased by KO-202125 treatment in MDA-MB-231 cell lines. This led to inactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, and consequently suppression of activation of the Wnt pathway and enhancement of the nuclear import of p27Kip1. KO-202125 treatment in nude mice injected with MDA-MB-231 cells showed inhibition of tumor growth without toxicity. Collectively, our results showed the possibility of KO-202125 as an effective therapy agent of EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells through reduced EGFR activity and downregulation of the Akt pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyun Oh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mukhopadhyay P, Chakraborty S, Ponnusamy MP, Lakshmanan I, Jain M, Batra SK. Mucins in the pathogenesis of breast cancer: implications in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1815:224-40. [PMID: 21277939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mucins are high molecular weight, multifunctional glycoproteins comprised of two structural classes-the large transmembrane mucins and the gel-forming or secreted mucins. The primary function of mucins is to protect and lubricate the luminal surfaces of epithelium-lined ducts in the human body. Recent studies have identified a differential expression of both membrane bound (MUC1, MUC4 and MUC16) and secreted mucins (MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B and MUC6) in breast cancer tissues when compared with the non-neoplastic breast tissues. Functional studies have also uncovered many unique roles of mucins during the progression of breast cancer, which include modulation in proliferative, invasive and metastatic potential of tumor cells. Mucins function through many unique domains that can form complex association with various signaling molecules including growth factor receptors and intercellular adhesion molecules. While there is growing information about mucins in various malignancies including breast cancer, no focused review is there on the expression and functional roles of mucins in breast cancer. In this present review, we have discussed the differential expression and functional roles of mucins in breast cancer. The potential of mucins as diagnostic and prognostic markers and as therapeutic targets in breast cancer have also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fisher CS, Cole DJ, Mitas M, Garrett-Meyer E, Metcalf JS, Gillanders WE, Mikhitarian K, Urist MM, Mann GB, Doherty G, Herrmann VM, Hill AD, Eremin O, El-Sheemy M, Orr RK, Valle AA, Henderson MA, Dewitty RL, Sugg SL, Frykberg E, Yeh K, Bell RM, Baker MK. Molecular Detection of Micrometastatic Breast Cancer in Histopathology—Negative Axillary Lymph Nodes Fails to Predict Breast Cancer Recurrence: A Final Analysis of a Prospective Multi-Institutional Cohort Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 17 Suppl 3:312-20. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-010-1258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
43
|
Layfield DM, Agrawal A, Roche H, Cutress RI. Intraoperative assessment of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer. Br J Surg 2010; 98:4-17. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.7229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) reduces the morbidity of axillary clearance and is the standard of care for patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer. The ability to analyse the sentinel node during surgery enables a decision to be made whether to proceed to full axillary clearance during primary surgery, thus avoiding a second procedure in node-positive patients.
Methods
Current evidence for intraoperative sentinel node analysis following SLNB in breast cancer was reviewed and evaluated, based on articles obtained from a MEDLINE search using the terms ‘sentinel node’, ‘intra-operative’ and ‘breast cancer’.
Results and conclusion
Current methods for evaluating the sentinel node during surgery include cytological and histological techniques. Newer quantitative molecular assays have been the subject of much recent clinical research. Pathological techniques of intraoperative SLNB analysis such as touch imprint cytology and frozen section have a high specificity, but a lower and more variably reported sensitivity. Molecular techniques are potentially able to sample a greater proportion of the sentinel node, and could have higher sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Layfield
- Southampton Breast Surgical Unit, Southampton University Hospitals Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - A Agrawal
- Portsmouth Breast Surgical Unit, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - H Roche
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - R I Cutress
- Southampton Breast Surgical Unit, Southampton University Hospitals Trust, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mahmoud W, Sukhanova A, Oleinikov V, Rakovich YP, Donegan JF, Pluot M, Cohen JHM, Volkov Y, Nabiev I. Emerging applications of fluorescent nanocrystals quantum dots for micrometastases detection. Proteomics 2010; 10:700-16. [PMID: 19953553 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of metastases is one of the main causes of death in many cancers and the main cause of death for breast cancer patients. Micrometastases of disseminated tumour cells and circulating tumour cells are present in more than 30% of breast cancer patients without any clinical or even histopathological signs of metastasis. Low abundance of these cell types in clinical diagnostic material dictates the necessity of their enrichment prior to reliable detection. Current micrometastases detection techniques are based on immunocytochemical and molecular methods suffering from low efficiency of tumour cells enrichment and observer-dependent interpretation. The use of highly fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals, also known as "quantum dots" and nanocrystal-encoded microbeads tagged with a wide panel of antibodies against specific tumour markers offers unique possibilities for ultra-sensitive micrometastases detection in patients' serum and tissues. The nanoparticle-based diagnostics provides an opportunity for highly sensitive parallel quantification of specific proteins in a rapid and low-cost method, thereby providing a link between the primary tumour and the micrometastases for early diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wael Mahmoud
- EA no 3798 Détection et Approches Thérapeutiques Nanotechnologiques dans Mécanismes Biologiques de Défense, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Miura N, Osaki Y, Nagashima M, Kohno M, Yorozu K, Shomori K, Kanbe T, Oyama K, Kishimoto Y, Maruyama S, Noma E, Horie Y, Kudo M, Sakaguchi S, Hirooka Y, Ito H, Kawasaki H, Hasegawa J, Shiota G. A novel biomarker TERTmRNA is applicable for early detection of hepatoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2010; 10:46. [PMID: 20482774 PMCID: PMC2881114 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-10-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds We previously reported a highly sensitive method for serum human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). α-fetoprotein (AFP) and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) are good markers for HCC. In this study, we verified the significance of hTERTmRNA in a large scale multi-centered trial, collating quantified values with clinical course. Methods In 638 subjects including 303 patients with HCC, 89 with chronic hepatitis (CH), 45 with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 201 healthy individuals, we quantified serum hTERTmRNA using the real-time RT-PCR. We examined its sensitivity and specificity in HCC diagnosis, clinical significance, ROC curve analysis in comparison with other tumor markers, and its correlations with the clinical parameters using Pearson relative test and multivariate analyses. Furthermore, we performed a prospective and comparative study to observe the change of biomarkers, including hTERTmRNA in HCC patients receiving anti-cancer therapies. Results hTERTmRNA was demonstrated to be independently correlated with clinical parameters; tumor size and tumor differentiation (P < 0.001, each). The sensitivity/specificity of hTERTmRNA in HCC diagnosis showed 90.2%/85.4% for hTERT. hTERTmRNA proved to be superior to AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP in the diagnosis and underwent an indisputable change in response to therapy. The detection rate of small HCC by hTERTmRNA was superior to the other markers. Conclusions hTERTmRNA is superior to conventional tumor markers in the diagnosis and recurrence of HCC at an early stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norimasa Miura
- Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Tottori University, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Choi YL, Ahn SK, Bae YK, Park IA, Min JW, Lee KW, Bae JH, Han W, Choi JE, Cho EY, Kim S, Lee HS, Nam SJ, Lee JE, Lee SJ, Noh DY, Yang JH. One-step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA): Intraoperative Rapid Molecular Diagnostic Method for the Detection of Sentinel Lymph Node Metastases in Breast Cancer Patients in Korean Cohort. J Breast Cancer 2010. [DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2010.13.4.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-La Choi
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kyung Bae
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - In Ae Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Won Min
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin hye Bae
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonshik Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Choi
- Department of Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun Yoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangmin Kim
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sook Lee
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Jin Nam
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Yang
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Daniele L, Annaratone L, Allia E, Mariani S, Armando E, Bosco M, Macrì L, Cassoni P, D’Armento G, Bussolati G, Cserni G, Sapino A. Technical limits of comparison of step-sectioning,immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR on breast cancer sentinel nodes: a study on methacarn-fixed tissue. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:4042-50. [PMID: 18671755 PMCID: PMC4516551 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00449.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The optimal pathological assessment of sentinel nodes (SLNs) in breast cancer is a matter of debate. Currently, multilevel histological evaluation and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are recommended, but alternative RT-PCR procedures have been developed. To assess the reliability of these different procedures, we devised a step-sectioning protocol at 100 micron-intervals of 74 SLNs using methacarn fixation. mRNA was extracted from sections collected from levels 4 to 5. Mammaglobin, CEA and CK19 were used for RT-PCR. mRNA extraction was successful in 69 SLNs. Of these, 7 showed macrometastases (>2mm), 2 showed micrometastases (<2 mm) and 7 showed isolated tumour cells (ITC) by IHC. RT-PCR was positive for the three markers in 6 of 7 macrometastases and in 1 of 2 micrometastases. In the 2 RT-PCR negative cases, metastases were detected only on sections distant from those analysed by RT-PCR. CEA and/or CK19 were positive by RT-PCR in 3 of 7 ITC and in 23 morphologically negative SLNs. In conclusion, the main goal of our study was to show that the use of alternate sections of the same sample for different procedures is the key reason for the discrepancies between molecular and morphological analyses of SLN. We believe that only prospective studies with quantitative mRNA analysis of specific metastatic markers on the whole lymph node can elucidate the utility of molecular assessments of SLN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Daniele
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - Laura Annaratone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - Elena Allia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - Sara Mariani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - Enrico Armando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - Martino Bosco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - Luigia Macrì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D’Armento
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - Gianni Bussolati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - Gabor Cserni
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Bács-Kiskun County Teaching HospitalKecskemét, Hungary
| | - Anna Sapino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhao Z, Wei Q, Zhao Y, Sun F, Jin X, Cui B, Ning G. Genetic copy number alterations and IL-13 expression differences in papillary thyroid cancers and benign nodules. Endocrine 2009; 36:155-60. [PMID: 19507063 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-009-9206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid nodules were the extremely common endocrine tumors, in which papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) were the most prevalent endocrine malignancy, representing 80-90% of all thyroid malignancies. It was still a dilemma to discriminate PTCs and benign thyroid nodules. With a new molecular genetics technology of Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), we investigated 13 PTC and 14 benign nodule tissue samples. The results showed that PTCs had more genetic copy number alteration than benign nodules (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis suggested that genomic aberrations would provide a moderate accuracy method to discriminate PTCs and benign nodules. The gain of interleukin 13 (IL-13) gene obviously identified the great difference between PTCs and benign nodules. Immunohistochemistry also confirmed significantly higher IL-13 expression in the PTCs (P < 0.001). The current study showed that MLPA should be an effective method to diagnose PTCs and benign thyroid nodules, and also provided a clue to another relationship between IL-13 and PTCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ZeFei Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Raynor MP, Stephenson SA, Pittman KB, Walsh DCA, Henderson MA, Dobrovic A. Identification of circulating tumour cells in early stage breast cancer patients using multi marker immunobead RT-PCR. J Hematol Oncol 2009; 2:24. [PMID: 19500345 PMCID: PMC2712470 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-2-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The ability to screen blood of early stage operable breast cancer patients for circulating tumour cells is of potential importance for identifying patients at risk of developing distant relapse. We present the results of a study of the efficacy of the immunobead RT-PCR method in identifying patients with circulating tumour cells. Results Immunomagnetic enrichment of circulating tumour cells followed by RT-PCR (immunobead RT-PCR) with a panel of five epithelial specific markers (ELF3, EPHB4, EGFR, MGB1 and TACSTD1) was used to screen for circulating tumour cells in the peripheral blood of 56 breast cancer patients. Twenty patients were positive for two or more RT-PCR markers, including seven patients who were node negative by conventional techniques. Significant increases in the frequency of marker positivity was seen in lymph node positive patients, in patients with high grade tumours and in patients with lymphovascular invasion. A strong trend towards improved disease free survival was seen for marker negative patients although it did not reach significance (p = 0.08). Conclusion Multi-marker immunobead RT-PCR analysis of peripheral blood is a robust assay that is capable of detecting circulating tumour cells in early stage breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Raynor
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5011, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mostert B, Sleijfer S, Foekens JA, Gratama JW. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs): detection methods and their clinical relevance in breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2009; 35:463-74. [PMID: 19410375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The enumeration of circulating tumor cells has long been regarded as an attractive diagnostic tool, as circulating tumor cells are thought to reflect aggressiveness of the tumor and may assist in therapeutic decisions in patients with solid malignancies. However, implementation of this assay into clinical routine has been cumbersome, as a validated test was not available until recently. Circulating tumor cells are rare events which can be detected specifically only by using a combination of surface and intracellular markers, and only recently a number of technical advances have made their reliable detection possible. Most of these new techniques rely on a combination of an enrichment and a detection step. This review addresses the assays that have been described so far in the literature, including the enrichment and detection steps and the markers used in these assays. We have focused on breast cancer as most clinical studies on CTC detection so far have been done in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Mostert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center - Josephine Nefkens Institute and Cancer Genomics Centre, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|