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Li G, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang J, Li L, Huang X, Thabane L, Lip GYH. Relationship between glucosamine use and the risk of lung cancer: data from a nationwide prospective cohort study. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.01399-2021. [PMID: 34326189 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01399-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on glucosamine shows anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer benefits with a minimal adverse effects. We aimed to explore the relationship between use of glucosamine and risk of lung cancer and lung cancer mortality based on data from the large-scale nationwide prospective UK Biobank cohort study. METHODS Participants were enrolled between the year 2006 and 2010 and followed up to 2020. Cox proportion hazards model were used to assess the relationship between glucosamine use and risk of lung cancer and lung cancer mortality. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the potential effect modifications and the robustness of main findings. RESULTS A total of 439,393 participants (mean age: 56 years; 53% females) with a mean follow-up of 11 years were included for analyses. There were 82,603 (18.80%) participants reporting regular use of glucosamine at baseline. During follow-up, there were 1,971 (0.45%) lung cancer events documented. Glucosamine use was significantly associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer (hazard ratio=0.84, 95% CI: 0.75-0.92, p<0.001) and lung cancer mortality (hazard ratio=0.88, 95% CI: 0.81-0.96, p=0.002) in fully-adjusted models. A stronger association between glucosamine use and decreased lung cancer risk was observed in participants with a family history of lung cancer when compared to those without a family history. CONCLUSION Regular use of glucosamine was significantly related with decreased risk of lung cancer and lung cancer mortality, based on data from this nationwide prospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Department of Oncology No.2, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yingxin Liu
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junguo Zhang
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Likang Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
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2
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Ward MM, Alehashemi S. Risks of solid cancers in elderly persons with osteoarthritis or ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:3817-3825. [PMID: 32442295 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis have lower cancer-related mortality than the general population. We examined risks of solid cancers at 16 sites in elderly patients with knee or hip osteoarthritis (KHOA) or ankylosing spondylitis. METHODS In this population-based retrospective cohort study, we used US Medicare data from 1999 to 2010 to identify cohorts of persons with KHOA or ankylosing spondylitis, and a general population group without either condition, who were followed through 2015. We compared cancer incidence among groups, adjusted for age, sex, race, socioeconomic characteristics, geographic region, smoking and comorbidities. RESULTS We studied 2 701 782 beneficiaries with KHOA, 13 044 beneficiaries with ankylosing spondylitis, and 10 859 304 beneficiaries in the general population group. Beneficiaries with KHOA had lower risks of cancer of the oropharynx, oesophagus, stomach, colon/rectum, hepatobiliary tract, pancreas, larynx, lung, and ovary than the general population. However, beneficiaries with KHOA had higher risks of melanoma, renal cell cancer, and cancer of the bladder, breast, uterus and prostate. Associations were similar in ankylosing spondylitis, with lower risks of cancer of the oesophagus, stomach, and lung, and higher risks of melanoma, renal cell cancer, and cancer of the renal pelvis/ureter, bladder, breast, and prostate. CONCLUSION Lower risks of highly prevalent cancers, including colorectal and lung cancer, may explain lower cancer-related mortality in patients with KHOA or ankylosing spondylitis. Similarities in cancer risks between KHOA and AS implicate a common risk factor, possibly chronic NSAID use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Ward
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara Alehashemi
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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3
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Dong X, He J, Lin L, Zhu Y, Chen C, Su L, Zhao Y, Zhang R, Wei Y, Chen F, Christiani DC. Association between aspirin use and lung cancer incidence depends on high-frequency use, bodyweight, and age in U.S. adults. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:392-401. [PMID: 33569321 PMCID: PMC7867785 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Chemoprevention of cancer with aspirin is controversial as a primary prevention strategy. We sought to investigate the association between aspirin frequency and risk of lung cancer in The Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Methods Using data from 101,722 participants in PLCO, we used a Cox regression model coupling with propensity score to detect the association between aspirin frequency and lung cancer risk. Results High-frequency aspirin use significantly increased risk of lung cancer by 28% compared to no use (HR =1.28; 95% CI, 1.14–1.45; P=3.37×10−5), especially for current smoker (HR =1.30; 95% CI, 1.07–1.57; P=6.82×10−3). However, the increased lung cancer risk due to high-frequency aspirin use significantly decreased with increasing bodyweight (HRinteraction =0.96; 95% CI, 0.94–0.99; P=1.26×10−2). Further, for participants with bodyweight <80 kg, high-frequency aspirin use showed an elevated risk at <76 years of age (HRage<76 =1.47; 95% CI, 1.25–1.73; P=3.81×10−6). Our study used propensity score under various confounding and stratification analyses by cardio-cerebrovascular status, which all presented similar evidences. Conclusions High-frequency aspirin use is associated with the increased risk of lung cancer. Current smoker or people with age <76 years and bodyweight <80 kg should be more cautious to high-frequency aspirin use for lung cancer chemoprevention. This study provides a new insight for lung cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesi Dong
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Big Data of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jieyu He
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Big Data of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Big Data of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Big Data of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Big Data of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Big Data of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Big Data of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Big Data of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Big Data of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Jin MZ, Jin WL. The updated landscape of tumor microenvironment and drug repurposing. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:166. [PMID: 32843638 PMCID: PMC7447642 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that cellular and acellular components in tumor microenvironment (TME) can reprogram tumor initiation, growth, invasion, metastasis, and response to therapies. Cancer research and treatment have switched from a cancer-centric model to a TME-centric one, considering the increasing significance of TME in cancer biology. Nonetheless, the clinical efficacy of therapeutic strategies targeting TME, especially the specific cells or pathways of TME, remains unsatisfactory. Classifying the chemopathological characteristics of TME and crosstalk among one another can greatly benefit further studies exploring effective treating methods. Herein, we present an updated image of TME with emphasis on hypoxic niche, immune microenvironment, metabolism microenvironment, acidic niche, innervated niche, and mechanical microenvironment. We then summarize conventional drugs including aspirin, celecoxib, β-adrenergic antagonist, metformin, and statin in new antitumor application. These drugs are considered as viable candidates for combination therapy due to their antitumor activity and extensive use in clinical practice. We also provide our outlook on directions and potential applications of TME theory. This review depicts a comprehensive and vivid landscape of TME from biology to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
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Ye S, Lee M, Lee D, Ha EH, Chun EM. Association of Long-term Use of Low-Dose Aspirin as Chemoprevention With Risk of Lung Cancer. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e190185. [PMID: 30821825 PMCID: PMC6484667 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Low-dose aspirin use for chemoprevention of lung cancer risk remains controversial. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between low-dose aspirin use and lung cancer risk, and to identify specific subgroups that may derive the most benefit from low-dose aspirin use. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This nationwide, retrospective, cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Information Database from 2002 to 2015. Data analyses were performed from October 2016 to December 2018. Eligible participants (n = 12 969 400) were people aged 40 to 84 years who had undergone national health screening between 2009 and 2010 and had no history of lung cancer between 2006 and 2010 and no standard-dose aspirin use for 6 months between 2002 and 2010. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The duration of low-dose aspirin use between January 2002 and December 2010 was calculated for each participant. Lung cancer was defined as the first recorded diagnosis of lung cancer-using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes and expanding benefit coverage-between January 2011 and December 2015. RESULTS A total of 63 040 participants with a mean (SD) age of 66.4 (9.3) years received a diagnosis of lung cancer. Of these, 45 156 (71.6%) were men. The incidence rate of lung cancer was 98.8 per 100 000 person-years. The duration of low-dose aspirin use was none for 10 987 417 participants (84.7%), 1 to 2 years for 750 992 participants (5.8%), 3 to 4 years for 506 945 participants (3.9%), 5 to 6 years for 371 062 participants (2.9%), 7 to 8 years for 240 528 participants (1.9%), and 9 years for 112 456 participants (0.9%). Compared with no aspirin use, 5 to 6 years (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.92-0.99]), 7 to 8 years (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.90-0.99]), and 9 years (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.84-0.94]) of aspirin use were significantly associated with reduced lung cancer risk. After stratified analysis, a significant reduction of lung cancer risk was observed among people aged 65 years or older and among people without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Although the use of low-dose aspirin for more than 5 years was associated with decreased risk of lung cancer, particularly among elderly participants and among people without diabetes, the observed effect size was quite modest. Future prospective studies are needed to determine whether there is a causal association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinhee Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongjee Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongheon Lee
- Department of Statistics, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts
| | - Eun-Hee Ha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Chun
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sandelin M, Mindus S, Thuresson M, Lisspers K, Ställberg B, Johansson G, Larsson K, Janson C. Factors associated with lung cancer in COPD patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:1833-1839. [PMID: 29922050 PMCID: PMC5995277 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s162484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The risk of dying of lung cancer is up to eightfold higher in patients with COPD than in age- and gender-matched controls. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with lung cancer in a large cohort of COPD patients from primary care centers. Methods To analyze whether age, gender, socioeconomic factors, comorbidity, and medication affect the risk of lung cancer in COPD, we used a COPD cohort of primary care patients. Data from primary care medical records and mandatory Swedish national registers were collected and linked in this population-based, retrospective observational registry study (NCT01146392). Results Of the total cohort, 19,894 patients were included in the study. Five hundred and ninety-four lung cancer cases were diagnosed, corresponding to 3.0% of the studied population. In a multivariate analysis, the risk of lung cancer was lower if the COPD patients had a concurrent asthma diagnosis (HR: 0.54, CI: 0.41–0.71), while the risk of lung cancer increased with increasing age. A decreased lung cancer risk was observed in an exposure-dependent manner in patients who were prescribed inhaled corticosteroids (HR: 0.52, CI: 0.37–0.73), while the opposite was found for the use of acetylsalicylic acid (HR: 1.58, CI: 1.15–2.16). Conclusion In this large population-based cohort, a concurrent asthma diagnosis and use of inhaled corticosteroids were independently related to decreased risk of lung cancer in COPD patients, while the use of acetylsalicylic acid was associated with an increased risk. The findings of the present study should be seen as hypothesis generating and need to be confirmed in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sandelin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stéphanie Mindus
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Karin Lisspers
- Department of Public Health and Caring Science, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Ställberg
- Department of Public Health and Caring Science, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Johansson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Science, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kjell Larsson
- Lung and Allergy Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Qiao Y, Yang T, Gan Y, Li W, Wang C, Gong Y, Lu Z. Associations between aspirin use and the risk of cancers: a meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC Cancer 2018. [PMID: 29534696 PMCID: PMC5851082 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have clarified the potential associations between regular aspirin use and cancers. However, it remains controversial on whether aspirin use decreases the risk of cancers risks. Therefore, we conducted an updated meta-analysis to assess the associations between aspirin use and cancers. Methods The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched up to March 2017 to identify relevant studies. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of associations. Results A total of 218 studies with 309 reports were eligible for this meta-analysis. Aspirin use was associated with a significant decrease in the risk of overall cancer (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.87–0.91), and gastric (RR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.65–0.86), esophageal (RR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62–0.89), colorectal (RR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.74–0.85), pancreatic (RR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.68–0.93), ovarian (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83–0.95), endometrial (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85–0.99), breast (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88–0.96), and prostate (RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90–0.99) cancers, as well as small intestine neuroendocrine tumors (RR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.05–0.58). Conclusions These findings suggest that aspirin use is associated with a reduced risk of gastric, esophageal, colorectal, pancreatic, ovarian, endometrial, breast, and prostate cancers, and small intestine neuroendocrine tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4156-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Nutriology, The People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhen Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Gong
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zuxun Lu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Association of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and aspirin use and the risk of head and neck cancers: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65196-65207. [PMID: 27533449 PMCID: PMC5323148 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin, have emerged as the potential chemopreventive agents for a number of cancer types, however, previous studies of head and neck cancers (HNC) have yielded inconclusive results. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to quantitatively assess the association between NSAIDs use and the risk for HNC. Methods We searched Pubmed, Embase, Google scholar, and Cochrane library for relevant studies that were published in any language, from January 1980 to April 2016. We pooled the odds ratio (OR) from individual studies and performed subgroup, heterogeneity, and publication bias analyses. Results A total of eleven studies (eight case-control studies and three cohort studies), involving 370,000 participants and 10,673 HNC cases contributed to this meta-analysis. The results of these studies suggested that neither use of overall NSAIDs (OR=0.95; 95% CI, 0.81-1.11), aspirin (OR=0.93; 95% CI, 0.79-1.10), nor nonsteroidal NSAIDs (OR=0.92; 95% CI, 0.76-1.10) were associated with HNC risk. Similar nonsteroidal results were observed when stratified by HNC sites, study design, sample size, and varied adjustment factors. However, we found significant protective effect of ibuprofen (OR=0.85; 95% CI, 0.72-0.99) and long-term aspirin use (≧5years) (OR=0.75; 95% CI, 0.65-0.85) on HNC risk, with low heterogeneity and publication bias. Conclusions Our meta-analysis results do not support the hypothesis that overall use of NSAIDs significant reduces the risk of HNC. Whereas, we cannot rule out a modest reduction in HNC risk associated with ibuprofen and long-term aspirin use.
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van 't Erve TJ, Lih FB, Kadiiska MB, Deterding LJ, Mason RP. Elevated plasma 8-iso-prostaglandin F 2α levels in human smokers originate primarily from enzymatic instead of non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:105-112. [PMID: 29162517 PMCID: PMC5767525 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that free radicals in tobacco smoke lead to oxidative stress and generate the popular lipid peroxidation biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α). However, 8-iso-PGF2α can simultaneously be produced in vivo by the prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases (PGHS) induced by inflammation. This inflammation-dependent mechanism has never been considered as a source of elevated 8-iso-PGF2α in tobacco smokers. The goal of this study is to quantify the distribution of chemical- and PGHS-dependent 8-iso-PGF2α formation in the plasma of tobacco smokers and non-smokers. The influences of gender and hormonal contraceptive use were accounted for. The distribution was determined by measuring the 8-iso-PGF2α/prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) ratio. When comparing smokers (n = 28) against non-smokers (n = 30), there was a statistically significant increase in the 8-iso-PGF2α concentration. The source of this increased 8-iso-PGF2α was primarily from PGHS. When stratifying for gender, the increase in 8-iso-PGF2α in male smokers (n = 9) was primarily from PGHS. Interestingly, female smokers on hormonal contraceptives had increased 8-iso-PGF2α in both pathways, whereas those not on hormonal contraceptives did not have increased 8-iso-PGF2α. In conclusion, increased plasma 8-iso-PGF2α in tobacco smokers has complex origins, with PGHS-dependent formation as the primary source. Accounting for both pathways provides a definitive measurement of both oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J van 't Erve
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA.
| | - Fred B Lih
- Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA
| | - Maria B Kadiiska
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA
| | - Leesa J Deterding
- Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA
| | - Ronald P Mason
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA
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10
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Abstract
Aspirin is a promising agent for chemoprevention of lung cancer. We assessed the association of aspirin use and the development of lung cancer, with a focus on heterogeneity between studies. Databases were searched for relevant studies until September 2014. Studies evaluating the relationship of aspirin use and incidence of lung cancer were considered. Relative risks (RR) were extracted and a pooled estimate was calculated. Heterogeneity was assessed by the I measure, random-effects models, and finite-mixture models. Sources of heterogeneity were investigated using a meta-regression. A decreased risk of lung cancer was found including 20 studies [RR=0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79-0.95] on the basis of a random-effects model. Strong heterogeneity was observed (τ=0.0258, I=74.4%). As a result, two subpopulations of studies were identified on the basis of a mixture model. The first subpopulation (42%) has an average RR of 0.64. The remaining subpopulation (58%) shows an RR of 1.04. Different results were found for case-control (RR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.60-0.90) and cohort studies (RR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.93-1.06) in a stratified analysis. In a subgroup analysis, use of aspirin was associated with a decreased risk of non-small-cell lung cancer in case-control studies (RR=0.74; 95% CI: 0.58-0.94). At first glance, our meta-analysis shows an average protective effect. A second glance indicates that there is strong heterogeneity. This leads to a subpopulation with considerable benefit and another subpopulation with no benefit. For further investigations, it is important to identify populations that benefit from aspirin use.
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Trifirò G, de Ridder M, Sultana J, Oteri A, Rijnbeek P, Pecchioli S, Mazzaglia G, Bezemer I, Garbe E, Schink T, Poluzzi E, Frøslev T, Molokhia M, Diemberger I, Sturkenboom MCJM. Use of azithromycin and risk of ventricular arrhythmia. CMAJ 2017; 189:E560-E568. [PMID: 28420680 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.160355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are conflicting findings from observational studies of the arrhythrogenic potential of azithromycin. Our aim was to quantify the association between azithromycin use and the risk of ventricular arrhythmia. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study within a cohort of new antibiotic users identified from a network of 7 population-based health care databases in Denmark, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom for the period 1997-2010. Up to 100 controls per case were selected and matched by age, sex and database. Recency of antibiotic use and type of drug (azithromycin was the exposure of interest) at the index date (occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia) were identified. We estimated the odds of ventricular arrhythmia associated with current azithromycin use relative to current amoxicillin use or nonuse of antibiotics (≥ 365 d without antibiotic exposure) using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS We identified 14 040 688 new antibiotic users who met the inclusion criteria. Ventricular arrhythmia developed in 12 874, of whom 30 were current azithromycin users. The mean age of the cases and controls was 63 years, and two-thirds were male. In the pooled data analyses across databases, azithromycin use was associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmia relative to nonuse of antibiotics (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-2.86). This increased risk disappeared when current amoxicillin use was the comparator (adjusted OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.48-1.71). Database-specific estimates and meta-analysis confirmed results from the pooled data analysis. INTERPRETATION Current azithromycin use was associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmia when compared with nonuse of antibiotics, but not when compared with current amoxicillin use. The decreased risk with an active comparator suggests significant confounding by indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Trifirò
- Department of Medical Informatics (Trifirò, de Ridder, Sultana, Oteri, Rijnbeek, Sturkenboom), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging (Trifirò), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Sultana), University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners (Pecchioli, Mazzaglia), Florence, Italy; PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research (Bezemer), Utrecht, Netherlands; Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH (Garbe, Schink), Bremen, Germany; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (Poluzzi), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Clinical Epidemiology (Frøslev), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences (Molokhia), King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (Diemberger), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria de Ridder
- Department of Medical Informatics (Trifirò, de Ridder, Sultana, Oteri, Rijnbeek, Sturkenboom), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging (Trifirò), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Sultana), University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners (Pecchioli, Mazzaglia), Florence, Italy; PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research (Bezemer), Utrecht, Netherlands; Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH (Garbe, Schink), Bremen, Germany; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (Poluzzi), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Clinical Epidemiology (Frøslev), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences (Molokhia), King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (Diemberger), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Janet Sultana
- Department of Medical Informatics (Trifirò, de Ridder, Sultana, Oteri, Rijnbeek, Sturkenboom), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging (Trifirò), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Sultana), University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners (Pecchioli, Mazzaglia), Florence, Italy; PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research (Bezemer), Utrecht, Netherlands; Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH (Garbe, Schink), Bremen, Germany; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (Poluzzi), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Clinical Epidemiology (Frøslev), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences (Molokhia), King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (Diemberger), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Oteri
- Department of Medical Informatics (Trifirò, de Ridder, Sultana, Oteri, Rijnbeek, Sturkenboom), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging (Trifirò), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Sultana), University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners (Pecchioli, Mazzaglia), Florence, Italy; PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research (Bezemer), Utrecht, Netherlands; Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH (Garbe, Schink), Bremen, Germany; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (Poluzzi), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Clinical Epidemiology (Frøslev), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences (Molokhia), King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (Diemberger), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Peter Rijnbeek
- Department of Medical Informatics (Trifirò, de Ridder, Sultana, Oteri, Rijnbeek, Sturkenboom), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging (Trifirò), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Sultana), University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners (Pecchioli, Mazzaglia), Florence, Italy; PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research (Bezemer), Utrecht, Netherlands; Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH (Garbe, Schink), Bremen, Germany; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (Poluzzi), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Clinical Epidemiology (Frøslev), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences (Molokhia), King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (Diemberger), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Pecchioli
- Department of Medical Informatics (Trifirò, de Ridder, Sultana, Oteri, Rijnbeek, Sturkenboom), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging (Trifirò), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Sultana), University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners (Pecchioli, Mazzaglia), Florence, Italy; PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research (Bezemer), Utrecht, Netherlands; Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH (Garbe, Schink), Bremen, Germany; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (Poluzzi), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Clinical Epidemiology (Frøslev), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences (Molokhia), King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (Diemberger), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampiero Mazzaglia
- Department of Medical Informatics (Trifirò, de Ridder, Sultana, Oteri, Rijnbeek, Sturkenboom), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging (Trifirò), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Sultana), University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners (Pecchioli, Mazzaglia), Florence, Italy; PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research (Bezemer), Utrecht, Netherlands; Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH (Garbe, Schink), Bremen, Germany; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (Poluzzi), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Clinical Epidemiology (Frøslev), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences (Molokhia), King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (Diemberger), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Bezemer
- Department of Medical Informatics (Trifirò, de Ridder, Sultana, Oteri, Rijnbeek, Sturkenboom), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging (Trifirò), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Sultana), University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners (Pecchioli, Mazzaglia), Florence, Italy; PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research (Bezemer), Utrecht, Netherlands; Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH (Garbe, Schink), Bremen, Germany; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (Poluzzi), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Clinical Epidemiology (Frøslev), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences (Molokhia), King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (Diemberger), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Edeltraut Garbe
- Department of Medical Informatics (Trifirò, de Ridder, Sultana, Oteri, Rijnbeek, Sturkenboom), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging (Trifirò), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Sultana), University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners (Pecchioli, Mazzaglia), Florence, Italy; PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research (Bezemer), Utrecht, Netherlands; Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH (Garbe, Schink), Bremen, Germany; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (Poluzzi), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Clinical Epidemiology (Frøslev), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences (Molokhia), King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (Diemberger), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tania Schink
- Department of Medical Informatics (Trifirò, de Ridder, Sultana, Oteri, Rijnbeek, Sturkenboom), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging (Trifirò), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Sultana), University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners (Pecchioli, Mazzaglia), Florence, Italy; PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research (Bezemer), Utrecht, Netherlands; Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH (Garbe, Schink), Bremen, Germany; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (Poluzzi), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Clinical Epidemiology (Frøslev), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences (Molokhia), King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (Diemberger), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Poluzzi
- Department of Medical Informatics (Trifirò, de Ridder, Sultana, Oteri, Rijnbeek, Sturkenboom), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging (Trifirò), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Sultana), University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners (Pecchioli, Mazzaglia), Florence, Italy; PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research (Bezemer), Utrecht, Netherlands; Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH (Garbe, Schink), Bremen, Germany; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (Poluzzi), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Clinical Epidemiology (Frøslev), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences (Molokhia), King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (Diemberger), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Trine Frøslev
- Department of Medical Informatics (Trifirò, de Ridder, Sultana, Oteri, Rijnbeek, Sturkenboom), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging (Trifirò), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Sultana), University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners (Pecchioli, Mazzaglia), Florence, Italy; PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research (Bezemer), Utrecht, Netherlands; Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH (Garbe, Schink), Bremen, Germany; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (Poluzzi), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Clinical Epidemiology (Frøslev), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences (Molokhia), King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (Diemberger), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariam Molokhia
- Department of Medical Informatics (Trifirò, de Ridder, Sultana, Oteri, Rijnbeek, Sturkenboom), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging (Trifirò), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Sultana), University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners (Pecchioli, Mazzaglia), Florence, Italy; PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research (Bezemer), Utrecht, Netherlands; Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH (Garbe, Schink), Bremen, Germany; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (Poluzzi), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Clinical Epidemiology (Frøslev), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences (Molokhia), King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (Diemberger), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Igor Diemberger
- Department of Medical Informatics (Trifirò, de Ridder, Sultana, Oteri, Rijnbeek, Sturkenboom), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging (Trifirò), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Sultana), University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners (Pecchioli, Mazzaglia), Florence, Italy; PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research (Bezemer), Utrecht, Netherlands; Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH (Garbe, Schink), Bremen, Germany; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (Poluzzi), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Clinical Epidemiology (Frøslev), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences (Molokhia), King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (Diemberger), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Miriam C J M Sturkenboom
- Department of Medical Informatics (Trifirò, de Ridder, Sultana, Oteri, Rijnbeek, Sturkenboom), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging (Trifirò), and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Sultana), University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners (Pecchioli, Mazzaglia), Florence, Italy; PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research (Bezemer), Utrecht, Netherlands; Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH (Garbe, Schink), Bremen, Germany; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (Poluzzi), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Clinical Epidemiology (Frøslev), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences (Molokhia), King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (Diemberger), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Di Capua A, Sticozzi C, Brogi S, Brindisi M, Cappelli A, Sautebin L, Rossi A, Pace S, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Valacchi G, Giorgi G, Giordani A, Poce G, Biava M, Anzini M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of fluorinated 1,5-diarylpyrrole-3-alkoxyethyl ether derivatives as selective COX-2 inhibitors endowed with anti-inflammatory activity. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 109:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Dash R, Uddin MMN, Hosen SZ, Rahim ZB, Dinar AM, Kabir MSH, Sultan RA, Islam A, Hossain MK. Molecular docking analysis of known flavonoids as duel COX-2 inhibitors in the context of cancer. Bioinformation 2015; 11:543-9. [PMID: 26770028 PMCID: PMC4702032 DOI: 10.6026/97320630011543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) catalyzed synthesis of prostaglandin E2 and it associates with tumor growth, infiltration, and metastasis in preclinical experiments. Known inhibitors against COX-2 exhibit toxicity. Therefore, it is of interest to screen natural compounds like flavanoids against COX-2. Molecular docking using 12 known flavanoids against COX-2 by FlexX and of ArgusLab were performed. All compounds showed a favourable binding energy of >-10 KJ/mol in FlexX and > -8 kcal/mol in ArgusLab. However, this data requires in vitro and in vivo verification for further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Dash
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong-4000, Bangladesh
| | | | - S.M. Zahid Hosen
- Molecular Modeling & Drug Design Laboratory (MMDDL), Pharmacology Research
Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chittagong-4220, Bangladesh
| | - Zahed Bin Rahim
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong-4000, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Mansur Dinar
- Quality Control Operations, Square Pharmaceutical Ltd, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ramiz Ahmed Sultan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
| | - Ashekul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamrul Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
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14
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Macfarlane TV, Murchie P, Watson MC. Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug prescriptions and survival after the diagnosis of head and neck and oesophageal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 39:1015-22. [PMID: 26590503 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspirin and other NSAIDs are widely used as analgesics and the former is a preventative agent for vascular events. It is unclear whether their long-term use affects cancer risk. Data on the chemopreventative role of these drugs on the mortality in patients with upper aerodigestive tract cancer (UADT) are insufficient. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aspirin and other NSAIDs on survival in UADT cancer patients. METHODS An observational cohort study of patients with UADT cancer was undertaken using Primary Care Clinical Informatics Unit (PCCIU) database of electronic medical records in Scotland. Information was available on all prescriptions of aspirin and other NSAIDs before and after diagnosis. The main outcome measure was all-cause mortality. Cox regression was used for statistical data analysis. RESULTS There were 2392 patients diagnosed with UADT cancer between 1996 and 2010. Mean age of patients was 66 years (SD 12) and most were male (63%). Median survival in head and neck (HNC) patients was 94 months, while median survival in oesophageal cancer patients was 10 months. For HNC improved survival was observed with aspirin prescription (ever vs never hazard ratio (HR) 0.56 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.44, 0.71), there was no association with Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors (COX-2) prescriptions. Improved survival was observed with other NSAIDs prescription (ever vs never HR 0.74 95% CI 0.60, 0.90). For oesophageal cancer patients, improved survival was observed with aspirin prescriptions (ever vs never HR 0.54 95% CI 0.45, 0.64), COX-2 prescriptions (HR 0.78 95% CI 0.62, 0.98) and other NSAIDs (HR 0.67 95% CI 0.56, 0.80). CONCLUSIONS Aspirin and other NSAIDs prescriptions after diagnosis are associated with a reduced all-cause mortality in UADT cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Macfarlane
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen Dental School and Hospital, Cornhill Road, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZR, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter Murchie
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen Dental School and Hospital, Cornhill Road, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZR, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret C Watson
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen Dental School and Hospital, Cornhill Road, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZR, United Kingdom
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15
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Jiang HY, Huang TB, Xu L, Yu J, Wu Y, Geng J, Yao XD. Aspirin use and lung cancer risk: a possible relationship? Evidence from an updated meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122962. [PMID: 25849465 PMCID: PMC4388842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Growing evidence has emerged and controversial results reported on possible relationship between aspirin use and lung cancer risk. We, therefore, conducted this updated and comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate this issue, with focus on dose-risk and duration-risk relationships. Methods We searched electronic databases including PUBMED, EMBASE and Cochrane library to identify eligible studies. Relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for cohort studies, while odds ratio (OR) were employed for case-control studies. The random effects and fixed effects models were used for analyses. Results 18 studies were identified including 19835 lung cancer cases, which were eligible for inclusion in the present meta-analysis. Pooled data from case-control studies showed a significant inverse association between regular aspirin use and lung cancer risk. But for cohort studies, insignificant association was detected with little evidence of heterogeneity (RR: 1.05, 95%CI: 0.95 – 1.16; I2: 10.3%, p value: 0.351). In case-control studies, standard aspirin use (>325mg) was related to lower lung cancer incidence, compared with low-dose aspirin use (75–100mg). A similar trend was observed in cohort studies. Besides, when analysis was restricted to long time regular aspirin use (>5 years), insignificant results were reported in both cohort and case-control studies. Finally, regular aspirin use might result in higher reduction of non-small cell lung cancer incidence among men. Conclusions Our findings do not support the protective effect of regular aspirin use on lung cancer risk. Long time aspirin use, sex, dose and type of lung cancer might alter the effect of aspirin use on lung cancer risk. More well-designed studies are needed to further clarify these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-yan Jiang
- Electrocardiographic room, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-bao Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of respiratory medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Geng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-dong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Shebl FM, Hsing AW, Park Y, Hollenbeck AR, Chu LW, Meyer TE, Koshiol J. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use is associated with reduced risk of inflammation-associated cancers: NIH-AARP study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114633. [PMID: 25551641 PMCID: PMC4281259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation has been linked to cancers, and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been associated with reduced risk of several cancers. To further refine the magnitude of NSAID-related associations, in particular for cancers related to inflammation, such as alcohol-, infection-, obesity-, and smoking-related cancers, as well as for less common cancers, we evaluated the use of NSAIDs and cancer risk in a very large cohort. We used propensity scores to account for potential selection bias and hypothesized that NSAID use is associated with decreased cancer incidence. Methods We conducted a prospective study among 314,522 participants in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Individuals who completed the lifestyle questionnaire, which included NSAID use, in 1996–1997 were followed through 2006. Information on cancer incidence was ascertained by linking to cancer registries and vital status databases. Findings During 2,715,994 person-years of follow-up (median 10.1 person-years), there were 51,894 incident cancers. Compared with non-users of NSAIDs, individuals who reported use in the 12 months prior to interview had a significantly lower risk of all inflammation-related cancer, alcohol-related, infection-related, obesity-related, and smoking-related cancers [hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI)) 0.90 (0.87–0.93), 0.80 (0.74–0.85), 0.82 (0.78–0.87), 0.88 (0.84–0.92), and 0.88 (0.85–0.92) respectively)]. Conclusions After accounting for potential selection bias, our data showed an inverse association between NSAID use and alcohol-related, infection-related, obesity-related, and smoking-related cancers and support the hypothesis that inflammation is related to an increased risk of certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M. Shebl
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Human Health and Services, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ann W. Hsing
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Human Health and Services, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yikyung Park
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Human Health and Services, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Lisa W. Chu
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, United States of America
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Tamra E. Meyer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Human Health and Services, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Human Health and Services, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
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17
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Aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and the risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1852-9. [PMID: 25211662 PMCID: PMC4453731 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used as analgesics and preventative agents for vascular events. It is unclear whether their long-term use affects cancer risk. Data on the chemopreventative role of these drugs on the risk of the upper aerodigestive tract cancer (UADT) are insufficient and mostly refer to oesophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aspirin and other NSAIDs on the risk of UADT cancers. Methods: A nested case–control study using the Primary Care Clinical Informatics Unit (PCCIU) database. Conditional logistics regression was used for data analysis. Results: There were 2392 cases of UADT cancer diagnosed between 1996 and 2010 and 7165 age-, gender- and medical practice-matched controls from 131 general medical practices. Mean age of cases was 66 years (s.d. 12) and most were male (63%). Aspirin was prescribed in a quarter of cases and controls, COX-2 inhibitors in 4% of cases and 5% of controls and other NSAIDs in 33% of cases and 36% of controls. Aspirin prescription was associated with a nonsignificant risk reduction of cancer of UADT (adjusted OR=0.9, 95% CI=0.8, 1.0), head and neck (HN; adjusted OR=0.9, 95% CI=0.7, 1.1) or the oesophagus (adjusted OR=0.8, 95% CI=0.7, 1.0). Similar results were found for COX-2 inhibitors prescription. Prescription of other NSAIDs was associated with significantly reduced risk of cancer of UADT (adjusted OR=0.8, 95% CI=0.7, 0.9), HN (adjusted OR=0.8, 95% CI=0.7, 0.9) and the oesophagus (adjusted OR=0.8, 95% CI=0.7, 0.9). An increased volume of aspirin prescriptions was associated with a significant risk reduction (test for trend P<0.001). Conclusions: The decreased risk of cancer of the UADT associated with the use of non-COX-2 inhibitors, NSAIDs and long-term aspirin therapy warrants further exploration of the benefits vs risks of the use of these agents.
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Sticozzi C, Belmonte G, Cervellati F, Di Capua A, Maioli E, Cappelli A, Giordani A, Biava M, Anzini M, Valacchi G. Antiproliferative effect of two novel COX-2 inhibitors on human keratinocytes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:133-41. [PMID: 23454135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Selective COX-2 inhibitors (COXib) belonging to the class of diaryl heterocycles (e.g., celecoxib, rofecoxib, etc.), are devoid of the undesirable effects due to their capacity to inhibit selectively inducible (COX-2), responsible for inflammatory effects but not constitutive cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)(COX); responsible for cytoprotective effects on gastric mucosa. In addition, several reports have identified an increased risk of cardiovascular events associated with the use of COXib. We have developed a new series of anti-inflammatory agents (1,5-diarylpyrrole-3-alkoxyethyl esters and ethers). To evaluate the effect of two 1,5-diarylpyrrole-3-alkoxyethyl ethers, VA441 and VA428 (up to 100 μM), respectively, in comparison with two well known COXib, celecoxib and rofecoxib, on HaCaT cell (keratinocytes) proliferation and toxicity. Crucial molecules in cell cycle progression, i.e. NFκB and ERK as targets/mediators and cyclin D1 and p21 Cip1/Kip as final effectors were evaluated by Western blot, immunohystochemistry and q-PCR analysis. Both compounds, VA441 and VA428, showed a strong inhibition of cell proliferation, and did not exhibit cytotoxicity. The anti-proliferative effect was accompanied by a strong activation of ERK and induction of the cell cycle inhibitor p21. In addition, there was a clear inhibition of the transcription factor NF-κB and downregulation of cyclin D1, with enforced inhibition of the HaCaT cell cycle progression. These data suggest that compounds VA441 and VA428, along with their role in inhibiting COX-2 and inflammation, could have a possible therapeutic (topical and systemic) use against skin proliferative disorders, such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sticozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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Prediagnostic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and lung cancer survival in the VITAL study. J Thorac Oncol 2013; 7:1503-12. [PMID: 22982651 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e3182641bdc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation is important for lung oncogenesis. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been shown to improve colorectal cancer survival. However, few studies have examined the association in lung cancer patients. METHODS The VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) cohort includes Washington State residents, aged 50 to 76 years, who completed a baseline questionnaire between 2000 and 2002. Participants responded on the frequency and duration of use of individual NSAIDs in the previous 10 years. Subjects of this study were 785 members of the cohort, who were identified with incident lung cancer from baseline through 2007 through linkage to a population-based cancer registry. Participants were followed for lung cancer death through linkage to state records of death through 2009. Adjusted proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between NSAIDs and lung cancer death. RESULTS Five hundred and twenty-two participants (66%) died from lung cancer. Relative to nonuse, high (≥ 4 days/week and ≥ 4 years) prediagnostic use of regular-strength or low-dose aspirin (HR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.74-1.33 and HR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.67-1.17, respectively) or total nonaspirin NSAIDs (HR 1.20, 95% CI: 0.79-1.83) did not reduce lung cancer death. However, high use of ibuprofen was associated with a 62% increased risk of lung cancer death (HR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.01-2.58). CONCLUSIONS Long-term, prediagnostic NSAID use does not improve lung cancer survival overall. Use of ibuprofen may reduce survival from lung cancer. Our results underscore the need for further study of the mechanisms of action for individual NSAIDs with regard to cancer survival.
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Lim WY, Chuah KL, Eng P, Leong SS, Lim E, Lim TK, Ng A, Poh WT, Tee A, Teh M, Salim A, Seow A. Aspirin and non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and risk of lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2012; 77:246-51. [PMID: 22480996 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that aspirin and non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) have anti-carcinogenic properties, but their effect on lung cancer, in particular in never-smokers, is unclear. Information on past or current use of anti-inflammatory medication was obtained in 398 Chinese female primary lung cancer cases and 814 controls in a hospital-based study in Singapore. 65% of cases and 88% of controls were never-smokers. Controls were excluded if they had been admitted for conditions associated with aspirin or NSAID use (n=174). Regular aspirin use (twice a week or more, for a month or more) was associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.50, 95% confidence intervals [95%CI] 0.31-0.81 in non-smokers; OR 0.38, 95%CI 0.16-0.93 in smokers). Regular use of non-aspirin NSAID, paracetamol, steroid creams and steroid pills was uncommon and no association with lung cancer was detected. Our results suggest that aspirin consumption may reduce lung cancer risk in Asian women and are consistent with current understanding of the role of cyclooxygenase in lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yen Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, MD3, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore. wei-yen
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Zarghi A, Zebardast T, Hajighasemali F, Alipoor E, Daraie B, Hedayati M. Design and Synthesis of New 1,3-Benzdiazinan-4-one Derivatives as Selective Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) Inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2011; 345:257-64. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Aspirin and NSAID use and lung cancer risk: a pooled analysis in the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO). Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22:1709-20. [PMID: 21987079 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-011-9847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the hypothesis that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) lower lung cancer risk. METHODS We analysed pooled individual-level data from seven case-control and one cohort study in the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO). Relative risks for lung cancer associated with self-reported history of aspirin and other NSAID use were estimated within individual studies using logistic regression or proportional hazards models, adjusted for packyears of smoking, age, calendar period, ethnicity and education and were combined using random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 4,309 lung cancer cases (mean age at diagnosis 65 years, 45% adenocarcinoma and 22% squamous-cell carcinoma) and 58,301 non-cases/controls were included. Amongst controls, 34% had used NSAIDs in the past (81% of them used aspirin). After adjustment for negative confounding by smoking, ever-NSAID use (affirmative answer to the study-specific question on NSAID use) was associated with a 26% reduction (95% confidence interval 8 to 41%) in lung cancer risk in men, but not in women (3% increase (-11% to 30%)). In men, the association was stronger in current and former smokers, and for squamous-cell carcinoma than for adenocarcinomas, but there was no trend with duration of use. No differences were found in the effects on lung cancer risk of aspirin and non-aspirin NSAIDs. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from ILCCO suggests that NSAID use in men confers a modest protection for lung cancer, especially amongst ever-smokers. Additional investigation is needed regarding the possible effects of age, duration, dose and type of NSAID and whether effect modification by smoking status or sex exists.
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Xu J, Yin Z, Gao W, Liu L, Wang R, Huang P, Yin Y, Liu P, Yu R, Shu Y. Meta-analysis on the association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and lung cancer risk. Clin Lung Cancer 2011; 13:44-51. [PMID: 21813335 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), especially aspirin, have emerged as the most potential chemopreventive agents. However, epidemiologic studies reported a controversial association between NSAID use and lung cancer risk. We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the evidence for such relationship. METHODS Eligible studies were identified by searching the electronic literature PubMed, Medline, Embase, and ScienceDirect databases for relevant reports and bibliographies. Studies were included if they designed as cohort study, case-control study, or clinical trial on the NSAID exposure and lung cancer with sufficient raw data to analyzes. Relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) was used to evaluate the association between NSAIDs and lung cancer. Stratified analysis was also performed. RESULTS A total of 19 studies including 20,266 lung cancer cases met the inclusion criteria. To the effect of aspirin on lung cancer, the combined RR for cohort studies was 0.96 (95%confidence interval [CI]: 0.78-1.19) and OR for case-control studies was 0.87 (95%CI: 0.69-1.09). When restricted in exposure of aspirin use to 7 tablets per week, the OR was 0.80 (95%CI: 0.67-0.95). The summary risk estimates showed no significant association between non-aspirin NSAID or overall NSAID use and lung cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS Aspirin use with a dose of 7 tablets per week can significantly reduce lung cancer risk, whereas non-aspirin NSAIDs showed no chemopreventive value. Greater attention should be paid to identifying appropriate individuals for this new indication of aspirin and the optimal dose and duration as a chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Vinogradova Y, Coupland C, Hippisley-Cox J. Exposure to cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and risk of cancer: nested case-control studies. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:452-9. [PMID: 21750557 PMCID: PMC3172909 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitors are widely used as analgesics and it is unclear whether its long-term use affects cancer risk. METHODS A series of nested case-control studies using the QResearch primary care database. Associations of COX2 inhibitor use with risk of all cancers and 10 common site-specific cancers were estimated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for comorbidities, smoking status, socioeconomic status, and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin and statins. RESULTS A total of 88,125 cancers, diagnosed between 1998 and 2008, matched with up to five controls, were analysed. Use of COX2 inhibitors for more than a year was associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer (odds ratio (OR) 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.42) and haematological malignancies (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.12-1.69) and a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.63-0.92). There were no other significant associations. CONCLUSION Prolonged use of COX2 inhibitors was associated with an increased risk of breast and haematological cancers and decreased risk of colorectal cancer. These findings need to be confirmed using other data sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Vinogradova
- Division of Primary Care, 13th Floor, Tower Building, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Zarghi A, Javid FS, Ghodsi R, Dadrass OG, Daraei B, Hedayati M. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new 5,5-diarylhydantoin derivatives as selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Sci Pharm 2011; 79:449-60. [PMID: 21886896 PMCID: PMC3163375 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1104-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A new group of 5,5-diarylhydantoin derivatives bearing a methylsulfonyl COX-2 pharmacophore at the para position of the C-5 phenyl ring were designed and synthesized as selective COX-2 inhibitors. In vitro COX-1/COX-2 inhibition structure-activity relationships identified 5-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-5-phenyl-hydantoin (4) as a highly potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor (COX-2 IC(50) = 0.077 μM; selectivity index > 1298). It was more selective than the reference drug celecoxib (COX-2 IC(50) = 0.060 μM; selectivity index = 405). A molecular modeling study where 4 was docked in the binding site of COX-2 indicated that the p-MeSO(2) COX-2 pharmacophore group on the C-5 phenyl ring is oriented in the vicinity of the COX-2 secondary pocket. The results of this study showed that the type of substituent on the N-3 hydantoin ring substituent is important for COX-2 inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farin Sattary Javid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Ghodsi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Orkideh G. Dadrass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Daraei
- Department of Toxicology, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University (M.C), Tehran, Iran
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Brasky TM, Lampe JW, Slatore CG, White E. Use of glucosamine and chondroitin and lung cancer risk in the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) cohort. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22:1333-42. [PMID: 21706174 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-011-9806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation plays an important role in lung carcinogenesis. Epidemiologic studies have reported inverse associations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and lung cancer risk. Previously, we found that ever use of glucosamine and chondroitin, which have anti-inflammatory properties, were inversely associated with lung cancer risk. After an additional year of follow-up, we further examined the association including frequency/duration of use, interaction with factors associated with inflammation, and lung cancer histology. METHODS Participants were members of the VITamins And Lifestyle cohort. Adults, aged 50-76 years, who were residents of western Washington State, completed a baseline questionnaire in 2000-2002 (n = 76,904). Participants were queried on their use of glucosamine and chondroitin, over the 10 years prior to baseline, and categorized as nonuser, low use < 4 days/week or < 3 years, or high use ≥ 4 days/week and ≥ 3 years. Lung cancer cases (n = 808) were ascertained through linkage to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry. RESULTS High 10-year use of glucosamine [hazard ratio (HR), 0.77; 95% CI: 0.56-1.07; p trend = 0.04] but not chondroitin was associated with a reduction in lung cancer risk. The association with glucosamine was limited to adenocarcinoma (HR, 0.49; 95% CI: 0.27-0.90; p trend <0.01) and was not modified by NSAID use or smoking status. CONCLUSIONS Our results for glucosamine use are similar to the prior human studies of NSAID use and lung cancer, both in magnitude and the limitation of the association to adenocarcinoma. Unlike NSAIDs, glucosamine has no known adverse effects. Although confirmatory studies are needed, glucosamine is an attractive candidate for lung cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore M Brasky
- Cancer Prevention Unit, The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., M4-B402, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
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Oh SW, Myung SK, Park JY, Lee CM, Kwon HT. Aspirin use and risk for lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2011; 22:2456-2465. [PMID: 21385885 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspirin has received increasing attention owing to its potential as a chemopreventive agent against lung cancer. Previous observational studies have reported inconsistent findings on this issue. We investigated the association between aspirin use and risk for lung cancer by conducting a meta-analysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Relevant studies were identified by searching Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library to December 2009. We also reviewed relevant bibliographies from the retrieved articles. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed study quality. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. RESULTS Fifteen studies (six case-control studies and nine prospective cohort studies) were included in the final meta-analysis. When all studies were pooled, the odds ratio (OR) of aspirin use for lung cancer risk was 0.86 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76-0.98]. In subgroup meta-analyses, there was no association between aspirin use and lung cancer risk among cohort studies (relative risk, 0.97; 95% CI 0.87-1.08), while there was a significant association among case-control studies (OR, 0.74; 95% CI 0.57-0.99). In a subgroup meta-analysis by quality of study methodology, a significant protective effect of aspirin use on lung cancer was observed only among eight low-quality studies (OR, 0.82; 95% CI 0.68-0.99), but not among seven high-quality studies (OR, 0.90; 95% CI 0.76-1.07). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the findings of this meta-analysis support that there was no association between aspirin use and lung cancer risk. Our findings should be confirmed in future prospective cohort studies or randomized, controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-W Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul
| | - S-K Myung
- Cancer Epidemiology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang.
| | - J Y Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Kwangdong Oriental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - C M Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul
| | - H T Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Jacobs
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wang L, Quealy E, Gary BD, Reynolds RC, Piazza GA, Lü J. A novel sulindac derivative lacking cyclooxygenase-inhibitory activities suppresses carcinogenesis in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate model. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 3:885-95. [PMID: 20587701 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-09-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including sulindac are well documented to be highly effective for cancer chemoprevention. However, their cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibitory activities cause severe gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiovascular toxicities, limiting their chronic use. Recent studies suggest that COX-independent mechanisms may be responsible for the chemopreventive benefits of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and support the potential for the development of a novel generation of sulindac derivatives lacking COX inhibition for cancer chemoprevention. A prototypic sulindac derivative with a N,N-dimethylammonium substitution called sulindac sulfide amide (SSA) was recently identified to be devoid of COX-inhibitory activity yet displays much more potent tumor cell growth-inhibitory activity in vitro compared with sulindac sulfide. In this study, we investigated the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway as a potential target for its COX-independent antineoplastic mechanism and evaluated its chemopreventive efficacy against prostate carcinogenesis using the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate model. The results showed that SSA significantly suppressed the growth of human and mouse prostate cancer cells expressing AR in strong association with G(1) arrest, and decreased AR level and AR-dependent transactivation. Dietary SSA consumption dramatically attenuated prostatic growth and suppressed AR-dependent glandular epithelial lesion progression through repressing cell proliferation in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate mice, whereas it did not significantly affect neuroendocrine carcinoma growth. Overall, the results suggest that SSA may be a chemopreventive candidate against prostate glandular epithelial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, 55912, USA.
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Alonso A, Logroscino G, Jick SS, Hernán MA. Association of smoking with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis risk and survival in men and women: a prospective study. BMC Neurol 2010; 10:6. [PMID: 20074360 PMCID: PMC2820482 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-10-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous epidemiologic studies have examined the association of smoking with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) incidence, but their results have been inconsistent. Moreover, limited information exists on the association between smoking and survival in ALS patients. We evaluated the association of smoking with ALS incidence and survival in a population-based cohort. Methods We conducted a case-control study nested in the General Practice Research Database, a computerized clinical database in the United Kingdom. Cases were 1143 individuals with a diagnosis of ALS; 11,371 matched controls were selected among GPRD participants free of ALS. Predictors of survival were determined in the ALS cases. Smoking information was obtained from the computer database. Results Smoking was not associated with the risk of ALS in this population. The rate ratio (RR) of ALS comparing ever versus never smokers was 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80-1.34. In analysis stratified by gender, however, ever smoking was associated with ALS in women (RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.04-2.23) but not in men (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.53-1.06). Mortality was 71% after 2.1 average years of follow-up. Old age and female sex were associated with lower survival. Smoking was a predictor of mortality only in women. Comparing ever versus never smokers, RR (95% CI) of death was 1.31 (1.04-1.65) in women, and 0.90 (0.72-1.11) in men. Conclusion In this large population-based study, smoking was associated with ALS risk and worse survival in women but not in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Alonso
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Margulis AV, García Rodríguez LA, Hernández-Díaz S. Positive predictive value of computerized medical records for uncomplicated and complicated upper gastrointestinal ulcer. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2009; 18:900-9. [PMID: 19623573 DOI: 10.1002/pds.1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Computerized databases can be an efficient resource to study the epidemiology of peptic ulcer (PU) and upper gastrointestinal complications (UGIC) if we achieve a high positive predictive value (PPV) of outcome definitions. We assessed the PPV of diagnosis codes in THIN, a primary-care medical-record database, to ascertain individuals with uncomplicated PU, and to identify UGIC and Helicobacter pylori infection status (HPIS) among these patients. METHODS We identified: (1) patients with codes suggesting a first episode of uncomplicated PU; (2) episodes of UGIC among them. The computerized profiles with free-text comments of these individuals were reviewed and classified as definite, possible, or excluded cases. Dates and HPIS were also ascertained. For a sample of definite and possible PU, and for all UGIC cases, primary care physicians were sent a questionnaire for confirmation. RESULTS The 5296 individuals with codes suggesting PU were classified as definite (49%), possible (25%), and excluded (26%) cases. The PPV for definite/possible PU was 94% (99% for definite, 84% for possible cases). Of the questionnaires with information on HPIS (62%), the PPV and NPV were 100%. The 97 individuals with codes suggesting UGIC were classified as definite (48%), possible (27%), and excluded (22%) cases; the PPV for definite/possible was 95% (100% for definite, 88% for possible cases). Code dates were generally later than medical-record dates. CONCLUSION The identification of PU cases and their HPIS and UGIC requires careful review of the computerized clinical information with free-text comments. The validation of a sample is needed to confirm the accuracy of the diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea V Margulis
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Renard JF, Arslan D, Garbacki N, Pirotte B, de Leval X. Pyridine Analogues of Nimesulide: Design, Synthesis, and in Vitro and in Vivo Pharmacological Evaluation as Promising Cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5864-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900702b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Renard
- Drug Research Center (CIRM), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital 1, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Deniz Arslan
- Drug Research Center (CIRM), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital 1, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nancy Garbacki
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-R, University of Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital 3, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Drug Research Center (CIRM), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital 1, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Xavier de Leval
- Drug Research Center (CIRM), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital 1, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Abstract
Over the past decade, immune therapy has become a standard treatment for a variety of cancers. Monoclonal antibodies, immune adjuvants, and vaccines against oncogenic viruses are now well-established cancer therapies. Immune modulation is a principal element of supportive care for many high-dose chemotherapy regimens. In addition, immune activation is now appreciated as central to the therapeutic mechanism of bone marrow transplantation for hematologic malignancies. Advances in our understanding of the molecular interactions between tumors and the immune system have led to many novel investigational therapies and continue to inform efforts for devising more potent therapeutics. Novel approaches to immune-based cancer treatment strive to augment antitumor immune responses by expanding tumor-reactive T cells, providing exogenous immune-activating stimuli, and antagonizing regulatory pathways that induce immune tolerance. The future of immune therapy for cancer is likely to combine many of these approaches to generate more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dougan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Abstract
Aspirin has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer and--based on limited evidence--to cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, breast, ovary and lung. The role of aspirin on other cancers, such as pancreatic, prostate and bladder cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and myeloma is less clear, and an increase of risk has been suggested for kidney cancer. For most cancer sites, however, significant heterogeneity between studies, and particularly between study design, was found, with a reduction in risk generally stronger in case-control studies than in cohort ones.
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Xiao H, Yang CS. Combination regimen with statins and NSAIDs: A promising strategy for cancer chemoprevention. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:983-90. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zhang H, García Rodríguez LA, Hernández-Díaz S. Antibiotic use and the risk of lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:1308-15. [PMID: 18544646 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic use has been associated with an increased risk of cancer in epidemiologic studies. We evaluated the association between antibiotic use and the risk of primary lung cancer by conducting a prospective case-control study nested in a cohort of subjects who were 40 to 84 years old in 1995 to 2004, with at least 2 years of enrollment in The Health Improvement Network. There were 4,336 cases of primary lung cancer. A random sample of 10,000 controls was frequency matched to the cases for age, sex, and calendar year of diagnosis. Antibiotic exposure was measured by the total number of antibiotic prescriptions and the cumulative number of days on antibiotics since enrollment. We discounted exposure 1 year before the date of cancer diagnosis. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory infections, body mass index, and health care utilization were introduced in the model. Compared with subjects with no prescription of antibiotics before the index date, the crude RR of lung cancer was 2.52 (95% CI, 2.25-2.83) among those who received 10 or more prescriptions. The corresponding RR was 1.31 (95% CI, 1.10-1.57) upon adjustment for confounders. We used directed acyclic graphs to illustrate that the observed higher risk of lung cancer among antibiotic users may be due to the increased frequency of infections in patients with subclinical cancer and to shared causes between cancer and infections. Current evidence is insufficient to support or refute a carcinogenic effect of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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37
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Impact of cancers and cardiovascular diseases in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2008; 14:115-21. [DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0b013e3282f45ffb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Van Dyke AL, Cote ML, Prysak G, Claeys GB, Wenzlaff AS, Schwartz AG. Regular adult aspirin use decreases the risk of non-small cell lung cancer among women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:148-57. [PMID: 18187393 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies indicate that use of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is associated with a decreased risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, results have been contradictory in part because of variation in study design. Few studies have examined the use of aspirin or other NSAIDs on risk of NSCLC in women. METHODS Through a case-control study of African American and Caucasian women with and without NSCLC, we examined the relationship between use of aspirin, NSAIDs, and acetaminophen and risk of NSCLC. Risk was estimated by calculating odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for ever/never use, duration of use, and duration of use category (never, 1-5 years, >5 years) after adjusting for major risk factors for lung cancer. Risk estimates were stratified by race, age, smoking history, and body mass index. RESULTS Every use of adult-strength aspirin was associated with a significant reduction in risk of NSCLC (odds ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.94). Additionally, there was a significant trend toward a reduced risk of NSCLC in adult-strength aspirin users with increasing duration of use (P(trend) = 0.02). In stratified analyses, aspirin use was associated with a significantly reduced risk of lung cancer among Caucasians and 55- to 64-year-olds. Baby aspirin and NSAID use was associated with a significant reduction in risk of NSCLC only among 65- to 74-year-olds. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that long-term use of adult-strength aspirin may reduce the risk of NSCLC in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Van Dyke
- Cancer Biology Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Kelly JP, Coogan P, Strom BL, Rosenberg L. Lung cancer and regular use of aspirin and nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2008; 17:322-7. [DOI: 10.1002/pds.1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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40
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Abstract
We investigated the risk of lung cancer in relation to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) among 573 cases and 857 sex- and age-matched controls for whom we had information on use of NSAIDs, from a prescription database covering all pharmacies in Denmark since 1995, and self-reported NSAID use, smoking habits and other potential confounders. Associations were expressed as odds ratios, assessed by logistic regression in unmatched analyses. After controlling for smoking habits, length of education and concomitant use of acetaminophen, we found a slightly decreased relative risk of 0.86 (95% confidence intervals, 0.65–1.14) for lung cancer associated with any use of NSAIDs. The risk decreased significantly (P=0.02) with increasing numbers of dispensed prescriptions per year during the 1–3 years before the index date with a relative risk of 0.49 (0.28–0.84) among those with four or more prescriptions per year during this period. Our findings suggest that regular use of NSAIDs is associated with a slightly or moderately reduced risk for lung cancer.
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Vogel U, Christensen J, Wallin H, Friis S, Nexø BA, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Overvad K, Tjønneland A. Polymorphisms in genes involved in the inflammatory response and interaction with NSAID use or smoking in relation to lung cancer risk in a prospective study. Mutat Res 2007; 639:89-100. [PMID: 18164040 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer risk was investigated in relation to single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in the inflammatory response. The aim was to see if polymorphisms modifying the inflammatory response are associated with risk of lung cancer and if there were interactions between the same polymorphism and factors, which modify an inflammatory response, such as smoking status, duration, and intensity, and use of NSAID. The functional SNPs IL-1B T-31C, IL6 G-174C, IL8 T-251A, IL10 C-592T, COX2 C8473T, COX2 A-1195G and PPARgamma2 Pro(12)Ala were included. A case-cohort study including 428 lung cancer cases and a sub-cohort of 800 persons was nested within a population-based prospective study of 57,053 individuals. Variant allele carriers of IL-1B T-31C were at increased risk of lung cancer (IRR=1.51, 95% CI=1.08-2.12). There was interaction between the polymorphism COX-2 T8473C and smoking status. Thus, non-smoking variant allele carriers were at 5.75-fold (95% CI=1.25-26.43) higher risk of lung cancer than for homozygous wild type allele carriers. Lung cancer risk was similar for all genotype carriers among past and current smokers. There were, however, very few non-smoking lung cancer cases. There was interaction between IL-1B T-31C, COX-2 A-1195G and PPARgamma2 Pro(12)Ala and NSAID use in relation to lung cancer risk. For the two latter, NSAID use was only associated with a lower cancer risk among homozygous wild type allele carriers. p for interaction was 3 x 10(-6) for COX-2 A-1195G and 9 x 10(-5) for PPARgamma2 Pro(12)Ala. The results suggest that NSAID use may modify risk of lung cancer differently depending on the genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
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Feskanich D, Bain C, Chan AT, Pandeya N, Speizer FE, Colditz GA. Aspirin and lung cancer risk in a cohort study of women: dosage, duration and latency. Br J Cancer 2007; 97:1295-9. [PMID: 17895894 PMCID: PMC2360462 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin may reduce the risk of cancer at some sites but its effect at the lung is unclear. We prospectively examined associations between aspirin use and risk of lung cancer in 109,348 women in the Nurses' Health study from 1980 to 2004. During this time, 1,360 lung cancers were documented in participants 36-82 years of age. Aspirin use and smoking were assessed every 2 years. Risk of lung cancer was a non-significant 16% lower for regular aspirin users of one or two tablets per week and a significant 55% higher for users of 15 or more tablets per week compared with women who never regularly used aspirin. Results were similar when limited to never smokers. For both the low and high quantity aspirin users, risk of lung cancer did not decline or increase with longer durations of use, and associations attenuated as the latency period between aspirin assessment and lung cancer diagnosis was lengthened. Our findings, together with those from previous clinical trials and prospective studies, do not provide consistent evidence that aspirin influences the development of lung cancer and further investigation is required with adjustment for smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Feskanich
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Toh S, Rodríguez LAG, Hernández-Díaz S. Use of antidepressants and risk of lung cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2007; 18:1055-64. [PMID: 17682831 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-007-9045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of antidepressant use on lung cancer risk. METHODS We conducted a case-control study nested in a cohort of patients 40-84 year-old in 1995-2004, without a prior diagnosis of cancer using The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database in the UK. Cases comprised 4,336 patients with a first diagnosis of primary lung cancer. A sample of 10,000 controls was frequency-matched to the cases for age, sex, and the calendar year of diagnosis. The index date for exposure definition was one year before the diagnosis for cases and one year before a random date for controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use during the year preceding the index date with treatment duration of at least one year had an OR of 0.59 (95% CI 0.41, 0.86). The corresponding OR was 1.23 (95% CI 0.96, 1.58) for tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). CONCLUSIONS SSRI use did not increase the lung cancer risk and might be associated with a reduced risk. However, residual confounding might explain the apparent protective effect found for SSRI use, as well as the marginally elevated risk observed among TCA users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sengwee Toh
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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