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Yang H, Wang L. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans in cancer: Pathogenesis and therapeutic potential. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 157:251-291. [PMID: 36725112 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are glycoproteins that consist of a proteoglycan "core" protein and covalently attached heparan sulfate (HS) chain. HSPGs are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and secretory vesicles. Within HSPGs, the protein cores determine when and where HSPG expression takes place, and the HS chains mediate most of HSPG's biological roles through binding various protein ligands, including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and receptors, morphogens, proteases, protease inhibitors, and ECM proteins. Through these interactions, HSPGs modulate cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis to display essential functions in physiology and pathology. Under physiological conditions, the expression and localization of HSPGs are finely regulated to orchestrate their physiological functions, and this is disrupted in cancer. The HSPG dysregulation elicits multiple oncogenic signaling, including growth factor signaling, ECM and Integrin signaling, chemokine and immune signaling, cancer stem cell, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and senescence, to prompt cell transformation, proliferation, tumor invasion and metastasis, tumor angiogenesis and inflammation, and immunotolerance. These oncogenic roles make HSPGs an attractive pharmacological target for anti-cancer therapy. Several therapeutic strategies have been under development, including anti-HSPG antibodies, peptides and HS mimetics, synthetic xylosides, and heparinase inhibitors, and shown promising anti-cancer efficacy. Therefore, much progress has been made in this line of study. However, it needs to bear in mind that the roles of HSPGs in cancer can be either oncogenic or tumor-suppressive, depending on the HSPG and the cancer cell type with the underlying mechanisms that remain obscure. Further studies need to address these to fill the knowledge gap and rationalize more efficient therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Lianchun Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States; Bryd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
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2
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Shen X, Wang X. The function role and synergic effect of syndecan-1 for mifepristone in uterine leiomyoma. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:179-187. [PMID: 33927475 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study intends to investigate the regulation of syndecan-1 in human uterine leiomyoma cells. Human syndecan-1 levels were detected by Western blot in uterus leimyoma's tissue. The efficacy of syndecan-1 silencing on the cell proliferation, metalloproteinases and extracellular matrix were determined through Cell Counting Kit (CCK8) assay and Western blot assay, respectively. We compared the respective and combined effect of mifepristone and syndecan-1 on cell proliferation and the expression of metalloproteinases and extracellular matrix (ECM) in human uterine leiomyoma cells. The inhibitory effects of Syndecan-1 silencing on proliferation, ECM and Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) were observed in human uterine leiomyoma cells. Furthermore, syndecan-1 inhibition enhanced the effects of mifepristone against uterine leiomyoma cell proliferation. The expression of MMPs and ECM components in human uterine leiomyoma cells was decreased dramatically after syndecan-1 silencing, which was promoted after mifepristone treatment. Altogether, syndecan-1 silencing enhanced the efficacy of mifepristone on the uterine leiomyoma cell proliferation and ECM formation. Therefore, targeting syndecan-1 represents a novel therapeutic strategy to treat uterine leiomyoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226018 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Five Departments of Recuperation in Dalian Rehabilitation and Recuperation Center, No.30, Binhai West Road, Xigang District, Dalian City, 116013 Liaoning province China
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Teixeira FCOB, Götte M. Involvement of Syndecan-1 and Heparanase in Cancer and Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:97-135. [PMID: 32274708 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan Syndecan-1 acts as an important co-receptor for receptor tyrosine kinases and chemokine receptors, and as an adhesion receptor for structural glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. It serves as a substrate for heparanase, an endo-β-glucuronidase that degrades specific domains of heparan sulfate carbohydrate chains and thereby alters the functional status of the proteoglycan and of Syndecan-1-bound ligands. Syndecan-1 and heparanase show multiple levels of functional interactions, resulting in mutual regulation of their expression, processing, and activity. These interactions are of particular relevance in the context of inflammation and malignant disease. Studies in animal models have revealed a mechanistic role of Syndecan-1 and heparanase in the regulation of contact allergies, kidney inflammation, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. Moreover, functional interactions between Syndecan-1 and heparanase modulate virtually all steps of tumor progression as defined in the Hallmarks of Cancer. Due to their prognostic value in cancer, and their mechanistic involvement in tumor progression, Syndecan-1 and heparanase have emerged as important drug targets. Data in preclinical models and preclinical phase I/II studies have already yielded promising results that provide a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C O B Teixeira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.
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4
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Lewczuk Ł, Pryczynicz A, Guzińska-Ustymowicz K. Cell adhesion molecules in endometrial cancer - A systematic review. Adv Med Sci 2019; 64:423-429. [PMID: 31539810 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adhesive molecules are responsible for the cell-cell interaction and the surrounding intercellular environment creating normal tissue architecture. The role of adhesion proteins in cancer refers to angiogenesis, loss of tissue continuity, and deprivation of intercellular contact with the extracellular matrix, promoting the spread of cancer through the formation of metastases. The integrity of the epithelium is disturbed - with disturbances in the whole mechanism of cell connections, thanks to which cancer cells infiltrate surrounding tissues, and move to lymphatic and blood vessels. Adhesive molecules are divided into five main families: cadherin, catenins, integrins, the immunoglobulin superfamily and non-classical adhesion molecules. In the present review we describe the role of all five families of adhesive molecules in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Lewczuk
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Pryczynicz
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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5
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Jo H, Oh JH, Park DW, Lee C, Min CK. Oleanolic acid 3-acetate, a minor element of ginsenosides, induces apoptotic cell death in ovarian carcinoma and endometrial carcinoma cells via the involvement of a reactive oxygen species-independent mitochondrial pathway. J Ginseng Res 2018; 44:96-104. [PMID: 32095097 PMCID: PMC7033343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Oleanolic acid, a minor element of ginsenosides, and its derivatives have been shown to have cytotoxicity against some tumor cells. The impact of cytotoxic effect of oleanolic acid 3-acetate on ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells and endometrial cancer HEC-1A cells were examined both in vivo and in vitro to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods Cytotoxic effects of oleanolic acid 3-acetate were assessed by cell viability, phosphatidylserine exposure on the cell surface, mitochondrial release of cytochrome C, nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor, depolarization of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In vivo inhibition of tumor growth was also assessed with xenografts in immunocompromised mice. Results Oleanolic acid 3-acetate exhibited potent cytotoxicity toward SKOV3 and HEC-1A cells by decreasing cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Importantly, oleanolic acid 3-acetate effectively suppressed the growth of SKOV3 cell tumor xenografts in immunocompromised mice. Furthermore, oleanolic acid 3-acetate induced apoptotic cell death as revealed by loss of ΔΨm, release of cytochrome c, and nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor with a concomitant activation of many proapoptotic cellular components including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, Bcl-2, and caspases-8, caspase-3, and caspase-7. Oleanolic acid 3-acetate, however, caused a decrease in ROS production, suggesting the involvement of an ROS-independent pathway in oleanolic acid 3-acetate–induced apoptosis in SKOV3 and HEC-1A cells. Conclusion These findings support the notion that oleanolic acid 3-acetate could be used as a potent anticancer supplementary agent against ovarian and endometrial cancer. Oleanolic acid 3-acetate exerts its proapoptotic effects through a rather unique molecular mechanism that involves an unconventional ROS-independent but mitochondria-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantae Jo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Oh
- Oncology Business Unit, MSD-Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Park
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changho Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Churl K Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Comparison of Syndecan-1 Immunohistochemical Expression in Lobular and Ductal Breast Carcinoma with Nodal Metastases. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2018; 2018:9432375. [PMID: 30151336 PMCID: PMC6087611 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9432375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (Sdc1) is a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, an extracellular matrix receptor involved in intercellular communication, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This study determined and compared Sdc1 expression in the tumor cells and stroma of 30 invasive lobular and 30 invasive ductal breast carcinomas (ILCs/IDCs), also in the axillary node metastases of ductal type, and correlated it with clinical and tumor parameters. Sdc1 was expressed in the epithelium of 90% carcinoma of both histological types. Also, it was most frequently expressed in their tumor stroma, but in ILC, stromal expression was negative in 40%. Sdc1 was expressed in 86.7% of the metastatic epithelium of IDC nodal metastases (in even 50% as high expression), while the nodal stroma was negative in 46.7%. Primary IDC showed a negative correlation between epithelial Sdc1 and progesterone receptors (PRs), whereas ILC showed a positive correlation between stromal Sdc1 and histological gradus. In the metastatic epithelium, Sdc1 was negatively correlated with a patient's age, estrogen receptors (ERs), and PRs in the primary tumors, while the stroma of metastases demonstrated a positive correlation with the focus number in primary tumors and a negative correlation with PRs in primary tumors. This research revealed identical overall epithelial Sdc1 expression in both breast carcinomas with no statistically significant difference in its stromal expression and confirmed the role of Sdc1 in the progression of both tumor types and in the development of ductal carcinoma's metastatic potential.
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Szatmári T, Mundt F, Kumar-Singh A, Möbus L, Ötvös R, Hjerpe A, Dobra K. Molecular targets and signaling pathways regulated by nuclear translocation of syndecan-1. BMC Cell Biol 2017; 18:34. [PMID: 29216821 PMCID: PMC5721467 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-017-0150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1 is important for tumor cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle regulation in a broad spectrum of malignancies. Syndecan-1, however, also translocates to the cell nucleus, where it might regulate various molecular functions. Results We used a fibrosarcoma model to dissect the functions of syndecan-1 related to the nucleus and separate them from functions related to the cell-surface. Nuclear translocation of syndecan-1 hampered the proliferation of fibrosarcoma cells compared to the mutant lacking nuclear localization signal. The growth inhibitory effect of nuclear syndecan-1 was accompanied by significant accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase, which indicated a possible G1/S phase arrest. We implemented multiple, unsupervised global transcriptome and proteome profiling approaches and combined them with functional assays to disclose the molecular mechanisms that governed nuclear translocation and its related functions. We identified genes and pathways related to the nuclear compartment with network enrichment analysis of the transcriptome and proteome. The TGF-β pathway was activated by nuclear syndecan-1, and three genes were significantly altered with the deletion of nuclear localization signal: EGR-1 (early growth response 1), NEK11 (never-in-mitosis gene a-related kinase 11), and DOCK8 (dedicator of cytokinesis 8). These candidate genes were coupled to growth and cell-cycle regulation. Nuclear translocation of syndecan-1 influenced the activity of several other transcription factors, including E2F, NFκβ, and OCT-1. The transcripts and proteins affected by syndecan-1 showed a striking overlap in their corresponding biological processes. These processes were dominated by protein phosphorylation and post-translation modifications, indicative of alterations in intracellular signaling. In addition, we identified molecules involved in the known functions of syndecan-1, including extracellular matrix organization and transmembrane transport. Conclusion Collectively, abrogation of nuclear translocation of syndecan-1 resulted in a set of changes clustering in distinct patterns, which highlighted the functional importance of nuclear syndecan-1 in hampering cell proliferation and the cell cycle. This study emphasizes the importance of the localization of syndecan-1 when considering its effects on tumor cell fate. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12860-017-0150-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Szatmári
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Filip Mundt
- Division of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ashish Kumar-Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Möbus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rita Ötvös
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hjerpe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katalin Dobra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
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Szarvas T, Reis H, Vom Dorp F, Tschirdewahn S, Niedworok C, Nyirady P, Schmid KW, Rübben H, Kovalszky I. Soluble syndecan-1 (SDC1) serum level as an independent pre-operative predictor of cancer-specific survival in prostate cancer. Prostate 2016; 76:977-85. [PMID: 27062540 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PSA-screening detects many cases of clinically non-aggressive prostate cancer (PC) leading to significant overtreatment. Therefore, pre-operatively available prognostic biomarkers are needed to help therapy decisions. Syndecan-1 (SDC1) is a promising prognostic tissue marker in several cancers including PC but serum levels of shedded SDC1-ectodomain (sSDC1) have not been assessed in PC. METHODS A total of 150 patients with PC were included in this study (n = 99 serum samples, n = 103 paraffin-embedded samples (FFPE), n = 52 overlap). SDC1 protein expression and cellular localization was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC), while sSDC1 serum concentrations were measured by ELISA. Serum sSDC1 levels were compared to those of MMP7, which is known to be a protease involved in SDC1 ectodomain-shedding. Clinico-pathological and follow-up data were collected and correlated with SDC1 tissue and serum levels. Disease (PC)-specific (DSS) and overall-survival (OS) were primary endpoints. RESULTS Median follow-up was 167 months in the serum- and 146 months in the FFPE-group. SDC1-reactivity was higher in non-neoplastic prostate glands compared to PC. In addition, cytoplasmatic, but not membranous SDC1 expression was enhanced in PC patients with higher Gleason-score >6 PC (P = 0.016). Soluble SDC1-levels were higher in patients with Gleason-score >6 (P = 0.043) and metastatic disease (P = 0.022) as well as in patients with progressed disease treated with palliative transurethral resection (P = 0.002). In addition, sSDC1 levels were associated with higher MMP7 serum concentration (P = 0.005). In univariable analyses, only sSDC1-levels exhibited a trend to unfavorable DSS (P = 0.077). In a multivariable pre-operative model, high pre-operative sSDC1-level (>123 ng/ml) proved to be an independent marker of adverse OS (P = 0.048) and DSS (P = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS The present study does not confirm the prognostic relevance of SDC1-IHC. The significant higher sSDC1 serum levels in advanced cases of PC, suggest that SDC1 shedding might be involved in PC progression. Additionally, high sSDC1-level proved to be an independent factor of adverse OS and DSS in a multivariable pre-operative model, making evaluation of sSDC1-levels a promising tool for pre-operative risk-stratification and/or therapy monitoring. Prostate 76:977-985, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Szarvas
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henning Reis
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Vom Dorp
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Tschirdewahn
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Niedworok
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Nyirady
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kurt W Schmid
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Herbert Rübben
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- First Institute of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Boeddeker SJ, Baston-Buest DM, Fehm T, Kruessel J, Hess A. Decidualization and syndecan-1 knock down sensitize endometrial stromal cells to apoptosis induced by embryonic stimuli. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121103. [PMID: 25830352 PMCID: PMC4382340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryo invasion and implantation into the inner wall of the maternal uterus, the endometrium, is the pivotal process for a successful pregnancy. Whereas disruption of the endometrial epithelial layer was already correlated with the programmed cell death, the role of apoptosis of the subjacent endometrial stromal cells during implantation is indistinct. The aim was to clarify whether apoptosis plays a role in the stromal invasion and to characterize if the apoptotic susceptibility of endometrial stromal cells to embryonic stimuli is influenced by decidualization and Syndecan-1. Therefore, the immortalized human endometrial stromal cell line St-T1 was used to first generate a new cell line with a stable Syndecan-1 knock down (KdS1), and second to further decidualize the cells with progesterone. As a replacement for the ethically inapplicable embryo all cells were treated with the embryonic factors and secretion products interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β1 and anti-Fas antibody to mimic the embryo contact. Detection of apoptosis was verified via Caspase ELISAs, PARP cleavage and Annexin V staining. Apoptosis-related proteins were investigated via antibody arrays and underlying signaling pathways were analyzed by Western blot. Non-decidualized endometrial stromal cells showed a resistance towards apoptosis which was rescinded by decidualization and Syndecan-1 knock down independent of decidualization. This was correlated with an altered expression of several pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and connected to a higher activation of pro-survival Akt in non-differentiated St-T1 as an upstream mediator of apoptotis-related proteins. This study provides insight into the largely elusive process of implantation, proposing an important role for stromal cell apoptosis to successfully establish a pregnancy. The impact of Syndecan-1 in attenuating the apoptotic signal is particularly interesting in the light of an already described influence on pregnancy disorders and therefore might provide a useful clinical tool in the future to prevent pregnancy complications provoked by inadequate implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jean Boeddeker
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (UniKiD), Medical Center University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Dunja Maria Baston-Buest
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (UniKiD), Medical Center University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tanja Fehm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Kruessel
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (UniKiD), Medical Center University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Hess
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (UniKiD), Medical Center University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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10
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Boeddeker SJ, Hess AP. The role of apoptosis in human embryo implantation. J Reprod Immunol 2015; 108:114-22. [PMID: 25779030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The process of embryo attachment and invasion through the endometrial epithelial cells and subsequent implantation into the decidualized endometrial stroma is the groundbreaking step for the establishment of a successful pregnancy. Necessary prerequisites are a receptive endometrium, a good-quality embryo and a well-orchestrated molecular dialog between embryo and maternal endometrium. The embryo-maternal dialog is conducted via a wide scope of factors, including secreted cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in addition to the expression of corresponding receptors and co-receptors. Several embryonic proteins, including the aforementioned, are involved in the process of apoptosis, which necessarily needs to take place at the maternal endometrium to allow the embryo to invade. The endometrial epithelium is thereby disintegrated completely within a particular area, whereas the endometrial stroma seems to require a more depth-limited apoptosis. As of today, the exact mechanisms and factors mediating the apoptotic process involved in those apparently differently regulated incidents are not fully understood, particularly with regard to stromal cell apoptosis. There is evidence though, that cytokines and their respective receptors play a major role. A suggested important co-receptor for cytokines, which is highly upregulated in the receptive human endometrium, is the heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1. It is present on the cell surface and involved in the regulation of cell-cell-interaction, cell binding, cell signaling and cytoskeletal organization and therefore represents a possible mediator of apoptosis regulation in human endometrium. Herein, the literature on endometrial epithelial and stromal apoptosis in general, and in light of the influence of syndecan-1, is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Boeddeker
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and REI (UniKiD), Medical Faculty, Medical Center University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra P Hess
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and REI (UniKiD), Medical Faculty, Medical Center University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Zaragosi LE, Dadone B, Michiels JF, Marty M, Pedeutour F, Dani C, Bianchini L. Syndecan-1 regulates adipogenesis: new insights in dedifferentiated liposarcoma tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 2014; 36:32-40. [PMID: 25344834 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (SDC1/CD138) is one of the main cell surface proteoglycans and is involved in crucial biological processes. Only a few studies have analyzed the role of SDC1 in mesenchymal tumor pathogenesis. In particular, its involvement in adipose tissue tumors has never been investigated. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma, one of the most frequent types of malignant adipose tumors, has a high potential of recurrence and metastastic evolution. Classical chemotherapy is inefficient in metastatic dedifferentiated liposarcoma and novel biological markers are needed for improving its treatment. In this study, we have analyzed the expression of SDC1 in well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcomas and showed that SDC1 is highly overexpressed in dedifferentiated liposarcoma compared with normal adipose tissue and lipomas. Silencing of SDC1 in liposarcoma cells impaired cell viability and proliferation. Using the human multipotent adipose-derived stem cell model of human adipogenesis, we showed that SDC1 promotes proliferation of undifferentiated adipocyte progenitors and inhibits their adipogenic differentiation. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis that SDC1 might be involved in liposarcomagenesis. It might play a prominent role in the dedifferentiation process occurring when well-differentiated liposarcoma progress to dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Targeting SDC1 in these tumors might provide a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Emmanuelle Zaragosi
- Institute of Biology Valrose, UMR7277 CNRS/UMR1091 INSERM/University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06108 Nice, France, Present address: CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, University of Nice- Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Bérengère Dadone
- Department of Pathology, Nice University Hospital, 06202 Nice, France, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06107 Nice, France, Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, Nice University Hospital, 06107 Nice, France and
| | - Jean-François Michiels
- Department of Pathology, Nice University Hospital, 06202 Nice, France, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Marion Marty
- Department of Pathology, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Florence Pedeutour
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06107 Nice, France, Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, Nice University Hospital, 06107 Nice, France and
| | - Christian Dani
- Institute of Biology Valrose, UMR7277 CNRS/UMR1091 INSERM/University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Laurence Bianchini
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06107 Nice, France,
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Diagnostic and prognostic value of soluble syndecan-1 in pleural malignancies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:419853. [PMID: 25147801 PMCID: PMC4131558 DOI: 10.1155/2014/419853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background. The distinction between malignant and benign pleural effusions is a diagnostic challenge today and measuring soluble biomarkers could add to the diagnostic accuracy. Syndecan-1 is a proteoglycan involved in various cellular functions and is cleaved from the cell surface in a regulated manner. The shed fragment, which can be recovered in effusion supernatant and in serum, retains its binding capacities, but often with different functions and signalling properties than the cell-bound form. Aim. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of soluble syndecan-1 in pleural effusions and sera from patients with pleural malignancies. Study Design. Using two cohorts of patients, we assessed the diagnostic and prognostic value of soluble syndecan-1 in pleural effusions and sera, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results. In pleural effusions, syndecan-1 distinguished malignant and benign diseases, with an odds ratio of 8.59 (95% CI 3.67 to 20.09). Furthermore, syndecan-1 in pleural effusions predicted a survival difference for patients with pleural metastatic disease and malignant mesothelioma of 11.2 and 9.2 months, respectively. However, no such effects were seen when syndecan-1 was measured in serum. Conclusion. Soluble syndecan-1 is a promising candidate biomarker for the cytopathological diagnosis and prognostication of malignant pleural effusions.
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Interleukin-1α promotes extracellular shedding of syndecan-2 via induction of matrix metalloproteinase-7 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:487-92. [PMID: 24613844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan, syndecan-2, is known to play an important role in the tumorigenic activity of colon cancer cells. In addition, the extracellular domain of syndecan-2 is cleaved by matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) in various colon cancer cells, but factors involved in regulating this process remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate a role for interleukin-1α (IL-1α) in syndecan-2 shedding in colon cancer cells. Treatment of low metastatic (HT-29) and highly metastatic (HCT-116) colon cancer cells with various soluble growth factors and cytokines revealed that IL-1α specifically increased extracellular shedding of syndecan-2 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. IL-1α did not affect the expression of syndecan-2, but did significantly reduce its cell surface levels. Notably, IL-1α increased the mRNA expression and subsequent secreted levels of MMP-7 protein and enhanced the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases. Furthermore, increased syndecan-2 shedding was dependent on the mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated MMP-7 expression. Taken together, these data suggest that IL-1α regulates extracellular domain shedding of syndecan-2 through regulation of the MAP kinase-mediated MMP-7 expression in colon cancer cells.
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Sdc1 overexpression inhibits the p38 MAPK pathway and lessens fibrotic ventricular remodeling in MI rats. Inflammation 2014; 36:603-15. [PMID: 23264165 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the proteoglycan syndecan-1 (Sdc1) is increased in rats with myocardial infarction (MI). This study investigated the effects of Sdc1 overexpression on ventricular remodeling and cardiac function in MI and explored the possible mechanism through in vivo transfection of rats with recombinant adenovirus-carrying rat Sdc1 cDNA. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48) underwent intramyocardial injection in the marginal zone of the infarcted area immediately after ligation of the left anterior descending artery. The rats were divided into four groups according to the solution injected: MI Ad-GFP-Sdc1 transfection group, MI Ad-GFP control group, MI saline group, and sham operation group. Cardiac function and collagen expression of each group were examined, and the roles of inflammation, apoptosis, and p38 MAKP signal transduction pathway were investigated. Compared with the rats in the sham operation group, ventricular weight and collagen content increased in MI rats, and cardiac function declined. Substantial inflammatory cell infiltration was seen in the marginal zone of the infarction area, and a great number of myocardial cells were apoptotic. The p38 MAPK signaling pathway was clearly activated. Rats in the MI Ad-GFP-Sdc1 transfection group showed decreased ventricular weight, reduced collagen synthesis, and significant improvement of ventricular remodeling and cardiac function. Post-MI inflammatory cell infiltration and apoptosis was reduced, and the p38 MAPK signaling pathway was inhibited. Overexpression of Sdc1 can improve post-MI ventricular remodeling, and it is possible that the improvement is achieved through reducing apoptosis and suppressing inflammatory response and through the p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway.
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15
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Boeddeker SJ, Baston-Buest DM, Altergot-Ahmad O, Kruessel JS, Hess AP. Syndecan-1 knockdown in endometrial epithelial cells alters their apoptotic protein profile and enhances the inducibility of apoptosis. Mol Hum Reprod 2014; 20:567-78. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) play important roles in the normal physiology and in pathological states including inflammation and cancer. While much is known about the biosynthesis and biological activities of eicosanoids derived from ω6 PUFA, our understanding of the corresponding ω3 series lipid mediators is still rudimentary. The purpose of this review is not to offer a comprehensive summary of the literature on fatty acids in prostate cancer but rather to highlight some of the areas where key questions remain to be addressed. These include substrate preference and polymorphic variants of enzymes involved in the metabolism of PUFA, the relationship between de novo lipid synthesis and dietary lipid metabolism pathways, the contribution of cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases as well as terminal synthases and prostanoid receptors in prostate cancer, and the potential role of PUFA in angiogenesis and cell surface receptor signaling.
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Koeppel M, van Heeringen SJ, Kramer D, Smeenk L, Janssen-Megens E, Hartmann M, Stunnenberg HG, Lohrum M. Crosstalk between c-Jun and TAp73alpha/beta contributes to the apoptosis-survival balance. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:6069-85. [PMID: 21459846 PMCID: PMC3152320 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53-family member p73 plays a role in various cellular signaling pathways during development and growth control and it can have tumor suppressor properties. Several isoforms of p73 exist with considerable differences in their function. Whereas the functions of the N-terminal isoforms (TA and ΔNp73) and their opposing pro- and antiapoptotic roles have become evident, the functional differences of the distinct C-terminal splice forms of TAp73 have remained unclear. Here, we characterized the global genomic binding sites for TAp73α and TAp73β by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing as well as the transcriptional responses by performing RNA sequencing. We identified a specific p73 consensus binding motif and found a strong enrichment of AP1 motifs in close proximity to binding sites for TAp73α. These AP1 motif-containing target genes are selectively upregulated by TAp73α, while their mRNA expression is repressed upon TAp73β induction. We show that their expression is dependent on endogenous c-Jun and that recruitment of c-Jun to the respective AP1 sites was impaired upon TAp73β expression, in part due to downregulation of c-Jun. Several of these AP1-site containing TAp73α-induced genes impinge on apoptosis induction, suggesting an underlying molecular mechanism for the observed functional differences between TAp73α and TAp73β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Koeppel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Syndecan-1-dependent suppression of PDK1/Akt/bad signaling by docosahexaenoic acid induces apoptosis in prostate cancer. Neoplasia 2011; 12:826-36. [PMID: 20927321 DOI: 10.1593/neo.10586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that diets enriched in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) reduce the risk of prostate cancer, but biochemical mechanisms are unclear. Syndecan-1 (SDC-1), a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, supports the integrity of the epithelial compartment. In tumor cells of epithelial lineage, SDC-1 is generally downregulated. This may result in perturbation of homeostasis and lead to progression of malignancy. Our studies have shown that the n-3 PUFA species, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), increases SDC-1 expression in prostate tissues of Pten knockout (Pten(P-/-)) mice/cells and human prostate cancer cells. We have now determined that DHA-mediated up-regulation of SDC-1 induces apoptosis. Bovine serum albumin-bound DHA and exogenous human recombinant SDC-1 ecotodomain were delivered to PC3 and LNCaP cells in the presence or absence of SDC-1 small interfering (si)RNA. In the presence of control siRNA, both DHA and SDC-1 ectodomain induced apoptosis, whereas SDC-1 silencing blocked DHA-induced but not SDC-1 ectodomain-induced apoptosis. Downstream effectors of SDC-1 signaling linked to n-3 PUFA-induced apoptosis involved the 3'-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1)/Akt/Bad integrating network. A diet enriched in n-3 PUFA decreased phosphorylation of PDK1, Akt (T308), and Bad in prostates of Pten(P-/-) mice. Similar results were observed in human prostate cancer cells in response to DHA and SDC-1 ectodomain. The effect of DHA on PDK1/Akt/Bad signaling was abrogated by SDC-1 siRNA. These findings define a mechanism by which SDC-1-dependent suppression of phosphorylation of PDK1/Akt/Bad mediates n-3 PUFA-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer.
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Oh JH, Lee HS, Park SH, Ryu HS, Min CK. Syndecan-1 overexpression promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis in an endometrial cancer xenograft model. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2010; 20:751-6. [PMID: 20973264 DOI: 10.1111/igc.0b013e3181e02faa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Upregulation of syndecan-1, a member of the transmembranous proteoglycans that serves as a coreceptor for a wide pool of extracellular ligands, has been well documented in enabling the promotion of growth and invasion of endometrial cancer. As a step toward understanding a potential role for syndecan-1 in this process, we questioned whether syndecan-1 upregulates tumor-promoting characteristics, particularly, angiogenesis in an in vivo human xenograft tumor model. METHODS Human syndecan-1 was stably transfected into human endometrial adenocarcinoma 1A cells, and resulting transfectants were subcutaneously grafted into athymic mice; their outcomes were examined with respect to the enhancement of tumor growth and angiogenesis by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and zymography. RESULTS Overexpression of syndecan-1 promoted tumor growth concomitant with increased angiogenesis in tumor xenografts as evidenced by an increase in immunoreactivity for vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial cell marker CD34. Furthermore, zymographic studies revealed that syndecan-1 overexpression markedly enhanced activities of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9. CONCLUSIONS This is the first in vivo xenograft analysis providing evidence that supports that syndecan-1 has a critical role in carcinogenic progression, particularly, contributing to the development of angiogenesis and invasive phenotype in association with matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 activations in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyun Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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Kim H, Choi DS, Chang SJ, Han JH, Min CK, Chang KH, Ryu HS. The expression of syndecan-1 is related to the risk of endometrial hyperplasia progressing to endometrial carcinoma. J Gynecol Oncol 2010; 21:50-5. [PMID: 20379448 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2010.21.1.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2009] [Revised: 01/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aberrant expression of the cell surface proteoglycan, syndecan-1, is found in many malignancies. The current study describes the immunohistochemical study of syndecan-1 expression in normal, hyperplastic, and malignant endometrial tissues for evaluation of application as a parameter of cancer progression in patients with endometrial hyperplasia. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining of syndecan-1 was performed in 101 formalin fixed, paraffin embedded sections of normal, hyperplastic, and malignant endometrial tissues. We analyzed specimens from patients with normal endometrium (NE, N=10) as controls, and those of simple hyperplasia (SH, N=20), complex hyperplasia without atypia (CH, N=20), atypical hyperplasia (AH, N=20), and endometrial cancer (EC, N=31). RESULTS The mean rank of expression scores based on the frequency of syndecan-1 staining were 31.6, 20.5, 52.9, 72.1, and 62.1 for NE, SH, CH, AH and EC, respectively (p<0.001). Syndecan-1 expression was significantly greater in CH (p<0.001) or AH (p<0.001) than in SH, and significantly greater in AH compared to CH (p=0.028). Syndecan-1 is more frequently expressed in CH (p=0.042), AH (p<0.001), or EC (p=0.002) than in NE. Syndecan-1 expression did not differ significantly between NE and SH (p=0.248). CONCLUSION Syndecan-1 expression appears to be useful as a predictive indicator in endometrial hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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22
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Bologna-Molina R, González-González R, Mosqueda-Taylor A, Molina-Frechero N, Damián-Matsumura P, Dominguez-Malagón H. Expression of syndecan-1 in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid with extracapsular invasion. Arch Med Res 2010; 41:33-7. [PMID: 20430252 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) is a member of the family of transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans, which are involved in cell-cell adhesion and the interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix. Evidence suggests that loss of SDC-1 expression in several benign and malignant epithelial neoplasms is an unfavorable prognostic indicator, but its expression profile in thyroid gland neoplasms remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate SDC-1 expression in papillary carcinomas of the thyroid (PCT) that were both larger and smaller (papillary microcarcinoma) than 10mm, with or without extracapsular extension (PCT-E and PCT-NE). METHODS The expression of SDC-1 was studied in 62 cases of PCT-E and PCT-NE using a tissue microarrays technique (TMA). SDC-1 positivity was predominantly observed in the cytoplasm of neoplastic epithelial cells and in the stroma of PCT. RESULTS SDC-1 is expressed in both neoplastic epithelial cells and the stroma. It is more frequently expressed in PCT-E than PCT-NE (p=0.002) and the stromal expression of SDC-1 is more intense in PCT-E that are >10 mm (p=0.026). CONCLUSIONS The epithelial and stromal expression of SDC-1 observed in this series of PCT suggests that the expression of this protein may be related to extracapsular invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronell Bologna-Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Odontología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Mythreye K, Blobe GC. Proteoglycan signaling co-receptors: roles in cell adhesion, migration and invasion. Cell Signal 2009; 21:1548-58. [PMID: 19427900 PMCID: PMC2735586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Signaling co-receptors are diverse, multifunctional components of most major signaling pathways, with roles in mediating and regulating signaling in both physiological and pathophysiological circumstances. Many of these signaling co-receptors, including CD44, glypicans, neuropilins, syndecans and TssRIII/betaglycan are also proteoglycans. Like other co-receptors, these proteoglycan signaling co-receptors can bind multiple ligands, promoting the formation of receptor signaling complexes and regulating signaling at the cell surface. The proteoglycan signaling co-receptors can also function as structural molecules to regulate adhesion, cell migration, morphogenesis and differentiation. Through a balance of these signaling and structural roles, proteoglycan signaling co-receptors can have either tumor promoting or tumor suppressing functions. Defining the role and mechanism of action of these proteoglycan signaling co-receptors should enable more effective targeting of these co-receptors and their respective pathways for the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerard C. Blobe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27708
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27708
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Zong F, Fthenou E, Castro J, Péterfia B, Kovalszky I, Szilák L, Tzanakakis G, Dobra K. Effect of syndecan-1 overexpression on mesenchymal tumour cell proliferation with focus on different functional domains. Cell Prolif 2009; 43:29-40. [PMID: 19840029 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2009.00651.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Syndecan-1 is a transmembrane proteoglycan involved in various biological processes. Its extracellular, transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains may all participate in signal transduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological roles of these domains of syndecan-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS We transfected cells of two mesenchymal tumour cell lines with a full-length syndecan-1 construct and three truncated variants, namely 78 construct lacking the EC domain with exception of DRKE sequence; 77 construct lacking extracellular the whole domain and RMKKK corresponding to a short cytoplasmic motif. Subcellular distribution was revealed using confocal laser microscopy. Overexpression of the constructs was verified using real-time RT-PCR and by FACS analysis and effects of syndecan-1 on cell behaviour were explored. Cell cycle analysis allowed for dissection of mechanisms regulating cell proliferation. RESULTS Overexpression of syndecan-1 influenced expression profile of the other syndecan members, and decreased tumour cell proliferation significantly by two mechanisms, as follows: increased length of G0/G1 phase was the most evident change in RMKKK and 77 transfectants, whereas prolonged S phase was more obvious in full-length transfectants. Overexpression of syndecan-1 changed the tumour cell morphology in an epithelioid direction. CONCLUSIONS Both full-length and truncated syndecan-1 inhibited proliferation of the mesenchymal tumour cells, providing new insights into the importance for cancer growth of different functional domains of this proteoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Oh JH, Kim JH, Ahn HJ, Yoon JH, Yoo SC, Choi DS, Lee IS, Ryu HS, Min CK. Syndecan-1 enhances the endometrial cancer invasion by modulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression through nuclear factor κB. Gynecol Oncol 2009; 114:509-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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