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Sabljo K, Ischyropoulou M, Napp J, Alves F, Feldmann C. High-load nanoparticles with a chemotherapeutic SN-38/FdUMP drug cocktail. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:14853-14860. [PMID: 39034735 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01403k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
[Gd(OH)]2+[(SN-38)0.5(FdUMP)0.5]2- inorganic-organic hybrid nanoparticles (IOH-NPs) with a chemotherapeutic cocktail of ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38, active form of irinotecan) and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-phosphate (FdUMP, active form of 5'-fluoruracil), 40 nm in size, are prepared in water. The IOH-NPs contain a total drug load of 63 wt% with 33 wt% of SN-38 and 30 wt% of FdUMP. Cell-based assays show efficient cellular uptake and promising anti-tumour activity on two pancreatic cancer cell lines of murine origin (KPC, Panc02). Beside the high-load drug cocktail, especially the option to use SN-38, which - although 100- to 1000-times more potent than irinotecan - is usually unsuitable for systemic administration due to poor solubility, low stability, and high toxicity upon non-selective delivery. The [Gd(OH)]2+[(SN-38)0.5(FdUMP)0.5]2- IOH-NPs are a new concept to deliver a drug cocktail with SN-38 and FdUMP directly to the tumour, shielded in a nanoparticle, to reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sabljo
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Myrto Ischyropoulou
- University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Joanna Napp
- University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Alves
- University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Translational Molecular Imaging, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
- University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Clinic for Haematology and Medical Oncology, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Serras A, Faustino C, Pinheiro L. Functionalized Polymeric Micelles for Targeted Cancer Therapy: Steps from Conceptualization to Clinical Trials. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1047. [PMID: 39204392 PMCID: PMC11359152 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16081047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is still ranked among the top three causes of death in the 30- to 69-year-old age group in most countries and carries considerable societal and macroeconomic costs that differ depending on the cancer type, geography, and patient gender. Despite advances in several pharmacological approaches, the lack of stability and specificity, dose-related toxicity, and limited bioavailability of chemotherapy (standard therapy) pose major obstacles in cancer treatment, with multidrug resistance being a driving factor in chemotherapy failure. The past three decades have been the stage for intense research activity on the topic of nanomedicine, which has resulted in many nanotherapeutics with reduced toxicity, increased bioavailability, and improved pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy employing smart drug delivery systems (SDDSs). Polymeric micelles (PMs) have become an auspicious DDS for medicinal compounds, being used to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs that also exhibit substantial toxicity. Through preclinical animal testing, PMs improved pharmacokinetic profiles and increased efficacy, resulting in a higher safety profile for therapeutic drugs. This review focuses on PMs that are already in clinical trials, traveling the pathways from preclinical to clinical studies until introduction to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Célia Faustino
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Avenida Professor Gama PintoGama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.S.); (L.P.)
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Xiang J, Liu X, Yuan G, Zhang R, Zhou Q, Xie T, Shen Y. Nanomedicine from amphiphilizedprodrugs: Concept and clinical translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114027. [PMID: 34732344 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicines generally consisting of carrier materials with small fractions of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) have long been used to improve the pharmacokinetics and biodistributions, augment the therapeutic efficacies and mitigate the side effects. Amphiphilizing hydrophobic/hydrophilic drugs to prodrugs capable of self-assembly into well-defined nanostructures has emerged as a facile approach to fabricating nanomedicines because this amphiphilized prodrug (APD) strategy presents many advantages, including minimized use of inert carrier materials, well-characterized prodrug structures, fixed and high drug loading contents, 100% loading efficiency, and burst-free but controlled drug release. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in APDs and their nanomedicines, from the rationale and the stimuli-responsive linker chemistry for on-demand drug release to their progress to the clinics, clinical performance of APDs, as well as the challenges and perspective on future development.
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Nguyen A, Böttger R, Li SD. Recent trends in bioresponsive linker technologies of Prodrug-Based Self-Assembling nanomaterials. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120955. [PMID: 34130143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prodrugs are designed to improve pharmaceutical properties of potent compounds and represent a central approach in drug development. The success of the prodrug strategy relies on incorporation of a reversible linkage facilitating controlled release of the parent drug. While prodrug approaches enhance pharmacokinetic properties over their parent drug, they still face challenges in absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity (ADMET). Conjugating a drug to a carrier molecule such as a polymer can create an amphiphile that self-assembles into nanoparticles. These nanoparticles display prolonged blood circulation and passive targeting ability. Furthermore, the drug release can be tailored using a variety of linkers between the parent drug and the carrier molecule. In this review, we introduce the concept of self-assembling prodrugs and summarize different approaches for controlling the drug release with a focus on the linker technology. We also summarize recent clinical trials, discuss the emerging challenges, and provide our perspective on the utility and future potential of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Roland Böttger
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shyh-Dar Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Mi P, Miyata K, Kataoka K, Cabral H. Clinical Translation of Self‐Assembled Cancer Nanomedicines. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Mi
- Department of Radiology, Center for Medical Imaging, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University No. 17 People's South Road Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Kanjiro Miyata
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo 113‐8656 Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Institute for Future Initiatives The University of Tokyo 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo 113‐0033 Japan
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion 3‐25‐14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki‐ku Kawasaki 210‐0821 Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo 113‐8656 Japan
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The Treatment of Heterotopic Human Colon Xenograft Tumors in Mice with 5-Fluorouracil Attached to Magnetic Nanoparticles in Combination with Magnetic Hyperthermia Is More Efficient than Either Therapy Alone. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092562. [PMID: 32916798 PMCID: PMC7566013 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have shown promising features to be utilized in combinatorial magnetic hyperthermia and chemotherapy. Here, we assessed if a thermo-chemotherapeutic approach consisting of the intratumoral application of functionalized chitosan-coated MNPs (CS-MNPs) with 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and magnetic hyperthermia prospectively improves the treatment of colorectal cancer. With utilization of a human colorectal cancer (HT29) heterotopic tumor model in mice, we showed that the thermo-chemotherapeutic treatment is more efficient in inactivating colon cancer than either tumor treatments alone (i.e., magnetic hyperthermia vs. the presence of 5FU attached to MNPs). In particular, the thermo-chemotherapeutic treatment significantly (p < 0.01) impacts tumor volume and tumor cell proliferation (Ki67 expression, p < 0.001) compared to the single therapy modalities. The thermo-chemotherapeutic treatment: (a) affects DNA replication and repair as measured by H2AX and phosphorylated H2AX expression (p < 0.05 to 0.001), (b) it does not distinctly induce apoptosis nor necroptosis in target cells, since expression of p53, PARP cleaved-PARP, caspases and phosphorylated-RIP3 was non-conspicuous, (c) it renders tumor cells surviving therapy more sensitive to further therapy sessions as indicated by an increased expression of p53, reduced expression of NF-κB and HSPs, albeit by tendency with p > 0.05), and (d) that it impacts tumor vascularity (reduced expression of CD31 and αvβ3 integrin (p < 0.01 to 0.001) and consequently nutrient supply to tumors. We further hypothesize that tumor cells die, at least in parts, via a ROS dependent mechanism called oxeiptosis. Taken together, a very effective elimination of colon cancers seems to be feasible by utilization of repeated thermo-chemotherapeutic therapy sessions in the long-term.
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Yamano T, Kubo S, Tomita N. A patient-derived xenograft and a cell line derived from it form a useful preclinical model for small bowel adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3337-3343. [PMID: 32168428 PMCID: PMC7221307 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Basic and clinical studies on small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) are limited due to the rare nature of this cancer. We established a patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) model from the tumor tissue of an advanced SBA patient with liver and peritoneal metastasis, and a cell line from the PDX. In the PDX model, compared to the control group, 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) treatment resulted in statistically significant tumor growth inhibition (TGI), while oxaliplatin (OHP) and irinotecan had no significant inhibitory effects. In combination with 5‐FU, OHP showed the highest rate of TGI. The IC50 for OHP was significantly lower than those for paclitaxel, gemcitabine, and trifluorothymidine in the PDX‐derived cell line when compared to in HT29, a colon cancer cell line. Genetic analysis of the patient tumor, PDX tumor, and the cell line demonstrated consistency in the microsatellite status and mutations in TP53, APC, HRAS, CSF1R, FGFR3, FLT3, PDGFRA, and RET genes. However, the PDX tumor alone had additional mutations, indicating that the PDX‐derived cell line may support the unstable genetic status of the PDX. Our findings confirmed the effectiveness of the combination of OHP and 5‐FU, which is a common treatment for advanced SBA and advanced colorectal cancer, in a preclinical model. This preclinical model of SBA can help in further understanding the biology of SBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Yamano
- Division of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Shuji Kubo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Therapeutics, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Naohiro Tomita
- Division of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Arshad U, Sutton PA, Ashford MB, Treacher KE, Liptrott NJ, Rannard SP, Goldring CE, Owen A. Critical considerations for targeting colorectal liver metastases with nanotechnology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1588. [PMID: 31566913 PMCID: PMC7027529 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Half of all patients develop liver metastases, presenting unique challenges for their treatment. The shortcomings of conventional chemotherapy has encouraged the use of nanomedicines; the application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. In spite of technological improvements in nanotechnology, the complexity of biological systems hinders the prospect of nanomedicines being applied in cancer therapy at the present time. This review highlights current biological barriers and discusses aspects of tumor biology together with the physicochemical features of the nanocarrier, that need to be considered in order to develop effective nanotherapeutics for colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases. It becomes clear that incorporating an interdisciplinary approach when developing nanomedicines should assure appropriate disease-driven design and that this will form a critical step in improving their clinical translation. This article is characterized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Arshad
- Department of Molecular and Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Paul A. Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Marianne B. Ashford
- AstraZeneca, Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&DMacclesfieldUK
| | - Kevin E. Treacher
- AstraZeneca, Pharmaceutical Technology and DevelopmentMacclesfieldUK
| | - Neill J. Liptrott
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Steve P. Rannard
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Christopher E. Goldring
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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Salmanpour M, Yousefi G, Samani SM, Mohammadi S, Anbardar MH, Tamaddon A. Nanoparticulate delivery of irinotecan active metabolite (SN38) in murine colorectal carcinoma through conjugation to poly (2-ethyl 2-oxazoline)-b-poly (L-glutamic acid) double hydrophilic copolymer. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 136:104941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Depalo N, Fanizza E, Vischio F, Denora N, Laquintana V, Cutrignelli A, Striccoli M, Giannelli G, Agostiano A, Curri ML, Scavo MP. Imaging modification of colon carcinoma cells exposed to lipid based nanovectors for drug delivery: a scanning electron microscopy investigation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:21810-21825. [PMID: 35518842 PMCID: PMC9066453 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02381j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The adsorption at cell surfaces and cell internalization of two drug delivery lipid based nanovectors has been investigated by means of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) operating at low beam voltage on two different colon carcinoma cell lines, CaCo-2 and CoLo-205, that were compared with the M14 melanoma cell line, as a reference. The cells were incubated with the investigated multifunctional nanovectors, based on liposomes and magnetic micelles loaded with 5-fluorouracil, as a chemotherapeutic agent, and a FE-SEM systematic investigation was performed, enabling a detailed imaging of any morphological changes of the drug exposed cells as a function of time. The results of the FE-SEM investigation were validated by MTS assay and immunofluorescence staining of the Ki-67 protein performed on the investigated cell lines at different times. The two nanoformulations resulted in a comparable effect on CaCo-2 and M14 cell lines, while for CoLo 205 cells, the liposomes provided an cytotoxic activity higher than that observed in the case of the micelles. The study highlighted the high potential of FE-SEM as a valuable complementary technique for imaging and monitoring in time the drug effects on the selected cells exposed to the two different nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Depalo
- Institute for Physical-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fanizza
- Institute for Physical-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Chimica Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Fabio Vischio
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Chimica Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Institute for Physical-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scienze del Farmaco Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scienze del Farmaco Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Annalisa Cutrignelli
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scienze del Farmaco Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Marinella Striccoli
- Institute for Physical-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Personalized Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Gastroenterology - Research Hospital "S. De Bellis" Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte Bari Italy
| | - Angela Agostiano
- Institute for Physical-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Chimica Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Curri
- Institute for Physical-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Chimica Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Maria Principia Scavo
- Personalized Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Gastroenterology - Research Hospital "S. De Bellis" Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte Bari Italy
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Hamaguchi T, Tsuji A, Yamaguchi K, Takeda K, Uetake H, Esaki T, Amagai K, Sakai D, Baba H, Kimura M, Matsumura Y, Tsukamoto T. A phase II study of NK012, a polymeric micelle formulation of SN-38, in unresectable, metastatic or recurrent colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 82:1021-1029. [PMID: 30284603 PMCID: PMC6267673 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose NK012 is a polymeric micelle formulation of SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of NK012 in Japanese patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods We conducted a multicenter open-label phase II trial of NK012 monotherapy in 58 patients who had been treated with an oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy regimen (group A: 53 patients with UGT1A1 genotype –/–, *6/–, or *28/–; group B: 5 patients with UGT1A1 genotype *6/*28 or *6/*6). The primary endpoint was the response rate (RR). Initial doses of 28 and 18 mg/m2 for group A and group B, respectively, were administered intravenously over 30 min, and these doses were subsequently administered every 3 weeks. Group A was evaluated as the primary efficacy population, while group B was evaluated for reference. Results In group A, the RR was 3.8%, and the median progression-free survival and overall survival were 3.30 months and 15.03 months, respectively. In both groups, the most common grade ≥ 3 adverse drug reaction (ADR) was neutropenia and the incidence of grade ≥ 3 diarrhea was low or zero. In group A, 17 serious ADRs were observed in 10 patients (17%); all improved or recovered. In group B, no serious ADRs were observed. No treatment-related deaths were reported in either group. Conclusions NK012 monotherapy yielded an RR similar to the RR of irinotecan monotherapy that was reported in the phase III EPIC trial (4.2%), and the incidence of grade ≥ 3 diarrhea was low. Based on the incidence and severity of febrile neutropenia and grade ≥ 3 neutropenia, the initial dose of NK012 28 mg/m2 may be too high for colorectal cancer patients who have previously been treated with an oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hamaguchi
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterological Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Akihito Tsuji
- Division of Medical Oncology, Kochi Health Science Center, Kochi, Japan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine Cancer Center, Kagawa University Hospital, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy Center, Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Takeda
- Departmentof Medical Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Approved Specified Nonprofit Corporation West Japan Oncology Group, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uetake
- Department of Specialized Surgeries, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taito Esaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Medical Oncology, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Amagai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masami Kimura
- Department of Surgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Hitoyoshi Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsumura
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
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Chen M, Li W, Zhang X, Dong Y, Hua Y, Zhang H, Gao J, Zhao L, Li Y, Zheng A. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of SN-38 nanocrystals with different particle sizes. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5487-5500. [PMID: 28814865 PMCID: PMC5546766 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s133816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) is a potent broad-spectrum antitumor drug derived from irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11). Due to its poor solubility and instability of the active lactone ring, its clinical use is significantly limited. As one of the most promising formulations for poorly water-soluble drugs, nanocrystals have attracted increasing attention. In order to solve these problems and evaluate the antitumor effect of SN-38 in vitro and in vivo, two nanocrystals with markedly different particle sizes were prepared. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the two nanocrystals. The particle sizes of SN-38 nanocrystals A (SN-38/NCs-A) and SN-38 nanocrystals B (SN-38/NCs-B) were 229.5±1.99 and 799.2±14.44 nm, respectively. X-ray powder diffraction analysis showed that the crystalline state of SN-38 did not change in the size reduction process. An accelerated dissolution velocity of SN-38 was achieved by nanocrystals, and release rate of SN-38/NCs-A was significantly faster than that of SN-38/NCs-B. Cellular uptake, cellular cytotoxicity, pharmacokinetics, animal antitumor efficacy, and tissue distribution were subsequently examined. As a result, enhanced intracellular accumulation in HT1080 cells and cytotoxicity on different tumor cells were observed for SN-38/NCs-A compared to that for SN-38/NCs-B and solution. Besides, compared to the SN-38 solution, SN-38/NCs-A had a higher bioavailability after intravenous injection; while the bioavailability of SN-38/NCs-B was even lower than that of the SN-38 solution. SN-38/NCs-A exhibited a significant inhibition of tumor growth compared to SN-38 solution and SN-38/NCs-B in vivo. The antitumor effect of SN-38/NCs-B was stronger than SN-38 solution. The tissue distribution study in tumor-bearing mice showed that nanocrystals could markedly improve the drug accumulation in tumor tissue by the enhanced permeability and retention effect compared to SN-38 solution, and the amount of SN-38 in tumors of SN-38/NCs-A group was much more than that of SN-38/NCs-B group. In conclusion, nanocrystals dramatically enhanced the anticancer efficacy of SN-38 in vitro and in vivo, and the particle size had a significant influence on the dissolution behavior, pharmacokinetic properties, and tumor inhibition of nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology.,School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou
| | - Wanqing Li
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | - Ye Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | - Yabing Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | - Liang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | - Aiping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
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Jian YS, Chen CW, Lin CA, Yu HP, Lin HY, Liao MY, Wu SH, Lin YF, Lai PS. Hyaluronic acid-nimesulide conjugates as anticancer drugs against CD44-overexpressing HT-29 colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:2315-2333. [PMID: 28392690 PMCID: PMC5376212 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s120847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrier-mediated drug delivery systems are promising therapeutics for targeted delivery and improved efficacy and safety of potent cytotoxic drugs. Nimesulide is a multifactorial cyclooxygenase 2 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic, antipyretic and potent anticancer properties; however, the low solubility of nimesulide limits its applications. Drugs conjugated with hyaluronic acid (HA) are innovative carrier-mediated drug delivery systems characterized by CD44-mediated endocytosis of HA and intracellular drug release. In this study, hydrophobic nimesulide was conjugated to HA of two different molecular weights (360 kDa as HA with high molecular weight [HAH] and 43kDa as HA with low molecular weight [HAL]) to improve its tumor-targeting ability and hydrophilicity. Our results showed that hydrogenated nimesulide (N-[4-amino-2-phenoxyphenyl]methanesulfonamide) was successfully conjugated with both HA types by carbodiimide coupling and the degree of substitution of nimesulide was 1%, which was characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance 400 MHz and total correlation spectroscopy. Both Alexa Fluor® 647 labeled HAH and HAL could selectively accumulate in CD44-overexpressing HT-29 colorectal tumor area in vivo, as observed by in vivo imaging system. In the in vitro cytotoxic test, HA-nimesulide conjugate displayed >46% cell killing ability at a nimesulide concentration of 400 µM in HT-29 cells, whereas exiguous cytotoxic effects were observed on HCT-15 cells, indicating that HA-nimesulide causes cell death in CD44-overexpressing HT-29 cells. Regarding in vivo antitumor study, both HAL-nimesulide and HAH-nimesulide caused rapid tumor shrinkage within 3 days and successfully inhibited tumor growth, which reached 82.3% and 76.4% at day 24 through apoptotic mechanism in HT-29 xenografted mice, without noticeable morphologic differences in the liver or kidney, respectively. These results indicated that HA-nimesulide with improved selectivity through HA/CD44 receptor interactions has the potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and safety of nimesulide for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chih-An Lin
- PhD Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung
| | | | - Hua-Yang Lin
- Preclinical Development Research Department, Holy Stone Healthcare Co., Ltd., Taipei
| | | | | | | | - Ping-Shan Lai
- Department of Chemistry; PhD Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung; Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Burris HA, Infante JR, Anthony Greco F, Thompson DS, Barton JH, Bendell JC, Nambu Y, Watanabe N, Jones SF. A phase I dose escalation study of NK012, an SN-38 incorporating macromolecular polymeric micelle. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 77:1079-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-2986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical use of SN38 is limited by its poor aqueous solubility and hydrolysis of the lactone ring at pH > 6 to inactive carboxylate form. A variety of drug delivery systems have been developed to improve the solubility and stability of SN38, and reduce its toxicity. A few noteworthy formulations with some success in initial phases of clinical trials are reported. AREAS COVERED This work aims to provide a comprehensive review on the various techniques and strategies employed (physical, chemical and biological methods) to improve physicochemical properties and to deliver the drug efficiently to the cancer cells. Physical methods such as nanoparticle encapsulation, cyclodextrin complexation; chemical methods such as prodrugs, polymer-, albumin- and immunoconjugates; and enzyme activated prodrug therapy are discussed. EXPERT OPINION The challenges in SN38 drug delivery may be overcome by two ways: ensuring multiple layers of protection against degradation and slow but sustained release of therapeutically effective drug concentrations. It may also be achieved by preparing a polymer-drug conjugate and further encapsulating the conjugate in suitable carrier system; tumor-targeted SN38 delivery by using immunoconjugates, enzyme-activated prodrug therapy and antibody-directed nanoparticle delivery. However, selection of a suitable ligand for tumor targeting and use of safe and biocompatible nanoparticle systems play an important role in realizing this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinath Palakurthi
- a Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kingsville, TX 78363, USA +1 3612210748 ; +1 3612210793 ;
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzeng Min
- Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joseph M Caster
- Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Michael J Eblan
- Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Andrew Z Wang
- Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Progress of drug-loaded polymeric micelles into clinical studies. J Control Release 2014; 190:465-76. [PMID: 24993430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 612] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Targeting tumors with long-circulating nano-scaled carriers is a promising strategy for systemic cancer treatment. Compared with free small therapeutic agents, nanocarriers can selectively accumulate in solid tumors through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, which is characterized by leaky blood vessels and impaired lymphatic drainage in tumor tissues, and achieve superior therapeutic efficacy, while reducing side effects. In this way, drug-loaded polymeric micelles, i.e. self-assemblies of amphiphilic block copolymers consisting of a hydrophobic core as a drug reservoir and a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrophilic shell, have demonstrated outstanding features as tumor-targeted nanocarriers with high translational potential, and several micelle formulations are currently under clinical evaluation. This review summarizes recent efforts in the development of these polymeric micelles and their performance in human studies, as well as our recent progress in polymeric micelles for the delivery of nucleic acids and imaging.
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Abstract
It is expected that the incidence of various adverse effects of anticancer agents maybe decreased owing to the reduced drug distribution in normal tissue. Anticancer agent incorporating nanoparticles including micelles and liposomes can evade non-specific capture by the reticuloendothelial system because the outer shell of the nanoparticles is covered with polyethylene glycol. Consequently, the micellar and liposomal carrier can be delivered selectively to a tumor by utilizing the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Presently, several anticancer agent-incorporating nano-carrier systems are under preclinical and clinical evaluation. Several drug delivery system formulations have been approved worldwide. Regarding a pipeline of clinical development of anticancer agent incorporating micelle carrier system, several clinical trials are now underway not only in Japan but also in other countries. A Phase 3 trial of NK105, a paclitaxel incorporating micelle is now underway. In this paper, preclinical and clinical studies of NK105, NC-6004, cisplatin incorporating micelle, NC-6300, epirubicin incorporating micelle and the concept of cancer stromal targeting therapy using nanoparticles and monoclonal antibodies against cancer related stromal components are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Matsumura
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
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Marked antitumor effect of NK012, a SN-38-incorporating micelle formulation, in a newly developed mouse model of liver metastasis resulting from gastric cancer. Ther Deliv 2014; 5:129-38. [PMID: 24483192 DOI: 10.4155/tde.13.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer with liver metastasis (LM) is associated with poor prognosis due to rapid progression. It is, therefore, important to develop a quantitative and highly reproducible animal model of LM using human gastric cancer cells. METHODS Cells of a human gastric cancer cell line, HSC-57, were injected into the portal vein to produce LMs. Cells from some of these metastatic foci were expanded in vitro and subsequently implanted into the portal veins of mice. This procedure was repeated nine times. The antitumor effects of CPT-11 and NK012 were compared using the LM model. RESULTS The potent metastatic clone 57L9 was obtained. NK012 exerted a stronger antitumor effect than CPT-11 against 57L9 cells integrated with the luciferase gene (57L9Luc). The survival rates on day 131 in the 57L9Luc mouse model were 100% and 0% for the NK012 and CPT-11 groups, respectively. CONCLUSION This 57L9Luc LM model was found to be useful for monitoring the responses to NK012 and CPT-11.
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Yamamoto Y, Hyodo I, Takigahira M, Koga Y, Yasunaga M, Harada M, Hayashi T, Kato Y, Matsumura Y. Effect of combined treatment with the epirubicin-incorporating micelles (NC-6300) and 1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum (II)-incorporating micelles (NC-4016) on a human gastric cancer model. Int J Cancer 2013; 135:214-23. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Yamamoto
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics; Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East; Kashiwa Chiba Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Ichinosuke Hyodo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Misato Takigahira
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics; Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East; Kashiwa Chiba Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Koga
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics; Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East; Kashiwa Chiba Japan
| | - Masahiro Yasunaga
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics; Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East; Kashiwa Chiba Japan
| | | | | | - Yasuki Kato
- Research Division; NanoCarrier Co., Ltd; Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsumura
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics; Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East; Kashiwa Chiba Japan
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Hare JI, Neijzen RW, Anantha M, Dos Santos N, Harasym N, Webb MS, Allen TM, Bally MB, Waterhouse DN. Treatment of colorectal cancer using a combination of liposomal irinotecan (Irinophore C™) and 5-fluorouracil. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62349. [PMID: 23626804 PMCID: PMC3633892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the use of liposomal irinotecan (Irinophore C™) plus or minus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Experimental Design The effect of irinotecan (IRI) and/or 5-FU exposure times on cytotoxicity was assessed in vitro against HT-29 or LS174T human colon carcinoma cells. The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of Irinophore C™ (IrC™) and 5-FU, administered alone or in combination, were compared in vivo. A subcutaneous model of HT-29 human colorectal cancer in Rag2-M mice was utilized to assess the efficacy of IrC™ alone, and in combination with 5-FU. Results The cytotoxicity of IRI and 5-FU were strongly dependent on exposure time. Synergistic interactions were observed following prolonged exposure to IRI/5-FU combinations. Pharmacokinetics/biodistribution studies demonstrated that the 5-FU elimination rate was decreased significantly when 5-FU was co-administered intravenously with IrC™, versus alone. Significant decreases in 5-FU elimination were also observed in plasma, with an associated increase of 5-FU in some tissues when 5-FU was given by intraperitoneal injection and IrC™ was given intravenously. The elimination of IrC™ was not significantly different when administered alone or in combination with 5-FU. Therapeutic studies demonstrated that single agent IrC™ was significantly more effective than the combination of IRI/5-FU; surprisingly, IrC™/5-FU combinations were no more effective than IrC™ alone. The administration of combinations of 5-FU (16 mg/kg) and IrC™ (60 mg IRI/kg) showed increased toxicity when compared to IrC™ alone. Treatment with IrC™ alone (60 mg IRI/kg) delayed the time required for a 5-fold increase in initial tumor volume to day 49, compared to day 23 for controls. When IrC™ (40 mg IRI/kg) was used in combination with 5-FU (16 mg/kg), the time to increase tumor volume 5-fold was 43 days, which was comparable to that achieved when using IrC™ alone (40 mg IRI/kg). Conclusions Single agent IrC™ was well tolerated and has significant therapeutic potential. IrC™ may be a suitable replacement for IRI treatment, but its use with free 5-FU is complicated by IrC™-engendered changes in 5-FU pharmacokinetics/biodistribution which are associated with increased toxicity when using the combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer I. Hare
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Robert W. Neijzen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Malathi Anantha
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | - Murray S. Webb
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Theresa M. Allen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marcel B. Bally
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Dawn N. Waterhouse
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Cao P, Bae Y. Polymer nanoparticulate drug delivery and combination cancer therapy. Future Oncol 2012; 8:1471-80. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.12.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the scientific background, current achievement and future perspective of combination therapy using polymer nanoparticle drug carriers in cancer treatment. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery is expected to dramatically change combination cancer therapy by controlling accumulation and distribution patterns of multiple drugs selectively in disease sites. Rationally designed polymer materials can produce functional nanoparticulate drug carriers that can be used in various biomedical applications. In comparison with conventional drug combination approaches, using polymer nanoparticle drug carriers appears to suppress tumor growth more efficiently, potentially overcoming multidrug resistance in many cancers. It also provides versatile combination options for a variety of therapeutic agents, molecular targeting agents and nucleotide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiao Cao
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Younsoo Bae
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Gong J, Chen M, Zheng Y, Wang S, Wang Y. Polymeric micelles drug delivery system in oncology. J Control Release 2012; 159:312-23. [PMID: 22285551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles (PM) system, as an efficient drug carrier, has received growing scientific attention in recent years owing to its solubilization, selective targeting, P-glycoprotein inhibition and altered drug internalization route and subcellular localization properties. Seven PM formulations of anti-tumor drugs being evaluated in clinical trials are reviewed in this paper, in terms of formulation study, in vitro cytotoxicity, in vivo pharmacokinetics, anti-tumor efficacy and safety as well as clinical trials, to shed new light on the discovery of novel PM formulations. In these seven PM formulations, PM system was employed to overcome the issues of low water solubility, high toxicity and (or) multidrug resistance accompanied with the conventional formulation, which greatly hampered their clinical application. Those promising preclinical and clinical results combined with rapid advancement and intense multidisciplinary collaboration enable the extension of the PM system to traditional Chinese medicine, imaging agents, gene and combination agent deliveries as well as some other administration routes, which facilitate the clinical translation of the PM drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
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25
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Maak M, Nitsche U, Keller L, Wolf P, Sarr M, Thiebaud M, Rosenberg R, Langer R, Kleeff J, Friess H, Johannes L, Janssen KP. Tumor-specific targeting of pancreatic cancer with Shiga toxin B-subunit. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:1918-28. [PMID: 21788400 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic carcinoma is one of the most aggressive tumor entities, and standard chemotherapy provides only modest benefit. Therefore, specific targeting of pancreatic cancer for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention is of great interest. We have previously shown that the cellular receptor for Shiga toxin B (STxB), the glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb(3) or CD77) is strongly increased in colorectal adenocarcinoma and their metastases. Here, we report an upregulation of Gb(3) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (21 of 27 cases) as compared with matched normal tissue (n = 27). The mean expression was highly significantly increased from 30 ± 16 ng Gb(3)/mg tissue in normal pancreas to 61 ± 41 ng Gb(3)/mg tissue (mean ± SD, P = 0.0006), as evidenced by thin layer chromatography. Upregulation of Gb(3) levels did not depend on tumor stage or grading and showed no correlation with clinical outcome. Tumor cells and endothelial cells were identified as the source of increased Gb(3) expression by immunocytochemistry. Pancreatic cancer cell lines showed rapid intracellular uptake of STxB to the Golgi apparatus, following the retrograde pathway. The therapeutic application of STxB was tested by specific delivery of covalently coupled SN38, an active metabolite of the topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan. The cytotoxic effect of the STxB-SN38 compound in pancreatic cancer cell lines was increased more than 100-fold compared with irinotecan. Moreover, this effect was effectively blocked by competing incubation with nonlabeled STxB, showing the specificity of the targeting. Thus, STxB constitutes a promising new tool for specific targeting of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Maak
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Matsumura Y. Preclinical and clinical studies of NK012, an SN-38-incorporating polymeric micelles, which is designed based on EPR effect. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:184-92. [PMID: 20561951 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles are ideally suited to exploit the EPR effect, and they have been used for the delivery of a range of anticancer drugs in preclinical and clinical studies. NK012 is an SN-38-loaded polymeric micelle constructed in an aqueous milieu by the self-assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer, PEG-PGlu(SN-38). The antitumor activity was evaluated in several orthotopic tumor models including glioma, renal cancer, stomach cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Two independent phase I clinical trials were conducted in Japan and the USA. In the preclinical studies, it was demonstrated that NK012 exerted significantly more potent antitumor activity with no intestinal toxicity against various orthotopic human tumor xenografts than CPT-11. In clinical trials, predominant toxicity was neutropenia. Non-hematologic toxicity, especially diarrhea, was mostly Grade 1 or 2 during study treatments. Total 8 partial responses were obtained. According to data of preclinical studies, NK012 showing enhanced distribution with prolonged SN-38 release may be ideal for cancer treatment because the antitumor activity of SN-38 is time dependent. Clinical studies showed that NK012 was well tolerated and had antitumor activity including partial responses and several occurrences of prolonged stable disease across a variety of advanced refractory cancers. Phase II studies are ongoing in patients with colorectal cancer in Japan and in patients with triple negative breast cancer and small cell lung cancer in the USA.
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Roger E, Lagarce F, Benoit JP. Development and characterization of a novel lipid nanocapsule formulation of Sn38 for oral administration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 79:181-8. [PMID: 21303693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to encapsulate 7-Ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (Sn38) in lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) using phase inversion-based method in order to deliver Sn38 by oral route. LNCs were prepared by a low-energy emulsification method and were characterized for size, polydispersity index (PDI), surface charge, drug payload, in vitro drug release, and storage stability. Moreover, in view of an oral administration, in vitro stability in gastrointestinal fluid and permeability across Caco-2 cells were tested. Sn38-loaded LNCs with a mean particle size of 38±2 nm were obtained. The particles displayed a narrow size distribution and a drug payload of 0.40±0.07 mg/g of LNC dispersion. In vitro stability in simulated gastric and intestinal media was also observed. Finally, Sn38-loaded LNCs improved permeability of Sn38 across Caco-2 cells (5.69±0.87×10(6) cm s(-1) at 6h vs 0.31±0.02×10(6) cm s(-1)) and intracellular concentration compared with free Sn38. In conclusion, Sn38 nanocarriers have been developed and display a strong potential for oral administration.
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Harada Y, Yamamoto T, Sakai M, Saiki T, Kawano K, Maitani Y, Yokoyama M. Effects of organic solvents on drug incorporation into polymeric carriers and morphological analyses of drug-incorporated polymeric micelles. Int J Pharm 2011; 404:271-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Oerlemans C, Bult W, Bos M, Storm G, Nijsen JFW, Hennink WE. Polymeric micelles in anticancer therapy: targeting, imaging and triggered release. Pharm Res 2010; 27:2569-89. [PMID: 20725771 PMCID: PMC2982955 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Micelles are colloidal particles with a size around 5-100 nm which are currently under investigation as carriers for hydrophobic drugs in anticancer therapy. Currently, five micellar formulations for anticancer therapy are under clinical evaluation, of which Genexol-PM has been FDA approved for use in patients with breast cancer. Micelle-based drug delivery, however, can be improved in different ways. Targeting ligands can be attached to the micelles which specifically recognize and bind to receptors overexpressed in tumor cells, and chelation or incorporation of imaging moieties enables tracking micelles in vivo for biodistribution studies. Moreover, pH-, thermo-, ultrasound-, or light-sensitive block copolymers allow for controlled micelle dissociation and triggered drug release. The combination of these approaches will further improve specificity and efficacy of micelle-based drug delivery and brings the development of a 'magic bullet' a major step forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Oerlemans
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Kenmotsu H, Yasunaga M, Goto K, Nagano T, Kuroda JI, Koga Y, Takahashi A, Nishiwaki Y, Matsumura Y. The antitumor activity of NK012, an SN-38-incorporating micelle, in combination with bevacizumab against lung cancer xenografts. Cancer 2010; 116:4597-604. [PMID: 20572031 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that NK012, a novel 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38)-incorporating polymeric micelle, exerts significantly more potent antitumor activity against various human tumor xenografts than irinotecan (CPT-11) (a water-soluble prodrug of SN-38). Combination therapy of anticancer agents with bevacizumab (Bv), an anti-vascualr endothelial growth factor humanized monoclonal antibody, has more potently inhibited tumor growth than either agent alone. In the current study, the authors examined the antitumor effect of NK012 in combination with Bv against human lung cancer. METHODS Nude mice bearing lung adenocarcinoma (PC-14 or A549 xenografts) were administered NK012 at SN-38-equivalent doses of 5 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg in combination with or without Bv at 5 mg/kg. CPT-11 at a dose of 66.7 mg/kg was administered with or without Bv at a dose of 5 mg/kg in the same experimental model. To evaluate interaction with Bv, the pharmacokinetics and microvessel density in tumors that were treated on each regimen were analyzed. RESULT In vitro, the growth-inhibitory effect of NK012 was 50-fold more potent than that of CPT-11 and was almost equivalent to that of SN-38. In vivo studies revealed that the combination of NK012 plus Bv had significantly greater antitumor activity against human lung cancer xenografts compared with NK012 alone (PC-14, P=.0261; A549, P<.001). The pharmacokinetic profile of NK012 revealed that coadministration of Bv did not interfere with the accumulation of NK012. CONCLUSIONS In this study, significant antitumor activity was noted with NK012 in combination with Bv against lung cancer cells. The current results warrant the clinical evaluation of NK012 in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Kenmotsu
- Investigative Treatment Division, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa-City, Chiba, Japan
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Hamaguchi T, Doi T, Eguchi-Nakajima T, Kato K, Yamada Y, Shimada Y, Fuse N, Ohtsu A, Matsumoto SI, Takanashi M, Matsumura Y. Phase I Study of NK012, a Novel SN-38–Incorporating Micellar Nanoparticle, in Adult Patients with Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:5058-66. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Venditto VJ, Simanek EE. Cancer therapies utilizing the camptothecins: a review of the in vivo literature. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:307-49. [PMID: 20108971 DOI: 10.1021/mp900243b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the in vivo assessment-preliminary, preclinical, and clinical-of chemotherapeutics derived from camptothecin or a derivative. Camptothecin is a naturally occurring, pentacyclic quinoline alkaloid that possesses high cytotoxic activity in a variety of cell lines. Major limitations of the drug, including poor solubility and hydrolysis under physiological conditions, prevent full clinical utilization. Camptothecin remains at equilibrium in an active lactone form and inactive hydrolyzed carboxylate form. The active lactone binds to DNA topoisomerase I cleavage complex, believed to be the single site of activity. Binding inhibits DNA religation, resulting in apoptosis. A series of small molecule camptothecin derivatives have been developed that increase solubility, lactone stability and bioavailability to varying levels of success. A number of macromolecular agents have also been described wherein camptothecin(s) are covalently appended or noncovalently associated with the goal of improving solubility and lactone stability, while taking advantage of the tumor physiology to deliver larger doses of drug to the tumor with lower systemic toxicity. With the increasing interest in drug delivery and polymer therapeutics, additional constructs are anticipated. The goal of this review is to summarize the relevant literature for others interested in the field of camptothecin-based therapeutics, specifically in the context of biodistribution, dosing regimens, and pharmacokinetics with the desire of providing a useful source of comparative data. To this end, only constructs where in vivo data is available are reported. The review includes published reports in English through mid-2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J Venditto
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Yokoyama M. Polymeric micelles as a new drug carrier system and their required considerations for clinical trials. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:145-58. [PMID: 20095939 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903436479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD A polymeric micelle is a macromolecular assembly composed of an inner core and an outer shell, and most typically is formed from block copolymers. In the last two decades, polymeric micelles have been actively studied as a new type of drug carrier system, in particular for drug targeting of anticancer drugs to solid tumors. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW In this review, polymeric micelle drug carrier systems are discussed with a focus on toxicities of the polymeric micelle carrier systems and on pharmacological activities of the block copolymers. In the first section, the importance of the above-mentioned evaluation of these properties is explained, as this importance does not seem to be well recognized compared with the importance of targeting and enhanced pharmacological activity of drugs, particularly in the basic studies. Then, designs, types and classifications of the polymeric micelle system are briefly summarized and explained, followed by a detailed discussion regarding several examples of polymeric micelle carrier systems. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Readers will gain a strategy of drug delivery with polymeric carriers as well as recent progress of the polymeric micelle carrier systems in their basic studies and clinical trials. TAKE HOME MESSAGE The purpose of this review is to achieve tight connections between the basic studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Yokoyama
- Jikei University School of Medicine, Research Center for Medical Science, Medical Engineering Laboratory, 3-25-8, Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
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Nagano T, Yasunaga M, Goto K, Kenmotsu H, Koga Y, Kuroda JI, Nishimura Y, Sugino T, Nishiwaki Y, Matsumura Y. Synergistic antitumor activity of the SN-38-incorporating polymeric micelles NK012 with S-1 in a mouse model of non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:2699-706. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Kuroda JI, Kuratsu JI, Yasunaga M, Koga Y, Kenmotsu H, Sugino T, Matsumura Y. Antitumor Effect of NK012, a 7-Ethyl-10-Hydroxycamptothecin–Incorporating Polymeric Micelle, on U87MG Orthotopic Glioblastoma in Mice Compared with Irinotecan Hydrochloride in Combination with Bevacizumab. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:521-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-2393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Saito Y, Yasunaga M, Kuroda JI, Koga Y, Matsumura Y. Antitumour activity of NK012, SN-38-incorporating polymeric micelles, in hypovascular orthotopic pancreatic tumour. Eur J Cancer 2009; 46:650-8. [PMID: 20015633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Human pancreatic cancer is refractory to chemotherapy partly because of blockage to penetration of anticancer agents. This issue must be taken into account particularly for the drug delivery system (DDS). The aim of the present study is to investigate how NK012 (SN-38-incorporating polymeric micelles) categorised as DDS exerts its antitumour effect in an orthotopic pancreatic tumour model compared with gemcitabine and irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11), a low-molecular-weight prodrug of a 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN-38). The maximum tolerated doses (MTDs) of NK012 (30 mg/kg/d), CPT-11 (66.7 mg/kg/d) and gemcitabine (16.5mg/kg/d) were administered to mice bearing human pancreatic cancer cell (SUIT-2) xenografts implanted orthotopically. Antitumour effects of these compounds were evaluated. Drug distribution within the tumour was examined by fluorescence microscopy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). NK012 exerted potent antitumour effects compared with CPT-11 and gemcitabine. A high concentration of NK012 and SN-38 released from NK012 had been observed until 192h. On the other hand, SN-38 converted from CPT-11 was detected only 1h postinjection. Fluorescence from NK012 was detected up to 48h, whereas that from CPT-11 almost disappeared by 24h postinjection. NK012 appeared to exert potent antitumour activity against intractable stroma-rich orthotopic pancreatic tumour xenografts due to its sufficient accumulation followed by the effective sustained release of SN-38 from NK012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Saito
- Investigative Treatment Division, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
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Kawai M, Higuchi H, Takeda M, Kobayashi Y, Ohuchi N. Dynamics of different-sized solid-state nanocrystals as tracers for a drug-delivery system in the interstitium of a human tumor xenograft. Breast Cancer Res 2009; 11:R43. [PMID: 19575785 PMCID: PMC2750102 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent anticancer drugs have been made larger to pass selectively through tumor vessels and stay in the interstitium. Understanding drug movement in association with its size at the single-molecule level and estimating the time needed to reach the targeted organ is indispensable for optimizing drug delivery because single cell-targeted therapy is the ongoing paradigm. This report describes the tracking of single solid nanoparticles in tumor xenografts and the estimation of arrival time. METHODS Different-sized nanoparticles measuring 20, 40, and 100 nm were injected into the tail vein of the female Balb/c nu/nu mice bearing human breast cancer on their backs. The movements of the nanoparticles were visualized through the dorsal skin-fold chamber with the high-speed confocal microscopy that we manufactured. RESULTS An analysis of the particle trajectories revealed diffusion to be inversely related to the particle size and position in the tumor, whereas the velocity of the directed movement was related to the position. The difference in the velocity was the greatest for 40-nm particles in the perivascular to the intercellular region: difference = 5.8 nm/s. The arrival time of individual nanoparticles at tumor cells was simulated. The estimated times for the 20-, 40-, and 100-nm particles to reach the tumor cells were 158.0, 218.5, and 389.4 minutes, respectively, after extravasation. CONCLUSIONS This result suggests that the particle size can be individually designed for each goal. These data and methods are also important for understanding drug pharmacokinetics. Although this method may be subject to interference by surface molecules attached on the particles, it has the potential to elucidate the pharmacokinetics involved in constructing novel drug-delivery systems involving cell-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Kawai
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
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Nagano T, Yasunaga M, Goto K, Kenmotsu H, Koga Y, Kuroda JI, Nishimura Y, Sugino T, Nishiwaki Y, Matsumura Y. Antitumor Activity of NK012 Combined with Cisplatin against Small Cell Lung Cancer and Intestinal Mucosal Changes in Tumor-Bearing Mouse after Treatment. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:4348-55. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kuroda JI, Kuratsu JI, Yasunaga M, Koga Y, Saito Y, Matsumura Y. Potent antitumor effect of SN-38-incorporating polymeric micelle, NK012, against malignant glioma. Int J Cancer 2009; 124:2505-11. [PMID: 19189401 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recent published reports on clinical trials of CPT-11 indicate the effectiveness of this compound, a prodrug of SN-38, against malignant glioma in combination with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody. Here, we determined if NK012, and SN-38 incorporating micelle, can be an appropriate formulation for glioblastoma treatment compared with CPT-11. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated against several glioma lines with NK012, CPT-11, SN-38, ACNU, CDDP and etoposide. For the in vivo test, a human glioma line (U87MG) transfected with the luciferase gene was inoculated into nude mice brain for pharmacokinetic analysis by fluorescence microscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography after intravenous injection of NK012 and CPT-11. In vivo antitumor activity of NK012 and CPT-11 was evaluated by bioluminescence image and Kaplan-Meier analyses. The growth-inhibitory effects of NK012 were 34- to 444-fold more potent than those of CPT-11. Markedly enhanced and prolonged distribution of free SN-38 in the xenografts was observed after NK012 injection compared with CPT-11. NK012 showed significantly potent antitumor activity against an orthotopic glioblastoma multiforme xenograft and significantly longer survival rate than CPT-11 (p = 0.0014). This implies that NK012 can pass through the blood brain tumor barrier effectively. NK012, which combines enhanced distribution with prolonged sustained release, may be ideal for glioma treatment. Currently, a phase I study of NK012 is almost complete in Japan and the US. The present translational study warrants the clinical phase II study of NK012 in patients with malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichiro Kuroda
- Investigative Treatment Division, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
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Matsumura Y, Kataoka K. Preclinical and clinical studies of anticancer agent-incorporating polymer micelles. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:572-9. [PMID: 19462526 PMCID: PMC11158079 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 12/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The size of anticancer agent-incorporating micelles can be controlled within the diameter range of 20-100 nm to ensure that they do not penetrate normal vessel walls. With this development, it is expected that the incidence of drug-induced side-effects may be decreased owing to the reduced drug distribution in normal tissue. Micelle systems can also evade non-specific capture by the reticuloendothelial system because the outer shell of a micelle is covered with polyethylene glycol. Consequently, a polymer micelle carrier can be delivered selectively to a tumor by utilizing the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Moreover, a water-insoluble drug can be incorporated into polymer micelles. Presently, several anticancer agent-incorporating micelle carrier systems are under preclinical and clinical evaluation. Furthermore, nucleic acid-incorporating micelle carrier systems are also being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Matsumura
- Investigative Treatment Division, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8577, Japan.
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Kim J, Yoon HJ, Kim S, Wang K, Ishii T, Kim YR, Jang WD. Polymer–metal complex micelles for the combination of sustained drug releasing and photodynamic therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b904224e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Active targeting schemes for nanoparticle systems in cancer therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:1615-26. [PMID: 18840489 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1091] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to outline current major cancer targets for nanoparticle systems and give insight into the direction of the field. The major targeting strategies that have been used for the delivery of therapeutic or imaging agents to cancer have been broken into three sections. These sections are angiogenesis-associated targeting, targeting to uncontrolled cell proliferation markers, and tumor cell targeting. The targeting schemes explored for many of the reported nanoparticle systems suggest the great potential of targeted delivery to revolutionize cancer treatment.
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Nakajima TE, Yanagihara K, Takigahira M, Yasunaga M, Kato K, Hamaguchi T, Yamada Y, Shimada Y, Mihara K, Ochiya T, Matsumura Y. Antitumor effect of SN-38-releasing polymeric micelles, NK012, on spontaneous peritoneal metastases from orthotopic gastric cancer in mice compared with irinotecan. Cancer Res 2008; 68:9318-22. [PMID: 19010905 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
7-Ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN-38), an active metabolite of irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11), has potent antitumor activity. Moreover, we have reported the strong antitumor activity of NK012 (i.e., SN-38-releasing polymeric micelles) against human cancer xenografts compared with CPT-11. Here, we investigated the advantages of NK012 over CPT-11 treatment in mouse models of gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination. NK012 or CPT-11 was i.v. administered thrice every 4 days at their respective maximum tolerable doses (NK012, 30 mg/kg/day; CPT-11, 67 mg/kg/day) to mice receiving orthotopic transplants of gastric cancer cell lines (44As3Luc and 58As1mLuc) transfected with the luciferase gene (n = 5). Antitumor effect was evaluated using the photon counting technique. SN-38 concentration in gastric tumors and peritoneal nodules was examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 1, 24, and 72 hours after each drug injection. NK012 or CPT-11 distribution in these tumors was evaluated using a fluorescence microscope on the same schedule. In both models, the antitumor activity of NK012 was superior to that of CPT-11. High concentrations of SN-38 released from NK012 were detected in gastric tumors and peritoneal nodules up to 72 hours by HPLC. Only a slight conversion from CPT-11 to SN-38 was observed from 1 to 24 hours. Fluorescence originating from NK012 was detected up to 72 hours, whereas that from CPT-11 disappeared until 24 hours. NK012 also showed antitumor activity against peritoneal nodules. Thus, NK012 showing enhanced distribution with prolonged SN-38 release may be ideal for cancer treatment because the antitumor activity of SN-38 is time dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Eguchi Nakajima
- Investigative Treatment Division, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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Matsumura Y. Poly (amino acid) micelle nanocarriers in preclinical and clinical studies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:899-914. [PMID: 18406004 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles are expected to increase the accumulation of drugs in tumor tissues utilizing the EPR effect and to incorporate various kinds of drugs into the inner core by chemical conjugation or physical entrapment with relatively high stability. The size of the micelles can be controlled within the diameter range of 20 to 100 nm, to ensure that the micelles do not pass through normal vessel walls; therefore, a reduced incidence of the side effects of the drugs may be expected due to the decreased volume of distribution. These are several anticancer agent-incorporated micelle carrier systems under clinical evaluation. Phase 1 studies of a CDDP incorporated micelle, Nc-6004, and an sN-38 incorporated micelle, NK012, are now underway. A phase 2 study of a PTX incorporated micelle, NK105, against stomach cancer is also underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Matsumura
- Investigative Treatment Division, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa City, 277-8577 Japan
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