1
|
Fu WJ, Li WL, Zhang YX, Zhang JX, Li J. Quantum Chemical Studies of the Electronic Structures of Anti-tumor Agents: AuIIIL+ (L = Porphine, Tetraphenylporphyrin). COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
2
|
Okazaki Y, Sasaki K, Ito N, Tanaka H, Matsumoto KI, Hori M, Toyokuni S. Tetrachloroaurate (III)-induced oxidation increases non-thermal plasma-induced oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:17-27. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2026348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kanako Sasaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nanami Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Synthesis and cytotoxicity study of gold(III) porphyrin complexes and their derivative in breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
4
|
Dandash F, Leger DY, Diab-Assaf M, Sol V, Liagre B. Porphyrin/Chlorin Derivatives as Promising Molecules for Therapy of Colorectal Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:7268. [PMID: 34885849 PMCID: PMC8659284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. The demand for new therapeutic approaches has increased attention paid toward therapies with high targeting efficiency, improved selectivity and few side effects. Porphyrins are powerful molecules with exceptional properties and multifunctional uses, and their special affinity to cancer cells makes them the ligands par excellence for anticancer drugs. Porphyrin derivatives are used as the most important photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is a promising approach for anticancer treatment. Nevertheless, the lack of solubility and selectivity of the large majority of these macrocycles led to the development of different photosensitizer complexes. In addition, targeting agents or nanoparticles were used to increase the efficiency of these macrocycles for PDT applications. On the other hand, gold tetrapyrrolic macrocycles alone showed very interesting chemotherapeutic activity without PDT. In this review, we discuss the most important porphyrin derivatives, alone or associated with other drugs, which have been found effective against CRC, as we describe their modifications and developments through substitutions and delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Dandash
- Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut 21219, Lebanon; (F.D.); (M.D.-A.)
| | - David Y. Leger
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie et Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, 2 Rue du Dr Marcland, CEDEX, 87025 Limoges, France; (D.Y.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut 21219, Lebanon; (F.D.); (M.D.-A.)
| | - Vincent Sol
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie et Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, 2 Rue du Dr Marcland, CEDEX, 87025 Limoges, France; (D.Y.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Bertrand Liagre
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie et Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, 2 Rue du Dr Marcland, CEDEX, 87025 Limoges, France; (D.Y.L.); (V.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Radisavljević S, Scheurer A, Bockfeld D, Ćoćić D, Puchta R, Senft L, Pešić M, Damljanović I, Petrović B. New mononuclear gold(III) complexes: Synthesis, characterization, kinetic, mechanistic, DNA/BSA/HSA binding, DFT and molecular docking studies. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
6
|
Pouille CL, Jegou D, Dugardin C, Cudennec B, Ravallec R, Hance P, Rambaud C, Hilbert JL, Lucau-Danila A. Chicory root flour – A functional food with potential multiple health benefits evaluated in a mice model. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
7
|
Multifunctional Microparticles Incorporating Gold Compound Inhibit Human Lung Cancer Xenograft. Pharm Res 2020; 37:220. [PMID: 33051728 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gold porphyrin (AuP) is a complex that has been shown to be potent against various tumors. A biocompatible interpenetrating network (IPN) system comprised of polyethyleneglycol diacrylate (PEGdA) and chemically-modified gelatin has been shown to be an effective implantable drug depot to deliver AuP locally. Here we designed IPN microparticles complexed with AuP to facilitate intravenous administration and to diminish systemic toxicity. METHODS We have synthesized and optimized an IPN microparticle formulation complexed with AuP. Tumor cell cytotoxicity, antitumor activity, and survival rate in lung cancer bearing nude mice were analyzed. RESULTS IPN microparticles maintained AuP bioactivity against lung cancer cells (NCI-H460). In vivo study showed no observable systemic toxicity in nude mice bearing NCI-H460 xenografts after intravenous injection of 6 mg/kg AuP formulated with IPN microparticles. An anti-tumor activity level comparable to free AuP was maintained. Mice treated with 6 mg/kg AuP in IPN microparticles showed 100% survival rate while the survival rate of mice treated with free AuP was much less. Furthermore, microparticle-formulated AuP significantly reduced the intratumoral microvasculature when compared with the control. CONCLUSION AuP in IPN microparticles can reduce the systemic toxicity of AuP without compromising its antitumor activity. This work highlighted the potential application of AuP in IPN microparticles for anticancer chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Background:
Since the serendipitous discovery of the antitumor activity of cisplatin
there has been a continuous surge in studies aimed at the development of new cytotoxic
metal complexes. While the majority of these complexes have been designed to interact with
nuclear DNA, other targets for anticancer metallodrugs attract increasing interest. In cancer
cells the mitochondrial metabolism is deregulated. Impaired apoptosis, insensitivity to antigrowth
signals and unlimited proliferation have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. It
is therefore not surprising that mitochondria have emerged as a major target for cancer therapy.
Mitochondria-targeting agents are able to bypass resistance mechanisms and to (re-) activate
cell-death programs.
Methods:
Web-based literature searching tools such as SciFinder were used to search for reports
on cytotoxic metal complexes that are taken up by the mitochondria and interact with
mitochondrial DNA or mitochondrial proteins, disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential,
facilitate mitochondrial membrane permeabilization or activate mitochondria-dependent celldeath
signaling by unbalancing the cellular redox state. Included in the search were publications
investigating strategies to selectively accumulate metallodrugs in the mitochondria.
Results:
This review includes 241 references on antimitochondrial metal complexes, the use
of mitochondria-targeting carrier ligands and the formation of lipophilic cationic complexes.
Conclusion:
Recent developments in the design, cytotoxic potency, and mechanistic understanding
of antimitochondrial metal complexes, in particular of cyclometalated Au, Ru, Ir and
Pt complexes, Ru polypyridine complexes and Au-N-heterocyclic carbene and phosphine
complexes are summarized and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A Multifunctional Hydrogel Delivers Gold Compound and Inhibits Human Lung Cancer Xenograft. Pharm Res 2019; 36:61. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
10
|
Lam TL, Tong KC, Yang C, Kwong WL, Guan X, Li MD, Kar-Yan Lo V, Lai-Fung Chan S, Lee Phillips D, Lok CN, Che CM. Luminescent ruffled iridium(iii) porphyrin complexes containing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands: structures, spectroscopies and potent antitumor activities under dark and light irradiation conditions. Chem Sci 2018; 10:293-309. [PMID: 30746082 PMCID: PMC6335621 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02920b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A panel of iridium(iii) porphyrin complexes containing axial N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand(s) were synthesized and characterized. X-ray crystal structures of the bis-NHC complexes [IrIII(ttp)(IMe)2]+ (2a), [IrIII(oep)(BIMe)2]+ (2d), [IrIII(oep)(I i Pr)2]+ (2e) and [IrIII(F20tpp)(IMe)2]+ (2f) display ruffled porphyrin rings with mesocarbon displacements of 0.483-0.594 Å and long Ir-CNHC bonds of 2.100-2.152 Å. Variable-temperature 1H NMR analysis of 2a reveals that the macrocycle porphyrin ring inversion takes place in solution with an activation barrier of 40 ± 1 kJ mol-1. The UV-vis absorption spectra of IrIII(por)-NHC complexes display split Soret bands. TD-DFT calculations and resonance Raman experiments show that the higher-energy Soret band is derived from the 1MLCT dπ(Ir) → π*(por) transition. The near-infrared phosphorescence of IrIII(por)-NHC complexes from the porphyrin-based 3(π, π*) state features broad emission bands at 701-754 nm with low emission quantum yields and short lifetimes (Φ em < 0.01; τ < 4 μs). [IrIII(por)(IMe)2]+ complexes (por = ttp and oep) are efficient photosensitizers for 1O2 generation (Φ so = 0.64 and 0.88) and are catalytically active in the light-induced aerobic oxidation of secondary amines and arylboronic acid. The bis-NHC complexes exhibit potent dark cytotoxicity towards a panel of cancer cells with IC50 values at submicromolar levels. The cytotoxicity of these complexes could be further enhanced upon light irradiation with IC50 values as low as nanomolar levels in association with the light-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Bioimaging of [IrIII(oep)(IMe)2]+ (2c) treated cells indicates that this Ir complex mainly targets the endoplasmic reticulum. [IrIII(oep)(IMe)2]+ catalyzes the photoinduced generation of singlet oxygen and triggers protein oxidation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and the inhibition of angiogenesis. It also causes pronounced photoinduced inhibition of tumor growth in a mouse model of human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsz-Lung Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Ka-Chung Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China . .,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation , Shenzhen , China
| | - Wai-Lun Kwong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Xiangguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China . .,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation , Shenzhen , China
| | - Ming-De Li
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Vanessa Kar-Yan Lo
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Sharon Lai-Fung Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom , Hong Kong , China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Chun-Nam Lok
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China . .,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation , Shenzhen , China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yeo CI, Ooi KK, Tiekink ERT. Gold-Based Medicine: A Paradigm Shift in Anti-Cancer Therapy? Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061410. [PMID: 29891764 PMCID: PMC6100309 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new era of metal-based drugs started in the 1960s, heralded by the discovery of potent platinum-based complexes, commencing with cisplatin [(H₃N)₂PtCl₂], which are effective anti-cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. While clinical applications of gold-based drugs largely relate to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, attention has turned to the investigation of the efficacy of gold(I) and gold(III) compounds for anti-cancer applications. This review article provides an account of the latest research conducted during the last decade or so on the development of gold compounds and their potential activities against several cancers as well as a summary of possible mechanisms of action/biological targets. The promising activities and increasing knowledge of gold-based drug metabolism ensures that continued efforts will be made to develop gold-based anti-cancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien Ing Yeo
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University. No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Kah Kooi Ooi
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University. No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Edward R T Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University. No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liang JX, Zhong HJ, Yang G, Vellaisamy K, Ma DL, Leung CH. Recent development of transition metal complexes with in vivo antitumor activity. J Inorg Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
13
|
In vitro anticancer activity of new gold(III) porphyrin complexes in colon cancer cells. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 177:27-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
14
|
Iodinated chlorin p 6 copper complex induces anti-proliferative effect in oral cancer cells through elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 277:137-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
15
|
Pavic A, Glišić BĐ, Vojnovic S, Warżajtis B, Savić ND, Antić M, Radenković S, Janjić GV, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Rychlewska U, Djuran MI. Mononuclear gold(III) complexes with phenanthroline ligands as efficient inhibitors of angiogenesis: A comparative study with auranofin and sunitinib. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 174:156-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
16
|
Vastatin, an Endogenous Antiangiogenesis Polypeptide That Is Lost in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Effectively Inhibits Tumor Metastasis. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1358-68. [PMID: 26961408 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a hypervascular cancer without effective treatment. Here we report that polypeptide of NC1 domain of type VIII collagen (Vastatin) is an endogenous polypeptide expressed in normal liver tissue but lost in the liver of most HCC patients (73.1%). Its expression level is negatively associated with tumor size (P = 0.035) and metastasis (P = 0.016) in HCC patients. To evaluate its potential use as a therapeutic, we constructed a recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying Vastatin (rAAV-Vastatin) to treat HCC in an orthotopic Buffalo rat model. rAAV-Vastatin treatment significantly prolonged the median survival, inhibited tumor growth, and completely prevented metastasis in HCC-bearing rats by decreasing microvessel density and increasing tumor necrosis. No detectable toxicity in nontumor-bearing mice was observed. To investigate its molecular mechanisms, we performed DNA microarray, western blotting assays, and bioinformatic analysis to determine its effect on global gene expression patterns and signal transduction pathways. Our results indicated that rAAV-Vastatin significantly reduced the expressions of Pck1, JAG2, and c-Fos, thus inhibiting the cellular metabolism, Notch and AP-1 signaling pathways, respectively. Hence, we demonstrated for the first time that Vastatin is a novel, safe, and effective antiangiogenic therapeutic and a potential biomarker for HCC.
Collapse
|
17
|
Altaf M, Ahmad S, Kawde AN, Baig N, Alawad A, Altuwaijri S, Stoeckli-Evans H, Isab AA. Synthesis, structural characterization, electrochemical behavior and anticancer activity of gold(iii) complexes of meso-1,2-di(1-naphthyl)-1,2-diaminoethane and tetraphenylporphyrin. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00692b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold(iii) complexes were tested for in vitro antiproliferative activity against three human tumor cell lines. All complexes exhibited remarkable cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Altaf
- Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology (CENT)
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences and Humanities
- Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University
- Al-Kharj 11942
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel-Nasser Kawde
- Department of Chemistry
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Baig
- Department of Chemistry
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alawad
- National Center for Stem Cell Technology (NCSCT)
- Life Sciences and Environmental Research Institute
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)
- Riyadh 11442
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Altuwaijri
- Clinical Research Laboratory
- SAAD Research Development Center
- SAAD Specialist Hospital
- Al-Khobar 31952
- Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anvarhusein A. Isab
- Department of Chemistry
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Russo Krauss I, Messori L, Cinellu MA, Marasco D, Sirignano R, Merlino A. Interactions of gold-based drugs with proteins: the structure and stability of the adduct formed in the reaction between lysozyme and the cytotoxic gold(III) compound Auoxo3. Dalton Trans 2015; 43:17483-8. [PMID: 25340580 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02332c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The structure and stability of the adduct formed in the reaction between Auoxo3, a dinuclear gold(iii) compound, and the model protein hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) are investigated by X-ray crystallography, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD). It is found that Auoxo3 breaks down completely, undergoes reduction and produces reactive gold(i) species able to bind the protein and form stable derivatives. The behaviour of Auoxo3 is compared with that of two analogous gold(iii) complexes previously studied: a few significant differences are highlighted. The general implications of these new results for the mode of action of cytotoxic gold complexes are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Russo Krauss
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zou T, Lum CT, Lok CN, Zhang JJ, Che CM. Chemical biology of anticancer gold(iii) and gold(i) complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:8786-801. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00132c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer gold complexes, including their mechanisms of action and the approaches adopted to improve the anticancer efficiency are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Ching Tung Lum
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Nam Lok
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pantelić N, Stanojković TP, Zmejkovski BB, Sabo TJ, Kaluđerović GN. In vitro anticancer activity of gold(III) complexes with some esters of (S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-2-propanoic acid. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 90:766-74. [PMID: 25528331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Five novel gold(III) complexes of general formulas [AuCl2{(S,S)-R2eddip}]PF6, ((S,S)-eddip = (S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-2-propanoate, R = n-Bu, n-Pe, i-Bu, i-Am, cPe; 1-5, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by UV/Vis, IR and NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. DFT calculations indicated that (R,R)-N,N'-configuration diastereoisomers were the most stable for 1-5. 3 is stable in DMSO for at least 24 h, but immediate hydrolysis in PBS occurs. 3 is readily reduced with ascorbic acid and forms adducts with bovine serum albumin (BSA). In vitro anticancer activity of the gold(III) complexes against human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa, human myelogenous leukemia K562, human melanoma Fem-x tumor cell lines, as well as against non-cancerous human embryonic lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5 was determined using MTT assay. Complex 4 showed highest activity and selectivity (IC50(Fem-x) = 1.3 ± 0.2; IC50(MRC-5)/IC50(Fem-x) = 72.5 ± 12.4), 4 times more active and 28 times more selective than cisplatin. Complexes induced apoptotic mode of death in a time-dependent manner in HeLa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nebojša Pantelić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
| | | | - Bojana B Zmejkovski
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studenski Trg 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tibor J Sabo
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, P. O. Box 158, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Goran N Kaluđerović
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Elouarzaki K, Le Goff A, Holzinger M, Agnès C, Duclairoir F, Putaux JL, Cosnier S. From gold porphyrins to gold nanoparticles: catalytic nanomaterials for glucose oxidation. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:8556-8560. [PMID: 24970680 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02015d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Au(iii) porphyrin was synthesized and evaluated for electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose. These Au(III) porphyrins, immobilized on a multiwalled carbon nanotube matrix, oxidized glucose at low overpotentials. Furthermore, AuNPs were electrogenerated by reduction of the Au(III) porphyrins. The electrocatalytic properties of these compounds towards glucose oxidation were compared and characterized by electrochemistry, electron microscopy and XPS.
Collapse
|
22
|
Sosnik A, Carcaboso AM. Nanomedicines in the future of pediatric therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 73:140-61. [PMID: 24819219 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has become a key tool to overcome the main (bio)pharmaceutical drawbacks of drugs and to enable their passive or active targeting to specific cells and tissues. Pediatric therapies usually rely on the previous clinical experience in adults. However, there exists scientific evidence that drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in children differ from those in adults. For example, the interaction of specific drugs with their target receptors undergoes changes over the maturation of the different organs and systems. A similar phenomenon is observed for toxicity and adverse effects. Thus, it is clear that the treatment of disease in children cannot be simplified to the direct adjustment of the dose to the body weight/surface. In this context, the implementation of innovative technologies (e.g., nanotechnology) in the pediatric population becomes extremely challenging. The present article overviews the different attempts to use nanotechnology to treat diseases in the pediatric population. Due to the relevance, though limited available literature on the matter, we initially describe from preliminary in vitro studies to preclinical and clinical trials aiming to treat pediatric infectious diseases and pediatric solid tumors by means of nanotechnology. Then, the perspectives of pediatric nanomedicine are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sosnik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- Preclinical Therapeutics and Drug Delivery Research Program, Department of Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona 08950, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Messori L, Scaletti F, Massai L, Cinellu MA, Gabbiani C, Vergara A, Merlino A. The mode of action of anticancer gold-based drugs: a structural perspective. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:10100-2. [PMID: 24045294 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46400h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between a few representative gold-based drugs and hen egg white lysozyme were studied by X-ray crystallography. High resolution crystal structures solved for three metallodrug-protein adducts provide valuable insight into the molecular mechanism of these promising metal compounds and the inherent protein metalation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Messori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Apoptotic effects of dipyrido [3,2-a:2',3'-c] phenazine (dppz) Au(III) complex against diethylnitrosamine/phenobarbital induced experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5109-21. [PMID: 24756331 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of dipyrido [3,2-a:2',3'-c] phenazine (dppz) Au(III) complex ([Au(dppz)Cl2]Cl) on apoptosis during chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma. 48 male Spraque-Dawley rats were divided into six groups; group I (control), group II [Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)], group III ([Au(dppz)Cl2]Cl), group IV [diethylnitrosamine + Phenobabital (DEN + PB)], group V (DEN + PB + [Au(dppz)Cl2]Cl (2nd week)), and group VI (DEN + PB + [Au(dppz)Cl2]Cl (7th week). The rats in groups IV through VI were administrated with DEN in a single dose of intraperitoneal 175 mg/kg. After 2 weeks of DEN administration, these groups of rats were given daily PB in a dose of 500 ppm. In group V, after two weeks of DEN administration, [Au(dppz)Cl2]Cl complex (2 mg/kg) was given once a week by intraperitoneal injection. In the group VI, the rats were given a dose of 2 mg/kg [Au(dppz)Cl2]Cl complex once a week, 7 weeks after DEN administration. At the end of the study, blood and tissue samples were collected from the rats to determine levels of serum AST, ALT, and LDH, and caspase 3, p53, Bax, Bcl-2 and DNA fragmentation in liver. AST, ALT, LDH, and Bcl-2 levels were higher in group IV, compared to group I, but caspase 3 and p53 levels were lower. In group V, caspase 3, p53, Bax, and DNA fragmentation levels were higher than those of group IV. Caspase 3 and p53 levels increased in group VI compared with group IV. In conclusion, [Au(dppz)Cl2]Cl complex induced apoptosis by elevating levels of caspase 3, p53, Bax, and DNA fragmentation.
Collapse
|
25
|
Messori L, Marchetti L, Massai L, Scaletti F, Guerri A, Landini I, Nobili S, Perrone G, Mini E, Leoni P, Pasquali M, Gabbiani C. Chemistry and Biology of Two Novel Gold(I) Carbene Complexes as Prospective Anticancer Agents. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:2396-403. [DOI: 10.1021/ic401731a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Messori
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorella Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry
and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Risorgimento
35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Massai
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Scaletti
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guerri
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Ida Landini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section
of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence viale Pieraccini,
6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Stefania Nobili
- Department of Health Sciences, Section
of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence viale Pieraccini,
6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Perrone
- Department of Health Sciences, Section
of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence viale Pieraccini,
6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section
of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence viale Pieraccini,
6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Piero Leoni
- Department of Chemistry
and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Risorgimento
35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Pasquali
- Department of Chemistry
and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Risorgimento
35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Gabbiani
- Department of Chemistry
and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Risorgimento
35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lum CT, Wai-Yin Sun R, Zou T, Che CM. Gold(iii) complexes inhibit growth of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer in association with upregulation of proapoptotic PMS2 gene. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53203h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
27
|
Messori L, Scaletti F, Massai L, Cinellu MA, Russo Krauss I, di Martino G, Vergara A, Paduano L, Merlino A. Interactions of gold-based drugs with proteins: crystal structure of the adduct formed between ribonuclease A and a cytotoxic gold(iii) compound. Metallomics 2014; 6:233-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00265a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
28
|
Romero-Canelón I, Sadler PJ. Next-Generation Metal Anticancer Complexes: Multitargeting via Redox Modulation. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:12276-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400835n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong,
People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kwong WL, Wai-Yin Sun R, Lok CN, Siu FM, Wong SY, Low KH, Che CM. An ytterbium(iii) porphyrin induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in cancer cells: cytotoxicity and transcriptomics studies. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
30
|
Sun RWY, Lok CN, Fong TTH, Li CKL, Yang ZF, Zou T, Siu AFM, Che CM. A dinuclear cyclometalated gold(iii)–phosphine complex targeting thioredoxin reductase inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc21972k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
|
31
|
Chemistry and biology of three representative gold(III) compounds as prospective anticancer agents. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
32
|
Chen H, Li J, Shen T, Li Y, Liu J, Liu J, Xu A, Wang C. Gold(III) Tetraarylporphyrin Phosphonate Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.3184/174751912x13406179445757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
5-[4-(Dialkyoxyphosphorylamino)]phenyl-10,15,20- triphenylporphyrinato gold(III)chlorides have been synthesised and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against SMMC-7721 human hepatic and sarcoma 180 mouse cancer cell line panels. 5-[4-(Diisopropoxyphosphorylamino)]phenyl-10,15,20- triphenylporphyrinato gold(III)chloride exhibited significant growth inhibitory properties against sarcoma 180 mouse cancer cells (IC50 value = 2.60 μM) and 5-[4-(dipropoxyphosphorylamino)]phenyl-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrinato gold(III)chloride showed significant growth inhibitory properties against SMMC-7721 human hepatic cancer cells (IC50 value = 5.10 μM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huasheng Chen
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Shen
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Aihua Xu
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Cunde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Serratrice M, Cinellu MA, Maiore L, Pilo M, Zucca A, Gabbiani C, Guerri A, Landini I, Nobili S, Mini E, Messori L. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Solution Behavior, and in Vitro Antiproliferative Properties of a Series of Gold Complexes with 2-(2′-Pyridyl)benzimidazole as Ligand: Comparisons of Gold(III) versus Gold(I) and Mononuclear versus Binuclear Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:3161-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ic202639t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serratrice
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna
2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria A. Cinellu
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna
2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Laura Maiore
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna
2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Pilo
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna
2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Zucca
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna
2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Chiara Gabbiani
- Department of Chemistry and
Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guerri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019
Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Ida Landini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze,
Italy
| | - Stefania Nobili
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze,
Italy
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze,
Italy
| | - Luigi Messori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019
Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lee P, Zhang R, Li V, Liu X, Sun RWY, Che CM, Wong KKY. Enhancement of anticancer efficacy using modified lipophilic nanoparticle drug encapsulation. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:731-7. [PMID: 22359452 PMCID: PMC3282612 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s28783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of anticancer drugs is challenging. Indeed, much research effort has been spent in the development of new drugs to improve clinical outcomes with minimal toxicity. We have previously reported that a formulation of lipid gold porphyrin nanoparticles reduced systemic drug toxicity when compared with free gold porphyrin. In this study, we investigated the delivery and treatment efficiency of PEG surface-modified lipid nanoparticles as a carrier platform. METHODS We encapsulated antitumor drugs into PEG-modified lipid nanoparticles and these were characterized by size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency. The delivery efficiency into tumor tissue was evaluated using a biodistribution study. To evaluate antitumor efficacy, gold porphyrin or camptothecin (a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor) were encapsulated and compared using an in vivo neuroblastoma (N2A) model. RESULTS We showed that drug encapsulation into PEG-modified lipid nanoparticles enhanced the preferential uptake in tumor tissue. Furthermore, higher tumor killing efficiency was observed in response to treatment with PEG-modified lipid nanoparticles encapsulating gold porphyrin or camptothecin when compared with free gold porphyrin or free camptothecin. The in vivo antitumor effect was further confirmed by study of tumor inhibition and positive apoptosis activity. Surface modification of lipophilic nanoparticles with PEG increased the efficiency of drug delivery into tumor tissue and subsequently more effective antitumor activity. CONCLUSION This specific design of a chemotherapeutic agent using nanotechnology is important in the development of a safe and effective drug in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puiyan Lee
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sun L, Chen H, Zhang Z, Yang Q, Tong H, Xu A, Wang C. Synthesis and cancer cell cytotoxicity of water-soluble gold(III) substituted tetraarylporphyrin. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 108:47-52. [PMID: 22265838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel substituted gold(III) tetraarylporphyrins with aqueous solubility has been carried out. The analogs ClAuTPP(CH(3)Py(+)·I(-)), ClAuTCPPNa, ClAuTPPCO(2)Na, ClAuTSPPNa and ClAuTPPNH(2)·HCl were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against sarcoma 180 mouse tumor and SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cell line panel. Compound ClAuTCPPNa exhibited significant growth inhibitory properties against sarcoma 180 mouse tumor and SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cell examined, and afforded IC(50) values <25 μM for 66.63% of the cell lines in the panel. Compound ClAuTPPNH(2)·HCl was an effective inhibitor of sarcoma 180 mouse tumor and SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cell growth, but generally less effective as a cytotoxic agent. Thus, the substituted gold(III) porphyrin ClAuTCPP-Na(+) and ClAuTPPNH(2)·HCl with aqueous solubility were regarded as useful lead compounds for further structural optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu J, Chen H, Li Y, Chen Y, Mao L, Xu A, Wang C. Synthesis and Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity of Gold(III) Tetraarylporphyrins with a C5-Carboxylate Substituent. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.3184/174751911x13230815130502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gold(III) tetraarylporphyrins with a C5-carboxylate substituent have been synthesised and their in vitro cytotoxic activity against SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cell line panel evaluated. The compound 5-[4-(4-ethoxycarbonylbut oxy)phenyl]-10,15,20-tri(4-methoxyphenyl)porphyrinatogold(III) chloride exhibited significant growth inhibitory properties against SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cells and afforded an IC50 value of 29 μM for 69.73% of the cell lines in the panel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Huasheng Chen
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Leilei Mao
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Aihua Xu
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Cunde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wu JC, Hseu YC, Tsai JS, Chen LC, Chye SM, Chen CH, Ching Chen S. Fenthion and terbufos induce DNA damage, the expression of tumor-related genes, and apoptosis in HEPG2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2011; 52:529-37. [PMID: 21538558 DOI: 10.1002/em.20652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of fenthion and terbufos, two organophosphorous pesticides, on DNA damage, tumor-related gene expression, and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. We found that exposure to concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 μM of fenthion and terbufos for 2 hr caused significant death in HepG2 cells. Both compounds induced DNA damage in a concentration-dependent manner as measured using the alkaline comet assay. Tumor-related genes (jun, myc, and fos) and apoptosis-related genes (socs3, tnfaip3, ppp1r15a, and nr4a1) were up-regulated by both compounds. Finally, both compounds induced apoptosis. The results demonstrate that both terbufos and fenthion induce DNA damage and should be considered potentially hazardous to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-C Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sava G, Bergamo A, Dyson PJ. Metal-based antitumour drugs in the post-genomic era: what comes next? Dalton Trans 2011; 40:9069-75. [PMID: 21725573 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10522a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In our Dalton Transactions Perspective article entitled, 'Metal-based antitumour drugs in the post genomic era', (Dalton Trans., 2006, 1929-1933) we discussed metal-based drugs in light of past decades of research. We concluded that the post-genomic era would dictate a change in the direction of the field with knowledge of the genome increasingly allowing protein targets to be identified and not simply assuming that DNA is the only relevant target of metal-based drugs. Since our article was published new insights into the mode of action of metal-based drugs have emerged making some older findings increasingly relevant to current drug design. In this article we discuss these developments in terms of what we believe should be the future direction for the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Sava
- Callerio Foundation Onlus, Via A. Fleming 22-31, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Che CM, Sun RWY. Therapeutic applications of gold complexes: lipophilic gold(III) cations and gold(I) complexes for anti-cancer treatment. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:9554-60. [PMID: 21674082 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10860c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gold and its complexes have long been known to display unique biological and medicinal properties. Extensive cell-based (in vitro) and animal (in vivo) studies have revealed the potent anti-cancer activities of diverse classes of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes. Most of the reported anti-cancer active gold complexes are highly cytotoxic and unstable under physiological conditions, which hamper their development to be launched clinically. Several clinical reports showed that lipophilic organic cations are promising anti-cancer drug candidates targeting to mitochondria. Through metal-ligand coordination, gold(I) and gold(III) ions can form stable lipophilic cations containing organic ligands having tunable lipophilicity and diverse functionalities. The present highlight summarizes the recent development of lipophilic gold(III) cations and gold(I) complexes with promising anti-cancer activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lum CT, Huo L, Sun RWY, Li M, Kung HF, Che CM, Lin MCM. Gold(III) porphyrin 1a prolongs the survival of melanoma-bearing mice and inhibits angiogenesis. Acta Oncol 2011; 50:719-26. [PMID: 21110776 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2010.537693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gold(III) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (gold-1a) has previously been shown to prolong the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-bearing rats and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastasis-bearing mice. It has also been proved to inhibit the tumor growth of mice bearing NPC, neuroblastoma and colon carcinoma. Mechanistically, gold-1a induces apoptosis, inhibits cell migration and invasion. In this study the efficacies of gold-1a in inhibiting melanoma and angiogenesis were investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS A mouse melanoma model was used to investigate the efficacy of gold-1a in inhibiting angiogenesis, tumor growth and prolonging the survival of the tumor-bearing animals. The model was established by inoculation of 2 × 10(5) B16-F1 mouse melanoma cells into the right back flanks of the mice by subcutaneous inoculation. When the tumors grew to 0.2-0.4 cm in diameters, the mice were treated with gold-1a, solvent control or dacarbazine (DTIC) for comparison. Tumor sizes and animal survivals were monitored throughout the experiment. Tumor tissues were collected and immunohistochemically stained with CD31 antibodies for evaluation of intra-tumoral microvessel density (iMVD). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Gold-1a significantly prolonged the survivals, reduced angiogenesis and tumor growth rates of melanoma-bearing mice. The compound induced necrosis and apoptosis in the mouse melanoma tissues. Gold-1a also downregulated the expression of genes playing roles in angiogenesis. Gold-1a may potentially be used to treat melanoma in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching Tung Lum
- Department of Chemistry, Open Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lemon CM, Brothers PJ, Boitrel B. Porphyrin complexes of the period 6 main group and late transition metals. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:6591-609. [PMID: 21384031 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01711f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metalloporphyrin complexes of the period six metals gold, mercury, thallium, lead and bismuth are often overlooked in favour of their lighter congeners. These complexes exhibit unusual coordination geometries, prominently featuring the metal centre residing out the porphyrin plane. Not only are these compounds chemically interesting, but several applications for these complexes are beginning to emerge. Gold and bismuth porphyrins have medicinal applications including novel chemotherapeutics and sensitizers for α-radiotherapy, while gold porphyrins have applications in materials chemistry and catalysis. This perspective serves to highlight trends in the synthesis and structure of these heavy metal complexes as well as illustrate the considerations necessary for rationally designing elaborate porphyrin architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Lemon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92109, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen H, Yang Q, Sun L, Zhang Z, Tong H, Xu A, Wang C. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Gold(III) Substituted Tetraarylporphyrin Chlorides as Anticancer Reagents. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.3184/174751911x12992544137142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Substituted gold(III) tetraarylporphyrins have been synthesised. The analogues TPPAuCl (TPP = tetraphenylporhyrin), MeOTPPAuCl, TMOPPAuCl, MeO2CTPPAuCl, O2NTPPAuCl and PyTPPAuCl were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against the Sarcoma 180 mouse tumour cell line panel. Compound MeO2CTPPAuCl exhibited good growth inhibitory properties against Sarcoma 180 and afforded IC50 values <3μM for 92.386% of the cell lines in the panel. Compounds MeOTPPAuCl and TPPAuCl were effective inhibitors of tumour cell growth, but generally less effective than MeO2CTPPAuCl as cytotoxic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huasheng Chen
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zonglei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Aihua Xu
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Cunde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Berners-Price SJ, Filipovska A. Gold compounds as therapeutic agents for human diseases. Metallomics 2011; 3:863-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c1mt00062d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
44
|
Copper, gold and silver compounds as potential new anti-tumor metallodrugs. Future Med Chem 2010; 2:1591-608. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.10.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although platinum-based drugs such as cisplatin are powerful anticancer agents, they have undesirable side effects and are effective against only a few kinds of cancers. There is, therefore, a need for new drugs with an improved spectrum of efficacy and lower toxicity. Complexes of copper, gold and silver (coinage metals) are potential candidates to fullfill this need. The development of anticancer drugs based on these metals is currently a very active field. Considerable effort has also been put into elucidating the mechanisms of action of these complexes and optimizing their bioactivity through structural modification. In this review, we highlight recent developments in the design of coinage metal complexes with anti-tumor activity and discuss the emerging importance of quantitative structure–activity relationship methods in the study of anticancer metal complexes. Future work in this field, including likely coinage metal complexes that will attract attention, are proposed.
Collapse
|
45
|
Lum CT, Liu X, Sun RWY, Li XP, Peng Y, He ML, Kung HF, Che CM, Lin MC. Gold(III) porphyrin 1a inhibited nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis in vivo and inhibited cell migration and invasion in vitro. Cancer Lett 2010; 294:159-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Revised: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
46
|
Nobili S, Mini E, Landini I, Gabbiani C, Casini A, Messori L. Gold compounds as anticancer agents: chemistry, cellular pharmacology, and preclinical studies. Med Res Rev 2010; 30:550-80. [PMID: 19634148 DOI: 10.1002/med.20168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gold compounds are a class of metallodrugs with great potential for cancer treatment. During the last two decades, a large variety of gold(I) and gold(III) compounds are reported to possess relevant antiproliferative properties in vitro against selected human tumor cell lines, qualifying themselves as excellent candidates for further pharmacological evaluation. The unique chemical properties of the gold center confer very interesting and innovative pharmacological profiles to gold-based metallodrugs. The primary goal of this review is to define the state of the art of preclinical studies on anticancer gold compounds, carried out either in vitro or in vivo. The available investigations of anticancer gold compounds are analyzed in detail, and particular attention is devoted to underlying molecular mechanisms. Notably, a few biophysical studies reveal that the interactions of cytotoxic gold compounds with DNA are generally far weaker than those of platinum drugs, implying the occurrence of a substantially different mode of action. A variety of alternative mechanisms were thus proposed, of which those involving either direct mitochondrial damage or proteasome inhibition or modulation of specific kinases are now highly credited. The overall perspectives on the development of gold compounds as effective anticancer drugs with an innovative mechanism of action are critically discussed on the basis of the available experimental evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Nobili
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sun RWY, Li CKL, Ma DL, Yan JJ, Lok CN, Leung CH, Zhu N, Che CM. Stable anticancer gold(III)-porphyrin complexes: effects of porphyrin structure. Chemistry 2010; 16:3097-113. [PMID: 20162647 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the design of physiologically stable anticancer gold(III) complexes, we have employed strongly chelating porphyrinato ligands to stabilize a gold(III) ion [Chem. Commun. 2003, 1718; Coord. Chem. Rev. 2009, 253, 1682]. In this work, a family of gold(III) tetraarylporphyrins with porphyrinato ligands containing different peripheral substituents on the meso-aryl rings were prepared, and these complexes were used to study the structure-bioactivity relationship. The cytotoxic IC(50) values of [Au(Por)](+) (Por=porphyrinato ligand), which range from 0.033 to >100 microM, correlate with their lipophilicity and cellular uptake. Some of them induce apoptosis and display preferential cytotoxicity toward cancer cells than to normal noncancerous cells. A new gold(III)-porphyrin with saccharide conjugation [Au(4-glucosyl-TPP)]Cl (2a; H(2)(4-glucosyl-TPP)=meso-tetrakis(4-beta-D-glucosylphenyl)porphyrin) exhibits significant cytostatic activity to cancer cells (IC(50)=1.2-9.0 microM) without causing cell death and is much less toxic to lung fibroblast cells (IC(50)>100 microM). The gold(III)-porphyrin complexes induce S-phase cell-cycle arrest of cancer cells as indicated by flow cytometric analysis, suggesting that the anticancer activity may be, in part, due to termination of DNA replication. The gold(III)-porphyrin complexes can bind to DNA in vitro with binding constants in the range of 4.9 x 10(5) to 4.1 x 10(6) dm(3) mol(-1) as determined by absorption titration. Complexes 2a and [Au(TMPyP)]Cl(5) (4a; [H(2)TMPyP](4+)=meso-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin) interact with DNA in a manner similar to the DNA intercalator ethidium bromide as revealed by gel mobility shift assays and viscosity measurements. Both of them also inhibited the topoisomerase I induced relaxation of supercoiled DNA. Complex 4a, a gold(III) derivative of the known G-quadruplex-interactive porphyrin [H(2)TMPyP](4+), can similarly inhibit the amplification of a DNA substrate containing G-quadruplex structures in a polymerase chain reaction stop assay. In contrast to these reported complexes, complex 2a and the parental gold(III)-porphyrin 1a do not display a significant inhibitory effect (<10%) on telomerase. Based on the results of protein expression analysis and computational docking experiments, the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 protein is a potential target for those gold(III)-porphyrin complexes with apoptosis-inducing properties. Complex 2a also displays prominent anti-angiogenic properties in vitro. Taken together, the enhanced stabilization of the gold(III) ion and the ease of structural modification render porphyrins an attractive ligand system in the development of physiologically stable gold(III) complexes with anticancer and anti-angiogenic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Wai-Yin Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Open Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shi M, Wang HN, Xie ST, Luo Y, Sun CY, Chen XL, Zhang YZ. Antimicrobial peptaibols, novel suppressors of tumor cells, targeted calcium-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:26. [PMID: 20122248 PMCID: PMC2825246 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world which is highly chemoresistant to currently available chemotherapeutic agents. Thus, novel therapeutic targets are needed to be sought for the successful treatment of HCC. Peptaibols, a family of peptides synthesized non-ribosomally by the Trichoderma species and other fungi, exhibit antibiotic activities against bacteria and fungi. Few studies recently showed that peptaibols exerted cytotoxicity toward human lung epithelial and breast carcinoma cells. However, the mechanism involved in peptaibol-induced cell death remains poorly understood. Results Here, we showed that Trichokonin VI (TK VI), a peptaibol from Trichoderma pseudokoningii SMF2, induced growth inhibition of HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner. It did not obviously impair the viability of normal liver cells at lower concentration. Moreover, the suppression of cell viability resulted from the programmed cell death (PCD) with characteristics of apoptosis and autophagy. An influx of Ca2+ triggered the activation of μ-calpain and proceeded to the translocation of Bax to mitochondria and subsequent promotion of apoptosis. On the other hand, typically morphological characteristics consistent with autophagy were also observed by punctate distribution of MDC staining and the induction of LC3-II, including extensive autophagic vacuolization and enclosure of cell organelles by these autophagosomes. More significantly, specific depletion of Bak expression by small RNA interfering (siRNA) could partly attenuate TK VI-induced autophagy. However, siRNA against Bax led to increased autophagy. Conclusion Taken together, these findings showed for the first time that peptaibols were novel regulators involved in both apoptosis and autophagy, suggesting that the class of peptaibols might serve as potential suppressors of tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Shi
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yan JJ, Sun RWY, Wu P, Lin MCM, Chan ASC, Che CM. Encapsulation of dual cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic gold(iii) complexes by gelatin-acacia microcapsules: In vitro and in vivo studies. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:7700-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c003044a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
50
|
Chow KHM, Sun RWY, Lam JB, Li CKL, Xu A, Ma DL, Abagyan R, Wang Y, Che CM. A Gold(III) Porphyrin Complex with Antitumor Properties Targets the Wnt/β-catenin Pathway. Cancer Res 2009; 70:329-37. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|