1
|
Aanniz T, Bouyahya A, Balahbib A, El Kadri K, Khalid A, Makeen HA, Alhazmi HA, El Omari N, Zaid Y, Wong RSY, Yeo CI, Goh BH, Bakrim S. Natural bioactive compounds targeting DNA methyltransferase enzymes in cancer: Mechanisms insights and efficiencies. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 392:110907. [PMID: 38395253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression is fundamental to health and life and is essentially carried out at the promoter region of the DNA of each gene. Depending on the molecular context, this region may be accessible or non-accessible (possibility of integration of RNA polymerase or not at this region). Among enzymes that control this process, DNA methyltransferase enzymes (DNMTs), are responsible for DNA demethylation at the CpG islands, particularly at the promoter regions, to regulate transcription. The aberrant activity of these enzymes, i.e. their abnormal expression or activity, can result in the repression or overactivation of gene expression. Consequently, this can generate cellular dysregulation leading to instability and tumor development. Several reports highlighted the involvement of DNMTs in human cancers. The inhibition or activation of DNMTs is a promising therapeutic approach in many human cancers. In the present work, we provide a comprehensive and critical summary of natural bioactive molecules as primary inhibitors of DNMTs in human cancers. The active compounds hold the potential to be developed as anti-cancer epidrugs targeting DNMTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Aanniz
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Rabat Medical & Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, B.P, 6203, Morocco.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, 10106, Morocco.
| | - Abdelaali Balahbib
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Errachidia, Errachidia, Morocco.
| | - Kawtar El Kadri
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Errachidia, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, P.O. Box: 2424, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan.
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Tetouan, Tetouan, Morocco.
| | - Younes Zaid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Rebecca Shin-Yee Wong
- Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Medical Education, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Chien Ing Yeo
- Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Saad Bakrim
- Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology and Innovation Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, 80000, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ashrafi-Dehkordi E, Tahmasebi A, Zare H, Mazloomi SM. A Meta-analysis of Transcriptome Data to Investigate the Effect of Soy Isoflavones on Breast Cancer Cell. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 22:e3762. [PMID: 39220340 PMCID: PMC11364926 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2024.407148.3762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer ranks as the second highest cause of cancer-linked deaths in women, with varying rates between Western and Asian countries. The consumption of phytoestrogens can influence breast cancer occurrence. Objective To comprehend how soy isoflavones impact breast cancer cells, we conducted a meta-analysis, combining gene expression data from multiple studies. This approach aimed to identify crucial transcriptional characteristics driving breast cancer cell response to soy phytoestrogens. Materials and Methods The gene expression profiles obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus and Array Express and were grouped into control and isoflavones exposure conditions. We performed a meta-analysis based on the effect size combination method to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In addition, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, pathway analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and recursive support vector machine (R-SVM) algorithm. Results Based on this meta-analysis, we identified 3,890 DEGs, of which 2,173 were up-regulated and 1,717 were down-regulated. For example, SGCG, PLK2, and TBC1D9 were the most highly down-regulated genes and EGR3, WISP2, and FKBP4 were the most highly expressed genes in the isoflavones exposure condition. The functional enrichment and pathway analysis were revealed "cell division" and "cell cycle" among the most enriched terms. Among the identified DEGs, 269 transcription factor (TF) genes belonged to 42 TF families, where the C2H2 ZF, bZIP, and bHLH were the most prominent families. We also employed the R-SVM for detecting the most important genes to classify samples into isoflavones exposure and control conditions. It identified a subset of 100 DEGs related to regulation of cell growth, response to estradiol, and intermediate ribonucleoside monophosphate in the purine (IMP) metabolic process. Moreover, the WGCNA separated the DEGs into five discrete modules strongly enriched for genes involved in cell division, DNA replication, embryonic digit morphogenesis, and cell-cell adhesion. Conclusion Our analysis provides evidence suggesting that isoflavone affects various mechanisms in cells, including pathways associated with NF-κB, Akt, MAPK, Wnt, Notch, p53, and AR pathways, which can lead to the induction of apoptosis, the alteration of the cell cycle, the inhibition of angiogenesis, and interference in the redox state of cells. These findings can shed light on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the response of breast cancer cells to isoflavones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ashrafi-Dehkordi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tahmasebi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Habil Zare
- Department of Computer Science, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mazloomi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu M, Zhang Y, Jian Y, Gu L, Zhang D, Zhou H, Wang Y, Xu ZX. The regulations of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in cancer. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:90. [PMID: 38278800 PMCID: PMC10817947 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal activation of telomerase occurs in most cancer types, which facilitates escaping from cell senescence. As the key component of telomerase, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is regulated by various regulation pathways. TERT gene changing in its promoter and phosphorylation respectively leads to TERT ectopic expression at the transcription and protein levels. The co-interacting factors play an important role in the regulation of TERT in different cancer types. In this review, we focus on the regulators of TERT and these downstream functions in cancer regulation. Determining the specific regulatory mechanism will help to facilitate the development of a cancer treatment strategy that targets telomerase and cancer cell senescence. As the most important catalytic subunit component of telomerase, TERT is rapidly regulated by transcriptional factors and PTM-related activation. These changes directly influence TERT-related telomere maintenance by regulating telomerase activity in telomerase-positive cancer cells, telomerase assembly with telomere-binding proteins, and recruiting telomerase to the telomere. Besides, there are also non-canonical functions that are influenced by TERT, including the basic biological functions of cancer cells, such as proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, initiating cell formation, EMT, and cell invasion. Other downstream effects are the results of the influence of transcriptional factors by TERT. Currently, some small molecular inhibitors of TERT and TERT vaccine are under research as a clinical therapeutic target. Purposeful work is in progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingdi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yongping Jian
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Liting Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Şahin TÖ, Yılmaz B, Yeşilyurt N, Cicia D, Szymanowska A, Amero P, Ağagündüz D, Capasso R. Recent insights into the nutritional immunomodulation of cancer-related microRNAs. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4375-4397. [PMID: 37434291 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the most common cause of death worldwide, following cardiovascular diseases. Cancer is a multifactorial disease and many reasons such as physical, chemical, biological, and lifestyle-related factors. Nutrition, which is one of the various factors that play a role in the prevention, development, and treatment of many types of cancer, affects the immune system, which is characterized by disproportionate pro-inflammatory signaling in cancer. Studies investigating the molecular mechanisms of this effect have shown that foods rich in bioactive compounds, such as green tea, olive oil, turmeric, and soybean play a significant role in positively changing the expression of miRNAs involved in the regulation of genes associated with oncogenic/tumor-suppressing pathways. In addition to these foods, some diet models may change the expression of specific cancer-related miRNAs in different ways. While Mediterranean diet has been associated with anticancer effects, a high-fat diet, and a methyl-restricted diet are considered to have negative effects. This review aims to discuss the effects of specific foods called "immune foods," diet models, and bioactive components on cancer by changing the expression of miRNAs in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Birsen Yılmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - Donatella Cicia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Szymanowska
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paola Amero
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ali JH, Walter M. Combining old and new concepts in targeting telomerase for cancer therapy: transient, immediate, complete and combinatory attack (TICCA). Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:197. [PMID: 37679807 PMCID: PMC10483736 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase can overcome replicative senescence by elongation of telomeres but is also a specific element in most cancer cells. It is expressed more vastly than any other tumor marker. Telomerase as a tumor target inducing replicative immortality can be overcome by only one other mechanism: alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). This limits the probability to develop resistance to treatments. Moreover, telomerase inhibition offers some degree of specificity with a low risk of toxicity in normal cells. Nevertheless, only one telomerase antagonist reached late preclinical studies. The underlying causes, the pitfalls of telomerase-based therapies, and future chances based on recent technical advancements are summarized in this review. Based on new findings and approaches, we propose a concept how long-term survival in telomerase-based cancer therapies can be significantly improved: the TICCA (Transient Immediate Complete and Combinatory Attack) strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Haj Ali
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Walter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang R, Han Y, Guan X, Hong Y, Meng J, Ding S, Long Q, Yi W. Regulation and clinical potential of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT/hTERT) in breast cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:218. [PMID: 37612721 PMCID: PMC10463831 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT/hTERT) serves as the pivotal catalytic subunit of telomerase, a crucial enzyme responsible for telomere maintenance and human genome stability. The high activation of hTERT, observed in over 90% of tumors, plays a significant role in tumor initiation and progression. An in-depth exploration of hTERT activation mechanisms in cancer holds promise for advancing our understanding of the disease and developing more effective treatment strategies. In breast cancer, the expression of hTERT is regulated by epigenetic, transcriptional, post-translational modification mechanisms and DNA variation. Besides its canonical function in telomere maintenance, hTERT exerts non-canonical roles that contribute to disease progression through telomerase-independent mechanisms. This comprehensive review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms governing hTERT in breast cancer and elucidates the functional implications of its activation. Given the overexpression of hTERT in most breast cancer cells, the detection of hTERT and its associated molecules are potential for enhancing early screening and prognostic evaluation of breast cancer. Although still in its early stages, therapeutic approaches targeting hTERT and its regulatory molecules show promise as viable strategies for breast cancer treatment. These methods are also discussed in this paper. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruozhu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Xinyu Guan
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yue Hong
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Jiahao Meng
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Shirong Ding
- Department of Oncology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Qian Long
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Wenjun Yi
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bankole T, Winn H, Li Y. Dietary Impacts on Gestational Diabetes: Connection between Gut Microbiome and Epigenetic Mechanisms. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245269. [PMID: 36558427 PMCID: PMC9786016 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common obstetric complications due to an increased level of glucose intolerance during pregnancy. The prevalence of GDM increases due to the obesity epidemic. GDM is also associated with an increased risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia resulting in elevated maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Diet is one of the most important environmental factors associated with etiology of GDM. Studies have shown that the consumption of certain bioactive diets and nutrients before and during pregnancy might have preventive effects against GDM leading to a healthy pregnancy outcome as well as beneficial metabolic outcomes later in the offspring's life. Gut microbiome as a biological ecosystem bridges the gap between human health and diseases through diets. Maternal diets affect maternal and fetal gut microbiome and metabolomics profiles, which consequently regulate the host epigenome, thus contributing to later-life metabolic health in both mother and offspring. This review discusses the current knowledge regarding how epigenetic mechanisms mediate the interaction between maternal bioactive diets, the gut microbiome and the metabolome leading to improved metabolic health in both mother and offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo Bankole
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hung Winn
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maternal soybean diet on prevention of obesity-related breast cancer through early-life gut microbiome and epigenetic regulation. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 110:109119. [PMID: 35933021 PMCID: PMC9792070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Overnutrition-induced obesity and metabolic dysregulation are considered major risk factors contributing to breast cancer. The origin of both obesity and breast cancer can retrospect to early development in human lifespan. Genistein (GE), a natural isoflavone enriched in soybean products, has been proposed to associate with a lower risk of breast cancer and various metabolic disorders. Our study aimed to determine the effects of maternal exposure to soybean dietary GE on prevention of overnutrition-induced breast cancer later in life and explore potential mechanisms in different mouse models. Our results showed that maternal dietary GE treatment improved offspring metabolic functions by significantly attenuating high-fat diet-induced body fat accumulation, lipid panel abnormalities and glucose intolerance in mice offspring. Importantly, maternal dietary GE exposure effectively delayed high-fat diet-simulated mammary tumor development in female offspring. Mechanistically, we found that maternal dietary GE may exert its chemopreventive effects through affecting essential regulatory gene expression in control of metabolism, inflammation and tumor development via, at least in part, regulation of offspring gut microbiome, bacterial metabolites and epigenetic profiles. Altogether, our findings indicate that maternal GE consumption is an effective intervention approach leading to early-life prevention of obesity-related metabolic disorders and breast cancer later in life through dynamically influencing the interplay between early-life gut microbiota, key microbial metabolite profiles and offspring epigenome.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen M, Li S, Srinivasasainagendra V, Sharma M, Li Z, Tiwari H, Tollefsbol TO, Li Y. Maternal soybean genistein on prevention of later-life breast cancer through inherited epigenetic regulations. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:190-202. [PMID: 35084457 PMCID: PMC9036993 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has strong developmental origins and maternal nutrition composition may influence later-life breast cancer risk in the offspring. Our study focused on a bioactive dietary component, genistein (GE) enriched in soybean products, to investigate specific timing of maternal GE exposure that may influence preventive efficacy of GE on offspring breast cancer later in life, and to explore the potential epigenetic mechanisms. Our results indicate a time-dependent effect of maternal GE exposure on early-life breast cancer development in offspring mice. Through integrated transcriptome and methylome analyses, we identified several candidate genes showing significantly differential gene expression and DNA methylation changes. We further found maternal long-term GE treatment can induce inherited epigenetic landmark changes in a candidate tumor suppressor gene, Trp63, resulting in transcriptional activation of Trp63 and induction of the downstream target genes. Our results suggest that maternal long-term exposure to soybean GE may influence early-life epigenetic reprogramming processes, which may contribute to its temporal preventive effects on breast cancer in the offspring. This study provides important mechanistic insights into an appropriate maternal administration of soybean products on prevention of breast cancer later in offspring life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Shizhao Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Manvi Sharma
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zhenhai Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women’s Heath, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Hemant Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women’s Heath, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Javaid A, Zahra D, Rashid F, Mashraqi M, Alzamami A, Khurshid M, Ali Ashfaq U. Regulation of micro-RNA, epigenetic factor by natural products for the treatment of cancers: Mechanistic insight and translational Association. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103255. [PMID: 35495735 PMCID: PMC9052154 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
From onset to progression, cancer is a ailment that might take years to grow. All common epithelial malignancies, have a long latency period, frequently 20 years or more, different gene may contain uncountable mutations if they are clinically detectable. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are around 22nt non-coding RNAs that control gene expression sequence-specifically through translational inhibition or messenger degradation of RNA (mRNA). Epigenetic processes of miRNA control genetic variants through genomic DNA methylation, post-translation histone modification, rework of the chromatin, and microRNAs. The field of miRNAs has opened a new era in understanding small non-coding RNAs since discovering their fundamental mechanisms of action. MiRNAs have been found in viruses, plants, and animals through molecular cloning and bioinformatics approaches. Phytochemicals can invert the epigenetic aberrations, a leading cause of the cancers of various organs, and act as an inhibitor of these changes. The advantage of phytochemicals is that they only function on cells that cause cancer without affecting normal cells. Phytochemicals appear to play a significant character in modulating miRNA expression, which is linked to variations in oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and cancer-derived protein production, according to several studies. In addition to standard anti-oxidant or anti-inflammatory properties, the initial epigenetic changes associated with cancer prevention may be modulated by many polyphenols. In correlation with miRNA and epigenetic factors to treat cancer some of the phytochemicals, including polyphenols, curcumin, resveratrol, indole-3-carbinol are studied in this article.
Collapse
|
11
|
D Palmer R, Papa V, Vaccarezza M. The Ability of Nutrition to Mitigate Epigenetic Drift: A Novel Look at Regulating Gene Expression. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2022; 67:359-365. [PMID: 34980713 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.67.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic drift causes modification in gene expression during aging and a myriad of physiological changes that are mostly undesirable, remove youthful phenotype and are related to biological decay and disease onset. The epigenome is considered a stable regulator of genetic expression. Moreover, evidence is now accumulating that commonly available compounds found in foods can influence the epigenome to embrace a more youthful and therefore, more disease resistant state. Here we explore the correlation between nutriment and the epigenetic regulation through various types of alimentation. The aim is not to discuss specific chemicals involved in disease onset. Instead, we offer a brief glance at pathogens and offer a practical pathway into epigenetic regulation, hypothesizing that epigenetic drift might be attenuated by several foods able to drive a more youthful and disease resistant phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronica Papa
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope".,FABAP Research Center
| | - Mauro Vaccarezza
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Curtin University.,Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zefzoufi M, Fdil R, Bouamama H, Gadhi C, Katakura Y, Mouzdahir A, Sraidi K. Effect of extracts and isolated compounds derived from Retama monosperma (L.) Boiss. on anti-aging gene expression in human keratinocytes and antioxidant activity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114451. [PMID: 34314805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Moroccan folk medicine treats skin cicatrization with Retama monosperma (L.) Boiss. locally named "Rtem", but the mechanism involved is still not well known. Traditional healers use the plant in small doses as an anthelmintic, disinfectant and an effective abortive. In addition, the cladodes powder mixed with honey is employed as purgative and vermifuge. Equally, the SIRT1 and SIRT3 genes activation and sirtuin proteins expression, which delay cellular senescence, participate in wound healing and skin regeneration especially, SIRT1 the most studied gene, leads to fast skin restoration and cicatrization. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we evaluated the ability of the Retama monosperma (L.)Boiss. flowers and seeds extracts and the isolated compounds in augmenting the SIRT1 and SIRT3 gene expression in HaCaT cells and expressing the antioxidant activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined for quantitative expression levels of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in HaCaT cell by qRT-PCR and the antioxidant activity by four tests (conjugated diene, TBARS assay, DPPH scavenging activity and H2O2 radical scavenging assay) of diethyl ether extract of flowers (DEF extract) and ethyl acetate extract of seeds (EAS extract) of R. monosperma(L.) Boiss. and the isolated compounds (quercetin, 6-methoxykaempferol, kaempferol and genistein). RESULTS The screening system by EGFP fluorescence revealed that all samples and resveratrol significantly increase SIRT1 and SIRT3 promoters activities in HaCaT cells with p< 0.05. Furthermore, EAS, quercetin, 6-methoxykaempferol and kaempferol increase significantly (p< 0.05) SIRT1 (3.43, 1.18, 2.62, and 1.72 expression quantity, respectively) and SIRT3 (16.27, 5.01, 3.01, and 6.18 expression quantity, respectively) in HaCaT cells. On the other hand, genistein has a moderate activity on SIRT1 and SIRT3 with 1.43 and 2.04 expression levels. For the antioxidant activity, the EAS and the pure compounds exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than BHT. While DEF and genistein have a moderate antioxidant activity when compared with BHT. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the expression levels of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in HaCaT cells increase in the presence of extracts of R. monosperma (L.) Boiss. and the pure compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manal Zefzoufi
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaïb Doukkali, Jabran Khalil Jabran Avenue, PO Box: 299, El Jadida, 24000, Morocco; Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Health Research, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cadi Ayyad University, Abdelkarim AlKhattabi Avenue, PO. Box: 549, Marrakech, 40000, Morocco.
| | - Rabiaa Fdil
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaïb Doukkali, Jabran Khalil Jabran Avenue, PO Box: 299, El Jadida, 24000, Morocco.
| | - Hafida Bouamama
- Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Health Research, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cadi Ayyad University, Abdelkarim AlKhattabi Avenue, PO. Box: 549, Marrakech, 40000, Morocco.
| | - Chemseddoha Gadhi
- Laboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnology; and Valorisation of Plant Resources, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, PO. Box 2390; My Abdellah BD., Marrakech, 40000, Morocco.
| | - Yoshinori Katakura
- Laboratory of Cellular Regulation Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Abdelkarim Mouzdahir
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaïb Doukkali, Jabran Khalil Jabran Avenue, PO Box: 299, El Jadida, 24000, Morocco.
| | - Khadija Sraidi
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaïb Doukkali, Jabran Khalil Jabran Avenue, PO Box: 299, El Jadida, 24000, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Z-DNA as a Tool for Nuclease-Free DNA Methyltransferase Assay. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111990. [PMID: 34769422 PMCID: PMC8585049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylcytosines in mammalian genomes are the main epigenetic molecular codes that switch off the repertoire of genes in cell-type and cell-stage dependent manners. DNA methyltransferases (DMT) are dedicated to managing the status of cytosine methylation. DNA methylation is not only critical in normal development, but it is also implicated in cancers, degeneration, and senescence. Thus, the chemicals to control DMT have been suggested as anticancer drugs by reprogramming the gene expression profile in malignant cells. Here, we report a new optical technique to characterize the activity of DMT and the effect of inhibitors, utilizing the methylation-sensitive B-Z transition of DNA without bisulfite conversion, methylation-sensing proteins, and polymerase chain reaction amplification. With the high sensitivity of single-molecule FRET, this method detects the event of DNA methylation in a single DNA molecule and circumvents the need for amplification steps, permitting direct interpretation. This method also responds to hemi-methylated DNA. Dispensing with methylation-sensitive nucleases, this method preserves the molecular integrity and methylation state of target molecules. Sparing methylation-sensing nucleases and antibodies helps to avoid errors introduced by the antibody’s incomplete specificity or variable activity of nucleases. With this new method, we demonstrated the inhibitory effect of several natural bio-active compounds on DMT. All taken together, our method offers quantitative assays for DMT and DMT-related anticancer drugs.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sharma M, Arora I, Chen M, Wu H, Crowley MR, Tollefsbol TO, Li Y. Therapeutic Effects of Dietary Soybean Genistein on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via Regulation of Epigenetic Mechanisms. Nutrients 2021; 13:3944. [PMID: 34836197 PMCID: PMC8623013 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of dietary natural components such as genistein (GE) found in soy-rich sources is strongly associated with a lower risk of breast cancer. However, bioactive dietary component-based therapeutic strategies are largely understudied in breast cancer treatment. Our investigation sought to elucidate the potential mechanisms linking bioactive dietary GE to its breast cancer chemotherapeutic potential in a special subtype of aggressive breast cancer-triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)-by utilizing two preclinical patient-derived xenograft (PDX) orthotopic mouse models: BCM-3204 and TM00091. Our study revealed that administration of GE resulted in a delay of tumor growth in both PDX models. With transcriptomics analyses in TNBC tumors isolated from BCM-3204 PDXs, we found that dietary soybean GE significantly influenced multiple tumor-regulated gene expressions. Further validation assessment of six candidate differentially expressed genes (DEGs)-Cd74, Lpl, Ifi44, Fzd9, Sat1 and Wwc1-demonstrated a similar trend at gene transcriptional and protein levels as observed in RNA-sequencing results. Mechanistically, GE treatment-induced Cd74 downregulation regulated the NF-κB/Bcl-xL/TAp63 signal pathway, which may contribute to soybean GE-mediated therapeutic effects on TNBC tumors. Additionally, our findings revealed that GE can modify expression levels of key epigenetic-associated genes such as DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt3b), ten-eleven translocation (Tet3) methylcytosine dioxygenases and histone deacetyltransferase (Hdac2), and their enzymatic activities as well as genomic DNA methylation and histone methylation (H3K9) levels. Collectively, our investigation shows high significance for potential development of a novel therapeutic approach by using bioactive soybean GE for TNBC patients who have few treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manvi Sharma
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.S.); (I.A.); (H.W.)
| | - Itika Arora
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.S.); (I.A.); (H.W.)
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Huixin Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.S.); (I.A.); (H.W.)
| | - Michael R. Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.S.); (I.A.); (H.W.)
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women’s Heath, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mierziak J, Kostyn K, Boba A, Czemplik M, Kulma A, Wojtasik W. Influence of the Bioactive Diet Components on the Gene Expression Regulation. Nutrients 2021; 13:3673. [PMID: 34835928 PMCID: PMC8619229 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet bioactive components, in the concept of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics, consist of food constituents, which can transfer information from the external environment and influence gene expression in the cell and thus the function of the whole organism. It is crucial to regard food not only as the source of energy and basic nutriments, crucial for living and organism development, but also as the factor influencing health/disease, biochemical mechanisms, and activation of biochemical pathways. Bioactive components of the diet regulate gene expression through changes in the chromatin structure (including DNA methylation and histone modification), non-coding RNA, activation of transcription factors by signalling cascades, or direct ligand binding to the nuclear receptors. Analysis of interactions between diet components and human genome structure and gene activity is a modern approach that will help to better understand these relations and will allow designing dietary guidances, which can help maintain good health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mierziak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Kamil Kostyn
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding & Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 24A, 50-363 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Boba
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Magdalena Czemplik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Kulma
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Wioleta Wojtasik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jacczak B, Rubiś B, Totoń E. Potential of Naturally Derived Compounds in Telomerase and Telomere Modulation in Skin Senescence and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6381. [PMID: 34203694 PMCID: PMC8232155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper functioning of cells-their ability to divide, differentiate, and regenerate-is dictated by genomic stability. The main factors contributing to this stability are the telomeric ends that cap chromosomes. Telomere biology and telomerase activity have been of interest to scientists in various medical science fields for years, including the study of both cancer and of senescence and aging. All these processes are accompanied by telomere-length modulation. Maintaining the key levels of telomerase component (hTERT) expression and telomerase activity that provide optimal telomere length as well as some nontelomeric functions represents a promising step in advanced anti-aging strategies, especially in dermocosmetics. Some known naturally derived compounds contribute significantly to telomere and telomerase metabolism. However, before they can be safely used, it is necessary to assess their mechanisms of action and potential side effects. This paper focuses on the metabolic potential of natural compounds to modulate telomerase and telomere biology and thus prevent senescence and skin aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ewa Totoń
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (B.J.); (B.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hegde M, Joshi MB. Comprehensive analysis of regulation of DNA methyltransferase isoforms in human breast tumors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:937-971. [PMID: 33604794 PMCID: PMC7954751 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significant reprogramming of epigenome is widely described during pathogenesis of breast cancer. Transformation of normal cell to hyperplastic cell and to neoplastic phenotype is associated with aberrant DNA (de)methylation, which, through promoter and enhancer methylation changes, activates oncogenes and silence tumor suppressor genes in variety of tumors including breast. DNA methylation, one of the major epigenetic mechanisms is catalyzed by evolutionarily conserved isoforms namely, DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B in humans. Over the years, studies have demonstrated intricate and complex regulation of DNMT isoforms at transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. The recent findings of allosteric regulation of DNMT isoforms and regulation by other interacting chromatin modifying proteins emphasizes functional integrity and their contribution for the development of breast cancer and progression. DNMT isoforms are regulated by several intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. In the present review, we have extensively performed bioinformatics analysis of expression of DNMT isoforms along with their transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators such as transcription factors, interacting proteins, hormones, cytokines and dietary elements along with their significance during pathogenesis of breast tumors. Our review manuscript provides a comprehensive understanding of key factors regulating DNMT isoforms in breast tumor pathology and documents unsolved issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, 576104, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dogan F, Forsyth NR. Telomerase Regulation: A Role for Epigenetics. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061213. [PMID: 33802026 PMCID: PMC8000866 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Maintenance of telomeres is a fundamental step in human carcinogenesis and is primarily regulated by telomerase and the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERT). Improved understanding of the transcriptional control of this gene may provide potential therapeutic targets. Epigenetic modifications are a prominent mechanism to control telomerase activity and regulation of the TERT gene. TERT-targeting miRNAs have been widely studied and their function explained through pre-clinical in vivo model-based validation studies. Further, histone deacetylase inhibitors are now in pre and early clinical trials with significant clinical success. Importantly, TERT downregulation through epigenetic modifications including TERT promoter methylation, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and miRNA activity might contribute to clinical study design. This review provides an overview of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of TERT expression and telomerase activity. Abstract Telomerase was first described by Greider and Blackburn in 1984, a discovery ultimately recognized by the Nobel Prize committee in 2009. The three decades following on from its discovery have been accompanied by an increased understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of telomerase activity, and its role in telomere biology. Telomerase has a clearly defined role in telomere length maintenance and an established influence on DNA replication, differentiation, survival, development, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, and a further role in therapeutic resistance in human stem and cancer cells including those of breast and cervical origin. TERT encodes the catalytic subunit and rate-limiting factor for telomerase enzyme activity. The mechanisms of activation or silencing of TERT remain open to debate across somatic, cancer, and stem cells. Promoter mutations upstream of TERT may promote dysregulated telomerase activation in tumour cells but additional factors including epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional modifications also have a role to play. Previous systematic analysis indicated methylation and mutation of the TERT promoter in 53% and 31%, respectively, of TERT expressing cancer cell lines supporting the concept of a key role for epigenetic alteration associated with TERT dysregulation and cellular transformation. Epigenetic regulators including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs are now emerging as drivers in the regulation of telomeres and telomerase activity. Epigenetic regulation may be responsible for reversible silencing of TERT in several biological processes including development and differentiation, and increased TERT expression in cancers. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms behind telomerase regulation holds important prospects for cancer treatment, diagnosis and prognosis. This review will focus on the role of epigenetics in telomerase regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Dogan
- The Guy Hilton Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, UK;
| | - Nicholas R. Forsyth
- The Guy Hilton Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, UK;
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ghasemi S, Xu S, Nabavi SM, Amirkhani MA, Sureda A, Tejada S, Lorigooini Z. Epigenetic targeting of cancer stem cells by polyphenols (cancer stem cells targeting). Phytother Res 2021; 35:3649-3664. [PMID: 33619811 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations are one of the main factors that disrupt the expression of genes and consequently, they have an important role in the carcinogenicity and the progression of different cancers. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are accountable for the recurrence, metastasis, and therapeutic failure of cancer. The noticeable and specific pathways in CSCs can be organized by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, regulatory RNAs, among others. Since epigenetics modifications can be changed and reversed, it is a possible tool for cancer control and treatment. Epigenetic therapies against CSCs are emerging as a very new strategy with a good future expectation to treat cancer patients. Phenolic compounds are a vast group of substances with anticarcinogenic functions, antiinflammatory, and antioxidative activities. It seems these characteristics are related to neutralizing CSCs development, their microenvironment, and metabolism through epigenetic mechanisms. In the current work, the types of epigenetic changes known in these cells are introduced. In addition, some studies about the use of polyphenols acting through a variety of epigenetic mechanisms to counteract these cells will be reviewed. The reported results seem to indicate that the use of these phenolic compounds may be useful for CSCs defeat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sorayya Ghasemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amir Amirkhani
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of neurophysiology. Biology Department, University of Balearic Islands & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ghosh A, Mukherjee S, Roy M, Datta A. Modulatory role of tea in arsenic induced epigenetic alterations in carcinogenesis. THE NUCLEUS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-020-00346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
21
|
Refaey MS, Abdelhamid RA, Elimam H, Elshaier YAMM, Ali AA, Orabi MAA. Bioactive constituents from Thunbergia erecta as potential anticholinesterase and anti-ageing agents: Experimental and in silico studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104643. [PMID: 33486370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) potentiator phytochemicals are highly targeted as anti-Alzheimerꞌs disease and as an anti-ageing process. A phytochemical study of Thunbergia erecta aerial parts resulted in the isolation of ten compounds (1-10). Their structures were identified based on spectral data and comparison with literature values. The activity of our pure isolates on AChE and TERT enzymes by documented in vitro assay methods were evaluated. The results indicated that apigenin (2), vanillic acid (4), and acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (7) exhibited potent inhibition of AChE (IC50 37.33, 30.80 and 49.57 ng/mL, respectively), compared to the standard drug donepezil (IC50 31.25 ng/mL). In the TERT enzyme assay, compound 7 triggered a 1.66‑fold increase in telomerase activity at the concentration of 2.85 ng/ml. This is the first study that demonstrates that compound 7 isolated from T. erecta can lead to such telomerase activity relative to control cells. Virtual screening studies including docking, rapid overlay chemical structure (ROCS), and calculated structure-property relationships (SPR) were implemented in this work. Molecular docking studies supported the binding of compounds 2, 4, and 7 through hydrogen bonds (HBs) formation to essential amino acid residues namely ARG:24 A, SER:347 A, LYS:51 A, PHE:346 A, and GLY:345 A of acetylcholinesterase. ROCS and SPR analyses realized compound 2 as a possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease and as a lead compound for drug development process through applying semisynthetic modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Refaey
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufiya 32958, Egypt
| | - Reda A Abdelhamid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Hanan Elimam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32958, Egypt; Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, National Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yaseen A M M Elshaier
- Department of Organic and Medicinal chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufiya 32958, Egypt
| | - A A Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A A Orabi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kaleem M, Alhosin M, Khan K, Ahmad W, Hosawi S, Nur SM, Choudhry H, Zamzami MA, Al-Abbasi FA, Javed MDN. Epigenetic Basis of Polyphenols in Cancer Prevention and Therapy. POLYPHENOLS-BASED NANOTHERAPEUTICS FOR CANCER MANAGEMENT 2021:189-238. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4935-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
|
23
|
Assessment of telomerase as drug target in breast cancer. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
24
|
Zhang Z, Zhou L, Xie N, Nice EC, Zhang T, Cui Y, Huang C. Overcoming cancer therapeutic bottleneck by drug repurposing. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:113. [PMID: 32616710 PMCID: PMC7331117 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever present hurdles for the discovery of new drugs for cancer therapy have necessitated the development of the alternative strategy of drug repurposing, the development of old drugs for new therapeutic purposes. This strategy with a cost-effective way offers a rare opportunity for the treatment of human neoplastic disease, facilitating rapid clinical translation. With an increased understanding of the hallmarks of cancer and the development of various data-driven approaches, drug repurposing further promotes the holistic productivity of drug discovery and reasonably focuses on target-defined antineoplastic compounds. The "treasure trove" of non-oncology drugs should not be ignored since they could target not only known but also hitherto unknown vulnerabilities of cancer. Indeed, different from targeted drugs, these old generic drugs, usually used in a multi-target strategy may bring benefit to patients. In this review, aiming to demonstrate the full potential of drug repurposing, we present various promising repurposed non-oncology drugs for clinical cancer management and classify these candidates into their proposed administration for either mono- or drug combination therapy. We also summarize approaches used for drug repurposing and discuss the main barriers to its uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Tao Zhang
- The School of Biological Science and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, 610083, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, 610051, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yongping Cui
- Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, and Cancer Institute, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen, 518035, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Pathology & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Khan H, Belwal T, Efferth T, Farooqi AA, Sanches-Silva A, Vacca RA, Nabavi SF, Khan F, Prasad Devkota H, Barreca D, Sureda A, Tejada S, Dacrema M, Daglia M, Suntar İ, Xu S, Ullah H, Battino M, Giampieri F, Nabavi SM. Targeting epigenetics in cancer: therapeutic potential of flavonoids. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1616-1639. [PMID: 32478608 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1763910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Irrespective of sex and age, cancer is the leading cause of mortality around the globe. Therapeutic incompliance, unwanted effects, and economic burdens imparted by cancer treatments, are primary health challenges. The heritable features in gene expression that are propagated through cell division and contribute to cellular identity without a change in DNA sequence are considered epigenetic characteristics and agents that could interfere with these features and are regarded as potential therapeutic targets. The genetic modification accounts for the recurrence and uncontrolled changes in the physiology of cancer cells. This review focuses on plant-derived flavonoids as a therapeutic tool for cancer, attributed to their ability for epigenetic regulation of cancer pathogenesis. The epigenetic mechanisms of various classes of flavonoids including flavonols, flavones, isoflavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, and anthocyanidins, such as cyanidin, delphinidin, and pelargonidin, are discussed. The outstanding results of preclinical studies encourage researchers to design several clinical trials on various flavonoids to ascertain their clinical strength in the treatment of different cancers. The results of such studies will define the clinical fate of these agents in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tarun Belwal
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ana Sanches-Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Anna Vacca
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Council of Research, Bari, Italy
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), School of Pharmacy, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Laboratory of neurophysiology, Biology Department, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marco Dacrema
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - İpek Suntar
- Deparment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bajaj S, Kumar MS, Peters GJ, Mayur YC. Targeting telomerase for its advent in cancer therapeutics. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1871-1919. [PMID: 32391613 DOI: 10.1002/med.21674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase has emerged as an important primary target in anticancer therapy. It is a distinctive reverse transcriptase enzyme, which extends the length of telomere at the 3' chromosomal end, and uses telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA template-containing domains. Telomerase has a vital role and is a contributing factor in human health, mainly affecting cell aging and cell proliferation. Due to its unique feature, it ensures unrestricted cell proliferation in malignancy and plays a major role in cancer disease. The development of telomerase inhibitors with increased specificity and better pharmacokinetics is being considered to design and develop newer potent anticancer agents. Use of natural and synthetic compounds for the inhibition of telomerase activity can lead to an opening of new vistas in cancer treatment. This review details about the telomerase biochemistry, use of natural and synthetic compounds; vaccines and oncolytic virus in therapy that suppress the telomerase activity. We have discussed structure-activity relationships of various natural and synthetic telomerase inhibitors to help medicinal chemists and chemical biology researchers with a ready reference and updated status of their clinical trials. Suppression of human TERT (hTERT) activity through inhibition of hTERT promoter is an important approach for telomerase inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y C Mayur
- SPPSPTM, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Giangaspero F, Minasi S, Gianno F, Alzoubi H, Antonelli M, Buttarelli F. Mechanisms of telomere maintenance in pediatric brain tumors: Promising targets for therapy – A narrative review. GLIOMA 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/glioma.glioma_20_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
28
|
Morris BJ, Willcox BJ, Donlon TA. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of human aging and longevity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1718-1744. [PMID: 31109447 PMCID: PMC7295568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we summarize the latest data on genetic and epigenetic contributions to human aging and longevity. Whereas environmental and lifestyle factors are important at younger ages, the contribution of genetics appears more important in reaching extreme old age. Genome-wide studies have implicated ~57 gene loci in lifespan. Epigenomic changes during aging profoundly affect cellular function and stress resistance. Dysregulation of transcriptional and chromatin networks is likely a crucial component of aging. Large-scale bioinformatic analyses have revealed involvement of numerous interaction networks. As the young well-differentiated cell replicates into eventual senescence there is drift in the highly regulated chromatin marks towards an entropic middle-ground between repressed and active, such that genes that were previously inactive "leak". There is a breakdown in chromatin connectivity such that topologically associated domains and their insulators weaken, and well-defined blocks of constitutive heterochromatin give way to generalized, senescence-associated heterochromatin, foci. Together, these phenomena contribute to aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- Basic & Clinical Genomics Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Kuakini Medical Center Campus, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Kuakini Medical Center Campus, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
| | - Timothy A Donlon
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Departments of Cell & Molecular Biology and Pathology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jie MM, Chang X, Zeng S, Liu C, Liao GB, Wu YR, Liu CH, Hu CJ, Yang SM, Li XZ. Diverse regulatory manners of human telomerase reverse transcriptase. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:63. [PMID: 31186051 PMCID: PMC6560729 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is the core subunit of human telomerase and plays important roles in human cancers. Aberrant expression of hTERT is closely associated with tumorigenesis, cancer cell stemness maintaining, cell proliferation, apoptosis inhibition, senescence evasion and metastasis. The molecular basis of hTERT regulation is highly complicated and consists of various layers. A deep and full-scale comprehension of the regulatory mechanisms of hTERT is pivotal in understanding the pathogenesis and searching for therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarize the recent advances regarding the diverse regulatory mechanisms of hTERT, including the transcriptional (promoter mutation, promoter region methylation and histone acetylation), post-transcriptional (mRNA alternative splicing and non-coding RNAs) and post-translational levels (phosphorylation and ubiquitination), which may provide novel perspectives for further translational diagnosis or therapeutic strategies targeting hTERT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Jie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Shuo Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Guo-Bin Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Ya-Ran Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Chun-Hua Liu
- Teaching evaluation center of Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Xin-Zhe Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li S, Chen M, Li Y, Tollefsbol TO. Prenatal epigenetics diets play protective roles against environmental pollution. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:82. [PMID: 31097039 PMCID: PMC6524340 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is thought that germ cells and preimplantation embryos during development are most susceptible to endogenous and exogenous environmental factors because the epigenome in those cells is undergoing dramatic elimination and reconstruction. Exposure to environmental factors such as nutrition, climate, stress, pathogens, toxins, and even social behavior during gametogenesis and early embryogenesis has been shown to influence disease susceptibility in the offspring. Early-life epigenetic modifications, which determine the expression of genetic information stored in the genome, are viewed as one of the general mechanisms linking prenatal exposure and phenotypic changes later in life. From atmospheric pollution, endocrine-disrupting chemicals to heavy metals, research increasingly suggests that environmental pollutions have already produced significant consequences on human health. Moreover, mounting evidence now links such pollution to relevant modification in the epigenome. The epigenetics diet, referring to a class of bioactive dietary compounds such as isothiocyanates in broccoli, genistein in soybean, resveratrol in grape, epigallocatechin-3-gallate in green tea, and ascorbic acid in fruits, has been shown to modify the epigenome leading to beneficial health outcomes. This review will primarily focus on the causes and consequences of prenatal environment pollution exposure on the epigenome, and the potential protective role of the epigenetics diet, which could play a central role in neutralizing epigenomic aberrations against environmental pollutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shizhao Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sanaei M, Kavoosi F. Effect of DNA Methyltransferase in Comparison to and
in Combination with Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on
Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cell Line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1119-1125. [PMID: 31030484 PMCID: PMC6948907 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.4.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: DNA demethylating agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors can affect reactivation of gene expression and apoptosis induction by DNA acetylation and demethylation. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of DNA demethylating agent genistein (GE) and histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid VPA), alone and combined, on hepatocellular carcinoma Hep G2 cell line. Methods: The cells were treated with various doses of genistein and valproic acid (alone and combined) and the MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to determine cell viability and apoptosis. Results: Genistein and valproic acid inhibited the growth of HepG 2 cells significantly. Result of flow cytometry demonstrated that genistein and valproic acid (alone and combined) induce apoptosis significantly in a timedependent manner. Conclusions: Genistein and valproic acid can significantly inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in HepG2 cell line. The apoptotic effects of GE in combination with VPA were more significant that of each compound alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masumeh Sanaei
- Research Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
| | - Fraidoon Kavoosi
- Research Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Doğan HO, Alçiğir ME. Assessment of epigenetic changes and oxidative DNA damage in rat pups exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and the protective effect of curcumin in the prenatal period. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 30:jbcpp-2018-0182. [PMID: 30917103 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic chemicals that exert neurotoxic and endocrine disrupting effects. The aims of this study were to examine the effects of prenatal Aroclor 1254 (PCBs mixture) exposure on central nervous system tissues DNA and to evaluate the effects of curcumin. Methods Rat pups were assigned to three groups: [Group 1], Aroclor 1254 administrated group; [Group 2], Aroclor 1254 and curcumin administrated group; and [Group 3], control group. Plasma, cerebrum, cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata tissue homogenates 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine [8-(OH)DG] levels and plasma freeT4 levels were determined. Global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation status were determined in cerebrum, cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata. To this aim, DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine levels were measured, respectively. Results Mean cerebellum and cerebral cortex 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine levels were higher in the control group than in the experimental groups. Mean plasma, cerebellum and cerebral cortex 8-(OH)DG concentrations were higher in Group 1 than the control group. No statistically significant difference was observed between Group 2 and the control group in terms of cerebellum and cerebral cortex 8-(OH)DG concentrations. Histopathological changes were also observed in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of rat pups exposed to Aroclor 1254. PCBs exposure changes both DNA methylation and hypomethylation status and induces cerebellar and cerebral cortex DNA damage in the prenatal period. Exogenous curcumin may have protective effect on PCBs-induced DNA damage in cerebellum and cerebral cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halef Okan Doğan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey.,Director of Laboratory Animals Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey, Phone: +903462191010/1377
| | - Mehmet Eray Alçiğir
- Kırıkkale University, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Kırıkkale, Turkey.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ashraf NU, Altaf M. Epigenetics: An emerging field in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 778:1-12. [PMID: 30454678 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health concern associated with increased mortality due to cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, insulin resistance, liver disease, and malignancy. The molecular mechanism underlying these processes is not fully understood but involves hepatic fat accumulation and alteration of energy metabolism and inflammatory signals derived from various cell types including immune cells. During the last two decades, epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as important regulators of chromatin alteration and the reprogramming of gene expression. Recently, epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) genesis. Epigenetic mechanisms could be used as potential therapeutic targets and as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for NAFLD. These mechanisms can determine disease progression and prognosis in NAFLD. In this review, we discuss the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the progression of NAFLD and potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nissar U Ashraf
- Chromatin and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Mohammad Altaf
- Chromatin and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Eitsuka T, Nakagawa K, Kato S, Ito J, Otoki Y, Takasu S, Shimizu N, Takahashi T, Miyazawa T. Modulation of Telomerase Activity in Cancer Cells by Dietary Compounds: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E478. [PMID: 29415465 PMCID: PMC5855700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase is expressed in ~90% of human cancer cell lines and tumor specimens, whereas its enzymatic activity is not detectable in most human somatic cells, suggesting that telomerase represents a highly attractive target for selective cancer treatment. Accordingly, various classes of telomerase inhibitors have been screened and developed in recent years. We and other researchers have successfully found that some dietary compounds can modulate telomerase activity in cancer cells. Telomerase inhibitors derived from food are subdivided into two groups: one group directly blocks the enzymatic activity of telomerase (e.g., catechin and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol), and the other downregulates the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic subunit of human telomerase, via signal transduction pathways (e.g., retinoic acid and tocotrienol). In contrast, a few dietary components, including genistein and glycated lipid, induce cellular telomerase activity in several types of cancer cells, suggesting that they may be involved in tumor progression. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the effects of dietary factors on telomerase regulation in cancer cells and discusses their molecular mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Eitsuka
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Shunji Kato
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Junya Ito
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Yurika Otoki
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Soo Takasu
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Naoki Shimizu
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Takumi Takahashi
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- Food and Biotechnology Innovation Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
- Food and Health Science Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ganesan K, Xu B. Telomerase Inhibitors from Natural Products and Their Anticancer Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010013. [PMID: 29267203 PMCID: PMC5795965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres and telomerase are nowadays exploring traits on targets for anticancer therapy. Telomerase is a unique reverse transcriptase enzyme, considered as a primary factor in almost all cancer cells, which is mainly responsible to regulate the telomere length. Hence, telomerase ensures the indefinite cell proliferation during malignancy—a hallmark of cancer—and this distinctive feature has provided telomerase as the preferred target for drug development in cancer therapy. Deactivation of telomerase and telomere destabilization by natural products provides an opening to succeed new targets for cancer therapy. This review aims to provide a fundamental knowledge for research on telomere, working regulation of telomerase and its various binding proteins to inhibit the telomere/telomerase complex. In addition, the review summarizes the inhibitors of the enzyme catalytic subunit and RNA component, natural products that target telomeres, and suppression of transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. This extensive understanding of telomerase biology will provide indispensable information for enhancing the efficiency of rational anti-cancer drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Ganesan
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China.
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Paul B, Royston KJ, Li Y, Stoll ML, Skibola CF, Wilson LS, Barnes S, Morrow CD, Tollefsbol TO. Impact of genistein on the gut microbiome of humanized mice and its role in breast tumor inhibition. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189756. [PMID: 29267377 PMCID: PMC5739415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since dietary polyphenols can have beneficial effects in prevention and treatment of cancer, we tested the hypothesis that breast cancer patients’ intestinal microbiota is modulated by genistein (GE), an isoflavone found in soy, and that microbial alterations may offset the side effects brought about by chemotherapy. We demonstrated successful humanization of germ-free mice by transplanting fecal samples from breast cancer patients before and after chemotherapy. Mice were then grouped based on chemotherapy status and GE or control diet. We did not find any significant differences between pre-chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy bacterial composition and abundances. Germ-free mice on a GE diet showed differences in microbial composition as compared to mice on control diet. Four weeks after introduction of the customized GE diet, there was distinct clustering of GE-fed mice as compared to the control-fed group. In the gut microbiome of GE-treated humanized mice, there was an increase in abundance of genera Lactococcus and Eubacterium. Phylum Verrucomicrobia showed statistically significant (p = 0.02) differences in abundances between the GE-fed and control-fed groups. There was an increase in bacteria belonging to family Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae in GE-fed mice. Marked changes were observed in GE catabolism in mice humanized with fecal material from two of three patients’ post-chemotherapy with complete disappearance of 4-ethylphenol and 2-(4-hydroxyphenol) propionic acid conjugates. The post-tumor samples did not show any distinct clustering of the gut microbiota between the two diet groups. There was an increase in latency of about 25% for tumor growth of the humanized mice that were on a GE diet as compared to humanized mice on a control diet. The average tumor size for the GE group was significantly decreased compared to the non-GE group. Collectively, our results suggest that the intestinal microbiota becomes altered with a GE diet before induction of tumor. Our findings indicate that GE modulates the microbiome in humanized mice that may contribute to its effects on increasing the latency of breast tumor and reducing tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Paul
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kendra J. Royston
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Stoll
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Christine F. Skibola
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Landon S. Wilson
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Casey D. Morrow
- Department of Cell, Development & Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang W, Sun Y, Guo Y, Cai P, Li Y, Liu J, Cai G, Kiyoshi A, Zhang W. Continuous soy isoflavones exposure from weaning to maturity induces downregulation of ovarian steroidogenic factor 1 gene expression and corresponding changes in DNA methylation pattern. Toxicol Lett 2017; 281:175-183. [PMID: 28964809 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Female Wistar rats were treated with orally administered soy isoflavones at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, or 100mg/kg body weight from weaning until sexual maturity (3 mo.), and ovarian steroidogenesis was evaluated. After soy isoflavones were administered, a significant (P<0.05) decrease (44%) in the serum estrodial levels of the high-dose (HD) group were observed. Cultured granulosa cells from the middle- (MD) and HD groups showed significantly (P<0.05) reduced (31%, 45%, respectively) in vitro estradiol secretion, and those from the HD group showed significantly (P<0.05) reduced progesterone (25%) secretion. Compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (Star), cytochromeP450 cholesterol side chain cleavage (Cyp11a1 and Cyp19a1), and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3b (Hsd3b) genes also decreased. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting revealed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in key transcription factor steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) expression in the HD group. The detection of DNA methylation using bisulfitesequencing PCR (BSP) suggested a significantly (P<0.05) increased total methylation rate in the proximal SF-1 promoter in the HD group. Further studies showed that treatment with soy isoflavones can significantly (P<0.05) increase the mRNA expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 and DNMT3a. This study proved that soy isoflavone administration from weaning until sexual maturity could inhibit ovarian steroidogenesis, suggesting that SF-1 might play an important role in this effect. In addition, DNA methylation might play a role in the downregulation of SF-1 gene expression induced by soy isoflavones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Wang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Yan Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yiwei Guo
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ping Cai
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guoxi Cai
- Nagasaki Prefectural Institute of Environmental Research and Public Health, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Aoyagi Kiyoshi
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Wenchang Zhang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Epigenetic modifications of gene expression by lifestyle and environment. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:1219-1237. [PMID: 29043603 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics oftenly described as the heritable changes in gene expression independent of changes in DNA sequence. Various environmental factors such as nutrition-dietary components, lifestyle, exercise, physical activity, toxins, and other contributing factors remodel the genome either in a constructive or detrimental way. Since epigenetic changes are reversible and nutrition is one of the many epigenetic regulators that modify gene expression without changing the DNA sequence, dietary nutrients and bioactive food components contribute to epigenetic phenomena either by directly suppressing DNA methylation or histone catalyzing enzymes or by changing the availability of substrates required for enzymatic reactions. Diets that contain catechol-dominant polyphenols are reported to suppress enzyme activity and activate epigenetically silenced genes. Furthermore, several dietary nutrients play a crucial role in one-carbon metabolism including folate, cobalamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, and methionine by directly affecting S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Soy polyphenols block DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases to reverse aberrant CpG island methylation. Organosulfur rich compounds such as the sulforaphane found in broccoli appear to normalize DNA methylation and activate miR-140 expression, which represses SOX9 and ALDH1 and decreases tumor growth. The purpose of this short communication is to overview the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of diet and other environmental factors. We discuss the epigenetic contributions of dietary components with a particular focus on nutritional polyphenols and flavonoids as epigenetic mediators that modify epigenetic tags and control gene expression. These mechanisms provide new insights to better understand the influence of dietary nutrients on epigenetic modifications and gene expression.
Collapse
|
39
|
Liu L, Liu C, Fotouhi O, Fan Y, Wang K, Xia C, Shi B, Zhang G, Wang K, Kong F, Larsson C, Hu S, Xu D. TERT Promoter Hypermethylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Potential Stool Biomarker. Oncologist 2017; 22:1178-1188. [PMID: 28754720 PMCID: PMC5634768 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a high demand for noninvasive screening tools for gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) detection, and GIC-specific markers are required for such purposes. It is established that induction of the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERT) coupled with telomerase activation is essential for cancer development/progression and aberrant TERT promoter methylation of specific 5'-C-phosphate-G-3' (CpGs) has been linked to TERT induction in oncogenesis. Here we analyzed TERT promoter methylation in fecal samples from GIC patients and healthy adults and determined its value as a stool biomarker for GIC detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-nine GIC patients (34 colorectal carcinoma and 35 gastric cancer) and 62 healthy adults were recruited and fecal samples were collected. Paired tumors and adjacent non-cancerous tissues from 34 patients and normal mucosa tissues from 12 healthy individuals were collected. TERT promoter methylation density was determined using pyrosequencing. RESULTS We identified two GIC-specific methylation sites at -218 (CpG site 1) and -210 (CpG site 2) in the TERT promoter in tumor tissues. Methylated TERT promoter CpG sites 1 and 2 were also detectable in patient stool, while only background levels were observed in healthy individuals. The overall sensitivity reached 52.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 48.3-56.0) for fecal methylated TERT promoter assays at 90% specificity, which was comparable to other known stool methylation markers for GIC detection. The combined assays of fecal TERT promoter methylation and occult blood (OB) significantly improved sensitivity and specificity in colorectal cancer (area under curves for methylation alone: 0.798, 95% CI: 0.707-0.889 vs. methylation + OB: 0.920, 95% CI: 0.859-0.981; p = .028), but not in gastric cancer. CONCLUSION This proof-of-concept study suggests the feasibility of stool TERT promoter methylation analyses as an additional tool in noninvasive GIC screening. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Induction of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression coupled with telomerase activation is essential for cancer development/progression, while aberrant TERT promoter methylation has been linked to TERT induction in oncogenesis. We identified two cancer-specific methylation sites (CpG1 and 2) in the TERT promoter in tumors from GIC patients. Methylated TERT promoter CpG sites 1 and 2 were detectable in patient stool, while only background levels were observed in healthy individuals. The sensitivity and specificity was comparable to other known stool methylation markers for GIC detection. This proof-of-concept study suggests the feasibility of stool TERT promoter methylation analyses for noninvasive screening of GIC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Departments of General Surgery, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Shandong University, School of Nursing, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Urology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Shandong University-Karolinska Institutet Collaborative Laboratory for Cancer Research, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Omid Fotouhi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, and Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yidong Fan
- Urology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Shandong University-Karolinska Institutet Collaborative Laboratory for Cancer Research, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyou Xia
- Urology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benkang Shi
- Urology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyong Zhang
- Departments of General Surgery, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Departments of General Surgery, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Kong
- Central Research Laboratory, Shandong University Second Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Catharina Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, and Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanyuan Hu
- Departments of General Surgery, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Xu
- Shandong University-Karolinska Institutet Collaborative Laboratory for Cancer Research, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kumar A, Nilednu P, Kumar A, Sharma NK. Epigenetic perturbation driving asleep telomerase reverse transcriptase: Possible therapeutic avenues in carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695951. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, implications of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), a component of ribonucleoprotein telomerase in aging, senescence, and stem cell are highly evident. Besides, the activation of hTERT is also being documented several cancer types including carcinoma. The awakening of telomerase during carcinoma initiation and development is being seen with different perspectives including genetic and epigenetic tools and events. In view of several tumor progenitors genes (also referred as epigenetic mediators), telomerase is placed as key enzyme to achieve the carcinoma phenotype and sustain during the progression. It is true that swaying of telomerase in carcinoma could be facilitated with dedicated set of epigenetic modulators and modifiers players. These epigenetic alterations are heritable, potentially reversible, and seen as the epigenetic signature of carcinoma. Several papers converge to suggest that DNA methylation, histone modification, and small non-coding RNAs are the widely appreciated epigenetic changes towards hTERT modulation. In this review, we summarize the contribution of epigenetic factors in the telomerase activation and discuss potential avenues to achieve therapeutic intervention in carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Pune, India
| | - Pritish Nilednu
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Pune, India
| | - Azad Kumar
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Pune, India
| | - Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li Y, Tollefsbol TO. Age-related epigenetic drift and phenotypic plasticity loss: implications in prevention of age-related human diseases. Epigenomics 2016; 8:1637-1651. [PMID: 27882781 PMCID: PMC5618938 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered as one of the most important developmental processes in organisms and is closely associated with global deteriorations of epigenetic markers such as aberrant methylomic patterns. This altered epigenomic state, referred to 'epigenetic drift', reflects deficient maintenance of epigenetic marks and contributes to impaired cellular and molecular functions in aged cells. Epigenetic drift-induced abnormal changes during aging are scantily repaired by epigenetic modulators. This inflexibility in the aged epigenome may lead to an age-related decline in phenotypic plasticity at the cellular and molecular levels due to epigenetic drift. This perspective aims to provide novel concepts for understanding epigenetic effects on the aging process and to provide insights into epigenetic prevention and therapeutic strategies for age-related human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Genetic and epigenetic cancer chemoprevention on molecular targets during multistage carcinogenesis. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2389-404. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
43
|
Gillespie ZE, Pickering J, Eskiw CH. Better Living through Chemistry: Caloric Restriction (CR) and CR Mimetics Alter Genome Function to Promote Increased Health and Lifespan. Front Genet 2016; 7:142. [PMID: 27588026 PMCID: PMC4988992 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR), defined as decreased nutrient intake without causing malnutrition, has been documented to increase both health and lifespan across numerous organisms, including humans. Many drugs and other compounds naturally occurring in our diet (nutraceuticals) have been postulated to act as mimetics of caloric restriction, leading to a wave of research investigating the efficacy of these compounds in preventing age-related diseases and promoting healthier, longer lifespans. Although well studied at the biochemical level, there are still many unanswered questions about how CR and CR mimetics impact genome function and structure. Here we discuss how genome function and structure are influenced by CR and potential CR mimetics, including changes in gene expression profiles and epigenetic modifications and their potential to identify the genetic fountain of youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe E Gillespie
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Joshua Pickering
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Christopher H Eskiw
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jäger K, Walter M. Therapeutic Targeting of Telomerase. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7070039. [PMID: 27455328 PMCID: PMC4962009 DOI: 10.3390/genes7070039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere length and cell function can be preserved by the human reverse transcriptase telomerase (hTERT), which synthesizes the new telomeric DNA from a RNA template, but is normally restricted to cells needing a high proliferative capacity, such as stem cells. Consequently, telomerase-based therapies to elongate short telomeres are developed, some of which have successfully reached the stage I in clinical trials. Telomerase is also permissive for tumorigenesis and 90% of all malignant tumors use telomerase to obtain immortality. Thus, reversal of telomerase upregulation in tumor cells is a potential strategy to treat cancer. Natural and small-molecule telomerase inhibitors, immunotherapeutic approaches, oligonucleotide inhibitors, and telomerase-directed gene therapy are useful treatment strategies. Telomerase is more widely expressed than any other tumor marker. The low expression in normal tissues, together with the longer telomeres in normal stem cells versus cancer cells, provides some degree of specificity with low risk of toxicity. However, long term telomerase inhibition may elicit negative effects in highly-proliferative cells which need telomerase for survival, and it may interfere with telomere-independent physiological functions. Moreover, only a few hTERT molecules are required to overcome senescence in cancer cells, and telomerase inhibition requires proliferating cells over a sufficient number of population doublings to induce tumor suppressive senescence. These limitations may explain the moderate success rates in many clinical studies. Despite extensive studies, only one vaccine and one telomerase antagonist are routinely used in clinical work. For complete eradication of all subpopulations of cancer cells a simultaneous targeting of several mechanisms will likely be needed. Possible technical improvements have been proposed including the development of more specific inhibitors, methods to increase the efficacy of vaccination methods, and personalized approaches. Telomerase activation and cell rejuvenation is successfully used in regenerative medicine for tissue engineering and reconstructive surgery. However, there are also a number of pitfalls in the treatment with telomerase activating procedures for the whole organism and for longer periods of time. Extended cell lifespan may accumulate rare genetic and epigenetic aberrations that can contribute to malignant transformation. Therefore, novel vector systems have been developed for a 'mild' integration of telomerase into the host genome and loss of the vector in rapidly-proliferating cells. It is currently unclear if this technique can also be used in human beings to treat chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Jäger
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - Michael Walter
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany.
- Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes Services GmbH, Sylter Str. 2, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen Y, Zhang Y. Functional and mechanistic analysis of telomerase: An antitumor drug target. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 163:24-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
46
|
Lewis KA, Tollefsbol TO. Regulation of the Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Subunit through Epigenetic Mechanisms. Front Genet 2016; 7:83. [PMID: 27242892 PMCID: PMC4860561 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome-shortening is characteristic of normal cells, and is known as the end replication problem. Telomerase is the enzyme responsible for extending the ends of the chromosomes in de novo synthesis, and occurs in germ cells as well as most malignant cancers. There are three subunits of telomerase: human telomerase RNA (hTERC), human telomerase associated protein (hTEP1), or dyskerin, and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). hTERC and hTEP1 are constitutively expressed, so the enzymatic activity of telomerase is dependent on the transcription of hTERT. DNA methylation, histone methylation, and histone acetylation are basic epigenetic regulations involved in the expression of hTERT. Non-coding RNA can also serve as a form of epigenetic control of hTERT. This epigenetic-based regulation of hTERT is important in providing a mechanism for reversibility of hTERT control in various biological states. These include embryonic down-regulation of hTERT contributing to aging and the upregulation of hTERT playing a critical role in over 90% of cancers. Normal human somatic cells have a non-methylated/hypomethylated CpG island within the hTERT promoter region, while telomerase-positive cells paradoxically have at least a partially methylated promoter region that is opposite to the normal roles of DNA methylation. Histone acetylation of H3K9 within the promoter region is associated with an open chromatin state such that transcription machinery has the space to form. Histone methylation of hTERT has varied control of the gene, however. Mono- and dimethylation of H3K9 within the promoter region indicate silent euchromatin, while a trimethylated H3K9 enhances gene transcription. Non-coding RNAs can target epigenetic-modifying enzymes, as well as transcription factors involved in the control of hTERT. An epigenetics diet that can affect the epigenome of cancer cells is a recent fascination that has received much attention. By combining portions of this diet with epigenome-altering treatments, it is possible to selectively regulate the epigenetic control of hTERT and its expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A Lewis
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BirminghamAL, USA; Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BirminghamAL, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BirminghamAL, USA; Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BirminghamAL, USA; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BirminghamAL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shankar E, Kanwal R, Candamo M, Gupta S. Dietary phytochemicals as epigenetic modifiers in cancer: Promise and challenges. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:82-99. [PMID: 27117759 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of diet and environment on human health has been known since ages. Plant-derived natural bioactive compounds (phytochemicals) have acquired an important role in human diet as potent antioxidants and cancer chemopreventive agents. In past few decades, the role of epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs in the regulation of mammalian genome have been comprehensively addressed. Although the effects of dietary phytochemicals on gene expression and signaling pathways have been widely studied in cancer, the impact of these dietary compounds on mammalian epigenome is rapidly emerging. The present review outlines the role of different epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation and maintenance of mammalian genome and focuses on the role of dietary phytochemicals as epigenetic modifiers in cancer. Above all, the review focuses on summarizing the progress made thus far in cancer chemoprevention with dietary phytochemicals, the heightened interest and challenges in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eswar Shankar
- Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rajnee Kanwal
- Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mario Candamo
- Department of Biology, School of Undergraduate Studies, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang X, Li B, de Jonge N, Björkholm M, Xu D. The DNA methylation inhibitor induces telomere dysfunction and apoptosis of leukemia cells that is attenuated by telomerase over-expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4888-900. [PMID: 25682873 PMCID: PMC4467122 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTIs) such as 5-azacytidine (5-AZA) have been used for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other malignancies. Although inhibiting global/gene-specific DNA methylation is widely accepted as a key mechanism behind DNMTI anti-tumor activity, other mechanisms are likely involved in DNMTI's action. Because telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) plays key roles in cancer through telomere elongation and telomere lengthening-independent activities, and TERT has been shown to confer chemo- or radio-resistance to cancer cells, we determine whether DNMTIs affect telomere function and whether TERT/telomerase interferes with their anti-cancer efficacy. We showed that 5-AZA induced DNA damage and telomere dysfunction in AML cell lines by demonstrating the presence of 53-BP1 foci and the co-localization of 53-BP1 foci with telomere signals, respectively. Telomere dysfunction was coupled with diminished TERT expression, shorter telomere and apoptosis in 5-AZA-treated cells. However, 5-AZA treatment did not lead to changes in the methylation status of subtelomere regions. Down-regulation of TERT expression similarly occurred in primary leukemic cells derived from AML patients exposed to 5-AZA. TERT over-expression significantly attenuated 5-AZA-mediated DNA damage, telomere dysfunction and apoptosis of AML cells. Collectively, 5-AZA mediates the down-regulation of TERT expression, and induces telomere dysfunction, which consequently exerts an anti-tumor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bingnan Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nick de Jonge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Björkholm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dawei Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Khan S, Shukla S, Sinha S, Meeran SM. Epigenetic targets in cancer and aging: dietary and therapeutic interventions. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:689-703. [PMID: 26667209 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1132702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epigenetic regulation plays a critical role in normal growth and embryonic development by controlling the transcriptional activities of several genes. A growing number of epigenetic changes have been reported in the regulation of key genes involved in cancer and aging. Drugs with epigenetic modulatory activities, mainly histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, have received wider attention in aging and cancer research. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize the major epigenetic alterations in cancer and aging, with special emphasis on possible therapeutic targets and interventions by dietary as well as bioactive phytochemicals. EXPERT OPINION Some epigenetic-targeting drugs have received FDA approval and many others are undergoing different phases of clinical trials for cancer therapy. In addition to the synthetic compounds, several bioactive phytochemicals and dietary interventions, such as caloric restriction, have been shown to possess epigenetic modulatory activities in multiple cancers. These epigenetic modulators have been shown to delay aging and minimize the risk of cancer both in preclinical as well as clinical models. Therefore, knowledge of bioactive phytochemicals along with dietary interventions can be utilized for cancer prevention and therapy both alone and with existing drugs to achieve optimum efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Khan
- a Division of Endocrinology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Samriddhi Shukla
- a Division of Endocrinology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Sonam Sinha
- a Division of Endocrinology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- a Division of Endocrinology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bhandari RK. Medaka as a model for studying environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of phenotypes. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2016; 2:dvv010. [PMID: 29492282 PMCID: PMC5804509 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvv010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ability of environmental stressors to induce transgenerational diseases has been experimentally demonstrated in plants, worms, fish, and mammals, indicating that exposures affect not only human health but also fish and ecosystem health. Small aquarium fish have been reliable model to study genetic and epigenetic basis of development and disease. Additionally, fish can also provide better, economic opportunity to study transgenerational inheritance of adverse health and epigenetic mechanisms. Molecular mechanisms underlying germ cell development in fish are comparable to those in mammals and humans. This review will provide a short overview of long-term effects of environmental chemical contaminant exposure in various models, associated epigenetic mechanisms, and a perspective on fish as model to study environmentally induced transgenerational inheritance of altered phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramji K Bhandari
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|