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Yang H, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Yu J, Liu C, Lu W. Identification of Dual-Target Inhibitors for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and AKT: Virtual Screening Based on Structure and Molecular Dynamics Study. Molecules 2023; 28:7607. [PMID: 38005329 PMCID: PMC10673407 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor EGFR is an important target for non-small cell lung (NSCL) cancer, and inhibitors of the AKT protein have been used in many cancer treatments, including those for NSCL cancer. Therefore, searching small molecular inhibitors which can target both EGFR and AKT may help cancer treatment. In this study, we applied a ligand-based pharmacophore model, molecular docking, and MD simulation methods to search for potential inhibitors of EGFR and then studied dual-target inhibitors of EGFR and AKT by screening the immune-oncology Chinese medicine (TCMIO) database and the human endogenous database (HMDB). It was found that TCMIO89212, TCMIO90156, and TCMIO98874 had large binding free energies with EGFR and AKT, and HMDB0012243 also has the ability to bind to EGFR and AKT. These results may provide valuable information for further experimental study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Yang
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Chongjin Liu
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Wencai Lu
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
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2
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Vaparanta K, Jokilammi A, Paatero I, Merilahti JA, Heliste J, Hemanthakumar KA, Kivelä R, Alitalo K, Taimen P, Elenius K. STAT5b is a key effector of NRG-1/ERBB4-mediated myocardial growth. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56689. [PMID: 37009825 PMCID: PMC10157316 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth factor Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) regulates myocardial growth and is currently under clinical investigation as a treatment for heart failure. Here, we demonstrate in several in vitro and in vivo models that STAT5b mediates NRG-1/EBBB4-stimulated cardiomyocyte growth. Genetic and chemical disruption of the NRG-1/ERBB4 pathway reduces STAT5b activation and transcription of STAT5b target genes Igf1, Myc, and Cdkn1a in murine cardiomyocytes. Loss of Stat5b also ablates NRG-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Dynamin-2 is shown to control the cell surface localization of ERBB4 and chemical inhibition of Dynamin-2 downregulates STAT5b activation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In zebrafish embryos, Stat5 is activated during NRG-1-induced hyperplastic myocardial growth, and chemical inhibition of the Nrg-1/Erbb4 pathway or Dynamin-2 leads to loss of myocardial growth and Stat5 activation. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of stat5b results in reduced myocardial growth and cardiac function. Finally, the NRG-1/ERBB4/STAT5b signaling pathway is differentially regulated at mRNA and protein levels in the myocardium of patients with pathological cardiac hypertrophy as compared to control human subjects, consistent with a role of the NRG-1/ERBB4/STAT5b pathway in myocardial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Vaparanta
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFinland
- Medicity Research LaboratoriesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Anne Jokilammi
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFinland
- Medicity Research LaboratoriesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFinland
| | - Johannes A Merilahti
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFinland
| | - Juho Heliste
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFinland
- Medicity Research LaboratoriesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Karthik Amudhala Hemanthakumar
- Wihuri Research InstituteHelsinkiFinland
- Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research InstituteHelsinkiFinland
- Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research InstituteHelsinkiFinland
- Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pekka Taimen
- Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of PathologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Klaus Elenius
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFinland
- Medicity Research LaboratoriesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of OncologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
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3
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Qureshi R, Zou B, Alam T, Wu J, Lee VHF, Yan H. Computational Methods for the Analysis and Prediction of EGFR-Mutated Lung Cancer Drug Resistance: Recent Advances in Drug Design, Challenges and Future Prospects. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 20:238-255. [PMID: 35007197 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2022.3141697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a major cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and has a very low survival rate. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the largest subset of lung cancers, which accounts for about 85% of all cases. It has been well established that a mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) can lead to lung cancer. EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) are developed to target the kinase domain of EGFR. These TKIs produce promising results at the initial stage of therapy, but the efficacy becomes limited due to the development of drug resistance. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of computational methods, for understanding drug resistance mechanisms. The important EGFR mutants and the different generations of EGFR-TKIs, with the survival and response rates are discussed. Next, we evaluate the role of important EGFR parameters in drug resistance mechanism, including structural dynamics, hydrogen bonds, stability, dimerization, binding free energies, and signaling pathways. Personalized drug resistance prediction models, drug response curve, drug synergy, and other data-driven methods are also discussed. Recent advancements in deep learning; such as AlphaFold2, deep generative models, big data analytics, and the applications of statistics and permutation are also highlighted. We explore limitations in the current methodologies, and discuss strategies to overcome them. We believe this review will serve as a reference for researchers; to apply computational techniques for precision medicine, analyzing structures of protein-drug complexes, drug discovery, and understanding the drug response and resistance mechanisms in lung cancer patients.
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5
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Molecular Engineering of Curcumin, an Active Constituent of Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric) of the Family Zingiberaceae with Improved Antiproliferative Activity. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081559. [PMID: 34451604 PMCID: PMC8398451 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the world’s second leading cause of death, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths and 19.3 million new cases in 2020. Curcumin analogs are gaining popularity as anticancer agents currently. We reported herein the isolation, molecular engineering, molecular docking, antiproliferative, and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) activities of curcumin analogs. Three curcumin analogs were prepared and docked against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), revealing efficient binding. Antiproliferative activity against 60 NCI cancer cell lines was assessed using National Cancer Institute (NCI US) protocols. The compound 3b,c demonstrated promising antiproliferative activity in single dose (at 10 µM) as well as five dose (0.01, 0.10, 1.00, 10, and 100 µM). Compound 3c inhibited leukemia cancer panel better than other cancer panels with growth inhibition of 50% (GI50) values ranging from 1.48 to 2.73 µM, and the most promising inhibition with GI50 of 1.25 µM was observed against leukemia cell line SR, while the least inhibition was found against non-small lung cancer cell line NCI-H226 with GI50 value of 7.29 µM. Compounds 3b,c demonstrated superior antiproliferative activity than curcumin and gefitinib. In molecular docking, compound 3c had the most significant interaction with four H-bonds and three π–π stacking, and compound 3c was found to moderately inhibit EGFR. The curcumin analogs discovered in this study have the potential to accelerate the anticancer drug discovery program.
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6
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Mollaei M, Hassan ZM, Khorshidi F, Langroudi L. Chemotherapeutic drugs: Cell death- and resistance-related signaling pathways. Are they really as smart as the tumor cells? Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101056. [PMID: 33684837 PMCID: PMC7938256 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs kill cancer cells or control their progression all over the patient's body, while radiation- and surgery-based treatments perform in a particular site. Based on their mechanisms of action, they are classified into different groups, including alkylating substrates, antimetabolite agents, anti-tumor antibiotics, inhibitors of topoisomerase I and II, mitotic inhibitors, and finally, corticosteroids. Although chemotherapeutic drugs have brought about more life expectancy, two major and severe complications during chemotherapy are chemoresistance and tumor relapse. Therefore, we aimed to review the underlying intracellular signaling pathways involved in cell death and resistance in different chemotherapeutic drug families to clarify the shortcomings in the conventional single chemotherapy applications. Moreover, we have summarized the current combination chemotherapy applications, including numerous combined-, and encapsulated-combined-chemotherapeutic drugs. We further discussed the possibilities and applications of precision medicine, machine learning, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and whole-exome sequencing (WES) in promoting cancer immunotherapies. Finally, some of the recent clinical trials concerning the application of immunotherapies and combination chemotherapies were included as well, in order to provide a practical perspective toward the future of therapies in cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Mollaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Fatemeh Khorshidi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Langroudi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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7
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Arancillo M, Taechalertpaisarn J, Liang X, Burgess K. Piptides: New, Easily Accessible Chemotypes For Interactions With Biomolecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maritess Arancillo
- Department of Chemistry Texas A & M University Box 30012 College Station TX 77842 USA
| | | | - Xiaowen Liang
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Institute of Biosciences and Technology Texas A&M Health Science Center Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry Texas A & M University Box 30012 College Station TX 77842 USA
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8
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Arancillo M, Taechalertpaisarn J, Liang X, Burgess K. Piptides: New, Easily Accessible Chemotypes For Interactions With Biomolecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6653-6659. [PMID: 33319463 PMCID: PMC7940574 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule probe development is pivotal in biomolecular science. Research described here was undertaken to develop a non-peptidic chemotype, piptides, that is amenable to convenient, iterative solid-phase syntheses, and useful in biomolecular probe discovery. Piptides can be made from readily accessible pip acid building blocks and have good proteolytic and pH stabilities. An illustrative application of piptides against a protein-protein interaction (PPI) target was explored. The Exploring Key Orientations (EKO) strategy was used to evaluate piptide candidates for this. A library of only 14 piptides contained five members that disrupted epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor, EGFR, at low micromolar concentrations. These piptides also caused apoptotic cell death, and antagonized EGF-induced phosphorylation of intracellular tyrosine residues in EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritess Arancillo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX, 77842, USA
| | - Jaru Taechalertpaisarn
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX, 77842, USA
| | - Xiaowen Liang
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX, 77842, USA
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9
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Pan C, Duan H, Wu Y, Zhu C, Yi C, Duan Y, Lu D, Guo C, Wu D, Wang Y, Fu X, Xu J, Chen Y, Luo M, Tian W, Pan T, Xu W, Zhang S, Huang J. Inhibition of DNA‑PK by gefitinib causes synergism between gefitinib and cisplatin in NSCLC. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:939-955. [PMID: 32945394 PMCID: PMC7473755 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has the highest incidence and mortality rates among the malignant tumor types worldwide. Platinum‑based chemotherapy is the main treatment for advanced non‑small‑cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and epidermal growth factor receptor‑tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‑TKIs) have greatly improved the survival of patients with EGFR‑sensitive mutations. However, there is no standard therapy for treating patients who are EGFR‑TKI resistant. Combining EGFR‑TKIs and platinum‑based chemotherapy is the most popular strategy in the clinical practice. However, the synergistic mechanism between EGFR‑TKIs and platinum remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the synergistic mechanism of gefitinib (an EGFR‑TKI) and cisplatin (a main platinum‑based drug). MTT assay, apoptosis analysis, tumorsphere formation and an orthotropic xenograft mouse model were used to examine the combination effects of gefitinib and cisplatin on NSCLC. Co‑immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were used to identify the underlying mechanism. It was found that gefitinib could selectively inhibit EGFR from entering the nucleus, decrease DNA‑PK activity and enhance the cytotoxicity of cisplatin on NSCLC. Collectively, the results suggested that inhibition of DNA‑dependent protein kinase by gefitinib may be due to the synergistic mechanism between gefitinib and cisplatin. Thus, the present study provides a novel insight into potential biomarkers for the selection of combination therapy of gefitinib and cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Pan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Huijie Duan
- Cancer Institute (National Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yinan Wu
- Cancer Institute (National Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Chunpeng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Chenghao Yi
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yin Duan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Demin Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Cancer Institute (National Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Deqi Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xianhua Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Cancer Institute (National Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yiding Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Meng Luo
- Cancer Institute (National Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Wenhong Xu
- Cancer Institute (National Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Suzhan Zhang
- Cancer Institute (National Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jianjin Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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10
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Wang X, Yeo RX, Hogg PJ, Goldstein D, Crowe P, Dilda PJ, Yang JL. The synergistic inhibitory effect of combining therapies targeting EGFR and mitochondria in sarcomas. Oncotarget 2020; 11:46-61. [PMID: 32002123 PMCID: PMC6967775 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our group previously demonstrated that sarcoma cell lines were insensitive to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor gefitinib monotherapy. PENAO, an anti-tumour metabolic compound created in our laboratory, is currently in clinical trials. Considering the positive regulation of tumour energy production by both the EGFR signalling and tumour metabolism pathways, this study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanisms of combination therapy using gefitinib and PENAO in sarcoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo. PENAO monotherapy reduced proliferation in 12 sarcoma cell lines. Combining gefitinib and PENAO resulted in synergistic inhibition in both a time- and dose-dependent manner in 3 sarcoma cell lines with less prominent monotherapy effects. Combined treatment significantly enhanced cell death and perturbed mitochondrial function. In vivo combination therapy with PENAO and gefitinib was non-toxic to mice and significantly delayed tumour growth and prolonged survival. At 20 days after treatment, tumours from the combination treated mice were significantly smaller than those from untreated and single drug treated mice. The survival curves also showed significant difference across and between groups. The combination of PENAO and gefitinib in vitro and in vivo, shows promise as a treatment pathway in this poor outcome tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Wang
- Sarcoma and Nano-oncology Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Reichelle X Yeo
- Sarcoma and Nano-oncology Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,The Centenary Institute, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Philip J Hogg
- The Centenary Institute, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip Crowe
- Sarcoma and Nano-oncology Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pierre J Dilda
- Tumour Metabolism Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jia-Lin Yang
- Sarcoma and Nano-oncology Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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11
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Abdeldayem A, Raouf YS, Constantinescu SN, Moriggl R, Gunning PT. Advances in covalent kinase inhibitors. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2617-2687. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00720b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This comprehensive review details recent advances, challenges and innovations in covalent kinase inhibition within a 10 year period (2007–2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayah Abdeldayem
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences
- University of Toronto
- Mississauga
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yasir S. Raouf
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences
- University of Toronto
- Mississauga
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics
- University of Veterinary Medicine
- 1210 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences
- University of Toronto
- Mississauga
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
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12
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Solassol I, Pinguet F, Quantin X. FDA- and EMA-Approved Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Advanced EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Safety, Tolerability, Plasma Concentration Monitoring, and Management. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110668. [PMID: 31671561 PMCID: PMC6921037 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of primary lung cancer. The discovery of several oncogenic driver mutations in patients with NSCLC has allowed the development of personalized treatments based on these specific molecular alterations, in particular in the tyrosine kinase (TK) domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. Gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, and osimertinib are TK inhibitors (TKIs) that specifically target EGFR and are currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) as first line treatment for sensitive EGFR-mutant patients. However, these four drugs are associated with severe adverse events (AEs) that can significantly impact patient health-related quality of life and patient monitoring. EGFR-TKIs are commonly used together with other types of medication that can substantially interact. Here, we review approaches used for the management of TKI-AEs in patients with advanced NSCLC to promote the benefits of treatments and minimize the risk of TKI treatment discontinuation. We also consider potential TKI–drug interactions and discuss the usefulness of plasma concentration monitoring TKIs based on chromatographic and mass spectrometry approaches to guide clinical decision-making. Adjusting the most appropriate therapeutic strategies and drug doses may improve the performance therapy and prognosis of patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Solassol
- Unité de Recherche Translationnelle, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34000 Montpellier, France.
- Département de Pharmacie, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34000 Montpellier, France.
| | - Frédéric Pinguet
- Département de Pharmacie, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34000 Montpellier, France.
| | - Xavier Quantin
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), IRCM, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France.
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13
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Thomas R, Srivastava S, Katreddy RR, Sobieski J, Weihua Z. Kinase-Inactivated EGFR Is Required for the Survival of Wild-Type EGFR-Expressing Cancer Cells Treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102515. [PMID: 31121829 PMCID: PMC6566606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting the tyrosine kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) using small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is often ineffective in treating cancers harboring wild-type EGFR (wt-EGFR). TKIs are known to cause dimerization of EGFR without altering its expression level. Given the fact that EGFR possesses kinase-independent pro-survival function, the role of TKI-inactivated EGFR in cancer cell survival needs to be addressed. In this study, using wt-EGFR-expressing cancer cells A549 (lung), DU145 (prostate), PC3 (prostate), and MDA-MB-231 (breast), we characterized the TKI-induced dimerization status of EGFR and determined the dependency of cells on kinase-inactivated EGFR for survival. We report that TKI-induced EGFR dimerization is dependent on palmitoylation and independent of its kinase activity, and that mutations of the cysteine residues known to be critical for EGFR’s palmitoylation abolished TKI-induced EGFR dimerization. Furthermore, TKI-induced EGFR dimerization is persistent in TKI-resistant cells, and inhibition of palmitoylation by 2-bromopalmitate, or targeted reduction of the kinase-inactivated EGFR by siRNA or by an EGFR-downregulating peptide, are lethal to TKI-resistant cancer cells. This study suggests that kinase-inactivated EGFR remains to be a viable therapeutic target for wt-EGFR cancers and that inhibiting palmitoylation or downregulating EGFR may overcome TKI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintu Thomas
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5036, USA.
| | - Shivangi Srivastava
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5036, USA.
| | - Rajasekhara Reddy Katreddy
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5036, USA.
| | - Jason Sobieski
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5036, USA.
| | - Zhang Weihua
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5036, USA.
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14
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Chen X, Wu H, Chen H, Wang Q, Xie XJ, Shen J. Astragaloside VI Promotes Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Enhances Neurological Function Recovery in Transient Cerebral Ischemic Injury via Activating EGFR/MAPK Signaling Cascades. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3053-3067. [PMID: 30088176 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radix Astragali (AR) is a commonly used medicinal herb for post-stroke disability in Traditional Chinese Medicine but its active compounds for promoting neurogenic effects are largely unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that Astragaloside VI could be a promising active compound from AR for adult neurogenesis and brain repair via targeting epidermal growth factor (EGF)-mediated MAPK signaling pathway in post-stroke treatment. By using cultured neural stem cells (NSCs) and experimental stroke rat model, we investigated the effects of Astragaloside VI on inducing NSCs proliferation and self-renewal in vitro, and enhancing neurogenesis for the recovery of the neurological functions in post-ischemic brains in vivo. For animal experiments, rats were undergone 1.5 h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) plus 7 days reperfusion. Astragaloside VI (2 μg/kg) was daily administrated by intravenous injection (i.v.) for 7 days. Astragaloside VI treatment promoted neurogenesis and astrogenic formation in dentate gyrus zone, subventricular zone, and cortex of the transient ischemic rat brains in vivo. Astragaloside VI treatment enhanced NSCs self-renewal and proliferation in the cultured NSCs in vitro without affecting NSCs differentiation. Western blot analysis showed that Astragaloside VI up-regulated the expression of nestin, p-EGFR and p-MAPK, and increased neurosphere sizes, whose effects were abolished by the co-treatment of EGF receptor inhibitor gefitinib and ERK inhibitor PD98059. Behavior tests revealed that Astragaloside VI promoted the spatial learning and memory and improved the impaired motor function in transient cerebral ischemic rats. Taken together, Astragaloside VI could effectively activate EGFR/MAPK signaling cascades, promote NSCs proliferation and neurogenesis in transient cerebral ischemic brains, and improve the repair of neurological functions in post-ischemic stroke rats. Astragaloside VI could be a new therapeutic drug candidate for post-stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Core Facility, The People's Hospital of Bao-an, Shenzhen, China.,The 8th people's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Affiliated Bao-an Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- Department of Core Facility, The People's Hospital of Bao-an, Shenzhen, China. .,School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Niehus SE, Tran DDH, Mischak M, Koch A. Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor provides a growth advantage in epithelial cancer cell line A431 in the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor gefitinib. Cell Signal 2018; 51:191-198. [PMID: 30075184 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been identified as a potent "oncogenic driver" in various tumors of epithelial origin, EGFR-targeted therapies are often of limited success. One of the challenges of improving targeted therapies is to overcome bypassing signaling pathways. Analysis of RNA-seq data of 1006 cell lines from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) revealed that more than 12% of carcinoma cell lines expressed markedly elevated mRNA levels of colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1 receptor (CSF-1R). Since epithelial cells also express CSF-1, elevated levels of CSF-1R may participate in providing alternative growth and survival signals under targeted therapies. To address this question, we ectopically expressed CSF-1R in A431 cells that express EGFR at high levels, but no biologically relevant level of CSF-1R. In the presence of EGFR inhibitor gefitinib, CSF-1R provided a significant growth advantage in A431 cells. As expected, activation of both receptors, EGFR or CSF-1R, induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)1/2, Akt, protein kinase C (PKC) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3. However, EGFR, but not CSF-1R, also induced STAT5 phosphorylation. Inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) (AZD8186), MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK)1/2 (U0126), PKCs (Bisindolylmaleimide I or Gö6976) or STAT3 (Stattic) partially reduced proliferation of CSF-1R expressing A431 cells in the presence of gefitinib. Moreover, multi-kinase inhibitor, cabozantinib, suppressed CSF-1R activation and drastically reduced cell growth when combined with gefitinib. These data suggest that CSF-1R has the potential to reduce sensitivity to gefitinib and may be involved in resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Ellen Niehus
- Institut fuer Zellbiochemie, OE4310, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Doan Duy Hai Tran
- Institut fuer Zellbiochemie, OE4310, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Michaela Mischak
- Institut fuer Zellbiochemie, OE4310, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Koch
- Institut fuer Zellbiochemie, OE4310, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
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16
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Lyukmanova EN, Bychkov ML, Sharonov GV, Efremenko AV, Shulepko MA, Kulbatskii DS, Shenkarev ZO, Feofanov AV, Dolgikh DA, Kirpichnikov MP. Human secreted proteins SLURP-1 and SLURP-2 control the growth of epithelial cancer cells via interactions with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1973-1986. [PMID: 29505672 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are a promising target for development of new anticancer therapies. Here we have investigated the effects of the endogenous human proteins SLURP-1 and SLURP-2, antagonists of nAChRs, on human epithelial cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Growth of epithelial cancer cells (A431, SKBR3, MCF-7, A549, HT-29) exposed to SLURP-1, SLURP-2, mecamylamine, atropine, timolol and gefitinib was measured by the WST-1 test. Expression levels of SLURP-1, α7-nAChR and EGF receptors and their distribution in cancer cells were studied by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Secretion of endogenous SLURP-1 by A431 cells under treatment with recombinant SLURP-1 was analysed by Western-blotting. KEY RESULTS SLURP-1 and SLURP-2 significantly inhibited growth of A431, SKBR3, MCF-7 and HT-29 cells at concentrations above 1 nM, to 40-70% of the control, in 24 h. Proliferation of A549 cells was inhibited only by SLURP-1. The anti-proliferative activity of SLURPs on A431 cells was associated with nAChRs, but not with β-adrenoceptors or EGF receptors. Action of gefitinib and SLURPs was additive and resulted almost complete inhibition of A431 cell proliferation during 24 h. Exposure of A431 cells to recombinant SLURP-1 down-regulated α7-nAChR expression and induced secretion of endogenous SLURP-1 from intracellular depots, increasing its concentration in the extracellular media. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS SLURPs inhibit growth of epithelial cancer cells in vitro and merit further investigation as potential agents for anticancer therapy. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Lyukmanova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - M L Bychkov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - G V Sharonov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A V Efremenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M A Shulepko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - D S Kulbatskii
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Z O Shenkarev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - A V Feofanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - D A Dolgikh
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M P Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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17
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Conway JRW, Vennin C, Cazet AS, Herrmann D, Murphy KJ, Warren SC, Wullkopf L, Boulghourjian A, Zaratzian A, Da Silva AM, Pajic M, Morton JP, Cox TR, Timpson P. Three-dimensional organotypic matrices from alternative collagen sources as pre-clinical models for cell biology. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16887. [PMID: 29203823 PMCID: PMC5715059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organotypic co-cultures bridge the gap between standard two-dimensional culture and mouse models. Such assays increase the fidelity of pre-clinical studies, to better inform lead compound development and address the increasing attrition rates of lead compounds within the pharmaceutical industry, which are often a result of screening in less faithful two-dimensional models. Using large-scale acid-extraction techniques, we demonstrate a step-by-step process to isolate collagen I from commercially available animal byproducts. Using the well-established rat tail tendon collagen as a benchmark, we apply our novel kangaroo tail tendon collagen as an alternative collagen source for our screening-ready three-dimensional organotypic co-culture platform. Both collagen sources showed equal applicability for invasive, proliferative or survival assessment of well-established cancer models and clinically relevant patient-derived cancer cell lines. Additional readouts were also demonstrated when comparing these alternative collagen sources for stromal contributions to stiffness, organization and ultrastructure via atomic force microscopy, second harmonic generation imaging and scanning electron microscopy, among other vital biological readouts, where only minor differences were found between the preparations. Organotypic co-cultures represent an easy, affordable and scalable model to investigate drug responses within a physiologically relevant 3D platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R W Conway
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Claire Vennin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Aurélie S Cazet
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Kendelle J Murphy
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sean C Warren
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Lena Wullkopf
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Alice Boulghourjian
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Anaiis Zaratzian
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew M Da Silva
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Beatson Institute of Cancer Research, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Thomas R Cox
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
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18
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Huang CY, Ju DT, Chang CF, Muralidhar Reddy P, Velmurugan BK. A review on the effects of current chemotherapy drugs and natural agents in treating non-small cell lung cancer. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2017; 7:23. [PMID: 29130448 PMCID: PMC5682982 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2017070423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and this makes it an attractive disease to review and possibly improve therapeutic treatment options. Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted treatments, and immunotherapy separate or in combination are commonly used to treat lung cancer. However, these treatment types may cause different side effects, and chemotherapy-based regimens appear to have reached a therapeutic plateau. Hence, effective, better-tolerated treatments are needed to address and hopefully overcome this conundrum. Recent advances have enabled biologists to better investigate the potential use of natural compounds for the treatment or control of various cancerous diseases. For the past 30 years, natural compounds have been the pillar of chemotherapy. However, only a few compounds have been tested in cancerous patients and only partial evidence is available regarding their clinical effectiveness. Herein, we review the research on using current chemotherapy drugs and natural compounds (Wortmannin and Roscovitine, Cordyceps militaris, Resveratrol, OSU03013, Myricetin, Berberine, Antroquinonol) and the beneficial effects they have on various types of cancers including non-small cell lung cancer. Based on this literature review, we propose the use of these compounds along with chemotherapy drugs in patients with advanced and/or refractory solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Department of Biological Science and Technology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tong Ju
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Fen Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Armed Forces Taichung General Hospital, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - P Muralidhar Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Nizam College, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500001, India
| | - Bharath Kumar Velmurugan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Tan Phong Ward, District 7, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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19
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Taylor NJ, Emer E, Preshlock S, Schedler M, Tredwell M, Verhoog S, Mercier J, Genicot C, Gouverneur V. Derisking the Cu-Mediated 18F-Fluorination of Heterocyclic Positron Emission Tomography Radioligands. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8267-8276. [PMID: 28548849 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecules labeled with fluorine-18 (18F) are used in positron emission tomography to visualize, characterize and measure biological processes in the body. Despite recent advances in the incorporation of 18F onto arenes, the development of general and efficient approaches to label radioligands necessary for drug discovery programs remains a significant task. This full account describes a derisking approach toward the radiosynthesis of heterocyclic positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands using the copper-mediated 18F-fluorination of aryl boron reagents with 18F-fluoride as a model reaction. This approach is based on a study examining how the presence of heterocycles commonly used in drug development affects the efficiency of 18F-fluorination for a representative aryl boron reagent, and on the labeling of more than 50 (hetero)aryl boronic esters. This set of data allows for the application of this derisking strategy to the successful radiosynthesis of seven structurally complex pharmaceutically relevant heterocycle-containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Taylor
- University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Enrico Emer
- University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Sean Preshlock
- University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Michael Schedler
- University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Stefan Verhoog
- University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Joel Mercier
- UCB Biopharma SPRL , 1420 Braine-L'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Véronique Gouverneur
- University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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20
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Alanazi IO, Khan Z. Understanding EGFR Signaling in Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Stem Cells: Overexpression and Therapeutic Implications. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 17:445-53. [PMID: 26925626 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.2.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs/HERs) and downstream signaling pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignancies including breast cancer and its resistance to treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs. Consequently, several monoclonal antibodies as well as small molecule inhibitors targeting these pathways have emerged as therapeutic tools in the recent past. However, studies have shown that utilizing these molecules in combination with chemotherapy has yielded only limited success. This review describes the current understanding of EGFRs/HERs and associated signaling pathways in relation to development of breast cancer and responses to various cancer treatments in the hope of pointing to improved prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Also, we review the role of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) in disease and the potential to target these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim O Alanazi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Genome Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia E-mail :
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21
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Puranik N, Srivastava P. First synthesis of rugosaflavonoid and its derivatives and their activity against breast cancer. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04971d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligand interaction of 6f with 1M17.
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22
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Girgert R, Emons G, Gründker C. 17β-estradiol-induced growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells is prevented by the reduction of GPER expression after treatment with gefitinib. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:1212-1218. [PMID: 27959426 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are neither susceptible to endocrine therapy due to a lack of estrogen receptor α expression nor trastuzumab. TNBCs frequently overexpress epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and membrane bound estrogen receptor, GPER. To a certain extent the growth of TNBCs is stimulated by 17β-estradiol via GPER. We analyzed whether inhibition of EGFR by gefitinib reduces the expression of GPER and subsequent signal transduction in TNBC cells. Dependence of proliferation on 17β-estradiol was determined using Alamar Blue assay. Expression of GPR30 and activation of c-src, EGFR and cAMP-responsive element binding (CREB) protein by 17β-estradiol was analyzed by western blotting. Expression of c-fos, cyclin D1 and aromatase was determined using RT-PCR. Gefitinib reduced GPER expression concentration‑ and time‑dependently. In HCC70 cells, GPER expression was reduced to 15±11% (p<0.05) after treatment with 200 nM gefitinib for four days, and in HCC1806 cells GPER expression was reduced to 39±5% (p<0.01) of the control. 17β-estradiol significantly increased the percentage of HCC1806 cells within 7 days to 145±29% of the control (HCC70, 110±8%). This increase in cell growth was completely prevented in both TNBC cell lines after GPR30 expression was downregulated by treatment with 200 nM gefitinib. In HCC1806 cells, activation of c-src was increased by 17β-estradiol to 350±50% (p<0.01), and gefitinib reduced src activation to 110%. Similar results were obtained in the HCC70 cells. Phosphorylation of EGFR increased to 240±40% (p<0.05) in the HCC1806 cells treated with 17β-estradiol (HCC70, 147±25%). Gefitinib completely prevented this activation. Phosphorylation of CREB and induction of c-fos, cyclin D1 and aromatase expression by 17β-estradiol were all prevented by gefitinib. These experiments conclusively show that reduction of GPER expression is a promising therapeutic approach for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Girgert
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Günter Emons
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Gründker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
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23
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Blood vessel endothelium-directed tumor cell streaming in breast tumors requires the HGF/C-Met signaling pathway. Oncogene 2016; 36:2680-2692. [PMID: 27893712 PMCID: PMC5426963 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
During metastasis to distant sites, tumor cells migrate to blood vessels. In vivo, breast tumor cells utilize a specialized mode of migration known as streaming, where a linear assembly of tumor cells migrate directionally towards blood vessels on fibronectin-collagen I-containing extracellular matrix (ECM) fibers in response to chemotactic signals. We have successfully reconstructed tumor cell streaming in vitro by co-plating tumors cells, macrophages and endothelial cells on 2.5 μm thick ECM-coated micro-patterned substrates. We found that tumor cells and macrophages, when plated together on the micro-patterned substrates, do not demonstrate sustained directional migration in only one direction (sustained directionality) but show random bi-directional walking. Sustained directionality of tumor cells as seen in vivo was established in vitro when beads coated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells were placed at one end of the micro-patterned 'ECM fibers' within the assay. We demonstrated that these endothelial cells supply the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) required for the chemotactic gradient responsible for sustained directionality. Using this in vitro reconstituted streaming system, we found that directional streaming is dependent on, and most effectively blocked, by inhibiting the HGF/C-Met signaling pathway between endothelial cells and tumor cells. Key observations made with the in vitro reconstituted system implicating C-Met signaling were confirmed in vivo in mammary tumors using the in vivo invasion assay and intravital multiphoton imaging of tumor cell streaming. These results establish HGF/C-Met as a central organizing signal in blood vessel-directed tumor cell migration in vivo and highlight a promising role for C-Met inhibitors in blocking tumor cell streaming and metastasis in vivo, and for use in human trials.
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24
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Nishimura Y, Ezawa R, Ishii J, Ogino C, Kondo A. Affibody-displaying bio-nanocapsules effective in EGFR, typical biomarker, expressed in various cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 27:336-341. [PMID: 27908760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) across a wide range of tumor cells has attracted attention for use as a tumor marker in drug delivery systems. Therefore, binding molecules with the ability to target EGFR have been developed. Among them, we focused on affibodies that are binding proteins derived from staphylococcal protein A. By displaying affibody (ZEGFR) binding to EGFR on the surface of a bio-nanocapsule (BNC) derived from a hepatitis B virus (HBV), we developed an altered BNC (ZEGFR-BNC) with a high specificity to EGFR-expressing cells. We considered two different types of ZEGFR (Z955 and Z1907), and found that the Z1907 dimer-displaying BNC ([Z1907]2-BNC) could effectively bind to EGFR-expressing cells and deliver drugs to the cytosol. Since this study showed that [Z1907]2-BNC could target EGFR-expressing cells, we would use this particle as a drug delivery carrier for various cancer cells expressing EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Nishimura
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Ezawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Japan.
| | - Jun Ishii
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Japan; Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Japan.
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Toyama K, Mizuguchi T, Nomura W, Tamamura H. Functional evaluation of fluorescein-labeled derivatives of a peptide inhibitor of the EGF receptor dimerization. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3406-12. [PMID: 27283787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A cyclic decapeptide (1, ), which acts on the extracellular region of the EGF receptor, preventing it from dimerizing, has been developed. Peptide 2, which was labeled with fluorescein at the N-terminus of peptide 1, was synthesized based on structure-activity relationship studies. Peptide 2 essentially retained the inhibitory activity of peptide 1 against the receptor autophosphorylation. Confocal microscopy studies revealed that in carcinoma cells, the fluorescence of peptide 2 was localized inside some vesicles. Treatment of intact cells by peptide 1 in combination with peptide 2 decreased the fluorescence intensity significantly compared to treatment with only peptide 2. These results indicate that peptide 2 competes with peptide 1 for binding to the cellular surface. Six derivatives of peptide 2, in which constituent amino acids, with the exception of two cysteines and proline were randomized, were synthesized and used to treat the cells. Peptides 6 and 9 showed the highest fluorescence intensity in cells. From the results of the EGF receptor autophosphorylation assay, these two derivatives were proven to have higher inhibitory activity than peptide 2, which would therefore be a useful delivery peptide and fluorescent probe to find new inhibitors against the EGF receptor. Peptides 6 and 9 are promising leads for EGF receptor inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Toyama
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mizuguchi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Wataru Nomura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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26
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Martínez-Ramírez AS, Garay E, García-Carrancá A, Vázquez-Cuevas FG. The P2RY2 Receptor Induces Carcinoma Cell Migration and EMT Through Cross-Talk With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:1016-26. [PMID: 26443721 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides are signaling elements present in the tumor microenvironment; however, their role in tumor growth is not completely understood. In the present study, we asked whether nucleotides regulate cell migration in ovarian carcinoma-derived cells. We observed that 100 μM UTP induced migration in SKOV-3 cells (1.57 ± 0.08 fold over basal), and RT-PCR showed expression of transcripts for the P2RY2 and P2RY4 receptors. Knockdown of P2RY2 expression in SKOV-3 cells (P2RY2-KD) abolished the UTP-induced migration. The mechanism activated by UTP to induce migration involves transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) since we observed that the EGFR kinase inhibitor AG1478 and the PI3K inhibitor Wortmannin inhibit this response (to 0.76 ± 0.23 and 0.46 ± 0.14 relative to the control, respectively). In agreement with these observations, UTP was able to modify the phosphorylation state of the EGFR; likewise, the induction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation promoted by UTP was abolished by a 30-60 min treatment with AG1478. Our data also suggested that the enhanced cell migration involves the epithelium to mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, since a 12 h stimulation of SKOV-3 cells with 100 μM UTP showed an increase in vimentin and SNAIL protein levels (459.8 ± 132.4% over basal for SNAIL). Interestingly, treatment with apyrase (10 U/mL) reduces the migration of control cells and induces a considerable enrichment of E-cadherin in the cell-cell contacts, favoring an epithelial phenotype and strongly suggesting that the nucleotides released by tumor cells and acting through the P2RY2 receptor are potential regulators of invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Martínez-Ramírez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla Querétaro, CP 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - E Garay
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla Querétaro, CP 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - A García-Carrancá
- Laboratorio de Virus y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. San Fernando #22, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Mexico.,División de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, México. Av. San Fernando #22, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Mexico
| | - F G Vázquez-Cuevas
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla Querétaro, CP 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
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27
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Leto SM, Sassi F, Catalano I, Torri V, Migliardi G, Zanella ER, Throsby M, Bertotti A, Trusolino L. Sustained Inhibition of HER3 and EGFR Is Necessary to Induce Regression of HER2-Amplified Gastrointestinal Carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:5519-31. [PMID: 26296355 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-3066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical studies in HER2-amplified gastrointestinal cancer models have shown that cotargeting HER2 with a monoclonal antibody and a small molecule is superior to monotherapy with either inhibitor, but the underlying cooperative mechanisms remain unexplored. We investigated the molecular underpinnings of this synergy to identify key vulnerabilities susceptible to alternative therapeutic opportunities. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The phosphorylation/activation of HER2, HER3, EGFR (HER receptors), and downstream transducers was evaluated in HER2-overexpressing colorectal and gastric cancer cell lines by Western blotting and/or multiplex phosphoproteomics. The in vivo outcome of antibody-mediated HER2 blockade by trastuzumab, reversible HER2 inhibition by lapatinib, and irreversible HER2 inhibition by afatinib was assessed in patient-derived tumorgrafts and cell-line xenografts by monitoring tumor growth curves and by using antibody-based proximity assays. RESULTS Trastuzumab monotherapy reduced HER3 phosphorylation, with minor consequences on downstream transducers. Lapatinib alone acutely inhibited all HER receptors and effectors but led to delayed rephosphorylation of HER3 and EGFR and partial restoration of ERK and AKT activity. When combined with lapatinib, trastuzumab prevented HER3/EGFR reactivation and caused prolonged inhibition of ERK/AKT. Afatinib alone was also very effective in counteracting the reinstatement of HER3, EGFR, and downstream signaling activation. In vivo, the combination of trastuzumab and lapatinib-or, importantly, monotherapy with afatinib-resulted in overt tumor shrinkage. CONCLUSIONS Only prolonged inhibition of HER3 and EGFR, achievable by dual blockade with trastuzumab and lapatinib or irreversible HER2 inhibition by single-agent afatinib, led to regression of HER2-amplified gastrointestinal carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res; 21(24); 5519-31. ©2015 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta M Leto
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy. Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Sassi
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Irene Catalano
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy. Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Valter Torri
- Laboratory of Methodology for Biomedical Research, Oncology Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Migliardi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy. Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Eugenia R Zanella
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy. Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Bertotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy. Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO IRCCS, Turin, Italy. Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, INBB, Rome, Italy.
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy. Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO IRCCS, Turin, Italy.
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Yi YW, You K, Bae EJ, Kwak SJ, Seong YS, Bae I. Dual inhibition of EGFR and MET induces synthetic lethality in triple-negative breast cancer cells through downregulation of ribosomal protein S6. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:122-32. [PMID: 25955731 PMCID: PMC4735702 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibits innate resistance to the EGFR inhibition despite high level expression of EGFR. Recently, we found that the proliferation of basal-like (BL) subtype TNBC cells is synergistically inhibited by combination of EGFR and PI3K/AKT inhibitors. On the contrary, TNBC cells of mesenchymal stem-like (MSL) subtype are resistant to these combinations. To identify potential synthetic lethal interaction of compounds for treatment of MSL subtype TNBC cells, we performed MTT screening of MDA-MB-231 cells with a small library of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) in the presence of gefitinib, an EGFR inhibitor. We identified MET inhibitors as potent RTKIs that caused synthetic lethality in combination with gefitinib in MDA-MB-231 cells. We demonstrated that combination of a MET inhibitor SU11274 with various EGFR inhibitors resulted in synergistic suppression of cell viability (in MTT assay) and cell survival (in colony formation assay) of MSL subtype TNBC cells. We further demonstrated that SU11274 alone induced G2 arrest and gefitinib/SU11274 combination sustained the SU11274-induced G2 arrest in these cells. In addition, SU11274/gefitinib combination synergistically reduced the level of ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) in MSL subtype TNBC cells. In addition, knockdown of RPS6 itself, in both HS578T and MDA-MB-231, markedly reduced the proliferation of these cells. Taken together, our data suggest that dual targeting of EGFR and MET inhibits the proliferation of MSL subtype TNBC cells through down-regulation of RPS6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusic You
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Edward Jeong Bae
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sahng-June Kwak
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Insoo Bae
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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29
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The cranberry flavonoids PAC DP-9 and quercetin aglycone induce cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest and increase cisplatin sensitivity in ovarian cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1924-34. [PMID: 25776829 PMCID: PMC4383025 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranberry flavonoids (flavonols and flavan-3-ols), in addition to their antioxidant properties, have been shown to possess potential in vitro activity against several cancers. However, the difficulty of isolating cranberry compounds has largely limited anticancer research to crude fractions without well-defined compound composition. In this study, individual cranberry flavonoids were isolated to the highest purity achieved so far using gravity and high performance column chromatography and LC-MS characterization. MTS assay indicated differential cell viability reduction of SKOV-3 and OVCAR-8 ovarian cancer cells treated with individual cranberry flavonoids. Treatment with quercetin aglycone and PAC DP-9, which exhibited the strongest activity, induced apoptosis, led to caspase-3 activation and PARP deactivation, and increased sensitivity to cisplatin. Furthermore, immunofluorescence microscopy and western blot study revealed reduced expression and activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in PAC DP-9 treated SKOV-3 cells. In addition, quercetin aglycone and PAC DP-9 deactivated MAPK-ERK pathway, induced downregulation of cyclin D1, DNA-PK, phosphohistone H3 and upregulation of p21, and arrested cell cycle progression. Overall, this study demonstrates promising in vitro cytotoxic and anti-proliferative properties of two newly characterized cranberry flavonoids, quercetin aglycone and PAC DP-9, against ovarian cancer cells.
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Antibacterial and EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitory activities of polyhydroxylated xanthones from Garcinia succifolia. Molecules 2014; 19:19923-34. [PMID: 25460314 PMCID: PMC6271254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191219923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the methanol extract of the wood of Garcinia succifolia Kurz (Clusiaceae) led to the isolation of 1,5-dihydroxyxanthone (1), 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone (2), 1,3,7-trihydroxyxanthone (3), 1,5,6-trihydroxyxanthone (4), 1,6,7-trihydroxyxanthone (5), and 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone (6). All of the isolated xanthones were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against bacterial reference strains, two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATTC 25923, Bacillus subtillis ATCC 6633) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853), and environmental drug-resistant isolates (S. aureus B1, Enteroccoccus faecalis W1, and E. coli G1), as well as for their epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) of tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity. Only 1,5,6-trihydroxy-(4), 1,6,7-trihydroxy-(5), and 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthones (6) exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, however none was active against vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis. Additionally, 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone (2) showed synergism with oxacillin, but not with ampicillin. On the other hand, only 1,5-dihydroxyxanthone (1) and 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone (2) were found to exhibit the EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 90.34 and 223 nM, respectively.
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31
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Plakophilin-2 promotes tumor development by enhancing ligand-dependent and -independent epidermal growth factor receptor dimerization and activation. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3843-54. [PMID: 25113560 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00758-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in tumor development and invasion. Dimerization and autophosphorylation of EGFR are the critical events for EGFR activation. However, the regulation of EGF-dependent and EGF-independent dimerization and phosphorylation of EGFR has not been fully understood. Here, we report that cytoplasmic protein plakophilin-2 (PKP2) is a novel positive regulator of EGFR signaling. PKP2 specifically interacts with EGFR via its N-terminal head domain. Increased PKP2 expression enhances EGF-dependent and EGF-independent EGFR dimerization and phosphorylation. Moreover, PKP2 knockdown reduces EGFR phosphorylation and attenuates EGFR-mediated signal activation, resulting in a significant decrease in proliferation and migration of cancer cells and tumor development. Our results indicate that PKP2 is a novel activator of the EGFR signaling pathway and a potential new drug target for inhibiting tumor growth.
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Hussain HA, Harvey AJ. Evolution of breast cancer therapeutics: Breast tumour kinase’s role in breast cancer and hope for breast tumour kinase targeted therapy. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:299-310. [PMID: 25114846 PMCID: PMC4127602 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i3.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been significant improvements in the detection and treatment of breast cancer in recent decades. However, there is still a need to develop more effective therapeutic techniques that are patient specific with reduced toxicity leading to further increases in patients’ overall survival; the ongoing progress in understanding recurrence, resistant and spread also needs to be maintained. Better understanding of breast cancer pathology, molecular biology and progression as well as identification of some of the underlying factors involved in breast cancer tumourgenesis and metastasis has led to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Over a number of years interest has risen in breast tumour kinase (Brk) also known as protein tyrosine kinase 6; the research field has grown and Brk has been described as a desirable therapeutic target in relation to tyrosine kinase inhibition as well as disruption of its kinase independent activity. This review will outline the current “state of play” with respect to targeted therapy for breast cancer, as well as discussing Brk’s role in the processes underlying tumour development and metastasis and its potential as a therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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DRR regulates AKT activation to drive brain cancer invasion. Oncogene 2013; 33:4952-60. [PMID: 24141773 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and invasive adult brain cancer. The rapid invasion of cancer cells into the normal brain is a major cause of treatment failure, yet the mechanisms that regulate this process are poorly understood. We have identified a novel mechanism of brain cancer invasion. We show that downregulated in renal cell carcinoma (DRR), which is newly expressed in invasive gliomas, recruits AKT to focal adhesions. This DRR- induced pathological relocalization of AKT bypasses commonly altered upstream signaling events and leads to AKT activation and invasion. We also developed an oligonucleotide therapeutic that reduces DRR expression and prevents glioma invasion in an in vivo preclinical model of the disease. Our findings identify DRR as a novel GBM target and show that oligonucleotides targeting DRR is a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of DRR-positive GBMs.
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34
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Ramsey MR, Wilson C, Ory B, Rothenberg SM, Faquin W, Mills AA, Ellisen LW. FGFR2 signaling underlies p63 oncogenic function in squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3525-38. [PMID: 23867503 DOI: 10.1172/jci68899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic transcription factors drive many human cancers, yet identifying and therapeutically targeting the resulting deregulated pathways has proven difficult. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common and lethal human cancer, and relatively little progress has been made in improving outcomes for SCC due to a poor understanding of its underlying molecular pathogenesis. While SCCs typically lack somatic oncogene-activating mutations, they exhibit frequent overexpression of the p53-related transcription factor p63. We developed an in vivo murine tumor model to investigate the function and key transcriptional programs of p63 in SCC. Here, we show that established SCCs are exquisitely dependent on p63, as acute genetic ablation of p63 in advanced, invasive SCC induced rapid and dramatic apoptosis and tumor regression. In vivo genome-wide gene expression analysis identified a tumor-survival program involving p63-regulated FGFR2 signaling that was activated by ligand emanating from abundant tumor-associated stroma. Correspondingly, we demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of extinguishing this signaling axis in endogenous SCCs using the clinical FGFR2 inhibitor AZD4547. Collectively, these results reveal an unanticipated role for p63-driven paracrine FGFR2 signaling as an addicting pathway in human cancer and suggest a new approach for the treatment of SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Ramsey
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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35
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Yin Z, Liu N, Ma M, Wang L, Hao Y, Zhang X. A novel EGFR-targeted gene delivery system based on complexes self-assembled by EGF, DNA, and activated PAMAM dendrimers. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4625-35. [PMID: 22942644 PMCID: PMC3428245 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s30671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted gene delivery is a promising approach in gene therapy against EGFR-positive cancer. In addition, macromolecules, such as polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers, are potential nonviral gene carriers in this therapy because of their biocompatibility and modifiable features. To achieve the goal of selectively enhancing the transfection efficiency in EGFR-positive cancer cells, the researchers developed chemical approaches of EGF-dendrimer conjugate, which were effective but complicated. Studies on liposomes reveal that self-assembly is another effective but simpler approach in EGF modification. Moreover, properly activated PAMAM dendrimers exhibit higher transfection efficiency, but little research has been done on its ligand-modification. In this study, we developed and characterized a novel gene-delivery system based on activated EGF-dendriplexes, which is formed via self-assembly by EGF and complexes prepared by activated PAMAM dendrimer and plasmid DNA. Such complexes exhibit desired features compared to nonmodified or non-activated dendriplexes in vitro, including selective enhancement of transfection efficiency in EGFR-positive cells, decreased cytotoxicity, and low agonist effect. In vivo experimentation shows their EGFR-positive tumor targeted biodistribution and increased transfection efficiency at EGFR-positive tumors. Our results demonstrated that activated EGF-dendriplexes are safe and effective carriers for delivering gene drugs to EGFR-positive cells, which makes these complexes a promising targeted nonviral gene-delivery system for auxiliary cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yin
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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36
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Mizuguchi T, Ohara N, Iida M, Ninomiya R, Wada S, Kiso Y, Saito K, Akaji K. Evaluation of dimerization-inhibitory activities of cyclic peptides containing a β-hairpin loop sequence of the EGF receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:5730-7. [PMID: 22959765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships of cyclic peptides mimicking the β-hairpin structure of the 'dimerization arm' at residues 242-259 of the EGF receptor are examined. Cyclic peptides containing the arm head of the β-hairpin loop showed inhibitory activity toward the EGF receptor's dimerization. Cyclic peptides containing a Retro-Inverso sequence of the dimerization arm showed clear inhibitory effects on the dimerization in vitro and efficiently suppressed the proliferation of A431 cells, which abundantly express the EGF receptor on their surface. The effects at a specific hydrophobic site of the loop structure were expected to enhance the interactions with the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Mizuguchi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
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Wilken JA, Badri T, Cross S, Raji R, Santin AD, Schwartz P, Branscum AJ, Baron AT, Sakhitab AI, Maihle NJ. EGFR/HER-targeted therapeutics in ovarian cancer. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:447-69. [PMID: 22416774 PMCID: PMC4620931 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research and evolving treatment modalities, survival among patients with epithelial ovarian cancer has improved only incrementally. During this same period, the development of biologically targeted therapeutics has improved survival for patients with diverse malignancies. Many of these new drugs target the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/HER/ErbB) family of tyrosine kinases, which play a major role in the etiology and progression of many carcinomas, including epithelial ovarian cancer. While several HER-targeted therapeutics are US FDA approved for the treatment of various malignancies, none have gained approval for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Here, we review the published literature on HER-targeted therapeutics for the treatment of ovarian cancer, including novel HER-targeted therapeutics in various stages of clinical development, as well as the challenges that have limited the use of these inhibitors in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Wilken
- Yale University, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
| | - Tayf Badri
- Yale University, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
| | - Sarah Cross
- Yale University, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
| | - Rhoda Raji
- Yale University, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
| | - Alessandro D Santin
- Yale University, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
| | - Peter Schwartz
- Yale University, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
| | - Adam J Branscum
- Oregon State University, School of Biological & Population Health Sciences
| | - Andre T Baron
- University of Kentucky, Departments of Epidemiology, & Obstetrics & Gynecology
| | - Adam I Sakhitab
- Yale University, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
| | - Nita J Maihle
- Yale University, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
- Yale University, Departments of Pathology & Pharmacology
- PO Box 208063, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Influence ABCG2 Expression in EGFR-Positive MDCK BCRP Cells via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:650-62. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Luo G, Long J, Qiu L, Liu C, Xu J, Yu X. Role of epidermal growth factor receptor expression on patient survival in pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis. Pancreatology 2012; 11:595-600. [PMID: 22261712 DOI: 10.1159/000334465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been considered as an attractive and potential therapeutic target of pancreatic cancer. However, the clinical importance of EGFR expression remains controversial. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of previous studies to quantitatively review the effects of EGFR expression on survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. RESULTS Eight studies (570 patients) were included to perform a meta-analysis of the survival results. Overall, positivity for EGFR expression was 45.1% in pancreatic carcinoma. The combined hazard ratio was 1.225 (95% CI 1.014-1.481; p = 0.035), indicating that EGFR expression has a significant impact on survival. Heterogeneity was absent between studies and publication bias, which suggests that the summary statistics obtained may approximate the actual average. Three trials reported a survival disadvantage for patients with EGFR expression while five trials reported no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION EGFR expression is a poor prognostic factor for survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. and IAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopei Luo
- Departments of Pancreas and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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DEGUCHI S, MATSUI TS, KOMATSU D, SATO M. Contraction of Stress Fibers Extracted from Smooth Muscle Cells: Effects of Varying Ionic Strength. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1299/jbse.7.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji DEGUCHI
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Tohoku University
| | | | - Daiki KOMATSU
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Tohoku University
| | - Masaaki SATO
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Tohoku University
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University
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Huang WC, Chen YJ, Li LY, Wei YL, Hsu SC, Tsai SL, Chiu PC, Huang WP, Wang YN, Chen CH, Chang WC, Chang WC, Chen AJE, Tsai CH, Hung MC. Nuclear translocation of epidermal growth factor receptor by Akt-dependent phosphorylation enhances breast cancer-resistant protein expression in gefitinib-resistant cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:20558-68. [PMID: 21487020 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.240796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), an aberrantly overexpressed or activated receptor-tyrosine kinase in many cancers, plays a pivotal role in cancer progression and has been an attractive target for cancer therapy. Gefitinib and erlotinib, two EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, have been approved for non-small cell lung cancer. However, durable clinical efficacy of these EGFR inhibitors is severely limited by the emergence of acquired resistance. For example, the expression of breast cancer-resistant protein (BCRP/ABCG2) has been shown to confer acquired resistance of wild-type EGFR (wtEGFR)-expressing cancer cells to gefitinib. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. Here, we show that wtEGFR expression is elevated in the nucleus of acquired gefitinib-resistant cancer cells. Moreover, nuclear translocation of EGFR requires phosphorylation at Ser-229 by Akt. In the nucleus, EGFR then targets the proximal promoter of BCRP/ABCG2 and thereby enhances its gene transcription. The nuclear EGFR-mediated BCRP/ABCG2 expression may contribute at least in part to the acquired resistance of wtEGFR-expressing cancer cells to gefitinib. Our findings shed light on the role of nuclear EGFR in the sensitivity of wtEGFR-expressing cancer cells to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and also deciphered a putative molecular mechanism contributing to gefitinib resistance through BCRP/ABCG2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chien Huang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Berz D, Wanebo H. Targeting the growth factors and angiogenesis pathways: Small molecules in solid tumors. J Surg Oncol 2011; 103:574-86. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.21776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Shi Y, Chen L, Li J, Lv YL, Sun Q, Wang LX, Jiao SC. Prognostic and predictive values of pERK1/2 and pAkt-1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Tumour Biol 2010; 32:381-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-010-0131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Landgraf R. ERBB3: Multifunctional enabler or primary actor in pancreatic cancer? Cancer Biol Ther 2010; 10:564-6. [PMID: 20676043 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.10.6.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Landgraf
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
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Lin SX, Chen J, Mazumdar M, Poirier D, Wang C, Azzi A, Zhou M. Molecular therapy of breast cancer: progress and future directions. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2010; 6:485-93. [PMID: 20644568 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2010.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major cause of death in Western women, with a 10% lifetime risk of the disease. Most breast cancers are estrogen-dependent. Molecular therapies for breast cancer have developed rapidly in the past few decades and future treatment strategies are being investigated. The selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator tamoxifen, which until now has served as a standard therapy, functions not only as an estrogen antagonist but also as an estrogen agonist in terms of bone maintenance. Aromatase inhibitors have performed well in international trials and have become a new standard therapy for estrogen-dependent breast cancer. The systematic study of estrogen activation pathways suggests that the enzymes steroid sulfatase and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, which both have pivotal roles in estrogen biosynthesis, are promising targets; the results of a phase I trial of steroid sulfatase inhibitors are encouraging. The activity of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) pathway correlates negatively with that of the ER. HER2 is overexpressed in 22% of all breast cancers. In the decade since HER2 began being targeted, the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab has been used as well as pertuzumab and HER2 vaccines. Among the estrogen-independent breast cancers, the basal-like subtype has low survival, and therapeutic improvement is a priority. Crosstalk between ER and HER2 signaling pathways means that combinatory therapies may hold the key to enhancement of treatment responses. Other molecular therapies involving functional genomics and RNA interference studies also hold promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Xiang Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, CHUL (CHUQ) Research Center and Laval University, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Fusion protein based on Grb2-SH2 domain for cancer therapy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 399:262-7. [PMID: 20655296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the very attractive targets for cancer therapy. In this study, we generated fusion proteins containing one or two Src-homology 2 (SH2) domains of growth factor receptor bound protein 2 (Grb2), which bind to phosphorylated EGFR, added with HIV-1 transactivating transcription for cell membrane penetration (termed TSF and TSSF, respectively). We examined if they can interfere Grb2-mediated signaling pathway and suppress tumor growth as expected from the lack of SH3 domain, which is necessary to intermediate EGFR-Grb2 cell signaling, in the fusion proteins. The transduction efficiency of TSSF was similar to that of TSF, but the binding activity of TSSF to EGFR was higher than that of TSF. Treatment of EGFR-overexpressing cells showed that TSSF decreased p42-ERK phosphorylation, while TSF did not. Both the proteins delayed cell growth but did not induce cell death in culture. TSSF also significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo under consecutive administration. In conclusion, TSSF showed an ability to inhibit EGFR-Grb2 signaling and could have a potential to treat EGFR-activated cancer.
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Owens TW, Foster FM, Tanianis-Hughes J, Cheung JY, Brackenbury L, Streuli CH. Analysis of inhibitor of apoptosis protein family expression during mammary gland development. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2010; 10:71. [PMID: 20584313 PMCID: PMC2905336 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-10-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Inhibitors-of-Apoptosis-Proteins (IAPs) are an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins capable of regulating several facets of apoptosis. IAPs are frequently dysregulated in cancer, but their role in the regulation of apoptosis during developmental processes is not fully understood. Here we examined the expression of IAPs during the post-natal development of the mouse mammary gland, which is a tissue that exhibits a profound induction of apoptosis during involution. Results Six out of eight mammalian IAP family members are expressed in the mammary gland. Notably, quantitative PCR and immunoblotting revealed that XIAP, c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 are down-regulated in pregnancy and lactation, and prior to the onset of involution. In cultured mammary epithelial cells (MECs), XIAP levels decreased in response to inhibition of growth factor signalling. Maintaining XIAP levels in MECs by expressing exogenous XIAP protected them from all apoptotic stimuli tested. Conclusions These data suggest that the developmental regulation of IAP expression in vivo contributes to naturally occurring programmes of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Owens
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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Gutteridge E, Agrawal A, Nicholson R, Cheung KL, Robertson J, Gee J. The effects of gefitinib in tamoxifen-resistant and hormone-insensitive breast cancer: a phase II study. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:1806-1816. [PMID: 19739079 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive acquired tamoxifen-resistant (TAM-R) MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines exhibit epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression/signaling and are growth-inhibited by gefitinib (IRESSA). We examined the effect of gefitinib on ER-positive TAM-R and ER-negative hormone-insensitive breast cancer in a Phase II study. Fifty-four patients with breast cancer [ER-positive/acquired TAM-R (n = 28); ER-negative (n = 26)] received oral gefitinib 500 mg/day. Tumor biopsies were taken pre- (n = 28) and 8 weeks post-treatment (n = 14 matched samples). Gefitinib was well tolerated and the clinical benefit rate (objective response or stable disease >24 weeks) was 33.3% overall (n = 18/54), and 53.6 and 11.5% in ER-positive/TAM-R and ER-negative patients, respectively. Pretreatment ER and progesterone receptor-positivity were associated with response (p < 0.001 and 0.016, respectively) and longer progression-free survival (PFS; p= 0.001 and 0.013, respectively). All patients expressed EGFR, but high pretreatment levels predicted poorer outcome (p = 0.005) and shorter PFS (p = 0.012) with gefitinib. In patients with clinical benefit, reduced Ki67 staining during treatment (p = 0.024) was commonly observed, and those with >10% decline in EGFR phosphorylation demonstrated parallel decreases in ERK1/2 MAPK phosphorylation. Acquired tamoxifen resistance appears in part mediated through EGFR signaling and can be blocked with gefitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Gutteridge
- Professorial Unit of Surgery, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Professorial Unit of Surgery, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Nicholson
- Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kwok Leung Cheung
- Professorial Unit of Surgery, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - John Robertson
- Professorial Unit of Surgery, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Gee
- Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in cancer treatment: advances, challenges and opportunities. Anticancer Drugs 2009; 20:851-5. [PMID: 19826350 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3283330590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) system has been reported in a wide range of epithelial cancers. In some studies, this has also been associated with a poor prognosis and resistance to the conventional forms of therapies. These discoveries have led to the strategic development of several kinds of EGFR inhibitors, five of which have gained US Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (gefitinib and erlotinib), metastatic colorectal cancer (cetuximab and panitumumab), head and neck (cetuximab), pancreatic cancer (erlotinib) and breast (lapatinib) cancer. Despite these advances and recent studies on the predictive value of activating EGFR mutation and KRAS mutations with response in non-small-cell lung cancer and colon cancer patients, there is currently no reliable predictive marker for response to therapy with the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab or the small molecule EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib. In particular, there has been no clear association between the expression of EGFR, determined by the US Food and Drug Administration-approved EGFR PharmDX kit, and response to the EGFR inhibitors. Here, we discuss some of the controversial data and explanatory factors as well as future studies for the establishment of more reliable markers for response to therapy with EGFR inhibitors. Such investigations should lead to the selection of a more specific subpopulation of cancer patients who benefit from therapy with EGFR inhibitors, but equally to spare those who will receive no benefit or a detrimental effect from such biological agents.
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Gefitinib induces apoptosis and decreases telomerase activity in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:1351-60. [PMID: 19898796 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-2002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gefitinib is an anti-cancer drug that selectively inhibits epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase activity and induces apoptosis in many cancer cells. Cancer cells are often protected from apoptotic cell death by telomerase, however the gefitinib-induced telomerase inhibition remains unknown. Here we investigated the effects of gefitinib on telomerase activity in two different breast cancer lines, MCF-7 (low expression of EGFR) and MDA-MB-231 (high expression of EGFR). We observed the inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation that occurred only MDA-MB-231 cells cultured in media containing 10% FBS. Direct cytotoxicity was observed in MDA-MB-231 cells, but not MCF-7 cells when treated with concentrations of gefitinib ranging from 15 to 20 microM. This cytotoxicity was associated with decreased telomerase activity and downregulation of the telomerase subunit, hTERT. c-Myc has previously been shown to activate telomerase activity through transcriptional regulation of hTERT. A decrease in c-myc expression and DNA-binding activity following treatment with gefitinib was observed exclusively in MDA-MB-231 cells. We also demonstrated that gefitinib downregulates the activation of Akt and subsequent hTERT phosphorylation and translocation into the nucleus in MDA-MB-231 cells. These results indicate that gefitinib induces loss of telomerase activity through dephosphorylation of EGFR in MDA-MB-231 cells.
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