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Majumder A. HER3: Toward the Prognostic Significance, Therapeutic Potential, Current Challenges, and Future Therapeutics in Different Types of Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:2517. [PMID: 37947595 PMCID: PMC10648638 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is the only family member of the EGRF/HER family of receptor tyrosine kinases that lacks an active kinase domain (KD), which makes it an obligate binding partner with other receptors for its oncogenic role. When HER3 is activated in a ligand-dependent (NRG1/HRG) or independent manner, it can bind to other receptors (the most potent binding partner is HER2) to regulate many biological functions (growth, survival, nutrient sensing, metabolic regulation, etc.) through the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. HER3 has been found to promote tumorigenesis, tumor growth, and drug resistance in different cancer types, especially breast and non-small cell lung cancer. Given its ubiquitous expression across different solid tumors and role in oncogenesis and drug resistance, there has been a long effort to target HER3. As HER3 cannot be targeted through its KD with small-molecule kinase inhibitors via the conventional method, pharmaceutical companies have used various other approaches, including blocking either the ligand-binding domain or extracellular domain for dimerization with other receptors. The development of treatment options with anti-HER3 monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, and different combination therapies showed limited clinical efficiency for various reasons. Recent reports showed that the extracellular domain of HER3 is not required for its binding with other receptors, which raises doubt about the efforts and applicability of the development of the HER3-antibodies for treatment. Whereas HER3-directed antibody-drug conjugates showed potentiality for treatment, these drugs are still under clinical trial. The currently understood model for dimerization-induced signaling remains incomplete due to the absence of the crystal structure of HER3 signaling complexes, and many lines of evidence suggest that HER family signaling involves more than the interaction of two members. This review article will significantly expand our knowledge of HER3 signaling and shed light on developing a new generation of drugs that have fewer side effects than the current treatment regimen for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Majumder
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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2
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Shteinman ER, Vergara IA, Rawson RV, Lo SN, Maeda N, Koyama K, da Silva IP, Long GV, Scolyer RA, Wilmott JS, Menzies AM. Molecular and clinical correlates of HER3 expression highlights its potential role as a therapeutic target in melanoma. Pathology 2023:S0031-3025(23)00121-6. [PMID: 37286471 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor family member HER3 (erbB3) has been implicated in several types of cancer and recently drugs targeting HER3 have shown promising clinical activity. In melanoma, HER3 overexpression has been linked to both metastasis formation and resistance to drug therapy in cell culture models. Here, we sought to characterise the expression of HER3 in 187 melanoma biopsies (149 cutaneous, 38 mucosal) using immunohistochemistry, as well as to analyse the association between HER3 expression and molecular, clinical and pathological variables. A subset of the cutaneous melanoma specimens was taken prior to treatment with immune checkpoint blockade therapy (pre-ICB) (n=79). HER3 expression (≥1+) was observed in 136 of 187 samples (∼73%). HER3 expression was found to be markedly lower in the mucosal melanomas, with 17 of the 38 tumours (∼45%) demonstrating no HER3 expression. In cutaneous melanomas, there was a negative association between HER3 expression and mutational load, a positive association with NRAS mutational status, and a trend of negative association with PD-L1 expression. In the pre-ICB cohort, an association was found between high HER3 expression (≥2+) and overall survival after anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy. Overall, our results indicate that HER3 is a promising therapeutic avenue in cutaneous melanoma worthy of further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva R Shteinman
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ismael A Vergara
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert V Rawson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Serigne N Lo
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Inês Pires da Silva
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James S Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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3
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Lei X, Zhang Y, Mao L, Jiang P, Huang Y, Gu J, Tai N. Prognostic value of receptor tyrosine kinases in malignant melanoma patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of immunohistochemistry. Front Oncol 2022; 12:819051. [PMID: 36212475 PMCID: PMC9538722 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.819051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Substantial evidence suggests that receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are overexpressed in tumors; however, few studies have focused on the prognostic value of RTKs in melanoma. Objectives The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between overexpression of RTKs and survival in melanoma patients based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. Methods Our review is registered on PROSPERO (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO), registration number CRD42021261460. Seven databases were searched, and data were extracted. We used IHC to measure the association between overexpression of RTKs and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and clinicopathology in melanoma patients. Pooled analysis was conducted to assess the differences between Hazard Ratios along with 95% confidence intervals. Results Of 5,508 publications examined following the database search, 23 publications were included in this study, which included data from a total of 2,072 patients. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) overexpression was associated with worse OS and DFS in melanoma. Furthermore, there was an association between OS and the expression of several RTKs, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGF-R1), and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). There were no significant correlations between EGFR overexpression and worse DFS or PFS. EGFR overexpression was associated with worse OS cutaneous and nasal melanoma, but not uveal melanoma. However, MET overexpression was related to worse OS in both cutaneous and uveal melanoma. Furthermore, EGFR overexpression was associated with a worse OS in Europe compared to other geographic areas. Moreover, EGFR and MET overexpression showed significant prognostic value in patients with the cut-off “≥10% staining”. Conclusions Our findings build concrete evidence that overexpression of RTKs is associated with poor prognosis and clinicopathology in melanoma, highlighting RTK expression has the potential to inform individualized combination therapies and accurate prognostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Lei
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lianghao Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Pan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yumeng Huang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jia Gu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ningzheng Tai
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Ningzheng Tai,
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Almadori G, Coli A, De Corso E, Mele DA, Settimi S, Di Cintio G, Brigato F, Scannone D, Carey TE, Paludetti G, Lauriola L, Ranelletti FO. Nuclear HER3 expression improves the prognostic stratification of patients with HER1 positive advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2021; 19:408. [PMID: 34579737 PMCID: PMC8477517 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compared to the other members of human epidermal growth factor family receptors (HER), the role of HER3 has not been well defined in laryngeal cancer. The predictive and prognostic role of HER3 has been the focus of clinical attention but the research findings are contradictory, especially in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). The variable localization of HER3 within cancer cells and the role of HER3 in primary and acquired resistance to HER1-targeted therapies remain unclear. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of two cohorts of 66 homogeneous consecutive untreated primary advanced LSCC patients, in which co-expression of HER1, HER2 and HER3 receptors was investigated by semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry. The association of their pattern of expression with survival was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier and Cox’s proportional hazard analyses. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were developed to predict median 2- and 3-year RFS and 2.5- and 5-year OS. The Akaike information criterion technique and backwards stepwise procedure were used for model selections. The performance of the final Cox models was assessed with respect to calibration and discrimination. Results Immunohistochemical labeling for HER1 and HER2 was localized both in the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm, while HER3 labeling was observed both in the cell cytoplasm and in the nucleus. HER3 expression was inversely correlated with HER1 positivity. The expression patterns of HERs were associated with tumor differentiation. In both cohorts of patients, HER1 expression was associated with reduced relapse-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS). In HER1 positive tumors, the co-expression with nuclear HER3 was associated with better RFS and OS, compared with HER3 negative tumors or tumors expressing HER3 at cytoplasmic level. HER3 expressing tumors had a higher Geminin/MCM7 ratio than HER3 negative ones, regardless of HER1 co-expression. Multivariable analyses identified age at diagnosis, tumor site, HER1, HER3 and age at diagnosis, tumor stage, HER1, HER3, as covariates significantly associated with RFS and OS, respectively. Bootstrapping verified the good fitness of these models for predicting survivals and the optimism-corrected C-indices were 0.76 and 0.77 for RFS and OS, respectively. Conclusions Nuclear HER3 expression was strongly associated with favourable prognosis and allows to improve the prognostic stratification of patients with HER1 positive advanced LSCC carcinoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03081-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Almadori
- Unit of Head and Neck Oncology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS-Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy. .,Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy. .,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
| | - Antonella Coli
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Unit of Anatomic Pathology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Eugenio De Corso
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Dario Antonio Mele
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Settimi
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Cintio
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Brigato
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Domenico Scannone
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Thomas E Carey
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gaetano Paludetti
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Libero Lauriola
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Unit of Anatomic Pathology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
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Novel Prognostic Immunohistochemical Markers in Uveal Melanoma-Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164031. [PMID: 34439182 PMCID: PMC8391629 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The following study provides an overview of the English-language literature on the search for new prognostic factors for uveal melanoma. Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults, and although it is a relatively rare disease, it poses a significant health problem. About half of the patients develop distant metastases, and unfortunately there are currently no effective treatments for the disease at such an advanced stage. The search for new prognostic factors is important to understand the biology of the disease and to be able to monitor patients more effectively. At the same time, it creates an opportunity to find new therapeutic targets. We focused our attention on immunohistochemical research because it is a widely used method, relatively cheap, technically simple, and gives reproducible results. The analysis of this study will enable other researchers to verify their research plans and may also be a source of inspiration for creating new ones. Abstract Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular neoplasm in adults. As there are currently no effective methods of treating the disease in the metastatic stage, there is a need to search for new prognostic factors that would enable a reliable assessment of the patient’s condition and constitute a possible therapeutic target. In this review, we have prepared the results of English-language studies on new prognostic factors determined with immunohistochemical methods. We found 64 articles in which the expression of various proteins was associated in a statistically significant manner with the histopathological and clinical prognostic factors identified by AJCC. The results of our work clearly show that the biology of uveal melanoma is extraordinarily complex. Numerous studies have shed new light on the complexity of the processes involved in the development of this cancer. Moreover, a careful analysis of the expression of individual proteins may allow the identification of homogeneous groups of patients requiring different treatment regimens.
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Haikala HM, Jänne PA. Thirty Years of HER3: From Basic Biology to Therapeutic Interventions. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3528-3539. [PMID: 33608318 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HER3 is a pseudokinase member of the EGFR family having a role in both tumor progression and drug resistance. Although HER3 was discovered more than 30 years ago, no therapeutic interventions have reached clinical approval to date. Because the evidence of the importance of HER3 is accumulating, increased amounts of preclinical and clinical trials with HER3-targeting agents are emerging. In this review article, we discuss the most recent HER3 biology in tumorigenic events and drug resistance and provide an overview of the current and emerging strategies to target HER3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Haikala
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Veloso ES, Gonçalves INN, Silveira TL, Oliveira FS, Vieira DS, Cassali GD, Del Puerto HL, Ferreira E. Diverse roles of epidermal growth factors receptors in oral and cutaneous canine melanomas. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:24. [PMID: 31996230 PMCID: PMC6988198 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-2249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor receptors participate in the physiological processes such as regulation of morphogenesis, proliferation and cell migration, but when overexpressed or overactivated they may play an important role in neoplastic progression. Melanoma is the most aggressive skin neoplasm and is characterized by elevated invasion and low survival rates in both humans and dogs. In human melanomas the overexpression of EGFR, HER3 or HER4 is associated with poor prognosis. In canine melanomas the epidermal growth factor receptors expression has not been evaluated. Therefore, this study evaluated the expression of epidermal growth factor receptors by immunohistochemistry and investigated their relationship with morphological characteristics and proliferative indices in cutaneous and oral canine melanoma. RESULTS In cutaneous melanoma an increased proliferative index was associated with increased cytoplasmic HER4 and reduced EGFR and HER3 protein expression. In oral melanomas, membranous HER2 protein expression correlated with occurrence of emboli, but ERBB2 gene amplification wasn't observed. CONCLUSION Thus, our work evidenced the relationship between HER4 and the stimulus to cell proliferation in cutaneous melanomas, in addition to the relationship between HER2 and the occurrence of emboli in oral melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Soares Veloso
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Ivy Nayra Nascimento Gonçalves
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Tatiany Luiza Silveira
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Fernando Soares Oliveira
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Déborah Soares Vieira
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Helen Lima Del Puerto
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Enio Ferreira
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
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Arnli MB, Meta R, Lydersen S, Torp SH. HER3 and HER4 are highly expressed in human meningiomas. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152551. [PMID: 31400925 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
HER3 and HER4 are tyrosine kinase receptors of the ErbB family that have been detected in several cancers but lack substantial investigation in human meningiomas. In this study, HER3 and -4 expression levels were evaluated as potential biomarkers by immunohistochemistry and explored for association to clinical features in a large series of human meningiomas. 186 primary intracranial meningiomas from adult patients were investigated with antibodies against HER3 and -4 intracellular domains. Tumors were scored with a staining index (SI) based on cytoplasmic/membranous staining intensity and on the percentage of positive cells. SIs were tested for associations with WHO malignancy grade, tumor subtype, localization, and prognosis. HER3 and HER4 were highly expressed in most tumors. Both cytoplasmic and membranous immunoreactivity occurred, and for HER4 nuclear immunoreactivity was observed as well. Non-neoplastic meningeal tissue was not immunoreactive. HER3 and -4 immunoreactivity was not associated with WHO malignancy grade, nor with recurrence or survival in adjusted analyses. Meningiomas of all grades were shown to widely express both HER3 and HER4 receptors. This feature may have diagnostic value since non-neoplastic meninges were not immunoreactive. There was no prognostic significance in adjusted survival analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Bossum Arnli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), PO Box 8905, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Rahmina Meta
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), PO Box 8905, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; RKBU Midt-Norge, NTNU, Postboks 8905 MTFS, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Sverre Helge Torp
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), PO Box 8905, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Pathology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; St. Olavs hospital HF, Postboks 3250 Torgarden, 7006 Trondheim, Norway.
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Jha J, Singh MK, Singh L, Pushker N, Bajaj MS, Sen S, Kashyap S. Prognostic relevance of ATM protein in uveal melanoma and its association with clinicopathological factors. Int J Clin Oncol 2019; 24:1526-1535. [PMID: 31377937 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-019-01519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Uveal melanoma (UM) is an intraocular malignancy commonly arising from choroid which can cause visual loss or metastasis. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein is an activator of DNA damage response and its role in uveal melanoma (UM) is still unexplored. Therefore, the study aims to detect the expression and localization of ATM protein and its association with clinicopathological parameters METHODS: Expression of nuclear ATM (nATM) was investigated on 69 formalin fixed paraffin embedded choroidal melanoma samples by immunohistochemistry and validated by western blotting. Results were then correlated with clinical and histopathological parameters. Prognostic significance was determined by the Kaplan-Meier analysis and the multivariate analysis by Cox's hazard proportional method. RESULTS Loss of nATM was observed in 65% of cases, which was statistically significant with the reduced disease-free survival (p = 0.042). This loss was more frequently found in cases with high-risk histopathological factors like epithelioid cell type, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and high pigmentation which might help in the progression of melanoma. On multivariate analysis, extraocular spread and loss of nATM were found to be independent prognostic factors (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that loss of nATM protein might serve as a poor prognostic marker in the pathogenesis of uveal melanoma which may lead to increased risk of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanti Jha
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr. R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mithalesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr. R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lata Singh
- Department of Biosciences, JMI, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Pushker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mandeep Singh Bajaj
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Sen
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr. R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kashyap
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr. R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Yonesaka K, Takegawa N, Watanabe S, Haratani K, Kawakami H, Sakai K, Chiba Y, Maeda N, Kagari T, Hirotani K, Nishio K, Nakagawa K. An HER3-targeting antibody-drug conjugate incorporating a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor U3-1402 conquers EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant NSCLC. Oncogene 2018; 38:1398-1409. [PMID: 30302022 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are standard therapy for EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, these tumours eventually acquire chemoresistance. U3-1402 is an anti-HER3 antibody-drug conjugate with a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor, DXd. In the current study, we evaluated the anticancer efficacy of U3-1402 in EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells with acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs. HCC827GR5 and PC9AZDR7 are EGFR-TKI-resistant clones for gefitinib and osimertinib, respectively. U3-1402 alone or in combination with the EGFR-TKI erlotinib demonstrated potent anticancer efficacy in HCC827GR5 cells using an in vitro growth inhibition assay and in vivo xenograft mouse model. U3-1402 induced apoptosis in HCC827GR5 cells accompanying phosphorylation of histone H2A.X, a marker of DNA damage, but did not block HER3/PI3K/AKT signalling. Further, we found using flow cytometry that the cell surface HER3 expression level in HCC827GR5 cells was twice that found in HCC827 cells, indicating internalization of U3-1402 was increased in resistant cells. In addition, administration of U3-1402 notably repressed growth of EGFR-TKI osimertinib-resistant PC9AZDR7 xenograft tumours, and that PC9AZDR7 cells expressed five times greater cell surface HER3 than PC9 cells. Furthermore, using immunofluorescent microscopy, HER3 was observed predominantly in the nucleus of PC9 cells, but was localized in the cytoplasm of PC9AZDR7 cells. This finding indicates that altered trafficking of the HER3-U3-1402 complex may accelerate linker payload cleavage by cytoplasmic lysosomal enzymes, resulting in DNA damage. Our results indicate that administration of U3-1402 alone or in combination with an EGFR-TKI may have potential as a novel therapy for EGFR-TKI-resistant EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimio Yonesaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayamashi, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Naoki Takegawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayamashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satomi Watanabe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayamashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Haratani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayamashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisato Kawakami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayamashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuko Sakai
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayamashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Chiba
- Clinical Research Center, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayamashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Maeda
- Biomarker Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kagari
- Biologics & Immuno-Oncology Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirotani
- Oncology Clinical Development Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayamashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayamashi, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Dou XQ, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang F, Xu GL, Xu CC, Xu HH, Xiang SS, Fu J, Song HF. Aptamer-drug conjugate: targeted delivery of doxorubicin in a HER3 aptamer-functionalized liposomal delivery system reduces cardiotoxicity. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:763-776. [PMID: 29440899 PMCID: PMC5804143 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s149887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The toxic side effects of doxorubicin (DOX) have limited its use in chemotherapy. Neither liposomal DOX nor pegylated liposomal DOX are able to completely resolve this issue. This is a proof-of-concept study testing aptamer-drug conjugate (ApDC) targeted delivery systems for chemotherapeutic drugs. Methods Aptamer library targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) was screened and affinity was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Specificity was tested in MCF-7HER3-high, BT474HER3-high, and 293THER3-negative cells using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. We further developed a HER3 aptamer-functionalized liposome encapsulating DOX and the efficiency of this ApDC was detected by cellular uptake analysis and cell viability assay. In MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice, tumor targeting evaluation, efficacy, toxicity and preliminary pharmocokinetic study was performed. Results The candidate #13 aptamer had highest affinity (Kd =98±9.7 nM) and specificity. ApDC effectively reduces the half maximal inhibitory concentration of DOX compared with lipsome-DOX and free DOX. In vivo imaging and preliminary distribution studies showed that actively targeted nanoparticles, such as Apt-Lip-DOX molecules, could facilitate the delivery of DOX into tumors in MCF-7-bearing mice. This targeted chemotherapy caused greater tumor suppression than other groups and alleviated side effects such as weight loss, low survival rate, and organ (heart and liver) injury demonstrated by H&E staining. Conclusion The results indicate that targeted chemotherapy using the aptamer-drug conjugate format could provide better tolerability and efficacy compared with non-targeted delivery in relatively low-dose toxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qian Dou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Ophthalmology Department, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Bioanalysis Department, United-Power Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Bioanalysis Department, United-Power Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Li Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Hua Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shen-Si Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Feng Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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12
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Buta C, Benabou E, Lequoy M, Régnault H, Wendum D, Meratbene F, Chettouh H, Aoudjehane L, Conti F, Chrétien Y, Scatton O, Rosmorduc O, Praz F, Fartoux L, Desbois-Mouthon C. Heregulin-1ß and HER3 in hepatocellular carcinoma: status and regulation by insulin. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:126. [PMID: 27514687 PMCID: PMC4982118 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The heregulin-1ß/HER3-driven pathway is implicated in several epithelial malignancies and its blockade is currently undergoing clinical investigation. Paradoxically, the status and the regulation of this pathway is poorly known in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Using 85 HCC obtained after tumour resection, heregulin-1ß and HER3 expression was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR, ELISA and/or immunohistochemistry. Statistics were performed to analyze associations between gene expression and clinicopathological parameters. The effects of insulin on the heregulin-1ß/HER3 pathway was investigated in four HCC cell lines. Results HER3 mRNA was upregulated in 52 % of tumours, while heregulin-1ß mRNA was downregulated in 82 %. Hepatitis B and C viral infections were respectively associated with high and low HER3 mRNA expression. No association was seen between neither HER3 or heregulin-1ß mRNA and prognostic factors, survival or recurrence. Immunohistochemistry showed predominant cytoplasmic staining of HER3 in tumours but the staining was nonreproducible. HER3 mRNA and protein levels were not correlated in liver tissues. In HCC cells, insulin promoted HER3 proteasomal degradation and inhibited heregulin-1ß stimulation of cell migration. HER3 and insulin receptor co-immunoprecipitated in these cells. The loss of insulin receptor expression by RNA interference sensitized cells to heregulin-1ß-induced AKT phosphorylation. Conclusions Autocrine heregulin-1ß loop is uncommon in HCC and HER3 mRNA expression is differentially influenced by hepatitis viruses. Insulin is a negative regulator of HER3 protein expression and function in HCC cells. Altogether these data may explain why HER3 and heregulin-1ß expression have no prognostic value and suggest that HCC patients are unlikely to derive benefit from HER3-targeted monotherapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0402-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Buta
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Eva Benabou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Marie Lequoy
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France.,Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Régnault
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France.,Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Wendum
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Fatiha Meratbene
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France.,Histomorphology Platform, UMS 30 Lumic, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Hamza Chettouh
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Lynda Aoudjehane
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France.,Human HepCell, Saint-Antoine Hospital, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Filomena Conti
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France.,Human HepCell, Saint-Antoine Hospital, F-75012, Paris, France.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Yves Chrétien
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Scatton
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Rosmorduc
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France.,Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Praz
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Fartoux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France.,Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Christèle Desbois-Mouthon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, 34 rue Crozatier, F-75012, Paris, France.
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13
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Zhao Z, Li R, Sha S, Wang Q, Mao W, Liu T. Targeting HER3 with miR-450b-3p suppresses breast cancer cells proliferation. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:1404-12. [PMID: 25046105 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.29923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer cells, heterodimerization of HER2 and HER3 plays important and dominant roles in the functionality and transformation of HER-mediated pathways, in particular the PI3K/Akt survival pathway. HER3 was considered as a major signaling hub in HER2-amplified cancers. Inhibition of HER3 expression may therefore represent a rational therapeutic approach to breast cancers where HER2/HER3-mediated signaling plays a role in tumorigenesis and progression. miRNAs exerts important roles in regulating gene expressions by binding to and repressing target mRNAs. Here we reported that miRNA-450b-3p inhibits HER3 expression by directly targeting 3' UTR of HER3 mRNA and represses the downstream signal transductions of HER family. Overexpression of miRNA-450b-3p in SKBR3 cells inhibits cells clonogenic potential and enhances their sensitivity to trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds to the HER2 receptor, or doxorubicin through repressing proliferative signal pathways mediated by HER3/HER2/PI3K/AKT. Furthermore, we found that breast cancer patients with tumors that demonstrating upregulated HER3 (> 2-fold) and downregulated miR-450b-3p (> 2-fold) expressions compared with the paired adjacent non-tumorous tissues showed significantly poorer overall survival (P<0.05). Our study identified miRNA-450b-3p as a new tumor repressor and also provided some evidences suggesting that downregulation of miR-450b-3p expression with concurrent overexpression of HER3 may serve as a prognostic biomarker for poor overall survival in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- Department of Oncology; The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College; Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Hematology; the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province; Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Sha Sha
- Department of Oncology; The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College; Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Oncology; The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College; Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Weidong Mao
- Department of Oncology; The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College; Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Oncology; The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College; Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
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14
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Kol A, Terwisscha van Scheltinga AG, Timmer-Bosscha H, Lamberts LE, Bensch F, de Vries EG, Schröder CP. HER3, serious partner in crime. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 143:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Abstract
HER3 (ErbB3) is a unique member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family (ErbB family). It functions only through dimerization with other members of the ErbB family and modulates activity and sensitivity to targeted cancer therapies. This paper briefly describes the mechanism of HER3 in signal transduction and its potential role in acquired resistance to EGFR- and HER2-targeted therapies. We also consider recent developments in HER3-targeting therapeutics and their combination with inhibitors of other ErbB members in clinical applications.
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