1
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Bitting RL, Tooze JA, Goodman M, Vile DC, Brown JM, Thomas CY, Neve M, Kooshki M, Addo S, Triozzi PL, Dubey P. Low-dose Paclitaxel with Pembrolizumab Enhances Clinical and Immunologic Responses in Platinum-refractory Urothelial Carcinoma. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:530-539. [PMID: 38345536 PMCID: PMC10896069 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Single-agent checkpoint inhibition is effective in a minority of patients with platinum-refractory urothelial carcinoma; therefore, the efficacy of combining low-dose paclitaxel with pembrolizumab was tested. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective, single-arm phase II trial with key inclusion criteria of imaging progression within 12 months of platinum therapy and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ≤1. Treatment was pembrolizumab 200 mg day 1 and paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle for up to eight cycles unless progression or unacceptable adverse events (AE). The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) with overall survival (OS), 6-month progression-free survival (PFS), and safety as key secondary endpoints. Change in circulating immune cell populations, plasma, and urinary miRs were evaluated. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients were treated between April 2016 and June 2020, with median follow-up of 12.4 months. Baseline median age was 68 years, with 81% men and 78% non-Hispanic White. ORR was 33% by intention to treat and 36% in imaging-evaluable patients with three complete responses. Six-month PFS rate was 48.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 28.7-65.2] and median OS 12.4 months (95% CI: 8.7 months to not reached). Common ≥ grade 2 possibly-related AEs were anemia, lymphopenia, hyperglycemia, and fatigue; grade 3/4 AEs occurred in 56%, including two immune-mediated AEs (pneumonitis and nephritis). Responding patients had a higher percentage of circulating CD4+IFNγ+ T cells. Levels of some miRs, including plasma miR 181 and miR 223, varied in responders compared with nonresponders. CONCLUSIONS The addition of low-dose paclitaxel to pembrolizumab is active and safe in platinum-refractory urothelial carcinoma. SIGNIFICANCE We found that combining pembrolizumab with low-dose paclitaxel may be effective in patients with urothelial carcinoma progressing on platinum chemotherapy, with favorable safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda L Bitting
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Janet A Tooze
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Michael Goodman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Donald C Vile
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jessica M Brown
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christopher Y Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Morgan Neve
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Mitra Kooshki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Safoa Addo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Pierre L Triozzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Purnima Dubey
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Pelotonia Institute of Immunooncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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2
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Nour SM, Abbasi N, Sadi S, Ravan N, Alipourian A, Yarizadeh M, Soofi A, Ataei A, Tehrany PM. miRNAs as key modulators between normal cells and tumor microenvironment interactions. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:939-950. [PMID: 37402595 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is well-defined target for understanding tumor progression and various cell types. Major elements of the tumor microenvironment are the followings: endothelial cells, fibroblasts, signaling molecules, extracellular matrix, and infiltrating immune cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNAs with major functions in the gene expression regulation at post-transcriptional level that have also appeared to exerts key functions in the cancer initiation/progression in diverse biological processes and the tumor microenvironment. This study summarized various roles of miRNAs in the complex interactions between the tumor and normal cells in their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Abbasi
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sima Sadi
- Medical Doctor, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Navid Ravan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Alipourian
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahsa Yarizadeh
- Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Soofi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ataei
- School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Pooya M Tehrany
- Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Bani, Malaysia
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Sweef O, Zaabout E, Bakheet A, Halawa M, Gad I, Akela M, Tousson E, Abdelghany A, Furuta S. Unraveling Therapeutic Opportunities and the Diagnostic Potential of microRNAs for Human Lung Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2061. [PMID: 37631277 PMCID: PMC10459057 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a major public health problem and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite advances in treatment options, the five-year survival rate for lung cancer patients remains low, emphasizing the urgent need for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lung cancer due to their crucial roles in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. For example, miR-34a and miR-150, once delivered to lung cancer via liposomes or nanoparticles, can inhibit tumor growth by downregulating critical cancer promoting genes. Conversely, miR-21 and miR-155, frequently overexpressed in lung cancer, are associated with increased cell proliferation, invasion, and chemotherapy resistance. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the roles of miRNAs in lung carcinogenesis, especially those induced by exposure to environmental pollutants, namely, arsenic and benzopyrene, which account for up to 1/10 of lung cancer cases. We then discuss the recent advances in miRNA-based cancer therapeutics and diagnostics. Such information will provide new insights into lung cancer pathogenesis and innovative diagnostic and therapeutic modalities based on miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Sweef
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Zaabout
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ahmed Bakheet
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Mohamed Halawa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ibrahim Gad
- Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Akela
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Tousson
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Abdelghany
- Biomedical Research Center of University of Granada, Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Saori Furuta
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
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4
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Shokati E, Safari E. The immunomodulatory role of exosomal microRNA networks in the crosstalk between tumor-associated myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110267. [PMID: 37276829 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are considered a heterogeneous group of immature myeloid cells engaging in aggressive tumor progression and metastasis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of patients diagnosed with cancer, through downregulation of anti-tumor immune responses. Exosomes are small vesicles carrying specific cargos, including proteins, lipids, and MicroRNA (miRNAs). Such exosomal miRNAs delivered by MDSCs and tumor cells are short noncoding RNAs mediating some of the immunosuppressive characteristics of MDSCs in the TME. However, when it comes to cancer diseases, how these miRNAs interact with MDSCs and encourage MDSCs differentiation and function need further investigations. In this review, we discuss MDSC-derived exosomal miRNAs and those derived from tumor cells (TDE) could modulate anti-tumor immunity and regulate the interaction between tumor cells and MDSCs in the TME. Afterward, we focus on dividing miRNAs, as an important substance interacting with MDSCs and tumor cells in the TME, into those have an immunosuppressive or stimulating effect not only on MDSCs expansion, differentiation, and suppressive function but also on tumor evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Shokati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elahe Safari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Xu D, Li C, Xu Y, Huang M, Cui D, Xie J. Myeloid-derived suppressor cell: A crucial player in autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1021612. [PMID: 36569895 PMCID: PMC9780445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1021612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are identified as a highly heterogeneous group of immature cells derived from bone marrow and play critical immunosuppressive functions in autoimmune diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases was closely related to genetic mutations and epigenetic modifications, with the latter more common. Epigenetic modifications, which involve DNA methylation, covalent histone modification, and non-coding RNA-mediated regulation, refer to inheritable and potentially reversible changes in DNA and chromatin that regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. Recently, numerous reports have shown that epigenetic modifications in MDSCs play important roles in the differentiation and development of MDSCs and their suppressive functions. The molecular mechanisms of differentiation and development of MDSCs and their regulatory roles in the initiation and progression of autoimmune diseases have been extensively studied, but the exact function of MDSCs remains controversial. Therefore, the biological and epigenetic regulation of MDSCs in autoimmune diseases still needs to be further characterized. This review provides a detailed summary of the current research on the regulatory roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in the development and immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs, and further summarizes the distinct role of MDSCs in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, in order to provide help for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases from the perspective of epigenetic regulation of MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yushan Xu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Mingyue Huang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dawei Cui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang University, China,*Correspondence: Dawei Cui, ; Jue Xie,
| | - Jue Xie
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang University, China,*Correspondence: Dawei Cui, ; Jue Xie,
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6
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Liang L, Xu X, Li J, Yang C. Interaction Between microRNAs and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:883683. [PMID: 35634311 PMCID: PMC9130582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells generated during a series of pathologic conditions including cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA) has been considered as a regulator in different tumor microenvironments. Recent studies have begun to unravel the crosstalk between miRNAs and MDSCs. The knowledge of the effect of both miRNAs and MDSCs in tumor may improve our understanding of the tumor immune escape and metastasis. The miRNAs target cellular signal pathways to promote or inhibit the function of MDSCs. On the other hand, MDSCs transfer bioinformation through exosomes containing miRNAs. In this review, we summarized and discussed the bidirectional regulation between miRNAs and MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Liang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Zhangjiang Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Liu X, Zhao S, Sui H, Liu H, Yao M, Su Y, Qu P. MicroRNAs/LncRNAs Modulate MDSCs in Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:772351. [PMID: 35359390 PMCID: PMC8963964 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.772351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of immature cells derived from bone marrow that play critical immunosuppressive functions in the tumor microenvironment (TME), promoting cancer progression. According to base length, Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are mainly divided into: microRNAs (miRNAs), lncRNAs, snRNAs and CircRNAs. Both miRNA and lncRNA are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, and they play an important role in gene expression under both physiological and pathological conditions. The increasing data have shown that MiRNAs/LncRNAs regulate MDSCs within TME, becoming one of potential breakthrough points at the investigation and treatment of cancer. Therefore, we summarize how miRNAs/lncRNAs mediate the differentiation, expansion and immunosuppressive function of tumor MDSCs in TME. We will then focus on the regulatory mechanisms of exosomal MicroRNAs/LncRNAs on tumor MDSCs. Finally, we will discuss how the interaction of miRNAs/lncRNAs modulates tumor MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Shang Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Hongshu Sui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Minhua Yao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Yanping Su
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Yanping Su, ; Peng Qu,
| | - Peng Qu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Yanping Su, ; Peng Qu,
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8
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de Bruyn DP, Beasley AB, Verdijk RM, van Poppelen NM, Paridaens D, de Keizer ROB, Naus NC, Gray ES, de Klein A, Brosens E, Kiliç E. Is Tissue Still the Issue? The Promise of Liquid Biopsy in Uveal Melanoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020506. [PMID: 35203714 PMCID: PMC8962331 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the second most frequent type of melanoma. Therapeutic options for UM favor minimally invasive techniques such as irradiation for vision preservation. As a consequence, no tumor material is obtained. Without available tissue, molecular analyses for gene expression, mutation or copy number analysis cannot be performed. Thus, proper patient stratification is impossible and patients’ uncertainty about their prognosis rises. Minimally invasive techniques have been studied for prognostication in UM. Blood-based biomarker analysis has become more common in recent years; however, no clinically standardized protocol exists. This review summarizes insights in biomarker analysis, addressing new insights in circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, extracellular vesicles, proteomics, and metabolomics. Additionally, medical imaging can play a significant role in staging, surveillance, and prognostication of UM and is addressed in this review. We propose that combining multiple minimally invasive modalities using tumor biomarkers should be the way forward and warrant more attention in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniël P. de Bruyn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.P.d.B.); (N.M.v.P.); (D.P.); (N.C.N.)
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (E.B.)
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron B. Beasley
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (A.B.B.); (E.S.G.)
| | - Robert M. Verdijk
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, 3011 BH Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.M.V.); (R.O.B.d.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Section Ophthalmic Pathology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Natasha M. van Poppelen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.P.d.B.); (N.M.v.P.); (D.P.); (N.C.N.)
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (E.B.)
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dion Paridaens
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.P.d.B.); (N.M.v.P.); (D.P.); (N.C.N.)
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, 3011 BH Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.M.V.); (R.O.B.d.K.)
| | | | - Nicole C. Naus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.P.d.B.); (N.M.v.P.); (D.P.); (N.C.N.)
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elin S. Gray
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (A.B.B.); (E.S.G.)
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (E.B.)
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (E.B.)
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emine Kiliç
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.P.d.B.); (N.M.v.P.); (D.P.); (N.C.N.)
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-107030683
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Regulation of Immune Cells by microRNAs and microRNA-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1385:75-108. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08356-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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10
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Datsi A, Sorg RV. Dendritic Cell Vaccination of Glioblastoma: Road to Success or Dead End. Front Immunol 2021; 12:770390. [PMID: 34795675 PMCID: PMC8592940 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.770390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most frequent and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor and remains a therapeutic challenge: even after multimodal therapy, median survival of patients is only 15 months. Dendritic cell vaccination (DCV) is an active immunotherapy that aims at inducing an antitumoral immune response. Numerous DCV trials have been performed, vaccinating hundreds of GBM patients and confirming feasibility and safety. Many of these studies reported induction of an antitumoral immune response and indicated improved survival after DCV. However, two controlled randomized trials failed to detect a survival benefit. This raises the question of whether the promising concept of DCV may not hold true or whether we are not yet realizing the full potential of this therapeutic approach. Here, we discuss the results of recent vaccination trials, relevant parameters of the vaccines themselves and of their application, and possible synergies between DCV and other therapeutic approaches targeting the immunosuppressive microenvironment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Datsi
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rüdiger V Sorg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Xing Y, Ruan G, Ni H, Qin H, Chen S, Gu X, Shang J, Zhou Y, Tao X, Zheng L. Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Its Related miRNAs in Tumor Progression. Front Immunol 2021; 12:624725. [PMID: 34084160 PMCID: PMC8167795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNA is a type of small non-coding RNA, by regulating downstream gene expression that affects the progression of multiple diseases, especially cancer. MiRNA can participate in the biological processes of tumor, including proliferation, invasion and escape, and exhibit tumor enhancement or inhibition. The tumor immune microenvironment contains numerous immune cells. These cells include lymphocytes with tumor suppressor effects such as CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells, as well as some tumor-promoting cells with immunosuppressive functions, such as regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. MiRNA can affect the tumor immune microenvironment by regulating the function of immune cells, which in turn modulates the progression of tumor cells. Investigating the role of miRNA in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment will help elucidate the specific mechanisms of interaction between immune cells and tumor cells, and may facilitate the use of miRNA as a predictor of immune disorders in tumor progression. This review summarizes the multifarious roles of miRNA in tumor progression through regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment, and provides guidance for the development of miRNA drugs to treat tumors and for the use of miRNA as an auxiliary means in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xing
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guojing Ruan
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiwei Ni
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai Qin
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Simiao Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyue Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiamin Shang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yantong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Tao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Sharma V, Aggarwal A, Jacob J, Sahni D. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: Bridging the gap between inflammation and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Scand J Immunol 2021; 93:e13021. [PMID: 33455004 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has been identified as one of the deadliest malignancies because it remains asymptomatic and usually presents in the advanced stage. Tumour immune evasion is a well-known mechanism of tumorigenesis in various forms of human malignancies. Chronic inflammation via complex networking of various inflammatory cytokines in the local tissue microenvironment dysregulates the immune system and support tumour development. Pro-inflammatory mediators present in the tumour microenvironment increase the tumour burden by causing immune suppression through the generation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and T regulatory cells. These cells, along-with myofibroblasts, create a highly immunosuppressive and resistant tumour microenvironment and are thus considered as one of the culprits for the failure of anti-cancer chemotherapies in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. Targeting these MDSCs using various combinatorial approaches might have the potential for abrogating the resistance and suppressive nature of the pancreatic tumour microenvironment. Therefore, there is more curiosity in studying the crosstalk of MDSCs with other immune cells during pathological conditions and the underlying mechanisms of immunosuppression in the current scenario. In this article, the possible role of MDSCs in inflammation-mediated tumour progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit Sharma
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Anjali Aggarwal
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Justin Jacob
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Daisy Sahni
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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13
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Mondal P, Kaur B, Natesh J, Meeran SM. The emerging role of miRNA in the perturbation of tumor immune microenvironment in chemoresistance: Therapeutic implications. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 124:99-113. [PMID: 33865701 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major hindrance in cancer chemotherapies, a leading cause of tumor recurrence and cancer-related deaths. Cancer cells develop numerous strategies to elude immune attacks and are regulated by immunological factors. Cancer cells can alter the expression of several immune modulators to upregulate the activities of immune checkpoint pathways. Targeting the immune checkpoint inhibitors is a part of the cancer immunotherapy altered during carcinogenesis. These immune modulators have the capability to reprogram the tumor microenvironment, thereby change the efficacy of chemotherapeutics. In general, the sensitivity of drugs is reduced in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, resulting in chemoresistance and tumor relapse. The regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is well established in cancer initiation, progression, and therapy. Intriguingly, miRNA affects cancer immune surveillance and immune response by targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors in the tumor microenvironment. miRNAs alter the gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, which modulates both innate and adaptive immune systems. Alteration of tumor immune microenvironment influences drug sensitivity towards cancer cells. Besides, the expression profile of immune-modulatory miRNAs can be used as a potential biomarker to predict the response and clinical outcomes in cancer immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Recent evidences have revealed that cancer-derived immune-modulatory miRNAs might be promising targets to counteract cancer immune escape, thereby increasing drug efficacy. In this review, we have compiled the role of miRNAs in overcoming the chemoresistance by modulating tumor microenvironment and discussed their preclinical and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bhavjot Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - Jagadish Natesh
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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14
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Gao X, Sui H, Zhao S, Gao X, Su Y, Qu P. Immunotherapy Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) in Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 11:585214. [PMID: 33613512 PMCID: PMC7889583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that accumulate in tumor-bearing hosts to reduce T cells activity and promote tumor immune escape in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The immune system in the TME can be stimulated to elicit an anti-tumor immune response through immunotherapy. The main theory of immunotherapy resides on the plasticity of the immune system and its capacity to be re-educated into a potent anti-tumor response. Thus, MDSCs within the TME became one of the major targets to improve the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy, and therapeutic strategies for tumor MDSCs were developed in the last few years. In the article, we analyzed the function of tumor MDSCs and the regulatory mechanisms of agents targeting MDSCs in tumor immunotherapy, and reviewed their therapeutic effects in MDSCs within the TME. Those data focused on discussing how to promote the differentiation and maturation of MDSCs, reduce the accumulation and expansion of MDSCs, and inhibit the function, migration and recruitment of MDSCs, further preventing the growth, invasion and metastasis of tumor. Those investigations may provide new directions for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidan Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Hongshu Sui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Shang Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Xingmei Gao
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Binzhou, Binzhou, China
| | - Yanping Su
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Peng Qu
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
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15
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Labib Salem M, Zidan AAA, Ezz El-Din El-Naggar R, Attia Saad M, El-Shanshory M, Bakry U, Zidan M. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells share common immunoregulatory pathways-related microRNAs that are dysregulated by acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chemotherapy. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:36-45. [PMID: 33162185 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relapse remains a critical challenge in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The emergence of immunoregulatory cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and T regulatory (Treg) cells, has been considered one potential mechanism of relapse in children with ALL. AIM This study aimed to address the microRNAs (miRNAs) related to MDSCs and Treg cells and to explore their targeted immunoregulatory pathways. METHODS Affymetrix microarray was used for global miRNA profiling in B-ALL pediatric patients before, during, and after induction of chemotherapy. Bioinformatics analysis was performed on MDSCs and Treg cells-related dysregulated miRNAs, and miR-Pathway analysis was performed to explore their targeted immunoregulatory pathways. RESULTS 516 miRNAs were dysregulated in ALL patients as compared to the healthy donor. Among them, 13 miRNAs and 8 miRNAs related to MDSCs and Treg cells, respectively, were common in all patients. Besides, 12 miRNAs were shared between MDSCs and Treg cells; 4 of them were common in all patients. Four immune-related pathways; TNF, TGF-β, FoxO, and Hippo were found implicated. CONCLUSION Our pilot study concluded certain miRNAs related to MDSCs and Treg cells, these miRNAs were linked to immunoregulatory pathways. Our results open avenues for testing those miRNA as molecular biomarkers for the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Labib Salem
- Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University Teaching Hospital, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Abdel-Aziz A Zidan
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University Teaching Hospital, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Randa Ezz El-Din El-Naggar
- Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Attia Saad
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University Teaching Hospital, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shanshory
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University Teaching Hospital, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Usama Bakry
- Genomics Research Program, 57357 Children Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Zidan
- Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Immunology Research Program, 57357 Children Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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Hellberg T, Mohr R, Geisler L, Knorr J, Wree A, Demir M, Benz F, Lambrecht J, Loosen SH, Tacke F, Roderburg C, Jann H, Özdirik B. Serum levels of miR-223 but not miR-21 are decreased in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244504. [PMID: 33382770 PMCID: PMC7775044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are profoundly involved into the pathophysiology of manifold cancers. Recent data suggested a pivotal role of miRNAs as biomarkers in different biological processes including carcinogenesis. However, their role in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is only poorly understood. Methods We determined circulating levels of miR-21 and miR-223 in 45 samples from patients with NET treated between 2010 and 2019 at our department and compared them to healthy controls. Results were correlated with clinical records. Results In the total cohort of Patients with NET, miR-223 presented significantly lower levels compared to healthy control samples. In contrast, levels of miR-21 indicated no significant changes between the two groups. Interestingly, despite being significantly downregulated in all NET patients, concentrations of miR-223 were independent of clinical or histopathological factors such as proliferation activity according to Ki-67 index, tumor grading, TNM stage, somatostatin receptor expression, presence of functional/ non-functional disease or tumor relapse. Moreover, in contrast to data from recent publications analyzing other tumor entities, levels of miR-223 serum levels did not reflect prognosis of patients with NET. Conclusion Lower concentrations of circulating miR-223 rather reflect the presence of NET itself than certain tumor characteristics. The value of miR-223 as a biomarker in NET might be limited to diagnostic, but not prognostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Hellberg
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raphael Mohr
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Geisler
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Knorr
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Wree
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Münevver Demir
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Benz
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joeri Lambrecht
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven H. Loosen
- Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Henning Jann
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burcin Özdirik
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Regulators at Every Step-How microRNAs Drive Tumor Cell Invasiveness and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123709. [PMID: 33321819 PMCID: PMC7763175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor cell invasiveness and metastasis are key processes in cancer progression and are composed of many steps. All of them are regulated by multiple microRNAs that either promote or suppress tumor progression. Multiple studies demonstrated that microRNAs target the mRNAs of multiple genes involved in the regulation of cell motility, local invasion, and metastatic niche formation. Thus, microRNAs are promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets in oncology. Abstract Tumor cell invasiveness and metastasis are the main causes of mortality in cancer. Tumor progression is composed of many steps, including primary tumor growth, local invasion, intravasation, survival in the circulation, pre-metastatic niche formation, and metastasis. All these steps are strictly controlled by microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs can act as oncomiRs that promote tumor cell invasion and metastasis or as tumor suppressor miRNAs that inhibit tumor progression. These miRNAs regulate the actin cytoskeleton, the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors including integrins and ECM-remodeling enzymes comprising matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and regulate epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), hence modulating cell migration and invasiveness. Moreover, miRNAs regulate angiogenesis, the formation of a pre-metastatic niche, and metastasis. Thus, miRNAs are biomarkers of metastases as well as promising targets of therapy. In this review, we comprehensively describe the role of various miRNAs in tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis.
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18
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Regulators at Every Step—How microRNAs Drive Tumor Cell Invasiveness and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123709
expr 991289423 + 939431153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell invasiveness and metastasis are the main causes of mortality in cancer. Tumor progression is composed of many steps, including primary tumor growth, local invasion, intravasation, survival in the circulation, pre-metastatic niche formation, and metastasis. All these steps are strictly controlled by microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs can act as oncomiRs that promote tumor cell invasion and metastasis or as tumor suppressor miRNAs that inhibit tumor progression. These miRNAs regulate the actin cytoskeleton, the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors including integrins and ECM-remodeling enzymes comprising matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and regulate epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), hence modulating cell migration and invasiveness. Moreover, miRNAs regulate angiogenesis, the formation of a pre-metastatic niche, and metastasis. Thus, miRNAs are biomarkers of metastases as well as promising targets of therapy. In this review, we comprehensively describe the role of various miRNAs in tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis.
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M'baya-Moutoula E, Marchand A, Six I, Bahrar N, Celic T, Mougenot N, Maitrias P, Massy ZA, Lompré AM, Metzinger L, Metzinger-Le Meuth V. Inhibition of miR-223 Expression Using a Sponge Strategy Decreases Restenosis in Rat Injured Carotids. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 18:507-516. [PMID: 31284864 DOI: 10.2174/1570161117666190705141152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Restenosis is a frequent complication of angioplasty. It consists of a neointimal hyperplasia resulting from progression and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) into the vessel lumen. microRNA miR-223 has recently been shown to be involved in cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, vascular calcification and arterial thrombosis. In this study, our aim was to assess the impact of miR-223 modulation on restenosis in a rat model of carotid artery after balloon injury. METHODS The over and down-expression of miR-223 was induced by adenoviral vectors, containing either a pre-miR-223 sequence allowing artificial miR-223 expression or a sponge sequence, trapping the native microRNA, respectively. Restenosis was quantified on stained rat carotid sections. RESULTS In vitro, three mRNA (Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2C (MEF2C), Ras homolog gene family, member B (RhoB) and Nuclear factor 1 A-type (NFIA)) reported as miR-223 direct targets and known to be implicated in VSMC differentiation and contractility were studied by RT-qPCR. Our findings showed that down-expression of miR-223 significantly reduced neointimal hyperplasia by 44% in carotids, and was associated with a 2-3-fold overexpression of MEF2C, RhoB and NFIA in a murine monocyte macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. CONCLUSION Down-regulating miR-223 could be a potential therapeutic approach to prevent restenosis after angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Marchand
- Departement des Analyses, Agence Francaise de Lutte contre le Dopage, 143 avenue Roger Salengro 92290 Châtenay- Malabry, France
| | - Isabelle Six
- INSERM U1088, CURS, CHU Amiens Picardie, Avenue Rene Laennec, Salouel, F-80054, Amiens, France
| | - Noura Bahrar
- INSERM U1088, CURS, CHU Amiens Picardie, Avenue Rene Laennec, Salouel, F-80054, Amiens, France
| | - Tanja Celic
- INSERM U1088, CURS, CHU Amiens Picardie, Avenue Rene Laennec, Salouel, F-80054, Amiens, France
| | - Nathalie Mougenot
- Plateau d'Experimentation Coeur, Muscle, Vaisseaux IFR 14, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Maitrias
- INSERM U1088, CURS, CHU Amiens Picardie, Avenue Rene Laennec, Salouel, F-80054, Amiens, France
| | - Ziad A Massy
- Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Pare University Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM U1018-Team5-CESP, UVSQ, Boulogne Billancourt/ Villejuif, France
| | - Anne-Marie Lompré
- INSERM UMRS 956 Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Faculte de Medecine, 91 Boulevard De l'hopital, 75634, Paris, Cedex 13, France
| | - Laurent Metzinger
- INSERM U1088, CURS, CHU Amiens Picardie, Avenue Rene Laennec, Salouel, F-80054, Amiens, France
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20
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Shabgah AG, Salmaninejad A, Thangavelu L, Alexander M, Yumashev AV, Goleij P, Hedayati-Moghadam M, Mohammadi H, Ahmadi M, Navashenaq JG. The role of non-coding genome in the behavior of infiltrated myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor microenvironment; a perspective and state-of-the-art in cancer targeted therapy. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 161:17-26. [PMID: 33259833 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the healthcare problems that affect many communities around the world. Many factors contribute to cancer development. Besides, these factors are counted as the main impediment in cancer immunotherapy. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of these impediments. MDSCs inhibit the immune responses through various mechanisms such as inhibitory cytokine release and nitric oxide metabolite production. Several factors are involved in forming these cells, including tumor secreted cytokine and chemokines, transcription factors, and non-coding RNA. In the meantime, micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the vital gene regulatory elements that affect gene expression. In this study, we are going to discuss the role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in MDSCs development in a cancer situation. It is hoped that miRNA and lncRNAs targeting may prevent the growth and development of these inhibitory cells in the cancer environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Gowhari Shabgah
- School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran; Student Research Committee, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Alexei Valerievich Yumashev
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pouya Goleij
- Sana Institute of Higher Education, Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq
- Student Research Committee, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran; Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.
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21
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The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102944. [PMID: 33053887 PMCID: PMC7600503 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The development of uveal melanoma is a multifactorial and multi-step process, in which abnormal gene expression plays a key role. Recently, several studies have highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs in the progression of uveal melanoma by affecting different signaling pathways. As important agents in the regulation of genes, non-coding RNAs have enormous potential to open up therapeutic pathways, predict response to treatment, and anticipate patient outcome for uveal melanoma. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view of what we know about ncRNAs in uveal melanoma currently. Abstract Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adulthood. Approximately 50% of patients develop metastatic disease, which typically affects the liver and is usually fatal within one year. This type of cancer is heterogeneous in nature and is divided into two broad groups of tumors according to their susceptibility to develop metastasis. In the last decade, chromosomal abnormalities and the aberrant expression of several signaling pathways and oncogenes in uveal melanomas have been described. Recently, importance has been given to the association of the mentioned deregulation with the expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Here, we review the different classes of ncRNAs—such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs)—and their contribution to the development of UM. Special attention is given to miRNAs and their regulatory role in physiopathology and their potential as biomarkers. As important agents in gene regulation, ncRNAs have a huge potential for opening up therapeutic pathways, predicting response to treatment, and anticipating patient outcome for UM.
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22
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Safarzadeh E, Asadzadeh Z, Safaei S, Hatefi A, Derakhshani A, Giovannelli F, Brunetti O, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. MicroRNAs and lncRNAs-A New Layer of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Regulation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:572323. [PMID: 33133086 PMCID: PMC7562789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.572323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) constitute an important component in regulating immune responses in several abnormal physiological conditions such as cancer. Recently, novel regulatory tumor MDSC biology modulating mechanisms, including differentiation, expansion and function, were defined. There is growing evidence that miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are involved in modulating transcriptional factors to become complex regulatory networks that regulate the MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment. It is possible that aberrant expression of miRNAs and lncRNA contributes to MDSC biological characteristics under pathophysiological conditions. This review provides an overview on miRNAs and lncRNAs epiregulation of MDSCs development and immunosuppressive functions in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Safarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahar Safaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arash Hatefi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Medical Oncology Unit-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giovannelli
- Medical Oncology Unit-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology (DIMO)-University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Hager S, Fittler FJ, Wagner E, Bros M. Nucleic Acid-Based Approaches for Tumor Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:E2061. [PMID: 32917034 PMCID: PMC7564019 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the last decade, the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors proposed to boost the patients' anti-tumor immune response has proven the efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches for tumor therapy. Furthermore, especially in the context of the development of biocompatible, cell type targeting nano-carriers, nucleic acid-based drugs aimed to initiate and to enhance anti-tumor responses have come of age. This review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the therapeutic use of nucleic acids for cancer treatment on various levels, comprising (i) mRNA and DNA-based vaccines to be expressed by antigen presenting cells evoking sustained anti-tumor T cell responses, (ii) molecular adjuvants, (iii) strategies to inhibit/reprogram tumor-induced regulatory immune cells e.g., by RNA interference (RNAi), (iv) genetically tailored T cells and natural killer cells to directly recognize tumor antigens, and (v) killing of tumor cells, and reprograming of constituents of the tumor microenvironment by gene transfer and RNAi. Aside from further improvements of individual nucleic acid-based drugs, the major perspective for successful cancer therapy will be combination treatments employing conventional regimens as well as immunotherapeutics like checkpoint inhibitors and nucleic acid-based drugs, each acting on several levels to adequately counter-act tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Hager
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | | | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
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24
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Li YF, Dong L, Li Y, Wei WB. A Review of MicroRNA in Uveal Melanoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6351-6359. [PMID: 32669855 PMCID: PMC7335863 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s253946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common and aggressive primary intraocular tumor in adults. UM is classified as a malignant tumor with a strong tendency of metastasis, which always leads to poor outcomes. At present, the pathogenesis of UM remains unclear and lacks effective therapies. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs), defined as a group of 21-23 nucleotides single-stranded noncoding RNAs, play a significant role in UM. By binding to the complementary sites within the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of message RNAs (mRNAs), miRNAs regulate genes by decaying mRNAs or inhibiting their translation. Thus, miRNAs can modulate various biological behaviors of tumors, including cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, miRNAs have shown clinical applications by serving as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, regulating immune response, and functioning as epigenetic regulators. It is reasonable to believe that miRNAs have wide application prospects in the early diagnosis and therapy of UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Bin Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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25
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Beltrán-García J, Osca-Verdegal R, Romá-Mateo C, Carbonell N, Ferreres J, Rodríguez M, Mulet S, García-López E, Pallardó FV, García-Giménez JL. Epigenetic biomarkers for human sepsis and septic shock: insights from immunosuppression. Epigenomics 2020; 12:617-646. [PMID: 32396480 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body responds to an infection damaging its own tissues. Sepsis survivors sometimes suffer from immunosuppression increasing the risk of death. To our best knowledge, there is no 'gold standard' for defining immunosuppression except for a composite clinical end point. As the immune system is exposed to epigenetic changes during and after sepsis, research that focuses on identifying new biomarkers to detect septic patients with immunoparalysis could offer new epigenetic-based strategies to predict short- and long-term pathological events related to this life-threatening state. This review describes the most relevant epigenetic mechanisms underlying alterations in the innate and adaptive immune responses described in sepsis and septic shock, and their consequences for immunosuppression states, providing several candidates to become epigenetic biomarkers that could improve sepsis management and help predict immunosuppression in postseptic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Beltrán-García
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia 46010, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain.,INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain.,EpiDisease S.L. (Spin-Off CIBER-ISCIII), Parc Científic de la Universitat de València, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Osca-Verdegal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Carlos Romá-Mateo
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia 46010, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain.,INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Nieves Carbonell
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain.,Intensive Care Unit, Clinical University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - José Ferreres
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain.,Intensive Care Unit, Clinical University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain.,Intensive Care Unit, Clinical University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Sandra Mulet
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain.,Intensive Care Unit, Clinical University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Eva García-López
- EpiDisease S.L. (Spin-Off CIBER-ISCIII), Parc Científic de la Universitat de València, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia 46010, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain.,INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - José Luis García-Giménez
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia 46010, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain.,INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain.,EpiDisease S.L. (Spin-Off CIBER-ISCIII), Parc Científic de la Universitat de València, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain
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26
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Amoah SK, Rodriguez BA, Logothetis CN, Chander P, Sellgren CM, Weick JP, Sheridan SD, Jantzie LL, Webster MJ, Mellios N. Exosomal secretion of a psychosis-altered miRNA that regulates glutamate receptor expression is affected by antipsychotics. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:656-665. [PMID: 31775160 PMCID: PMC7021900 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability of small secretory microvesicles known as exosomes to influence neuronal and glial function via their microRNA (miRNA) cargo has positioned them as a novel and effective method of cell-to-cell communication. However, little is known about the role of exosome-secreted miRNAs in the regulation of glutamate receptor gene expression and their relevance for schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). Using mature miRNA profiling and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) of SCZ (N = 29; 20 male and 9 female), BD (N = 26; 12 male and 14 female), and unaffected control (N = 25; 21 male and 4 female) subjects, we uncovered that miR-223, an exosome-secreted miRNA that targets glutamate receptors, was increased at the mature miRNA level in the OFC of SCZ and BD patients with positive history of psychosis at the time of death and was inversely associated with deficits in the expression of its targets glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA-type subunit 2B (GRIN2B) and glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA-type subunit 2 (GRIA2). Furthermore, changes in miR-223 levels in the OFC were positively and negatively correlated with inflammatory and GABAergic gene expression, respectively. Moreover, miR-223 was found to be enriched in astrocytes and secreted via exosomes, and antipsychotics were shown to control its cellular and exosomal localization in a cell-specific manner. Furthermore, addition of astrocytic exosomes in neuronal cultures resulted in a significant increase in miR-223 expression and a notable reduction in Grin2b and Gria2 mRNA levels, which was strongly inversely associated with miR-223 expression. Lastly, inhibition of astrocytic miR-223 abrogated the exosomal-mediated reduction in neuronal Grin2b expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the exosomal secretion of a psychosis-altered and glial-enriched miRNA that controls neuronal gene expression is regulated by antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen K. Amoah
- 0000 0001 2188 8502grid.266832.bDepartment of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM USA ,Autophagy inflammation and metabolism (AIM) center, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Brian A. Rodriguez
- 0000 0001 2188 8502grid.266832.bDepartment of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Constantine N. Logothetis
- 0000 0001 2188 8502grid.266832.bDepartment of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Praveen Chander
- 0000 0001 2188 8502grid.266832.bDepartment of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Carl M. Sellgren
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jason P. Weick
- 0000 0001 2188 8502grid.266832.bDepartment of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Steven D. Sheridan
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Center for Genomic Medicine, Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Center for Experimental Drugs and Diagnostics, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Lauren L. Jantzie
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Maree J. Webster
- 0000 0004 0473 2858grid.453353.7Laboratory of Brain Research, Stanley Medical Research Institute, Chevy Chase, MD USA
| | - Nikolaos Mellios
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA. .,Autophagy inflammation and metabolism (AIM) center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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27
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Jiang W, Zhu D, Wang C, Zhu Y. An immune relevant signature for predicting prognoses and immunotherapeutic responses in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Cancer Med 2020; 9:2774-2790. [PMID: 32096345 PMCID: PMC7163112 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are novel treatments that significantly improve the survival time of MIBC patients, but immunotherapeutic responses are different among MIBC patients. Therefore, it is urgent to find predictive biomarkers that can accurately identify MIBC patients who are sensitive to ICIs. In this study, we computed the relative abundances of 24 immune cells based on the expression profiles of MIBC patients using single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Unsupervised clustering analysis of the 24 immune cells was performed to classify MIBC patients into different immune‐infiltrating groups. Genome (gene mutation and copy number variation), transcriptome (mRNA, lncRNA, and miRNA), and functional enrichment were found to be heterogeneous among different immune‐infiltrating groups. We identified 282 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with immune infiltration by comparing the expression profiles of patients with different immune infiltration profiles, and 20 core prognostic DEGs were identified by univariate Cox regression analysis. An immune‐relevant gene signature (TIM signature) consisting of nine key prognostic DEGs (CCDC80, CD3D, CIITA, FN1, GBP4, GNLY, SPINK1, UBD, and VIM) was constructed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and subgroup analysis confirmed that the TIM signature was an ideal biomarker for predicting the prognosis of MIBC patients. Its value in predicting immunotherapeutic responses was also validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (AUC = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.63‐0.74) and the IMvigor210 cohort (AUC = 0.64, 95% = 0.55‐0.74). The TIM signature demonstrates a powerful ability to distinguish MIBC patients with different prognoses and immunotherapeutic responses, but more prospective studies are needed to assess its reliability in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghe Wang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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28
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Lim J, Lee A, Lee HG, Lim JS. Modulation of Immunosuppression by Oligonucleotide-Based Molecules and Small Molecules Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:1-17. [PMID: 31431006 PMCID: PMC6939693 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature myeloid cells that exert suppressive function on the immune response. MDSCs expand in tumor-bearing hosts or in the tumor microenvironment and suppress T cell responses via various mechanisms, whereas a reduction in their activities has been observed in autoimmune diseases or infections. It has been reported that the symptoms of various diseases, including malignant tumors, can be alleviated by targeting MDSCs. Moreover, MDSCs can contribute to patient resistance to therapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors. In line with these therapeutic approaches, diverse oligonucleotide-based molecules and small molecules have been evaluated for their therapeutic efficacy in several disease models via the modulation of MDSC activity. In the current review, MDSC-targeting oligonucleotides and small molecules are briefly summarized, and we highlight the immunomodulatory effects on MDSCs in a variety of disease models and the application of MDSC-targeting molecules for immuno-oncologic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Lim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Lim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea.,Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
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29
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Su Y, Qiu Y, Qiu Z, Qu P. MicroRNA networks regulate the differentiation, expansion and suppression function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor microenvironment. J Cancer 2019; 10:4350-4356. [PMID: 31413755 PMCID: PMC6691713 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), one heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells, have suppressive function on immune response during tumor, inflammation, infection and autoimmune diseases. The molecular mechanism underlying expansion and function of MDSCs is becoming appreciated to manipulate immune response in the diseases. MicroRNA (miRNAs) as one short noncoding RNAs, are involved in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and maturation. However, it needs to be further studied how miRNAs mediate the development and function of MDSC in association with cancer and other diseases. In the review, we report and discuss recent studies that miRNAs networks regulate the differentiation, expansion and suppression function of MDSCs in tumor microenvironment or other diseases through different signaling pathways. Those studies may provide one novel potential approach for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Su
- Department of Histology and embryology, Shangdong First Medical University & Shangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shangdong, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- National Engineering Lab for Druggable gene and protein screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhidong Qiu
- Department of pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Qu
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
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30
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Budhwar S, Verma P, Verma R, Rai S, Singh K. The Yin and Yang of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2776. [PMID: 30555467 PMCID: PMC6280921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, most of our knowledge about myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) has come from cancer studies, which depicts Yin side of MDSCs. In cancer, inherent immunosuppressive action of MDSCs favors tumor progression by inhibiting antitumor immune response. However, recently Yang side of MDSCs has also been worked out and suggests the role in maintenance of homeostasis during non-cancer situations like pregnancy, obesity, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders. Continued work in this area has armored the biological importance of these cells as master regulators of immune system and prompted scientists all over the world to look from a different perspective. Therefore, explicating Yin and Yang arms of MDSCs is obligatory to use it as a double edged sword in a much smarter way. This review is an attempt toward presenting a synergistic coalition of all the facts and controversies that exist in understanding MDSCs, bring them on the same platform and approach their "Yin and Yang" nature in a more comprehensive and coherent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehil Budhwar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Priyanka Verma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rachna Verma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sangeeta Rai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Kiran Singh
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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31
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Bonomi M, Ahmed T, Addo S, Kooshki M, Palmieri D, Levine BJ, Ruiz J, Grant S, Petty WJ, Triozzi PL. Circulating immune biomarkers as predictors of the response to pembrolizumab and weekly low dose carboplatin and paclitaxel in NSCLC and poor PS: An interim analysis. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1349-1356. [PMID: 30655905 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of standard-dose chemotherapy and immunotherapy has been shown to be beneficial for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with good performance status (PS). However, treatment options for patients with poor PS are limited. In the present study, the feasibility and immunological effects of low-dose chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel combined with immunotherapy with pembrolizumab were examined in patients with metastatic NSCLC and a poor PS. Patients with advanced NSCLC and a PS of 2 were randomized to single-agent pembrolizumab at 200 mg every 3 weeks or pembrolizumab combined with weekly carboplatin area under the curve 1 and paclitaxel 25 mg/m2. Blood for circulating immune cell phenotyping, soluble program death ligand 1 (sPD-L1) and immune-modulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) was collected prior to treatment and at weeks 4 and 7. Ten patients were randomized to the combination arm and 10 to the single-agent arm. Therapy was well tolerated. Four patients discontinued carboplatin due to hypersensitivity reactions but continued pembrolizumab and paclitaxel treatments. Increases in activated CD4+ T cells and in immune-regulatory miRNA, and decreases in myeloid derived suppressor cells were observed in the blood of patients in the combination arm and not in the single-agent arm. Changes in circulating regulatory T cells and sPD-L1 were not observed. Seven patients in the combination arm manifested a partial response compared with only two in the single-agent arm. Weekly low-dose chemotherapy carboplatin and paclitaxel was well tolerated and immunologically active when combined with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced NSCLC and a PS of 2. This combination merits further study in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Bonomi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tamjeed Ahmed
- Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Safoa Addo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Mitra Kooshki
- Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Dario Palmieri
- Solid Tumor Biology Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Beverly J Levine
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jimmy Ruiz
- Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Stefan Grant
- Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - William J Petty
- Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Pierre L Triozzi
- Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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32
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Role of miR-223 in the pathophysiology of liver diseases. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-12. [PMID: 30258086 PMCID: PMC6158210 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs, which can regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally, and they have emerged as key factors in disease biology by aiding in disease development and progression. MiR-223 is highly conserved during evolution and it was first described as a modulator of hematopoietic lineage differentiation. MiR-223 has an essential part in inflammation by targeting the nuclear factor-κB pathway and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome. Recent studies have shown that miR-223 expression is deregulated in various types of liver diseases, including hepatitis virus infections, alcohol-induced liver injury, drug-induced liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. As inflammatory and immune factors are involved in the occurrence and progress of liver diseases, deregulated miR-223 may participate in the pathogenesis of these conditions by influencing neutrophil infiltration, macrophage polarization, and inflammasome activation. This review first summarizes the present understanding of the biological functions of miR-223, including its gene location and transcription regulation, as well as its physiological role in hematopoietic differentiation. This review then focuses on the role of miR-223 in liver pathophysiology and its potential applications as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in liver diseases. A tiny RNA molecule involved with gene regulation may offer an appealing target for diagnosing and treating various liver diseases. MicroRNA-223 (miR-223) was first identified as controlling gene activity in a wide variety of immune cells. A review from researchers led by Yanning Liu at China’s Zhejiang University in Hangzhou details how abnormal miR-223 also contributes to liver damage in a variety of conditions, although questions still remain about how it functions in different liver disorders. The authors highlight studies linking miR-223 with the development of fibrosis and cirrhosis, and with the inflammatory response to injury from drugs, alcohol, or infection. This could make this microRNA a useful diagnostic biomarker. The authors also identify therapeutic opportunities to modulate this molecule, referring to several studies on the manipulation of miR-223 to treat hepatitis.
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33
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Jiang J, Gao Q, Gong Y, Huang L, Lin H, Zhou X, Liang X, Guo W. MiR-486 promotes proliferation and suppresses apoptosis in myeloid cells by targeting Cebpa in vitro. Cancer Med 2018; 7:4627-4638. [PMID: 30073773 PMCID: PMC6143942 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The monocytic MDSC (M‐MDSC) is one of the major types of MDSCs, which play important roles in suppression of antitumor immunity. However, the mechanisms underlying how M‐MDSCs so heavily accumulate in patients with cancer are still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to identify miRNAs that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of M‐MDSCs. Microarray analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs between tumor‐induced M‐MDSCs (TM‐MDSCs) and their counterparts from tumor‐free mice. The miRNAs and their target genes that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid cells were predicted by bioinformatics analysis and validated by RT‐qPCR. Luciferase reporter assays were used to analyze the relationships between miRNAs and target genes. Overexpression of candidate miRNAs and target genes in myeloid cells was conducted to verify their functions in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Our data showed that miR‐486 was overexpressed in TM‐MDSCs. Cebpa was predicted to be one of the target genes of miR‐486 that regulates the proliferation of myeloid cells. Expression of Cebpa was inversely correlated with miR‐486 in TM‐MDSCs, and we found that overexpression of miR‐486 suppressed the expression of Cebpa in both 293T cells determined by luciferase reporter assays and in myeloid cells determined by RT‐qPCR. Overexpression of miR‐486 promoted proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in myeloid cells, as opposed to overexpression of Cebpa, which promoted the opposing phenotype. Overexpression of either miR‐486 or Cebpa inhibited differentiation of myeloid cells. This study indicates that miR‐486 promotes proliferation and suppresses apoptosis in myeloid cells by targeting Cebpa in vitro, suggesting that miR‐486 and Cebpa might be involved in the expansion of TM‐MDSCs in tumor‐bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Jiang
- Department of Medical OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qingmin Gao
- Department of OncologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yiwei Gong
- Department of Medical OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Lizhen Huang
- School of Bioscience and BioengineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of OncologyHuashan Hospital NorthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinli Zhou
- Department of OncologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Department of OncologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Weijian Guo
- Department of Medical OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
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Hossain F, Majumder S, Ucar DA, Rodriguez PC, Golde TE, Minter LM, Osborne BA, Miele L. Notch Signaling in Myeloid Cells as a Regulator of Tumor Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1288. [PMID: 29915603 PMCID: PMC5994797 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, which stimulates or augments host immune responses to treat malignancies, is the latest development in the rapidly advancing field of cancer immunology. The basic principles of immunotherapies are either to enhance the functions of specific components of the immune system or to neutralize immune-suppressive signals produced by cancer cells or tumor microenvironment cells. When successful, these approaches translate into long-term survival for patients. However, durable responses are only seen in a subset of patients and so far, only in some cancer types. As for other cancer treatments, resistance to immunotherapy can also develop. Numerous research groups are trying to understand why immunotherapy is effective in some patients but not others and to develop strategies to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy. The Notch signaling pathway is involved in many aspects of tumor biology, from angiogenesis to cancer stem cell maintenance to tumor immunity. The role of Notch in the development and modulation of the immune response is complex, involving an intricate crosstalk between antigen-presenting cells, T-cell subpopulations, cancer cells, and other components of the tumor microenvironment. Elegant studies have shown that Notch is a central mediator of tumor-induced T-cell anergy and that activation of Notch1 in CD8 T-cells enhances cancer immunotherapy. Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells, altered dendritic cells, and tumor-associated macrophages along with regulatory T cells, are major obstacles to the development of successful cancer immunotherapies. In this article, we focus on the roles of Notch signaling in modulating tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and discuss implications for therapeutic strategies that modulate Notch signaling to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fokhrul Hossain
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Samarpan Majumder
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Deniz A Ucar
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- H. Lee Moffitt Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Neurosciences, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida at Gainesville, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lisa M Minter
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Barbara A Osborne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Piperigkou Z, Götte M, Theocharis AD, Karamanos NK. Insights into the key roles of epigenetics in matrix macromolecules-associated wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:16-36. [PMID: 29079535 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic network of macromolecules, playing a regulatory role in cell functions, tissue regeneration and remodeling. Wound healing is a tissue repair process necessary for the maintenance of the functionality of tissues and organs. This highly orchestrated process is divided into four temporally overlapping phases, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodeling. The dynamic interplay between ECM and resident cells exerts its critical role in many aspects of wound healing, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, survival, matrix degradation and biosynthesis. Several epigenetic regulatory factors, such as the endogenous non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs), are the drivers of the wound healing response. microRNAs have pivotal roles in regulating ECM composition during wound healing and dermal regeneration. Their expression is associated with the distinct phases of wound healing and they serve as target biomarkers and targets for systematic regulation of wound repair. In this article we critically present the importance of epigenetics with particular emphasis on miRNAs regulating ECM components (i.e. glycoproteins, proteoglycans and matrix proteases) that are key players in wound healing. The clinical relevance of miRNA targeting as well as the delivery strategies designed for clinical applications are also presented and discussed.
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Zhang C, Wang S, Liu Y, Yang C. Epigenetics in myeloid derived suppressor cells: a sheathed sword towards cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57452-57463. [PMID: 27458169 PMCID: PMC5303001 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a heterogeneous population of cells composed of progenitors and precursors to myeloid cells, are deemed to participate in the development of tumor-favoring immunosuppressive microenvironment. Thus, the regulatory strategies targeting MDSCs' expansion, differentiation, accumulation and function could possibly be effective “weapons” in anti-tumor immunotherapies. Epigenetic mechanisms, which involve DNA modification, covalent histone modification and RNA interference, result in the heritable down-regulation or silencing of gene expression without a change in DNA sequences. Epigenetic modification of MDSC's functional plasticity leads to the remodeling of its characteristics, therefore reframing the microenvironment towards countering tumor growth and metastasis. This review summarized the pertinent findings on the DNA methylation, covalent histone modification, microRNAs and small interfering RNAs targeting MDSC in cancer genesis, progression and metastasis. The potentials as well as possible obstacles in translating into anti-cancer therapeutics were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- General Surgery, Department of Nursing, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
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MiRNAs at the Crossroads between Innate Immunity and Cancer: Focus on Macrophages. Cells 2018; 7:cells7020012. [PMID: 29419779 PMCID: PMC5850100 DOI: 10.3390/cells7020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells form an integrative component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which can control or prevent tumor initiation and progression, due to the simultaneous processing of both anti- and pro-growth signals. This decision-making process is a consequence of gene expression changes, which are in part dependent on post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. In this context, microRNAs have been shown to regulate both recruitment and activation of specific tumor-associated immune cells in the TME. This review aims to describe the most important microRNAs that target cancer-related innate immune pathways. The role of exosomal microRNAs in tumor progression and microRNA-based therapeutic strategies are also discussed.
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Dual negative roles of C/EBPα in the expansion and pro-tumor functions of MDSCs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14048. [PMID: 29070836 PMCID: PMC5656646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are greatly expanded in cancer patients and tumor-bearing mice. They infiltrate into tumors and modulate the tumor microenvironment. In an effort to identify molecular mediators responsible for expansion and the tumor-promoting function of MDSCs, we discovered CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) expression was significantly reduced in MDSCs from tumor-bearing mice compared to non-tumor-bearing hosts. Tumor-conditioned medium down-regulated C/EBPα expression, suggesting tumor secreted factors inhibiting the gene expression. Consistent with the function of C/EBPα in regulating the balance between proliferation and growth arrest in hematopoietic progenitors, myeloid lineage specific deletion of C/EBPα resulted in significantly enhanced MDSC proliferation and expansion, as well as an increase of myeloid progenitors and a decrease of mature cells. In addition, deletion of C/EBPα in MDSCs enhanced the pro-angiogenic, immune suppressive and pro-tumorigenic behavior of these cells by upregulating the production of iNOS and arginase, as well as MMP-9 and VEGF. Accordingly, tumors growing in C/EBPα conditional null mice displayed greater MDSC infiltration, increased vascularization and accelerated tumor growth. Taken together, this study reveals dual negative roles of C/EBPα in the expansion as well as pro-angiogenic and immune suppressive functions in MDSCs.
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Pilot Study of Whole Blood MicroRNAs as Potential Tools for Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas Detection. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:715-725. [PMID: 28815332 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Earlier diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring of diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGG) increase overall survival by maximizing surgery efficacy and optimizing time for an adjuvant treatment when resection is incomplete. Presently, only imaging permits the non-invasive detection and monitoring of DLGG, but it lacks sensitivity. Measure of circulating microRNAs levels could represent a non-invasive alternative. We hypothesized that slow-growing DLGG induce overtime a systemic reaction impacting blood cells microRNA profiles, while the intact blood-brain barrier restricts the passage of tumor microRNAs into bloodstream. In 15 DLGG patients and 15 healthy controls, expression levels of 758 microRNAs were measured by the TaqMan OpenArray RT-qPCR platform, on preoperative whole blood, containing both cell-free and blood cells microRNAs. Normalized data were computed by a Student t test with a p value threshold allowing a 10% rate of false positive. Statistical analysis retained fifteen microRNAs, all overexpressed in patients. MiR-20a, miR-106a, miR-20b, and miR-93 belong to clusters genetically related. As miR-223 and miR-let7e, they target the transcription factor STAT3. MicroRNA expression levels were not correlated to preoperative tumor volume. A signature composed of miR-93, miR-590-3p, and miR-454 enabled to nearly perfectly separate patients from controls. Our study performed on a homogeneous cohort was designed accordingly to DLGG particularities and provided the first microRNAs signature proposal. Functional convergence on STAT3 and overexpression of miR-223, factors respectively involved in myeloid-derived suppressor cells and granulocytes, argued for a systemic peripheral response. Overexpressed microRNAs and tumor volume were uncorrelated, making a tumor origin elusive.
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Cantoni C, Cignarella F, Ghezzi L, Mikesell B, Bollman B, Berrien-Elliott MM, Ireland AR, Fehniger TA, Wu GF, Piccio L. Mir-223 regulates the number and function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:61-77. [PMID: 27704281 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived cells play important modulatory and effector roles in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature myeloid cells, composed of monocytic (MO) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) fractions, which can suppress T cell activities in EAE. Their role in MS remains poorly characterized. We found decreased numbers of circulating MDSCs, driven by lower frequencies of the MO-MDSCs, and higher MDSC expression of microRNA miR-223 in MS versus healthy subjects. To gain mechanistic insights, we interrogated the EAE model. MiR-223 knock out (miR-223-/-) mice developed less severe EAE with increased MDSC numbers in the spleen and spinal cord compared to littermate controls. MiR-223-/- MO-MDSCs suppressed T cell proliferation and cytokine production in vitro and EAE in vivo more than wild-type MO-MDSCs. They also displayed an increased expression of critical mediators of MDSC suppressive function, Arginase-1(Arg1), and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), which herein, we demonstrate being an miR-223 target gene. Consistently, MDSCs from MS patients displayed decreased STAT3 and ARG1 expression compared with healthy controls, suggesting that circulating MDSCs in MS are not only reduced in numbers but also less suppressive. These results support a critical role for miR-223 in modulating MDSC biology in EAE and in MS and suggest potential novel therapeutic applications.
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Liu M, Zhou J, Chen Z, Cheng ASL. Understanding the epigenetic regulation of tumours and their microenvironments: opportunities and problems for epigenetic therapy. J Pathol 2016; 241:10-24. [PMID: 27770445 DOI: 10.1002/path.4832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment plays an instrumental role in cancer development, progression and treatment response/resistance. Accumulating evidence is underscoring the fundamental importance of epigenetic regulation in tumour immune evasion. Following many pioneering discoveries demonstrating malignant transformation through epigenetic anomalies ('epimutations'), there is also a growing emphasis on elucidating aberrant epigenetic mechanisms that reprogramme the milieu of tumour-associated immune and stromal cells towards an immunosuppressive state. Pharmacological inhibition of DNA methylation and histone modifications can augment the efficiency of immune checkpoint blockage, and unleash anti-tumour T-cell responses. However, these non-specific agents also represent a 'double-edged sword', as they can also reactivate gene transcription of checkpoint molecules, interrupting immune surveillance programmes. By understanding the impact of epigenetic control on the tumour microenvironment, rational combinatorial epigenetic and checkpoint blockage therapies have the potential to harness the immune system for the treatment of cancer. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Jingying Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Alfred Sze-Lok Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
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Signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins: regulators of myeloid-derived suppressor cell-mediated immunosuppression in cancer. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1597-1608. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Triozzi PL, Achberger S, Aldrich W, Crabb JW, Saunthararajah Y, Singh AD. Association of tumor and plasma microRNA expression with tumor monosomy-3 in patients with uveal melanoma. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:80. [PMID: 27453764 PMCID: PMC4957327 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic events mediated by methylation and histone modifications have been associated with the development of metastasis in patients with uveal melanoma. The role of epigenetic events mediated by microRNA (miR) is less clear. Tumor and plasma miR expression was examined in patients with primary uveal melanoma with tumor monosomy-3, a predictor of metastasis. RESULTS miR profiling of tumors by microarray found six miRs over-expressed and 19 under-expressed in 33 tumors with monosomy-3 compared to 22 without. None of the miRs differentially expressed in tumors with and without monosomy-3 was differentially expressed in tumors with and without tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Tumors manifesting monosomy-3 were also characterized by higher levels of TARBP2 and DDX17 and by lower levels of XPO5 and HIWI, miR biogenesis factors. miR profiling of plasma by a quantitative nuclease protection assay found elevated levels of 11 miRs and reduction in four in patients with tumor monosomy-3. Only three miRs differentially expressed in the tumor arrays were detectable in plasma. miRs implicated in uveal melanoma development were not differentially expressed. Elevated plasma levels in patients with tumor monosomy-3 of miR-92b, identified in the tumor array, and of miR-199-5p and miR-223, identified in the plasma array, were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Levels were also higher in patients compared to normal controls. CONCLUSIONS These results support a role for epigenetic mechanisms in the development of metastasis in patients with uveal melanoma and the analysis of miRs as biomarkers of metastatic risk. They also suggest that potentially useful blood miRs may be derived from the host response as well as the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre L Triozzi
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH USA ; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Susan Achberger
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Wayne Aldrich
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - John W Crabb
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH USA
| | | | - Arun D Singh
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH USA
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Li X, Nie J, Mei Q, Han WD. MicroRNAs: Novel immunotherapeutic targets in colorectal carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5317-5331. [PMID: 27340348 PMCID: PMC4910653 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i23.5317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide and the prognosis for CRC patients with recurrence or metastasis is extremely poor. Although chemotherapy and radiation therapy can improve survival, there are still numerous efforts to be performed. Immunotherapy is frequently used, either alone or in combination with other therapies, for the treatment of CRC and is a safe and feasible way to improve CRC treatment. Furthermore, the significance of the immune system in the biology of CRC has been demonstrated by retrospective assessments of immune infiltrates in resected CRC tumors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that can regulate multiple target genes at the post-transcriptional level and play critical roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. MiRNAs are required for normal immune system development and function. Nevertheless, aberrant expression of miRNAs is often observed in various tumor types and leads to immune disorders or immune evasion. The immunomodulatory function of miRNAs indicates that miRNAs may ultimately be part of the portfolio of anti-cancer targets. Herein, we will review the potential roles of miRNAs in the regulation of the immune response in CRC and then move on to discuss how to utilize different miRNA targets to treat CRC. We also provide an overview of the major limitations and challenges of using miRNAs as immunotherapeutic targets.
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Doxorubicin resistant cancer cells activate myeloid-derived suppressor cells by releasing PGE2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23824. [PMID: 27032536 PMCID: PMC4817121 DOI: 10.1038/srep23824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapies often induce drug-resistance in cancer cells and simultaneously stimulate proliferation and activation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) to inhibit anti-tumor T cells, thus result in poor prognosis of patients with breast cancers. To date, the mechanism underlying the expansion of MDSCs in response to chemotherapies is poorly understood. In the present study, we used in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal studies to demonstrate that doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells secret significantly more prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) than their parental doxorubicin-sensitive cells. The secreted PGE2 can stimulate expansion and polymerization of MDSCs by directly target to its receptors, EP2/EP4, on the surface of MDSCs, which consequently triggers production of miR-10a through activating PKA signaling. More importantly, activated MDSCs can inhibit CD4+CD25− T cells as evidenced by reduced proliferation and IFN-γ release. In order to determine the molecular pathway that involves miR-10a mediated activation of MDSCs, biochemical and pharmacological studies were carried out. We found that miR-10a can activate AMPK signaling to promote expansion and activation of MDSCs. Thus, these results reveal, for the first time, a novel role of PGE2/miR-10a/AMPK signaling axis in chemotherapy-induced immune resistance, which might be targeted for treatment of chemotherapy resistant tumors.
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Liu Q, Li Y, Niu Z, Zong Y, Wang M, Yao L, Lu Z, Liao Q, Zhao Y. Atorvastatin (Lipitor) attenuates the effects of aspirin on pancreatic cancerogenesis and the chemotherapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer by promoting M2 polarized tumor associated macrophages. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:33. [PMID: 26879926 PMCID: PMC4754966 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interactions of inflammatory cells with pancreatic cancer cells play crucial roles in pancreatic cancer, however the dynamic changes of inflammatory cell populations in pancreatic cancerogensis and after chemotherapy have not been well eclucidated. The combinational use of aspirin and atrovastatin (Lipitor) have been widely prescribled for cardio-cerebral vascular diseases mainly by regulation of inflammations, and they have been also reported to have plausible anti-tumor effects, however their potential roles in pancreatic cancerogenesis and chemotherapeutic effects have been seldom investigated. We scanned the dynamic changes of pan-inflammatory cell populations in pancreatic cancerogensis and after chemotherapy and found the potential target cell populations. Then we tested the roles of aspirin and Lipitor to regulate these inflammatory cell populations and their effects on pancreatic cancerogenesis and chemotherapeutic effects. METHODS Cancerogen, dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), was used to induce pancreatic cancerogenesis and subcatunous implantation of syngenic murine Panc02 pancreatic cancer cells was adopted as well. Gemcitabine was used for chemotherapy. The peripheral blood, pancreatic lesions and tumor samples were harvested and analyzed to search for the potential target cell populations. The roles of aspirin and Lipitor to regulate these cell populations and their potential effects on pancreatic cancerogenesis and chemotherapeutic efficacy were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We found progressive accumulations of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and M2-polarzied tumor associated macrophages(M2) in pancreatic lesions accompanied with dynamic reducations of cytotoxic T cells(CTL) and helper T cells(Th) in the progression of pancreatic cancerogenesis. After gemcitabine treatment, the MDSC significantly reduced, however M2 soared up unexpectedly. Aspirin could significantly inhibit the MDSC and M2 to prevent pancreatic cancerogenesis and improve chemotherapeutic effects of gemcitabine, however Lipitor did not significantly affect MDSC, instead it could promote M2 to attenuate the postive effects of aspirin and gemcitabine. CONCLUSIONS MDSC and M2 accumulate in progression of pancreatic cancerogenesis and gemcitabine can induce M2. Aspirin could prevent pancreatic cancerogenesis and improve efficacy of gemcitabine partially by inhibiting MDSC and M2, however when used in combination, Lipitor could weaken the efficacy of aspirin and gemcitabine partially by promoting M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Zheyu Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yi Zong
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Mengyi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Zhaohui Lu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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MicroRNAs and Inflammation in Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 937:53-69. [PMID: 27573894 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42059-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRC) are known to be related to inflammatory conditions, and inflammatory bowel diseases increase the relative risk for developing CRC. The use of anti-inflammatory drugs prevents the development of colorectal cancer.Several molecular mediators are connecting the pathways that are involved in inflammatory conditions and in carcinogenesis. By the way these pathways are tightly interwoven, with the consequence that a deregulation at the level of any of these molecular mediators can affect the others.MiRNAs are demonstrated to be deregulated in inflammatory bowel diseases and in colorectal cancer. Moreover, they target several molecular mediators that connect inflammation to cancer, and they are thus implicated in the route from inflammation to colorectal cancer.This chapter will focus on the miRNAs that are jointly deregulated in inflammatory bowel disease and in colorectal cancer. Their role on the regulation of the molecular mediators and pathways that link inflammation to cancer will be described.
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Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) facilitate distant metastasis of malignancies by shielding circulating tumor cells (CTC) from immune surveillance. Med Hypotheses 2015; 87:34-9. [PMID: 26826638 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of distant metastasis of malignancies largely remain unknown. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) derived from the primary cancer initiate distant metastasis by entering and traversing the bloodstream. Current methods to detect CTC are based on the notion that CTC do not express the common leukocyte antigen CD45. However, these methods neglect the fact that CTC can directly adhere to platelets and immune cells and therefore appear to be CD45-positive. The potential effects of interactions between CTC and adhesive immune cells have been largely overlooked, despite the fact that most CTC are killed by immune effector cells and only those that evade immune surveillance result in clonal expansion and metastatic lesions. It is crucial to define the characteristics that allow a select CTC population to escape immune surveillance; particularly, it must be determined whether interactions between CTC and adhesive immune cells provide a protective effect on CTC survival. If interactions between CTC and adhesive immune cells offer a selective advantage to those CTC cells, the next consideration is which characteristics of a CTC-immune cell population allow sufficient protection to facilitate immune evasion. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a large heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that accumulate during cancer progression to induce extensively systemic and local immunosuppression, a phenomenon that has been demonstrated to facilitate cancer distant metastasis. We hypothesize, therefore, that CTC populations interacting with adhesive immune cells will have different biological behavior than CTC populations alone. Further, we hypothesize that CTC can create a defensive shield consisting of adhesive MDSC, which allows evasion of immune surveillance and therefore facilitates distant metastatic lesions. This possibility highlights the importance of direct interactions between CTC and adhesive immune cells and suggests the potential target that the CTC-MDSC cluster represents for prevention and treatment of distant metastasis of malignancies.
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The immunobiology of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1387-406. [PMID: 26611648 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex and heterogeneous milieu in which multiple interactions occur between tumor and host cells. Immunosuppressive cells which are present in this microenvironment, such as regulatory T (Treg) cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), play an important role in tumor progression, via down-regulation of antitumor responses. MDSCs represent a heterogeneous group of cells originated from the myeloid lineage that are in the immature state. These cells markedly accumulate under pathologic conditions, such as cancer, infection, and inflammation, and use various mechanisms to inhibit both adaptive and innate immune responses. These immunosuppressive mechanisms include deprivation of T cells from essential amino acids, induction of oxidative stress, interference with viability and trafficking of T cells, induction of immunosuppressive cells, and finally polarizing immunity toward a tumor-promoting type 2 phenotype. In addition to suppression of antitumor immune responses, MDSCs can also enhance the tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. Previous studies have shown that increased frequency of MDSCs is related to the tumor progression. Moreover, various drugs that directly target these cells or reverse their suppressive activity can improve antitumor immune responses as well as increase the efficacy of immunotherapeutic intervention. In this review, we will first discuss on the immunobiology of MDSCs in an attempt to find the role of these cells in tumor progression and then discuss about therapeutic approaches to target these cells.
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Mira JC, Szpila BE, Nacionales DC, Lopez MC, Gentile LF, Mathias BJ, Vanzant EL, Ungaro R, Holden D, Rosenthal MD, Rincon J, Verdugo PT, Larson SD, Moore FA, Brakenridge SC, Mohr AM, Baker HV, Moldawer LL, Efron PA. Patterns of gene expression among murine models of hemorrhagic shock/trauma and sepsis. Physiol Genomics 2015; 48:135-44. [PMID: 26578697 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00072.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Controversy remains whether the leukocyte genomic response to trauma or sepsis is dependent upon the initiating stimulus. Previous work illustrated poor correlations between historical models of murine trauma and sepsis (i.e., trauma-hemorrhage and lipopolysaccharide injection, respectively). The aim of this study is to examine the early genomic response in improved murine models of sepsis [cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)] and trauma [polytrauma (PT)] with and without pneumonia (PT+Pp). Groups of naïve, CLP, PT, and PT+Pp mice were killed at 2 h, 1 or 3 days. Total leukocytes were isolated for genome-wide expression analysis, and genes that were found to differ from control (false discovery rate adjusted P < 0.001) were assessed for fold-change differences. Spearman correlations were also performed. For all time points combined (CLP, PT, PT+Pp), there were 10,426 total genes that were found to significantly differ from naïve controls. At 2 h, the transcriptomic changes between CLP and PT showed a positive correlation (rs) of 0.446 (P < 0.0001) but were less positive thereafter. Correlations were significantly improved when we limited the analysis to common genes whose expression differed by a 1.5 fold-change. Both pathway and upstream analyses revealed the activation of genes known to be associated with pathogen-associated and damage-associated molecular pattern signaling, and early activation patterns of expression were very similar between polytrauma and sepsis at the earliest time points. This study demonstrates that the early leukocyte genomic response to sepsis and trauma are very similar in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Mira
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Benjamin E Szpila
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Dina C Nacionales
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Maria-Cecilia Lopez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lori F Gentile
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Brittany J Mathias
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Erin L Vanzant
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Ricardo Ungaro
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - David Holden
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Martin D Rosenthal
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Jaimar Rincon
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Patrick T Verdugo
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Shawn D Larson
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Frederick A Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Scott C Brakenridge
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Henry V Baker
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
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