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Tzanakakis GN, Giatagana EM, Berdiaki A, Spyridaki I, Hida K, Neagu M, Tsatsakis AM, Nikitovic D. The Role of IGF/IGF-IR-Signaling and Extracellular Matrix Effectors in Bone Sarcoma Pathogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102478. [PMID: 34069554 PMCID: PMC8160938 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bone sarcomas are mesenchymal origin tumors. Bone sarcoma patients show a variable response or do not respond to chemotherapy. Notably, improving efficient chemotherapy approaches, dealing with chemoresistance, and preventing metastasis pose unmet challenges in sarcoma therapy. Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and -2) and their respective receptors are a multifactorial system that significantly contributes to bone sarcoma pathogenesis. Most clinical trials aiming at the IGF pathway have had limited success. Developing combinatorial strategies to enhance antitumor responses and better classify the patients that could best benefit from IGF-axis targeting therapies is in order. A plausible approach for developing a combinatorial strategy is to focus on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and processes executed therein. Herewith, we will discuss how the interplay between IGF-signaling and the TME constituents affects bone sarcomas’ basal functions and their response to therapy. Potential direct and adjunct therapeutical implications of the extracellular matrix (ECM) effectors will also be summarized. Abstract Bone sarcomas, mesenchymal origin tumors, represent a substantial group of varying neoplasms of a distinct entity. Bone sarcoma patients show a limited response or do not respond to chemotherapy. Notably, developing efficient chemotherapy approaches, dealing with chemoresistance, and preventing metastasis pose unmet challenges in sarcoma therapy. Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and -2) and their respective receptors are a multifactorial system that significantly contributes to bone sarcoma pathogenesis. Whereas failures have been registered in creating novel targeted therapeutics aiming at the IGF pathway, new agent development should continue, evaluating combinatorial strategies for enhancing antitumor responses and better classifying the patients that could best benefit from these therapies. A plausible approach for developing a combinatorial strategy is to focus on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and processes executed therein. Herewith, we will discuss how the interplay between IGF-signaling and the TME constituents affects sarcomas’ basal functions and their response to therapy. This review highlights key studies focusing on IGF signaling in bone sarcomas, specifically studies underscoring novel properties that make this system an attractive therapeutic target and identifies new relationships that may be exploited. Potential direct and adjunct therapeutical implications of the extracellular matrix (ECM) effectors will also be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N. Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.N.T.); (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (I.S.)
- Laboratory of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eirini-Maria Giatagana
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.N.T.); (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (I.S.)
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.N.T.); (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (I.S.)
| | - Ioanna Spyridaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.N.T.); (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (I.S.)
| | - Kyoko Hida
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan;
| | - Monica Neagu
- Department of Immunology, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.N.T.); (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Cao D, Lei Y, Ye Z, Zhao L, Wang H, Zhang J, He F, Huang L, Shi D, Liu Q, Ni N, Pakvasa M, Wagstaff W, Zhao X, Fu K, Tucker AB, Chen C, Reid RR, Haydon RC, Luu HH, He TC, Liao Z. Blockade of IGF/IGF-1R signaling axis with soluble IGF-1R mutants suppresses the cell proliferation and tumor growth of human osteosarcoma. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3248-3266. [PMID: 33163268 PMCID: PMC7642656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary bone tumor, also known as osteosarcoma (OS), is the most common primary malignancy of bone in children and young adults. Current treatment protocols yield a 5-year survival rate of near 70% although approximately 80% of patients have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. However, long-term survival rates have remained virtually unchanged for nearly four decades, largely due to our limited understanding of the disease process. One major signaling pathway that has been implicated in human OS tumorigenesis is the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling axis. IGF1R is a heterotetrameric α2β2 receptor, in which the α subunits comprise the ligand binding site, whereas the β subunits are transmembrane proteins containing intracellular tyrosine kinase domains. Although numerous strategies have been devised to target IGF/IGF1R axis, most of them have failed in clinical trials due to the lack of specificity and/or limited efficacy. Here, we investigated whether a more effective and specific blockade of IGF1R activity in human OS cells can be accomplished by employing dominant-negative IGF1R (dnIGF1R) mutants. We engineered the recombinant adenoviruses expressing two IGF1R mutants derived from the α (aa 1-524) and β (aa 741-936) subunits, and found that either dnIGF1Rα and/or dnIGF1Rβ effectively inhibited cell migration, colony formation, and cell cycle progression of human OS cells, which could be reversed by exogenous IGF1. Furthermore, dnIGF1Rα and/or dnIGF1Rβ inhibited OS xenograft tumor growth in vivo, with the greatest inhibition of tumor growth shown by dnIGF1Rα. Mechanistically, the dnIGF1R mutants down-regulated the expression of PI3K/AKT and RAS/RAF/MAPK, BCL2, Cyclin D1 and most EMT regulators, while up-regulating pro-apoptotic genes in human OS cells. Collectively, these findings strongly suggest that the dnIGF1R mutants, especially dnIGF1Rα, may be further developed as novel anticancer agents that target IGF signaling axis with high specificity and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigui Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital Affiliated with The University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing, China
| | - Yan Lei
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Zhenyu Ye
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and The School of Laboratory and Diagnostic Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Fang He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Deyao Shi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Spine Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Na Ni
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and The School of Laboratory and Diagnostic Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Mikhail Pakvasa
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - William Wagstaff
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Xia Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Kai Fu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Andrew B Tucker
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Connie Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Russell R Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Surgery Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Rex C Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Hue H Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhan Liao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha, China
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Sergi C, Shen F, Liu SM. Insulin/IGF-1R, SIRT1, and FOXOs Pathways-An Intriguing Interaction Platform for Bone and Osteosarcoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:93. [PMID: 30881341 PMCID: PMC6405434 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a substantial risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis (OA) and, probably, an essential substrate for the development of neoplastic disease of the bone, such as osteosarcoma, which is the most common malignant mesenchymal primary bone tumor. Genetic studies have established that the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT (Protein Kinase B) signal transduction pathway is involved across species, including nematodes, fruit flies, and mammals. SIRT1, a phylogenetically-conserved family of deacetylases, seems to play pleiotropic effects in epithelial malignancies of the liver and interact with the IGF-1/PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway. Some of the most critical processes in degenerative conditions may indeed include the insulin/IGF1R and SIRT1 signaling pathways as well as some specific transcription factors. The Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors (FOXOs) control diverse cellular functions, such as metabolism, longevity, and cell death. FOXOs play a critical role in the IGF-1/PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway. FOXOs can indeed be modulated to reduce age-related diseases. FOXOs have advantageous inhibitory effects on fibroblast and myofibroblast activation, which are accompanied by a subsequent excessive production of extracellular matrix. FOXOs can block or decrease the fibrosis levels in numerous organs. Previously, we observed a correlation between nuclear FOXO3 and high caspase-8 expression, which induces cellular apoptosis in response to harmful external stimuli. In this perspective, we emphasize the current advances and interactions involving the insulin/IGF1R, SIRT1, and FOXOs pathways in the bone and osteosarcoma for a better understanding of the mechanisms potentially underpinning tissue degeneration and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consolato Sergi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Consolato Sergi orcid.org/0000-0002-2779-7879
| | - Fan Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Song-Mei Liu
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Li YS, Liu Q, He HB, Luo W. The possible role of insulin-like growth factor-1 in osteosarcoma. Curr Probl Cancer 2018; 43:228-235. [PMID: 30217668 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common malignant tumor of bone, of which clear understanding of molecular pathologic process is not yet possible. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a hormone that plays vital role in development and function of many tissues. Unfortunately, IGF-1 and its receptor (IGF-1R)'s over-expression have been implicated in carcinogenesis, and indicated to constitute a risk factor for the development of multiple human cancers, including OS. Increased levels of IGF-1 and IGF-1R have been reported in OS, leading to cancer progression through transformation, proliferation, pro-metastasis, and decreased susceptibility to apoptosis. Over-expression of IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling also contributes to tumor cell survival, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. IGF-1 has been included as an OS marker recently, and targeting IGF-1 is an interesting and promising approach in OS therapeutics. However more investigations with clinical trials are necessary to validate the use of drugs against IGF-1 that may provide a basis for new therapeutic approaches to treat this devastating disease. This review article focused on the role of IGF-1/IGF-1R in OS progression and therapeutic aspects of OS targeting IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Hong-Bo He
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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Feng X, Lin J, Xing S, Liu W, Zhang G. Higher IGFBP-1 to IGF-1 serum ratio predicts unfavourable survival in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:90. [PMID: 28143425 PMCID: PMC5286734 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system plays an important role in the development and progression of cancer. However, little is known about the expression of the IGF system components and their clinicopathological significance and prognostic value in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods IGF system components (IGF-1, IGF-2, IGF-1SR, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-6) were quantified from the plasma of NPC patients and healthy individuals using the RayBio Human Cytokine Antibody Array. IGFBP-1 and IGF-1 mRNA levels were quantified by real-time qPCR, and protein expression was detected by western blot in nine NPC cell lines and four immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial (NPE) cell lines. Tissue-specific expression of IGFBP-1 and IGF-1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded NPC tissues. ELISA analysis was used to measure the serum levels of IGFBP-1 and IGF-1 in 142 NPC patients and 128 healthy controls and determine potential correlation with clinicopathological parameters. Results Significantly higher levels of circulating IGFBP-1 and lower levels of IGF-1 and IGF-2 were detected in NPC patients compared to healthy controls by Cytokine Antibody Array analyses (P = 0.034, 0.012, 0.046, respectively). IGFBP-1 expression was detected in the majority of NPC cell lines, but not in NPE cell lines, and was shown to localize to the nucleus of tumour cells, in contrast to the cytoplasmic staining observed in normal cells. Importantly, IGFBP-1 expression was stronger in NPC tumour tissues compared to peritumoural tissues. In contrast, IGF-1 expression was weak or absent in NPC and NPE cell lines, with the exception of the EBV-infected C666 cell line, and was found to be expressed at lower levels in tumour tissues compared to tumour-adjacent normal tissue. Levels of serum IGFBP-1 were shown to be significantly higher in patients with NPCs compared to healthy control individuals (55.23 ± 41.25 μg/L vs. 32.08 ± 29.73 μg/L, P < 0.001), whereas serum levels of IGF-1 were significantly lower in NPC patients compared to healthy controls (98.14 ± 71.48 μg/L vs. 164.01 ± 92.08 μg/L, P = 0.001). Consistently, the IGFBP-1/IGF-1 serum ratio was shown to be significantly higher in NPC patients compared to healthy control individuals (P = 0.002). Serum levels of IGFBP-1 and the IGFBP-1/IGF-1 ratio significantly correlated with age (P = 0.020; P = 0.016), WHO histological classification (P = 0.044; P = 0.048), titre of EA (EB Virus Capsid Antigen-IgA) and NPC (P = 0.015; P = 0.016). In contrast, higher IGFBP-1 serum levels and IGFBP-1/IGF-1 ratio significantly correlated with poor RFS (P = 0.046; P = 0.037) and OS (P = 0.038; P = 0.009). Multivariate analysis revealed that the IGFBP-1/IGF-1 ratio, but not serum IGFBP-1 level, represents an independent risk factor for poor RFS (P = 0.044) and OS (P = 0.035). Conclusions A higher IGFBP-1/IGF-1 serum ratio is significantly associated with poor prognosis in NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Feng
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Xing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Mirabello L, Koster R, Moriarity BS, Spector LG, Meltzer PS, Gary J, Machiela MJ, Pankratz N, Panagiotou OA, Largaespada D, Wang Z, Gastier-Foster JM, Gorlick R, Khanna C, de Toledo SRC, Petrilli AS, Patiño-Garcia A, Sierrasesúmaga L, Lecanda F, Andrulis IL, Wunder JS, Gokgoz N, Serra M, Hattinger C, Picci P, Scotlandi K, Flanagan AM, Tirabosco R, Amary MF, Halai D, Ballinger ML, Thomas DM, Davis S, Barkauskas DA, Marina N, Helman L, Otto GM, Becklin KL, Wolf NK, Weg MT, Tucker M, Wacholder S, Fraumeni JF, Caporaso NE, Boland JF, Hicks BD, Vogt A, Burdett L, Yeager M, Hoover RN, Chanock SJ, Savage SA. A Genome-Wide Scan Identifies Variants in NFIB Associated with Metastasis in Patients with Osteosarcoma. Cancer Discov 2015; 5:920-31. [PMID: 26084801 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with osteosarcoma, the most common pediatric bone malignancy. We conducted a multistage genome-wide association study of osteosarcoma metastasis at diagnosis in 935 osteosarcoma patients to determine whether germline genetic variation contributes to risk of metastasis. We identified an SNP, rs7034162, in NFIB significantly associated with metastasis in European osteosarcoma cases, as well as in cases of African and Brazilian ancestry (meta-analysis of all cases: P = 1.2 × 10(-9); OR, 2.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.83-3.24). The risk allele was significantly associated with lowered NFIB expression, which led to increased osteosarcoma cell migration, proliferation, and colony formation. In addition, a transposon screen in mice identified a significant proportion of osteosarcomas harboring inactivating insertions in Nfib and with lowered NFIB expression. These data suggest that germline genetic variation at rs7034162 is important in osteosarcoma metastasis and that NFIB is an osteosarcoma metastasis susceptibility gene. SIGNIFICANCE Metastasis at diagnosis in osteosarcoma is the leading cause of death in these patients. Here we show data that are supportive for the NFIB locus as associated with metastatic potential in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Roelof Koster
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Branden S Moriarity
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Logan G Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Paul S Meltzer
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joy Gary
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Orestis A Panagiotou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Julie M Gastier-Foster
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, and The Ohio State University Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York
| | - Chand Khanna
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Ana Patiño-Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis Sierrasesúmaga
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- University of Toronto, Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jay S Wunder
- University of Toronto, Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nalan Gokgoz
- University of Toronto, Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Massimo Serra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Hattinger
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Picci
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom. Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital National Health Service Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Tirabosco
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital National Health Service Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Fernanda Amary
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital National Health Service Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Dina Halai
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital National Health Service Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | | | - David M Thomas
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sean Davis
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Donald A Barkauskas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Neyssa Marina
- Stanford University and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California
| | - Lee Helman
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - George M Otto
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kelsie L Becklin
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Natalie K Wolf
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Madison T Weg
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Margaret Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sholom Wacholder
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joseph F Fraumeni
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joseph F Boland
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Belynda D Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Aurelie Vogt
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Laurie Burdett
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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NKD2, a negative regulator of Wnt signaling, suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in osteosarcoma. Oncogene 2015; 34:5069-79. [PMID: 25579177 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent pediatric malignant bone tumor that has a high propensity for metastases. Through osteoblast-specific alteration of p53 status, we developed a genetically engineered mouse model of localized and metastatic OS to gain an understanding into the molecular pathogenesis of OS. Microarray analysis of both localized tumors and metastatic tumors identified the downregulation of the naked cuticle homolog 2 (NKD2) gene, a negative regulator of Wnt signaling. Overexpression of NKD2 in metastatic human and mouse OS cells significantly decreases cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability in vitro and drastically diminishes OS tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, whereas downregulation enhances migratory and invasive potential. Evaluation of NKD2-overexpressing tumors revealed upregulation of tumor-suppressor genes and downregulation of molecules involved in blood vessel formation and cell migration. Furthermore, assessment of primary human OS revealed downregulation of NKD2 in metastatic and recurrent OS. Finally, we provide biological evidence that use of small-molecule inhibitors targeting the Wnt pathway can have therapeutic efficacy in decreasing metastatic properties in OS. Our studies provide compelling evidence that downregulation of NKD2 expression and alterations in associated regulated pathways have a significant role in driving OS tumor growth and metastasis.
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8
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Abstract
The six members of the family of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) were originally characterized as passive reservoirs of circulating IGFs, but they are now understood to have many actions beyond their endocrine role in IGF transport. IGFBPs also function in the pericellular and intracellular compartments to regulate cell growth and survival - they interact with many proteins, in addition to their canonical ligands IGF-I and IGF-II. Intranuclear roles of IGFBPs in transcriptional regulation, induction of apoptosis and DNA damage repair point to their intimate involvement in tumour development, progression and resistance to treatment. Tissue or circulating IGFBPs might also be useful as prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Baxter
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
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9
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Ford NA, Nunez NP, Holcomb VB, Hursting SD. IGF1 dependence of dietary energy balance effects on murine Met1 mammary tumor progression, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and chemokine expression. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:39-51. [PMID: 23152442 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Luminal breast tumors with little or no estrogen receptor α expression confer poor prognosis. Using the Met1 murine model of luminal breast cancer, we characterized the IGF1-dependency of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and calorie restriction (CR) effects on tumor growth, growth factor signaling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and chemokine expression. Liver-specific IGF1-deficient (LID) and littermate control (LC) mice were administered control, DIO, or 30% CR diets for 3 months before orthotopic injection of Met1 cells. Tumors grew for 1 month and then were assessed for Akt pathway activation and mRNA expression of chemokine and EMT constituents. LID mice, regardless of diet, displayed reduced Met1 tumor growth and downregulated Akt, EMT, and chemokine pathways. CR, relative to control, reduced serum IGF1 and Met1 tumor growth in LC (but not LID) mice. DIO, relative to control, increased Met1 tumor growth and chemokine expression in LID mice, and had no effect on serum IGF1 or pAkt or cyclin D1 expression in either genotype. Thus, circulating IGF1 (in association with Akt, EMT, and chemokines) regulated Met1 tumor growth. While the anticancer effects of CR were largely IGF1-dependent, the procancer effects of DIO manifested only when circulating IGF1 levels were low. Thus, in a murine model of luminal breast cancer, IGF1 and its downstream signaling pathway, EMT, and chemokines present possible mechanistic regulatory targets. Transplanted MMTV1 Wnt1 mammary tumor growth was also reduced in LID mice, relative to LC mice, suggesting that the IGF1 effects on mammary tumor growth are not limited to Met1 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki A Ford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas, Austin, 78722, USA
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10
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Ren L, Hong SH, Chen QR, Briggs J, Cassavaugh J, Srinivasan S, Lizardo MM, Mendoza A, Xia AY, Avadhani N, Khan J, Khanna C. Dysregulation of ezrin phosphorylation prevents metastasis and alters cellular metabolism in osteosarcoma. Cancer Res 2011; 72:1001-12. [PMID: 22147261 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ezrin links the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton where it plays a pivotal role in the metastatic progression of several human cancers; however, the precise mechanistic basis for its role remains unknown. Here, we define transitions between active (phosphorylated open) and inactive (dephosphorylated closed) forms of Ezrin that occur during metastatic progression in osteosarcoma. In our evaluation of these conformations we expressed C-terminal mutant forms of Ezrin that are open (phosphomimetic T567D) or closed (phosphodeficient T567A) and compared their biologic characteristics to full-length wild-type Ezrin in osteosarcoma cells. Unexpectedly, cells expressing open, active Ezrin could form neither primary orthotopic tumors nor lung metastases. In contrast, cells expressing closed, inactive Ezrin were also deficient in metastasis but were unaffected in their capacity for primary tumor growth. By imaging single metastatic cells in the lung, we found that cells expressing either open or closed Ezrin displayed increased levels of apoptosis early after their arrival in the lung. Gene expression analysis suggested dysregulation of genes that are functionally linked to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. In particular, cells expressing closed, inactive Ezrin exhibited reduced lactate production and basal or ATP-dependent oxygen consumption. Collectively, our results suggest that dynamic regulation of Ezrin phosphorylation at amino acid T567 that controls structural transitions of this protein plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and metastasis, possibly in part by altering cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ren
- Tumor and Metastasis Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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11
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Abstract
Appendicular osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary mesenchymal tumor arising from malignantly transformed osteoblasts. In people, OS is the most common nonhematopoietic, primary skeletal neoplasm diagnosed in adolescents and is the second leading cause of cancer-related fatalities within this age group. Despite aggressive therapeutic management, including limb-sparing surgeries and dose-intense systemic chemotherapies, 30-40% of patients will experience progressive metastatic disease within 5 years of diagnosis. In order to reduce the fatality rate associated with recurrent or metastatic OS, a more thorough understanding of OS pathogenesis and biology is required. Towards this pursuit, comparative animal models of OS have been developed and are actively being studied to expand our fundamental understanding of OS. It is anticipated that specific animal models of OS, which most accurately recapitulate the natural disease process in people, will be most useful for advancing our understanding of OS biology, and will facilitate the discovery of disease pathogenesis and the identification of novel therapeutic strategies for managing this lethal metastatic bone sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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12
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Osteosarcomagenesis: modeling cancer initiation in the mouse. Sarcoma 2011; 2011:694136. [PMID: 21403899 PMCID: PMC3043296 DOI: 10.1155/2011/694136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma remains a deadly malignancy afflicting adolescents and young adults. The lack of a precursor and the panoply of genetic aberrations present in identified osteosarcomas makes study of its initiation difficult. A number of candidate hypotheses have been tested in the mouse, a species with a higher background incidence of osteosarcoma. Chemical carcinogens, external beam radiation, and bone-seeking heavy metal radioisotopes have all proven to be osteosarcomagenic in wild-type mice. A number of oncogenes, introduced via integrating viruses or aberrantly activated from heritable genetic loci, participate in and can individually drive osteosarcomagenesis. Germline and conditional gene ablations in the form of some but not all aneuploidy-inducing genes, conventional tumor suppressors, and factors that function normally in mesenchymal differentiation have also proven osteosarcomagenic, especially in combinations that silence the Rb1 and p53 pathways. This paper reviews the rich history of mouse models of osteosarcomagenesis, what they have taught us about the human disease, and what future mouse experiments yet promise to teach.
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13
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Clayton PE, Banerjee I, Murray PG, Renehan AG. Growth hormone, the insulin-like growth factor axis, insulin and cancer risk. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2011; 7:11-24. [PMID: 20956999 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2010.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and insulin have potent growth-promoting and anabolic actions. Their potential involvement in tumor promotion and progression has been of concern for several decades. The evidence that GH, IGF-I and insulin can promote and contribute to cancer progression comes from various sources, including transgenic and knockout mouse models and animal and human cell lines derived from cancers. Assessments of the GH-IGF axis in healthy individuals followed up to assess cancer incidence provide direct evidence of this risk; raised IGF-I levels in blood are associated with a slightly increased risk of some cancers. Studies of human diseases characterized by excess growth factor secretion or treated with growth factors have produced reassuring data, with no notable increases in de novo cancers in children treated with GH. Although follow-up for the vast majority of these children does not yet extend beyond young adulthood, a slight increase in cancers in those with long-standing excess GH secretion (as seen in patients with acromegaly) and no overall increase in cancer with insulin treatment, have been observed. Nevertheless, long-term surveillance for cancer incidence in all populations exposed to increased levels of GH is vitally important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Clayton
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
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14
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2010; 22:117-26. [PMID: 20068414 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e32833539b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Hancock H, Dreher MR, Crawford N, Pollock CB, Shih J, Wood BJ, Hunter K, Frenkel V. Evaluation of pulsed high intensity focused ultrasound exposures on metastasis in a murine model. Clin Exp Metastasis 2009; 26:729-38. [PMID: 19517258 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-009-9272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) may be employed in two ways: continuous exposures for thermal ablation of tissue (> 60 degrees C), and pulsed-exposures for non-ablative effects, including low temperature hyperthermia (37-45 degrees C), and non thermal effects (e.g. acoustic cavitation and radiation forces). Pulsed-HIFU effects may enhance the tissue's permeability for improved delivery of drugs and genes, for example, by opening up gaps between cells in the vasculature and parenchyma. Inducing these effects may improve local targeting of therapeutic agents, however; concerns exist that pulsed exposures could theoretically also facilitate dissemination of tumor cells and exacerbate metastases. In the present study, the influence of pulsed-HIFU exposures on increasing metastatic burden was evaluated in a murine model with metastatic breast cancer. A preliminary study was carried out to validate the model and determine optimal timing for treatment and growth of lung metastases. Next, the effect of pulsed-HIFU on the metastatic burden was evaluated using quantitative image processing of whole-lung histological sections. Compared to untreated controls (2/15), a greater number of mice treated with pulsed-HIFU were found to have lungs "overgrown" with metastases (7/15), where individual metastases grew together such that they could not accurately be counted. Furthermore, area fraction of lung metastases (area of metastases/area of lungs) was approximately 30% greater in mice treated with pulsed-HIFU; however, these differences were not statistically significant. The present study details the development of an animal model for investigating the influence of interventional techniques or exposures (such as pulsed HIFU) on metastatic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Hancock
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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