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Luo W, Wang Y, Zhang T. Win or loss? Combination therapy does improve the oncolytic virus therapy to pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:160. [PMID: 35443724 PMCID: PMC9022249 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a growing global burden, remaining one of the most lethal cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, PC is resistant to various treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. New therapies are urgently needed to improve the prognosis of PC. Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy is a promising new treatment option. OV is a genetically modified virus that selectively replicates in tumor cells. It can kill tumor cells without harming normal cells. The activation of tumor-specific T-cells is a unique feature of OV-mediated therapy. However, OV-mediated mono-therapeutic efficacy remains controversial, especially for metastatic or advanced patients who require systemically deliverable therapies. Hence, combination therapies will be critical to improve the therapeutic efficacy of OV-mediated therapy and prevent tumor recurrence. This review aims to investigate novel combinatorial treatments with OV therapy and explore the inner mechanism of those combined therapies, hopefully providing a new direction for a better prognosis of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, The Translational Medicine Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), PUMCH, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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2
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Oncolytic Adenovirus CD55-Smad4 Suppresses Cell Proliferation, Metastasis, and Tumor Stemness in Colorectal Cancer by Regulating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120593. [PMID: 33322272 PMCID: PMC7763845 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past few decades, colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality have significantly increased, and CRC has become the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Thus, exploring novel effective therapies for CRC is imperative. In this study, we investigated the effect of oncolytic adenovirus CD55-Smad4 on CRC cell growth. Cell viability assay, animal experiments, flow cytometric analysis, cell migration, and invasion assays, and Western blotting were used to detect the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of CRC cells. The oncolytic adenovirus CD55-Smad4 was successfully constructed and effectively suppressed CRC cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Notably, CD55-Smad4 activated the caspase signaling pathway, inducing the apoptosis of CRC cells. Additionally, the generated oncolytic adenovirus significantly suppressed migration and invasion of CRC cells by overexpressing Smad4 and inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin/epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathway. Moreover, CRC cells treated with CD55-Smad4 formed less and smaller spheroid colonies in serum-free culture than cells in control groups, suggesting that CD55-Smad4 suppressed the stemness of CRC cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Together, the results of this study provide valuable information for the development of a novel strategy for cancer-targeting gene-virotherapy and provide a deeper understanding of the critical significance of Smad4 in gene therapy of CRC.
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Wang Y, Wang B, Liang J, Cui C, Ying C, Huang F, Ma B, Zhou X, Chu L. Oncolytic viro-chemotherapy exhibits antitumor effect in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells and mouse xenografts. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:3285-3294. [PMID: 31114365 PMCID: PMC6489678 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s196304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oncolytic virus can specifically replicate in and then lyse tumor cells, but seldom in normal cells. Further studies have shown the significant therapeutic effect of oncolytic virotherapy combining with other strategies, such as chemo-, radio-, and immunotherapy et al. In this study, we investigated the combinational effect of oncolytic virus ZD55-TRAIL and chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) on human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Methods: The effect of ZD55-TRAIL combined with DOX on cell growth was assessed in LSCC Hep2 cells and normal cells by MTT assay. Hochest 33342 staining was performed to observe cell morphological changes. Western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptotic activation proteins. The in vivo antitumor efficacy of combination treatment was estimated in laryngeal cancer xenograft models. Results: The combination of ZD55-TRAIL and DOX exhibited enhanced inhibitory effects on laryngocarcinoma cell growth, and had few side effects to normal cells in vitro. Chemotherapy drug increased the inducement of tumor cell apoptosis mediated by oncolytic virus. In vivo experiment confirmed that the combination treatment significantly inhibited Hep2 laryngocarcinoma xenografts growth in mice. Conclusion: The oncolytic viro-chemotherapy is a potent therapeutic approach for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of Hep2 cells and xenograft growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Binrong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Junnan Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Cui
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Ying
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincal People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Buyun Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
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Guerrero-Fonseca CA, López-Baquero MA, Bedoya-Rodríguez AA. Virus oncolíticos: un arma contra el cáncer. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2019. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v67n2.68347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. Los virus oncolíticos son virus atenuados, mutados o que por naturaleza se dirigen y matan específicamente células tumorales, sin afectar a las células normales. La administración intratumoral del virus ofrece la oportunidad de tratar el tumor primario pero no focos metastásicos, los cuales pueden ser alcanzados mediante la administración intravenosa. Sin embargo, su eficiencia puede disminuir por la presencia de una respuesta inmunológica preexistente en los sujetos tratados.Objetivo. Exponer las técnicas utilizadas para envolver y transportar los virus con el fin de eludir el sistema inmunológico antes de que el virus llegue al tumor.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda narrativa de la literatura original y de revisión en las bases de datos PubMed, JSTOR y EBSCO sobre métodos o técnicas utilizadas para el tratamiento del cáncer mediante el uso de virus oncolíticos.Resultados. La formación de nanocomplejos entre los virus oncolíticos y biopolímeros —ya sea mediante la unión química o mediante la unión a través de interacciones electrostáticas o el uso de micropartículas, células transportadoras, liposomas, ultrasonido o terapias combinadas– es eficaz para evitar la respuesta inmunológica del huésped contra el virus.Conclusión. Para evitar la respuesta inmunológica del huésped contra los virus oncolíticos se han desarrollo diversos métodos que permiten la liberación controlada y especifica de los mismos. Sin embargo, debido a la diversidad de los virus, se debe tener en cuenta que la eficacia de los métodos de protección y transporte depende de las características bioquímicas tanto del biomaterial como del virus.
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Hirooka Y, Kasuya H, Ishikawa T, Kawashima H, Ohno E, Villalobos IB, Naoe Y, Ichinose T, Koyama N, Tanaka M, Kodera Y, Goto H. A Phase I clinical trial of EUS-guided intratumoral injection of the oncolytic virus, HF10 for unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:596. [PMID: 29801474 PMCID: PMC5970460 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognosis of pancreatic cancer is poor with a 5-year survival rate of only 7%. Although several new chemotherapy treatments have shown promising results, all patients will eventually progress, and we need to develop newer chemotherapy treatments to improve response rates and overall survival (OS). HF10 is a spontaneously mutated oncolytic virus derived from a herpes simplex virus-1, and it has potential to show strong antitumor effect against malignancies without damaging normal tissue. We aimed to evaluate the safety and anti-tumor effectiveness in phase I dose-escalation trial of direct injection of HF10 into unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer under endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guidance in combination with erlotinib and gemcitabine administration. The mid-term results have been previously reported and here we report the final results of our study. METHODS This was a single arm, open-label Phase I trial. HF10 was injected once every 2 weeks and continued up to four times in total unless dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) appears. A total of nine subjects in three Cohorts with dose-escalation were planned to be enrolled in this trial. The primary endpoint was the safety assessment and the secondary endpoint was the efficacy assessment. RESULTS Twelve patients enrolled in this clinical trial, and ten subjects received this therapy. Five patients showed Grade III myelosuppression and two patients developed serious adverse events (AEs) (perforation of duodenum, hepatic dysfunction). However, all of these events were judged as AEs unrelated to HF10. Tumor responses were three partial responses (PR), four stable diseases (SD), and two progressive diseases (PD) out of nine subjects who completed the treatment. Target lesion responses were three PRs and six SDs. The median progression free survival (PFS) was 6.3 months, whereas the median OS was 15.5 months. Two subjects from Cohort 1 and 2 showed downstaging and finally achieved surgical complete response (CR). CONCLUSIONS HF10 direct injection under EUS-guidance in combination with erlotinib and gemcitabine was a safe treatment for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Combination therapy of HF10 and chemotherapy should be explored further in large prospective studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was prospectively registered in UMIN-CTR (UMIN000010150) on March 4th, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Hirooka
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Hideki Kasuya
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eizaburo Ohno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Itzel B. Villalobos
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Naoe
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toru Ichinose
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Surgery II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidemi Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Recombinant viruses with other anti-cancer therapeutics: a step towards advancement of oncolytic virotherapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2018; 25:216-226. [PMID: 29735993 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-018-0018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer as a disease is a multifaceted foe which sometimes succumbs to the prescribed treatment and sometimes develops resistance against various therapies. Conventional cancer therapies suffer from many limitations, the least of which is their specificity and systemic side effects. In a majority of cases, acquired mutations render the cancer cells resistant to therapy and lower the prognostic outcome. In the constant effort to devise a therapeutic moiety which can comprehensively eliminate cancer cells, oncolytic viruses provide an attractive avenue as they selectively infect and lyse cancer cells sparing normal cells from their effects. Viruses can be engineered for their host specificity and toxicity as a promising anti-cancer tool. As it is essential to devise a strategy to address all targets involved in cancer development and progression, the idea of using oncolytic viruses with enhanced anti-cancer activity through arming with foreign genes gained merit and is showing promising advent in clinical studies. The use of oncolytic viruses as an agent of combination therapy for cancer treatment also gained much attention in the recent past. This review focuses on the emerging role of oncolytic viruses as vital components of anti-cancer regimen presenting a new dimension in an ever-changing cancer therapy scenario.
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Eissa IR, Naoe Y, Bustos-Villalobos I, Ichinose T, Tanaka M, Zhiwen W, Mukoyama N, Morimoto T, Miyajima N, Hitoki H, Sumigama S, Aleksic B, Kodera Y, Kasuya H. Genomic Signature of the Natural Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus HF10 and Its Therapeutic Role in Preclinical and Clinical Trials. Front Oncol 2017; 7:149. [PMID: 28770166 PMCID: PMC5509757 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are opening new possibilities in cancer therapy with their unique mechanism of selective replication within tumor cells and triggering of antitumor immune responses. HF10 is an oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 with a unique genomic structure that has non-engineered deletions and insertions accompanied by frame-shift mutations, in contrast to the majority of engineered OVs. At the genetic level, HF10 naturally lacks the expression of UL43, UL49.5, UL55, UL56, and latency-associated transcripts, and overexpresses UL53 and UL54. In preclinical studies, HF10 replicated efficiently within tumor cells with extensive cytolytic effects and induced increased numbers of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells within the tumor, leading to a significant reduction in tumor growth and prolonged survival rates. Investigator-initiated clinical studies of HF10 have been completed in recurrent breast carcinoma, head and neck cancer, and unresectable pancreatic cancer in Japan. Phase I trials were subsequently completed in refractory superficial cancers and melanoma in the United States. HF10 has been demonstrated to have a high safety margin with low frequency of adverse effects in all treated patients. Interestingly, HF10 antigens were detected in pancreatic carcinoma over 300 days after treatment with infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which enhanced the immune response. To date, preliminary results from a Phase II trial have indicated that HF10 in combination with ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) is safe and well tolerated, with high antitumor efficacy. Improvement of the effect of ipilimumab was observed in patients with stage IIIb, IIIc, or IV unresectable or metastatic melanoma. This review provides a concise description of the genomic functional organization of HF10 compared with talimogene laherparepvec. Furthermore, this review focuses on HF10 in cancer treatment as monotherapy as well as in combination therapy through a concise description of all preclinical and clinical data. In addition, we will address approaches for future directions in HF10 studies as cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ragab Eissa
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Surgery II, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yoshinori Naoe
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Itzel Bustos-Villalobos
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toru Ichinose
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Wu Zhiwen
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Surgery II, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Mukoyama
- Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taishi Morimoto
- Department of Surgery II, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyajima
- Department of Transplantation and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hasegawa Hitoki
- Office of International Affairs, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seiji Sumigama
- Office of International Affairs, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Office of International Affairs, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Surgery II, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Kasuya
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Simpson GR, Relph K, Harrington K, Melcher A, Pandha H. Cancer immunotherapy via combining oncolytic virotherapy with chemotherapy: recent advances. Oncolytic Virother 2016; 5:1-13. [PMID: 27579292 PMCID: PMC4996257 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s66083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are multifunctional anticancer agents with huge clinical potential, and have recently passed the randomized Phase III clinical trial hurdle. Both wild-type and engineered viruses have been selected for targeting of specific cancers, to elicit cytotoxicity, and also to generate antitumor immunity. Single-agent oncolytic virotherapy treatments have resulted in modest effects in the clinic. There is increasing interest in their combination with cytotoxic agents, radiotherapy and immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Similarly to oncolytic viruses, the benefits of chemotherapeutic agents may be that they induce systemic antitumor immunity through the induction of immunogenic cell death of cancer cells. Combining these two treatment modalities has to date resulted in significant potential in vitro and in vivo synergies through various mechanisms without any apparent additional toxicities. Chemotherapy has been and will continue to be integral to the management of advanced cancers. This review therefore focuses on the potential for a number of common cytotoxic agents to be combined with clinically relevant oncolytic viruses. In many cases, this combined approach has already advanced to the clinical trial arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy R Simpson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Targeted Cancer Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford
| | - Kate Relph
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Targeted Cancer Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford
| | - Kevin Harrington
- Targeted Therapy, The Institute of Cancer Research/The Royal Marsden NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London
| | - Alan Melcher
- Targeted and Biological Therapies, Oncology and Clinical Research, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Targeted Cancer Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford
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Forbes NE, Krishnan R, Diallo JS. Pharmacological modulation of anti-tumor immunity induced by oncolytic viruses. Front Oncol 2014; 4:191. [PMID: 25101247 PMCID: PMC4108035 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) not only kill cancer cells by direct lysis but also generate a significant anti-tumor immune response that allows for prolonged cancer control and in some cases cures. How to best stimulate this effect is a subject of intense investigation in the OV field. While pharmacological manipulation of the cellular innate anti-viral immune response has been shown by several groups to improve viral oncolysis and spread, it is increasingly clear that pharmacological agents can also impact the anti-tumor immune response generated by OVs and related tumor vaccination strategies. This review covers recent progress in using pharmacological agents to improve the activity of OVs and their ability to generate robust anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Forbes
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, ON , Canada ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Ramya Krishnan
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, ON , Canada ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, ON , Canada ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
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