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Tan L, Duan X, Mutyala P, Zhou T, Amin S, Zhang T, Herbst B, Askan G, Itkin T, Xiang Z, Michelassi F, Lieberman MD, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Leach SD, Evans T, Chen S. A targetable pathway to eliminate TRA-1-60+/TRA-1-81+ chemoresistant cancer cells. J Mol Cell Biol 2023; 15:mjad039. [PMID: 37327088 PMCID: PMC10847630 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a primary cause of treatment failure in pancreatic cancer. Identifying cell surface markers specifically expressed in chemoresistant cancer cells (CCCs) could facilitate targeted therapies to overcome chemoresistance. We performed an antibody-based screen and found that TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81, two 'stemness' cell surface markers, are highly enriched in CCCs. Furthermore, TRA-1-60+/TRA-1-81+ cells are chemoresistant compared to TRA-1-60-/TRA-1-81- cells. Transcriptome profiling identified UGT1A10, shown to be both necessary and sufficient to maintain TRA-1-60/TRA-1-81 expression and chemoresistance. From a high-content chemical screen, we identified Cymarin, which downregulates UGT1A10, eliminates TRA-1-60/TRA-1-81 expression, and increases chemosensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, TRA-1-60/TRA-1-81 expression is highly specific in primary cancer tissue and positively correlated with chemoresistance and short survival, which highlights their potentiality for targeted therapy. Therefore, we discovered a novel CCC surface marker regulated by a pathway that promotes chemoresistance, as well as a leading drug candidate to target this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tan
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaohua Duan
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pratyusha Mutyala
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- The SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sadaf Amin
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brian Herbst
- Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gokce Askan
- Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tomer Itkin
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zhaoying Xiang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | - Steven D Leach
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Darmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Oltolina F, Santaella Escolano MDC, Jabalera Y, Prat M, Jimenez Lopez C. mAb-Functionalized Biomimetic MamC-Mediated-Magnetoliposomes as Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13958. [PMID: 37762260 PMCID: PMC10531091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer therapy, new therapeutic nanoformulations able to mediate targeted chemotherapy are required. Recently, biomimetic magnetic nanoparticles (BMNPs) mediated by MamC, a magnetosome protein from Magnetococcus marinus MC-1, have proven, in vitro and in vivo, to be effective drug nanocarriers (following the application of an external gradient magnetic field) and to allow combination with hyperthermia. However, these nanoassemblies require further optimization to improve cytocompatibility, stability and active targeting ability. Herein, we describe the production of the magnetoliposomes (LP) embedding BMNPs functionalized (or not) with doxorubicin (DOXO), [LP(+/-DOXO-BMNPs)], and their surface modification with the DO-24 mAb, which targets the human Met/HGF receptor's ectodomain (overexpressed in many cancers). Nanoformulations were extensively characterized using TEM, DLS, FTIR and when tested in vitro, the lipid coating increased the colloidal stability and their biocompatibility, favoring the cellular uptake in cells overexpressing the cognate receptor. Indeed, the magnetoliposomes mAb-LP(+/-DOXO-BMNPs) exerted a specific active targeting ability by the presence of the mAb that preserved its immunocompetence. Both LP(BMNPs) and mAb-LP(BMNPs) were not toxic to cells, while +/-mAb-LP(DOXO-BMNPs) nanoformulations were indeed cytotoxic. Therefore, this study represents a proof of concept for the development of promising drug carriers for cancer therapy based on local chemotherapy directed by mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Oltolina
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.d.C.S.E.); (Y.J.); (C.J.L.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | | | - Ylenia Jabalera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.d.C.S.E.); (Y.J.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Maria Prat
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Concepcion Jimenez Lopez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.d.C.S.E.); (Y.J.); (C.J.L.)
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3
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Panariello F, Gagliano O, Luni C, Grimaldi A, Angiolillo S, Qin W, Manfredi A, Annunziata P, Slovin S, Vaccaro L, Riccardo S, Bouche V, Dionisi M, Salvi M, Martewicz S, Hu M, Cui M, Stuart H, Laterza C, Baruzzo G, Schiebinger G, Di Camillo B, Cacchiarelli D, Elvassore N. Cellular population dynamics shape the route to human pluripotency. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2829. [PMID: 37198156 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cellular reprogramming to induced pluripotency is still an inefficient process, which has hindered studying the role of critical intermediate stages. Here we take advantage of high efficiency reprogramming in microfluidics and temporal multi-omics to identify and resolve distinct sub-populations and their interactions. We perform secretome analysis and single-cell transcriptomics to show functional extrinsic pathways of protein communication between reprogramming sub-populations and the re-shaping of a permissive extracellular environment. We pinpoint the HGF/MET/STAT3 axis as a potent enhancer of reprogramming, which acts via HGF accumulation within the confined system of microfluidics, and in conventional dishes needs to be supplied exogenously to enhance efficiency. Our data suggest that human cellular reprogramming is a transcription factor-driven process that it is deeply dependent on extracellular context and cell population determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Panariello
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Onelia Gagliano
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Camilla Luni
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Grimaldi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Silvia Angiolillo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anna Manfredi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- NEGEDIA (Next Generation Diagnostic srl), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Patrizia Annunziata
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- NEGEDIA (Next Generation Diagnostic srl), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Shaked Slovin
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Vaccaro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Sara Riccardo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- NEGEDIA (Next Generation Diagnostic srl), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Valentina Bouche
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Manuela Dionisi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marcello Salvi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Sebastian Martewicz
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Manli Hu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meihua Cui
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hannah Stuart
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Cecilia Laterza
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Baruzzo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Di Camillo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Cacchiarelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy.
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
- School for Advanced Studies, Genomics and Experimental Medicine Program, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Nicola Elvassore
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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Liu Y, Cai Y, Chang Y. Dual inhibition of RNAi therapeutic miR-26a-5p targeting cMet and immunotherapy against EGFR in endometrial cancer treatment. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:5. [PMID: 33553298 PMCID: PMC7859788 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Precise prediction of drug combination targeting tumor cells effectively is a crucial challenge for tumor therapy, especially for endometrial cancer (EC). Considering the resistance, crosstalk that occurs between the receptor tyrosine kinase mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (cMet) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and their indispensable influence on the occurrence of EC, this study aimed to explore a novel therapeutic approach for EC treatment through blocking cMet and EGFR simultaneously. Methods In the present study, the expression of miR-26a-5p in EC cell lines was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. The potential role of miR-26a-5p in the development of EC was examined using cell counting kit assay, 5-ethynyl-2’- deoxyuridine staining, wound healing assay, and cell apoptosis staining assay. Subsequently, the effect of upregulated miR-26a-5p in vivo was confirmed on a xenograft model. Luciferase reporter assay and Western blot analysis were performed to verify the relation between miR-26a-5p and cMet. Furthermore, the dual therapeutic effect of miR-26a-5p and EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab was confirmed in vivo and in vitro. Results The results indicated that miR-26a-5p expression significantly reduced in EC cell lines compared with the normal endometrial cell line. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-26a-5p inhibited the progression of EC, including cell migration, cell proliferation, and cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Subsequently, mir-26a-5p regulated the expression of cMet and the downstream the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/cMet pathway, thus exerting an inhibitory effect on EC cells. In addition, the study also demonstrated that the upregulation of miR-26a-5p could significantly enhance the inhibitory effect of cetuximab compared with the use of cetuximab alone in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions RNAi therapeutic miR-26a-5p suppressed the progression of EC through regulating the cMet/HGF pathway. The dual therapy using RNA interference and neutralizing antibody simultaneously blocked tumor targets, including cMet and EGFR, thus providing a novel approach for overcoming the resistance to the inhibitors against a single target in EC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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5
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MET targeting: time for a rematch. Oncogene 2020; 39:2845-2862. [PMID: 32034310 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MET, the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) for hepatocyte growth factor, is a proto-oncogene involved in embryonic development and throughout life in homeostasis and tissue regeneration. Deregulation of MET signaling has been reported in numerous malignancies, prompting great interest in MET targeting for cancer therapy. The present review offers a summary of the biology of MET and its known functions in normal physiology and carcinogenesis, followed by an overview of the most relevant MET-targeting strategies and corresponding clinical trials, highlighting both past setbacks and promising future prospects. By placing their efforts on a more precise stratification strategy through the genetic analysis of tumors, modern trials such as the NCI-MATCH trial could revive the past enthusiasm for MET-targeted therapy.
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6
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Gymnopoulos M, Betancourt O, Blot V, Fujita R, Galvan D, Lieuw V, Nguyen S, Snedden J, Stewart C, Villicana J, Wojciak J, Wong E, Pardo R, Patel N, D'Hooge F, Vijayakrishnan B, Barry C, Hartley JA, Howard PW, Newman R, Coronella J. TR1801-ADC: a highly potent cMet antibody-drug conjugate with high activity in patient-derived xenograft models of solid tumors. Mol Oncol 2019; 14:54-68. [PMID: 31736230 PMCID: PMC6944112 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
cMet is a well‐characterized oncogene that is the target of many drugs including small molecule and biologic pathway inhibitors, and, more recently, antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs). However, the clinical benefit from cMet‐targeted therapy has been limited. We developed a novel cMet‐targeted ‘third‐generation’ ADC, TR1801‐ADC, that was optimized at different levels including specificity, stability, toxin–linker, conjugation site, and in vivo efficacy. Our nonagonistic cMet antibody was site‐specifically conjugated to the pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) toxin–linker tesirine and has picomolar activity in cancer cell lines derived from different solid tumors including lung, colorectal, and gastric cancers. The potency of our cMet ADC is independent of MET gene copy number, and its antitumor activity was high not only in high cMet‐expressing cell lines but also in medium‐to‐low cMet cell lines (40 000–90 000 cMet/cell) in which a cMet ADC with tubulin inhibitor payload was considerably less potent. In vivo xenografts with low–medium cMet expression were also very responsive to TR1801‐ADC at a single dose, while a cMet ADC using a tubulin inhibitor showed a substantially reduced efficacy. Furthermore, TR1801‐ADC had excellent efficacy with significant antitumor activity in 90% of tested patient‐derived xenograft models of gastric, colorectal, and head and neck cancers: 7 of 10 gastric models, 4 of 10 colorectal cancer models, and 3 of 10 head and neck cancer models showed complete tumor regression after a single‐dose administration. Altogether, TR1801‐ADC is a new generation cMet ADC with best‐in‐class preclinical efficacy and good tolerability in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincent Blot
- Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ryo Fujita
- Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Diana Galvan
- Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Lieuw
- Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sophie Nguyen
- Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jose Villicana
- Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jon Wojciak
- Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eley Wong
- Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Raul Pardo
- Spirogen, a member of the AstraZeneca Group, London, UK
| | - Neki Patel
- Spirogen, a member of the AstraZeneca Group, London, UK
| | | | | | - Conor Barry
- Spirogen, a member of the AstraZeneca Group, London, UK
| | | | | | - Roland Newman
- Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Julia Coronella
- Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
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7
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Oltolina F, Colangelo D, Miletto I, Clemente N, Miola M, Verné E, Prat M, Follenzi A. Tumor Targeting by Monoclonal Antibody Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1575. [PMID: 31698869 PMCID: PMC6915337 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-targeted drug-loaded nanocarriers represent innovative and attractive tools for cancer therapy. Several magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were analyzed as potential tumor-targeted drug-loaded nanocarriers after functionalization with anti-Met oncogene (anti-Met/HGFR) monoclonal antibody (mAb) and doxorubicin (DOXO). Their cytocompatibility, stability, immunocompetence (immunoprecipitation), and their interactions with cancer cells in vitro (Perl's staining, confocal microscopy, cytotoxic assays: MTT, real time toxicity) and with tumors in vivo (Perl's staining) were evaluated. The simplest silica- and calcium-free mAb-loaded MNPs were the most cytocompatible, the most stable, and showed the best immunocompetence and specificity. These mAb-functionalized MNPs specifically interacted with the surface of Met/HGFR-positive cells, and not with Met/HGFR-negative cells; they were not internalized, but they discharged in the targeted cells DOXO, which reached the nucleus, exerting cytotoxicity. The presence of mAbs on DOXO-MNPs significantly increased their cytotoxicity on Met/HGFR-positive cells, while no such effect was detectable on Met/HGFR-negative cells. Bare MNPs were biocompatible in vivo; mAb presence on MNPs induced a better dispersion within the tumor mass when injected in situ in Met/HGFR-positive xenotumors in NOD/SCID-γnull mice. These MNPs may represent a new and promising carrier for in vivo targeted drug delivery, in which applied gradient and alternating magnetic fields can enhance targeting and induce hyperthermia respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Oltolina
- Laboratory of Histology, Department of Health Sciences (DSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Donato Colangelo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences (DSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Ivana Miletto
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15100 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Health Sciences (DSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Miola
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Enrica Verné
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Prat
- Laboratory of Histology, Department of Health Sciences (DSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Centro di Biotecnologie per la Ricerca Medica Applicata (BRMA), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per Biotecnologie (CIB), Località Padriciano 99, 34149 Area di Ricerca, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Laboratory of Histology, Department of Health Sciences (DSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Centro di Biotecnologie per la Ricerca Medica Applicata (BRMA), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per Biotecnologie (CIB), Località Padriciano 99, 34149 Area di Ricerca, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 28100 Novara, Italy
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8
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Parizadeh SM, Jafarzadeh-Esfehani R, Fazilat-Panah D, Hassanian SM, Shahidsales S, Khazaei M, Parizadeh SMR, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GA, Avan A. The potential therapeutic and prognostic impacts of the c-MET/HGF signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:802-811. [PMID: 31116909 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and a common cause of cancer-related mortality globally. In spite of the improvements in the early diagnosis of CRC, approximately one-third of patients develop metastasis and then have a very poor survival rate. The mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET) is a tyrosine kinase cell surface receptor activated by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Activation of c-MET/HGF signaling pathway regulates a variety of biological processes including cell motility, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and the development and progression of cancer cells. Recent studies have suggested that the c-MET/HGF signaling pathway is involved in the carcinogenesis of CRC. In this review, we summarize the main findings of recent studies investigating the role of c-MET/HGF signaling pathway in CRC and the potential of the c-MET/HGF signaling pathways in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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Miglio U, Berrino E, Panero M, Ferrero G, Coscujuela Tarrero L, Miano V, Dell'Aglio C, Sarotto I, Annaratone L, Marchiò C, Comoglio PM, De Bortoli M, Pasini B, Venesio T, Sapino A. The expression of LINE1-MET chimeric transcript identifies a subgroup of aggressive breast cancers. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2838-2848. [PMID: 30144023 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Demethylation of the long interspersed nuclear element (LINE-1; L1) antisense promoter can result in transcription of neighboring sequences as for the L1-MET transcript produced by the L1 placed in the second intron of MET. To define the role of L1-MET, we investigated the sequence and the transcription of L1-MET in vitro models and heterogeneous breast cancers, previously reported to show other L1-derived transcripts. L1-MET expressing cell lines were initially identified in silico and investigated for L1-MET promoter methylation, cDNA sequence and cell fraction mRNA. The transcriptional level of L1-MET and MET were then evaluated in breast specimens, including 9 cancer cell lines, 41 carcinomas of different subtypes, and 11 normal tissues. In addition to a L1-MET transcript ending at MET exon 21, six novel L1-MET splice variants were identified. Normal breast tissues were negative for the L1-MET expression, whereas the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and the high-grade carcinomas were enriched with the L1-MET mRNA (p = 0.005 and p = 0.018, respectively). In cancer cells and tissues the L1-MET expression was associated with its promoter hypomethylation (ρ = -0.8 and -0.9, respectively). No correlation was found between L1-MET and MET mRNA although L1-MET expressing tumors with higher L1-MET/MET ratio were negative for the MET protein expression (p = 0.006). Besides providing the first identification and detailed description of L1-MET in breast cancer, we clearly demonstrate that higher levels of this transcript specifically recognize a subset of more aggressive carcinomas, mainly TNBC. We suggest the possible evaluation of L1-MET in the challenging diagnosis of early TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Miglio
- Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Enrico Berrino
- Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Mara Panero
- Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Miano
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Carmine Dell'Aglio
- Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Ivana Sarotto
- Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Laura Annaratone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Caterina Marchiò
- Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo M Comoglio
- Molecular Therapeutics and Exploratory Research Laboratory, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Michele De Bortoli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Barbara Pasini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Venesio
- Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Anna Sapino
- Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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10
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Rajabi S, Hedayati M. Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Clinical Characteristics and New Insights into Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Tyrosine Kinases. Mol Diagn Ther 2018; 21:607-620. [PMID: 28698976 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-017-0289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a hyperplasia of thyroid C-cells, accounting for 5-10% of all thyroid cancers. MTCs may appear as sporadic or hereditary forms, and several molecules and signaling pathways have been found to function defectively in MTC cells. Tyrosine kinases are the most well-studied molecules that have abnormal function in these tumor cells. Due to their limited response, chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy are not effective in treating patients with advanced metastatic MTC. In the past decade, significant attention has been given to the utilization of multikinase inhibitors as targeted therapeutic agents for treating MTC patients, with the most promising results arising from the study of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which generally bind to the ATP binding sites of these kinases. Two drugs-vandetanib and cabozantinib-are approved for the treatment of aggressive advanced MTC; however, the potential for toxicities and adverse effects of these agents on patient quality of life need to be considered against any therapeutic gain. According to recent data, it appears that inhibition of only one receptor or molecule in a pathway is not as effective as simultaneous inhibition of different pathways, indicating the need to use combination therapy. The main purpose of this review is to describe the clinical characteristics, molecular mechanisms, and current molecular and targeted therapeutic strategies active in clinical trials for advanced MTC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Rajabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Boromand N, Hasanzadeh M, ShahidSales S, Farazestanian M, Gharib M, Fiuji H, Behboodi N, Ghobadi N, Hassanian SM, Ferns GA, Avan A. Clinical and prognostic value of the C-Met/HGF signaling pathway in cervical cancer. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4490-4496. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Boromand
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Malihe Hasanzadeh
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research Center; Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Marjaneh Farazestanian
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research Center; Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Masoumeh Gharib
- Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Hamid Fiuji
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Negin Behboodi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Niloofar Ghobadi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School; Division of Medical Education, Falmer; Brighton Sussex UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies; Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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12
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Absent and abundant MET immunoreactivity is associated with poor prognosis of patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13167-81. [PMID: 26909606 PMCID: PMC4914349 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) MET is widely expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), its prognostic value remains unclear. This might be due to the use of a variety of antibodies and scoring systems. Here, the reliability of five commercial C-terminal MET antibodies (D1C2, CVD13, SP44, C-12 and C-28) was evaluated before examining the prognostic value of MET immunoreactivity in HNSCC. Using cancer cell lines, it was shown that D1C2 and CVD13 specifically detect MET under reducing, native and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) conditions. Immunohistochemical staining of routinely FFPE oral SCC with D1C2 and CVD13 demonstrated that D1C2 is most sensitive in the detection of membranous MET. Examination of membranous D1C2 immunoreactivity with 179 FFPE oral and oropharyngeal SCC – represented in a tissue microarray – illustrated that staining is either uniform (negative or positive) across tumors or differs between a tumor's center and periphery. Ultimately, statistical analysis revealed that D1C2 uniform staining is significantly associated with poor 5-year overall and disease free survival of patients lacking vasoinvasive growth (HR = 3.019, p < 0.001; HR = 2.559, p < 0.001). These findings might contribute to reliable stratification of patients eligible for treatment with biologicals directed against MET.
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13
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Xie C, Yang Z, Hu Y, Cao X, Chen J, Zhu Y, Lu N. Expression of c-Met and hepatocyte growth factor in various gastric pathologies and its association with Helicobacter pylori infection. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6151-6155. [PMID: 29113260 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling pathway was identified to be associated with malignant tumors. The present study aimed at determining the expression of HGF and c-Met in gastric carcinogenesis and its association with Helicobacter pylori infection. Gastric biopsies were obtained from 160 H. pylori-negative and -positive patients, including those with chronic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and gastric cancer (GC). Proteins were extracted from GES-1, gastric epithelial, and AGS, gastric adenocarcinoma, cells following co-culture with H. pylori in vitro. The expression of HGF and c-Met in gastric tissues or cells was determined using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The expression of c-Met increased in GC tissues (72.5%) compared with that in pre-cancerous lesions (17.5, 17.5 and 30%). Additional analysis identified that the expression of HGF and c-Met was significantly increased in the presence of H. pylori infection in dysplasia and gastric cancer samples. Furthermore, H. pylori may activate the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway in vitro, which may contribute to gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ximei Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Nonghua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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14
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Hoogstins CE, Weixler B, Boogerd LS, Hoppener DJ, Prevoo HA, Sier CF, Burger JW, Verhoef C, Bhairosingh S, Farina Sarasqueta A, Burggraaf J, Vahrmeijer AL. In Search for Optimal Targets for Intraoperative Fluorescence Imaging of Peritoneal Metastasis From Colorectal Cancer. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2017; 9:1179299X17728254. [PMID: 28874886 PMCID: PMC5576539 DOI: 10.1177/1179299x17728254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis (PM) occurs in about 10% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Fluorescence imaging can enhance contrast between cancerous and benign tissue, enabling the surgeon to clearly visualize PM during cytoreductive surgery. This study assessed the suitability of different biomarkers as potential targets for tumor-targeted imaging of PM of CRC. Tissue samples from primary tumor and PM from patients with CRC were obtained from the pathology archives and immunohistochemical stainings were performed. Overexpression of the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was seen in 100% of PM samples and the expression was strong in >70% of samples. Tyrosine-kinase Met (C-Met) and folate receptor α overexpression was seen in 20% of PM samples. For successful application of tumor-targeted intraoperative fluorescence imaging of PM, biomarkers need to be identified. We demonstrated that both EpCAM and CEA are suitable targets for fluorescence imaging of PM in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Weixler
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leonora Sf Boogerd
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik J Hoppener
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrica Ajm Prevoo
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Fm Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus Wa Burger
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Verhoef
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shadvhi Bhairosingh
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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A mini-review of c-Met as a potential therapeutic target in melanoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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16
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Qamsari ES, Sharifzadeh Z, Bagheri S, Riazi-Rad F, Younesi V, Abolhassani M, Ghaderi SS, Baradaran B, Somi MH, Yousefi M. Isolation and characterization of anti c-met single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies. J Immunotoxicol 2017; 14:23-30. [PMID: 28090795 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2016.1251512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) Met is the cell surface receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) involved in invasive growth programs during embryogenesis and tumorgenesis. There is compelling evidence suggesting important roles for c-Met in colorectal cancer proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and survival. Hence, a molecular inhibitor of an extracellular domain of c-Met receptor that blocks c-Met-cell surface interactions could be of great thera-peutic importance. In an attempt to develop molecular inhibitors of c-Met, single chain variable fragment (scFv) phage display libraries Tomlinson I + J against a specific synthetic oligopeptide from the extracellular domain of c-Met receptor were screened; selected scFv were then characterized using various immune techniques. Three c-Met specific scFv (ES1, ES2, and ES3) were selected following five rounds of panning procedures. The scFv showed specific binding to c-Met receptor, and significantly inhibited proliferation responses of a human colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT-116). Moreover, anti- apoptotic effects of selected scFv antibodies on the HCT-116 cell line were also evaluated using Annexin V/PI assays. The results demonstrated rates of apoptotic cell death of 46.0, 25.5, and 37.8% among these cells were induced by use of ES1, ES2, and ES3, respectively. The results demonstrated ability to successfully isolate/char-acterize specific c-Met scFv that could ultimately have a great therapeutic potential in immuno-therapies against (colorectal) cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Safaie Qamsari
- a Immunology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Department of Immunology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,c Immunology Department, Hybridoma Laboratory , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zahra Sharifzadeh
- c Immunology Department, Hybridoma Laboratory , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Salman Bagheri
- a Immunology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Department of Immunology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,c Immunology Department, Hybridoma Laboratory , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Farhad Riazi-Rad
- d Department of Immunology , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Vahid Younesi
- e Monoclonal Anti-body Research Center , Avicenna Research Institute , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohsen Abolhassani
- c Immunology Department, Hybridoma Laboratory , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sepideh Safaei Ghaderi
- f Department of Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- a Immunology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- g Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- g Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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17
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Lail-Trecker M, Gulati R, Peluso JJ. A Role for Hepatocyte Growth Factors/Scatter Factor in Regulating Normal and Neoplastic Cells of Reproductive Tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155769800500302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rita Gulati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - John J. Peluso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
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18
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Pajari AM, Päivärinta E, Paavolainen L, Vaara E, Koivumäki T, Garg R, Heiman-Lindh A, Mutanen M, Marjomäki V, Ridley AJ. Ellagitannin-rich cloudberry inhibits hepatocyte growth factor induced cell migration and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT activation in colon carcinoma cells and tumors in Min mice. Oncotarget 2016; 7:43907-43923. [PMID: 27270323 PMCID: PMC5190067 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Berries have been found to inhibit colon carcinogenesis in animal models, and thus represent a potential source of compounds for prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. The mechanistic basis for their effects is not well understood. We used human colon carcinoma cells and Min mice to investigate the effects of ellagitannin-rich cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus) extract on cancer cell migration and underlying cell signaling. Intrinsic and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) -induced cell motility in human HT29 and HCA7 colon carcinoma cells was assessed carrying out cell scattering and scratch wound healing assays using time-lapse microscopy. Activation of Met, AKT, and ERK in cell lines and tumors of cloudberry-fed Min mice were determined using immunoprecipitation, Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. Cloudberry extract significantly inhibited particularly HGF-induced cancer cell migration in both cell lines. Cloudberry extract inhibited the Met receptor tyrosine phosphorylation by HGF and strongly suppressed HGF-induced AKT and ERK activation in both HT29 and HCA7 cells. Consistently, cloudberry feeding (10% w/w freeze-dried berries in diet for 10 weeks) reduced the level of active AKT and prevented phosphoMet localization at the edges in tumors of Min mice. These results indicate that cloudberry reduces tumor growth and cancer cell motility by inhibiting Met signaling and consequent activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT in vitro and in tumors in vivo. As the Met receptor is recognized to be a major target in cancer treatment, our results suggest that dietary phytochemicals may have therapeutic value in reducing cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Maria Pajari
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- University College London, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Essi Päivärinta
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lassi Paavolainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science / Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Elina Vaara
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuuli Koivumäki
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Food Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ritu Garg
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Anu Heiman-Lindh
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Mutanen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science / Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anne J. Ridley
- University College London, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, UK
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Ilangumaran S, Villalobos-Hernandez A, Bobbala D, Ramanathan S. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)–MET receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathway: Diverse roles in modulating immune cell functions. Cytokine 2016; 82:125-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Hepatocyte Growth Factor and MET Support Mouse Enteric Nervous System Development, the Peristaltic Response, and Intestinal Epithelial Proliferation in Response to Injury. J Neurosci 2015; 35:11543-58. [PMID: 26290232 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5267-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Factors providing trophic support to diverse enteric neuron subtypes remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and the HGF receptor MET might support some types of enteric neurons. HGF and MET are expressed in fetal and adult enteric nervous system. In vitro, HGF increased enteric neuron differentiation and neurite length, but only if vanishingly small amounts (1 pg/ml) of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor were included in culture media. HGF effects were blocked by phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitor and by MET-blocking antibody. Both of these inhibitors and MEK inhibition reduced neurite length. In adult mice, MET was restricted to a subset of calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive (IR) myenteric plexus neurons thought to be intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs). Conditional MET kinase domain inactivation (Met(fl/fl); Wnt1Cre+) caused a dramatic loss of myenteric plexus MET-IR neurites and 1-1'-dioctodecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyamine perchlorate (DiI) labeling suggested reduced MET-IR neurite length. In vitro, Met(fl/fl); Wnt1Cre+ mouse bowel had markedly reduced peristalsis in response to mucosal deformation, but normal response to radial muscle stretch. However, whole-bowel transit, small-bowel transit, and colonic-bead expulsion were normal in Met(fl/fl); Wnt1Cre+ mice. Finally, Met(fl/fl); Wnt1Cre+ mice had more bowel injury and reduced epithelial cell proliferation compared with WT animals after dextran sodium sulfate treatment. These results suggest that HGF/MET signaling is important for development and function of a subset IPANs and that these cells regulate intestinal motility and epithelial cell proliferation in response to bowel injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The enteric nervous system has many neuronal subtypes that coordinate and control intestinal activity. Trophic factors that support these neuron types and enhance neurite growth after fetal development are not well understood. We show that a subset of adult calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-expressing myenteric neurons produce MET, the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor, and that loss of MET activity affects peristalsis in response to mucosal stroking, reduces MET-immunoreactive neurites, and increases susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate-induced bowel injury. These observations may be relevant for understanding and treating intestinal motility disorders and also suggest that enhancing the activity of MET-expressing CGRP neurons might be a useful strategy to reduce bowel inflammation.
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21
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c-Met targeting in advanced gastric cancer: An open challenge. Cancer Lett 2015; 365:30-6. [PMID: 26049023 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in systemic chemotherapy over the last two decades, the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GC) remains poor. Because of molecular heterogeneity, it is essential to classify tumors based on the underlying oncogenic pathways and to develop targeted therapies acting on individual tumors. High-quality research and advances in technology have contributed to the elucidation of molecular pathways underlying disease progression and have stimulated many clinical studies testing target therapies in an advanced disease setting. In particular, strong preclinical evidence for the aberrant activation of the HGF/c-Met signaling pathways in GC cancers exists. This review will cover the c-Met pathway, the mechanisms of c-Met activation and the different strategies of its inhibition. Next, we will focus on the current state of the art in the clinical evaluation of c-Met-targeted therapies and the description of ongoing randomized trials with the idea that in this disease, high quality translational research to identify and validate biomarkers is a priority task.
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22
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Oltolina F, Gregoletto L, Colangelo D, Gómez-Morales J, Delgado-López JM, Prat M. Monoclonal antibody-targeted fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate-labeled biomimetic nanoapatites: a promising fluorescent probe for imaging applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:1766-1775. [PMID: 25602940 DOI: 10.1021/la503747s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs) are acquiring increasing interest as carriers in medicine and basic research since they can efficiently combine labels for subsequent tracking, moieties for specific cell targeting, and bioactive molecules, e.g., drugs. In particular, because of their easy synthesis, low cost, good biocompatibility, high resorbability, easy surface functionalization, and pH-dependent solubility, nanocrystalline apatites are promising candidates as nanocarriers. This work describes the synthesis and characterization of bioinspired apatite nanoparticles to be used as fluorescent nanocarriers targeted against the Met/hepatocyte growth factor receptor, which is considered a tumor associated cell surface marker of many cancers. To this aim the nanoparticles have been labeled with Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC) by simple isothermal adsorption, in the absence of organic, possibly toxic, molecules, and then functionalized with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against such a receptor. Direct labeling of the nanoparticles allowed tracking the moieties with spatiotemporal resolution and thus following their interaction with cells, expressing or not the targeted receptor, as well as their fate in vitro. Cytofluorometry and confocal microscopy experiments showed that the functionalized nanocarriers, which emitted a strong fluorescent signal, were rapidly and specifically internalized in cells expressing the receptor. Indeed, we found that, once inside the cells expressing the receptor, mAb-functionalized FITC nanoparticles partially dissociated in their two components, with some mAbs being recycled to the cell surface and the FITC-labeled nanoparticles remaining in the cytosol. This work thus shows that FITC-labeled nanoapatites are very promising probes for targeted cell imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Oltolina
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro" , Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Baldanzi G, Graziani A. Physiological Signaling and Structure of the HGF Receptor MET. Biomedicines 2014; 3:1-31. [PMID: 28536396 PMCID: PMC5344233 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The "hepatocyte growth factor" also known as "scatter factor", is a multifunctional cytokine with the peculiar ability of simultaneously triggering epithelial cell proliferation, movement and survival. The combination of those proprieties results in the induction of an epithelial to mesenchymal transition in target cells, fundamental for embryogenesis but also exploited by tumor cells during metastatization. The hepatocyte growth factor receptor, MET, is a proto-oncogene and a prototypical transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor. Inhere we discuss the MET molecular structure and the hepatocyte growth factor driven physiological signaling which coordinates epithelial proliferation, motility and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Baldanzi
- Department Translational Medicine, University Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Department Translational Medicine, University Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy.
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Prat M, Oltolina F, Basilico C. Monoclonal Antibodies against the MET/HGF Receptor and Its Ligand: Multitask Tools with Applications from Basic Research to Therapy. Biomedicines 2014; 2:359-383. [PMID: 28548076 PMCID: PMC5344273 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines2040359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies can be seen as valuable tools for many aspects of basic as well as applied sciences. In the case of MET/HGFR, they allowed the identification of truncated isoforms of the receptor, as well as the dissection of different epitopes, establishing structure-function relationships. Antibodies directed against MET extracellular domain were found to be full or partial receptor agonists or antagonists. The agonists can mimic the effects of the different isoforms of the natural ligand, but with the advantage of being more stable than the latter. Thus, some agonist antibodies promote all the biological responses triggered by MET activation, including motility, proliferation, morphogenesis, and protection from apoptosis, while others can induce only a migratory response. On the other hand, antagonists can inhibit MET-driven biological functions either by competing with the ligand or by removing the receptor from the cell surface. Since MET/HGFR is often over-expressed and/or aberrantly activated in tumors, monoclonal antibodies can be used as probes for MET detection or as "bullets" to target MET-expressing tumor cells, thus pointing to their use in diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Prat
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Francesca Oltolina
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Cristina Basilico
- Laboratory of Exploratory Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Str. Prov. 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy.
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Ruco L, Scarpino S. The Pathogenetic Role of the HGF/c-Met System in Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid. Biomedicines 2014; 2:263-274. [PMID: 28548071 PMCID: PMC5344270 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines2040263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The MET oncogene encodes for Met protein, a trans-membrane tyrosine kinase identified as the high affinity receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated that Met protein is intensely expressed in tumor cells of >95% cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma. High density of Met protein in tumor cells is the result of increased transcription of a normal MET gene, probably due to a combination of intracellular and extracellular signals. Over-expression of Met protein is more pronounced at the invading front of the tumor and can profoundly affect the tumorigenesis of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. In fact, Met protein-positive papillary carcinoma cells are highly responsive to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is effective in stimulating tumor cell adhesion, migration and invasiveness. In addition, HGF stimulation of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid (PTC) cells causes up-regulation of COX-2 and down-regulation of CD82/KAI-1; both these molecules have a major role in controlling tumor cell invasiveness. Finally, HGF stimulation of tumor cells may significantly affect the tumor microenvironment. In fact, HGF induces tumor cells to release chemokines active in the recruitment of dendritic cells, and is involved in regulating the production of proangiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Ruco
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Pathology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefania Scarpino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Pathology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy.
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Immunohistochemical expression of receptor tyrosine kinase PDGFR-α, c-Met, and EGFR in skull base chordoma. Neurosurg Rev 2014; 38:89-98; discussion 98-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10143-014-0579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bigatto V, De Bacco F, Casanova E, Reato G, Lanzetti L, Isella C, Sarotto I, Comoglio PM, Boccaccio C. TNF-α promotes invasive growth through the MET signaling pathway. Mol Oncol 2014; 9:377-88. [PMID: 25306394 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) is known to trigger invasive growth, a physiological property for tissue healing, turning into a hallmark of progression in cancer. However, the invasive response to TNF-α relies on poorly understood molecular mechanisms. We thus investigated whether it involves the MET oncogene, which regulates the invasive growth program by encoding the tyrosine kinase receptor for Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF). Here we show that the TNF-α pro-invasive activity requires MET function, as it is fully inhibited by MET-specific inhibitors (small-molecules, antibodies, and siRNAs). Mechanistically, we show that TNF-α induces MET transcription via NF-κB, and exploits MET to sustain MEK/ERK activation and Snail accumulation, leading to E-cadherin downregulation. We then show that TNF-α not only induces MET expression in cancer cells, but also HGF secretion by fibroblasts. Consistently, we found that, in human colorectal cancer tissues, high levels of TNF-α correlates with increased expression of both MET and HGF. These findings suggest that TNF-α fosters a HGF/MET pro-invasive paracrine loop in tumors. Targeting this ligand/receptor pair would contribute to prevent cancer progression associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Bigatto
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO (IRCCS), Str. Prov. 142, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca De Bacco
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO (IRCCS), Str. Prov. 142, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Casanova
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO (IRCCS), Str. Prov. 142, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Gigliola Reato
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO (IRCCS), Str. Prov. 142, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Letizia Lanzetti
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO (IRCCS), Str. Prov. 142, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Isella
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO (IRCCS), Str. Prov. 142, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Ivana Sarotto
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO (IRCCS), Str. Prov. 142, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo M Comoglio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO (IRCCS), Str. Prov. 142, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy.
| | - Carla Boccaccio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO (IRCCS), Str. Prov. 142, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy.
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Sylvester PW. Targeting met mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the treatment of breast cancer. Clin Transl Med 2014; 3:30. [PMID: 26932375 PMCID: PMC4883993 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-014-0030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor receptor (Met) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a critical role in promoting cancer cell malignant progression. Met is activated by its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). HGF-dependent Met activation plays an important role in stimulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cells, resulting in increased tumor cell proliferation, survival, motility, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. The HGF/Met axis has thus attracted great interest as a potential target in the development of novel cancer therapies. In an effort to suppress tumor cell malignant progression, efforts have been made to develop agents capable of inhibiting inhibit Met-induced EMT, including specific Met tyrosine kinase inhibitors, HGF antagonists that interfere with HGF binding to Met, and antibodies that prevent Met activation and/or dimerization. Tocotrienols, a subgroup within the vitamin E family of compounds, display potent anticancer activity that results, at least in part, from inhibition of HGF-dependent Met activation and signaling. The present review will provide a brief summary of the increasing importance of the HGF/Met axis as an attractive target for cancer chemotherapy and the role of tocotrienols in suppressing Met activation, signaling and HGF-induced EMT in breast cancer cells. Evidence provided suggests that γ-tocotrienol therapy may afford significant benefit in the treatment of breast cancers characterized by Met dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Sylvester
- School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue, Monroe, 71209-0470, LA, USA.
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Increased NQO1 but not c-MET and survivin expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma with KRAS mutations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:9491-502. [PMID: 25222473 PMCID: PMC4199031 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110909491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is one of the most significant public health issues and the most common environmental cause of preventable cancer deaths worldwide. EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor)-targeted therapy has been used in the treatment of LC (lung cancer), mainly caused by the carcinogens in cigarette smoke, with variable success. Presence of mutations in the KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) driver oncogene may confer worse prognosis and resistance to treatment for reasons not fully understood. NQO1 (NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase), also known as DT-diaphorase, is a major regulator of oxidative stress and activator of mitomycins, compounds that have been targeted in over 600 pre-clinical trials for treatment of LC. We sequenced KRAS and investigated expression of NQO1 and five clinically relevant proteins (DNMT1, DNMT3a, ERK1/2, c-MET, and survivin) in 108 patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). NQO1, ERK1/2, DNMT1, and DNMT3a but not c-MET and survivin expression was significantly more frequent in patients with KRAS mutations than those without, suggesting the following: (1) oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis, worse prognosis, and resistance to treatment reported in NSCLC patients with KRAS mutations, (2) selecting patients based on their KRAS mutational status for future clinical trials may increase success rate, and (3) since oxidation of nucleotides also specifically induces transversion mutations, the high rate of KRAS transversions in lung cancer patients may partly be due to the increased oxidative stress in addition to the known carcinogens in cigarette smoke.
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Volitinib, a potent and highly selective c-Met inhibitor, effectively blocks c-Met signaling and growth in c-MET amplified gastric cancer patient-derived tumor xenograft models. Mol Oncol 2014; 9:323-33. [PMID: 25248999 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the incidence of cMET gene copy number changes and protein overexpression in Chinese gastric cancer (GC) and to preclinically test the hypothesis that the novel, potent and selective cMET small-molecule inhibitor volitinib, will deliver potent anti-tumor activity in cMET-dysregulated GC patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A range of assays were used and included; in vitro cell line panel screening and pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis, cMET fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemical (IHC) tissue microarray (TMA) analysis of Chinese GC (n = 170), and anti-tumor efficacy testing and PD analysis of gastric PDX models using volitinib. RESULTS The incidence of cMET gene amplification and protein overexpression within Chinese patient GC tumors was 6% and 13%, respectively. Volitinib displayed a highly selective profile across a gastric cell line panel, potently inhibiting cell growth only in those lines with dysregulated cMET (EC50 values 0.6 nM/L-12.5 nM/L). Volitinib treatment led to pharmacodynamic modulation of cMET signaling and potent tumor stasis in 3/3 cMET-dysregulated GC PDX models, but had negligible activity in a GC control model. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an assessment of tumor cMET gene copy number changes and protein overexpression incidence in a cohort of Chinese GC patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate anti-tumor efficacy in a panel of cMET-dysregulated gastric cancer PDX models, using a novel selective cMET-inhibitor (volitinib). Thus, the translational science presented here provides strong rationale for the investigation of volitinib as a therapeutic option for patients with GC tumors harboring amplified cMET.
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Gelsomino F, Facchinetti F, Haspinger E, Garassino M, Trusolino L, De Braud F, Tiseo M. Targeting the MET gene for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 89:284-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Iafisco M, Delgado-Lopez JM, Varoni EM, Tampieri A, Rimondini L, Gomez-Morales J, Prat M. Cell surface receptor targeted biomimetic apatite nanocrystals for cancer therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:3834-44. [PMID: 23606568 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized drug carriers functionalized with moieties specifically targeting tumor cells are promising tools in cancer therapy, due to their ability to circulate in the bloodstream for longer periods and their selectivity for tumor cells, enabling the sparing of healthy tissues. Because of its biocompatibility, high bioresorbability, and responsiveness to pH changes, synthetic biomimetic nanocrystalline apatites are used as nanocarriers to produce multifunctional nanoparticles, by coupling them with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOXO) and the DO-24 monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against the Met/Hepatocyte Growth Factor receptor (Met/HGFR), which is over-expressed on different types of carcinomas and thus represents a useful tumor target. The chemical-physical features of the nanoparticles are fully investigated and their interaction with cells expressing (GTL-16 gastric carcinoma line) or not expressing (NIH-3T3 fibroblasts) the Met/HGFR is analyzed. Functionalized nanoparticles specifically bind to and are internalized in cells expressing the receptor (GTL-16) but not in the ones that do not express it (NIH-3T3). Moreover they discharge DOXO in the targeted GTL-16 cells that reach the nucleus and display cytotoxicity as assessed in an MTT assay. Two different types of ternary nanoparticles are prepared, differing for the sequence of the functionalization steps (adsorption of DOXO first and then mAb or vice versa), and it is found that the ones in which mAb is adsorbed first are more efficient under all the examined aspects (binding, internalization, cytotoxicity), possibly because of a better mAb orientation on the nanoparticle surface. These multifunctional nanoparticles could thus be useful instruments for targeted local or systemic drug delivery, allowing a reduction in the therapeutic dose of the drug and thus adverse side effects. Moreover, this work opens new perspectives in the use of nanocrystalline apatites as a new platform for theranostic applications in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Iafisco
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
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KhoshdelRad N, Salehi Z, Mashayekhi F, Abbasi O, Mirzajani E. Soluble c-Met expression in the peritoneal fluid and serum of patients with different stages of endometriosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2013; 289:1107-12. [PMID: 24213016 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-013-3082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), also known as scatter factor, and its receptor c-Met have been shown to be implicated in endometriosis. HGF acts as a mitogen, motogen, and morphogen on endometrial epithelial cells. The expression of c-Met on human endometrial cells has been reported. Many proteins are proteolytically released from the surface by a process known as ectodomain shedding. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of soluble c-Met (s-cMet) in the peritoneal fluid (PF) and serum samples of patients with different stages of endometriosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS 39 PF and serum samples from normal healthy and 130 samples from different stages of patients with endometriosis (33 cases of stage I, 38 stage II, 30 stage III and 29 stage IV) were included in this study. Total protein concentration (TPC) and the level of s-cMet in the PF and serum were determined by Bio-Rad protein assay based on the Bradford dye procedure and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULTS No significant change in the TPC was seen in the serum and PF of patients with endometriosis when compared with normal controls. Results obtained demonstrated that all PF and serum samples presented s-cMet expression, whereas, starting from stages I to IV endometriosis, a significant increase of s-cMet expression was observed as compared to controls. CONCLUSION The results of this study show that a high expression of s-cMet is correlated with advanced stages of endometriosis. It is also concluded that the detection of serum and PF s-cMet may be useful in classifying endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilofar KhoshdelRad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Xiang H, Bender BC, Reyes AE, Merchant M, Jumbe NL', Romero M, Davancaze T, Nijem I, Mai E, Young J, Peterson A, Damico-Beyer LA. Onartuzumab (MetMAb): using nonclinical pharmacokinetic and concentration-effect data to support clinical development. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5068-78. [PMID: 23894056 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We characterized the pharmacokinetics of onartuzumab (MetMAb) in animals and determined a concentration-effect relationship in tumor-bearing mice to enable estimation of clinical pharmacokinetics and target doses. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A tumor growth inhibition model was used to estimate tumoristatic concentrations (TSC) in mice. Human pharmacokinetic parameters were projected from pharmacokinetics in cynomolgus monkeys by the species-invariant time method. Monte Carlo simulations predicted the percentage of patients achieving steady-state trough serum concentrations (Ctrough ss) ≥TSC for every 3-week (Q3W) dosing. RESULTS Onartuzumab clearance (CL) in the linear dose range was 21.1 and 12.2 mL/d/kg in mice and cynomolgus monkeys with elimination half-life at 6.10 and 3.37 days, respectively. The estimated TSC in KP4 pancreatic xenograft tumor-bearing mice was 15 μg/mL. Projected CL for humans in the linear dose range was 5.74 to 9.36 mL/d/kg with scaling exponents of CL at 0.75 to 0.9. Monte Carlo simulations projected a Q3W dose of 10 to 30 mg/kg to achieve Ctrough ss of 15 μg/mL in 95% or more of patients. CONCLUSIONS Onartuzumab pharmacokinetics differed from typical bivalent glycosylated monoclonal antibodies with approximately 2-times faster CL in the linear dose range. Despite this higher CL, xenograft efficacy data supported dose flexibility with Q1W to Q3W dose regimens in the clinical setting with a TSC of 15 μg/mL as the Ctrough ss target. The projected human efficacious dose of 10 to 30 mg/kg Q3W should achieve the target TSC of 15 μg/mL. These data show effective pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling to project doses to be tested in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiang
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Sciences, Translational Oncology, Bioanalytical Sciences, Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, and Portfolio Management and Operations, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco; Quantitative Solutions, Menlo Park; Medivation, Inc., San Francisco; and Celgene, San Diego, California
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Ge SH, Wu XJ, Wang XH, Xing XF, Zhang LH, Zhu YB, Du H, Dong B, Hu Y, Ji JF. Over-expression of Metastasis-associated in Colon Cancer-1 (MACC1) Associates with Better Prognosis of Gastric Cancer Patients. Chin J Cancer Res 2013; 23:153-9. [PMID: 23483020 DOI: 10.1007/s11670-011-0153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to detect metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) expression in Chinese gastric cancer and analyze the relationship between MACC1 expression and postoperative survival. METHODS The expression of MACC1 and c-MET protein in a sample of 128 gastric cancer tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. A retrospective cohort study on the prognosis was carried out and data were collected from medical records. RESULTS The positive rate of MACC1 protein expression in gastric cancer was 47.66%, higher than that in adjacent noncancerous mucosa (P<0.001). MACC1 protein expression was not related to the clinicopathological variables involved. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the survival of MACC1 positive group tended to be better than that of MACC1 negative group, particularly in patients with stage III carcinoma (P=0.032). Cox regression analysis revealed that MACC1 protein over-expression in gastric cancer tended to be a protective factor with hazard ratio of 0.621 (P=0.057). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the positive rate of c-MET protein expression was much higher in cases with positive MACC1 expression in gastric cancer (P=0.002), but P53 expression was not associated with MACC1 expression. CONCLUSION MACC1 over-expression implies better survival and may be an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer in Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Ge
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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The clinicopathologic association of c-MET overexpression in Iranian gastric carcinomas; an immunohistochemical study of tissue microarrays. Diagn Pathol 2012; 7:57. [PMID: 22640970 PMCID: PMC3408322 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background c-MET is an oncogene protein that plays important role in gastric carcinogenesis and has been introduced as a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of c-MET overexpression and its relationship with clinicopathological variables in gastric cancer of Iranian population using tissue microarray. Methods In a cross sectional study, representative paraffin blocks of 130 patients with gastric carcinoma treated by curative gastrectomy during a 2 years period of 2008–2009 in two university hospitals in Tehran-Iran were collected in tissue microarray and c-MET expression was studied by immunohistochemical staining. Results Finally 124 cases were evaluated, constituted of 99 male and 25 female with the average age of 61.5 years. In 71% (88/124) of tumors, c-MET high expression was found. c-MET high expression was more associated with intestinal than diffuse tumor type (P = 0.04), deeper tumor invasion, pT3 and pT4 versus pT1 and pT2 (P = 0.014), neural invasion (P = 0.002) and advanced TNM staging, stage 3 and 4 versus stage 1 and2 (P = 0.044). The c-MET high expression was not associated with age, sex, tumor location, differentiation grade and distant metastasis, but relative associations with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.065) and vascular invasion (P = 0.078) were observed. Conclusions c-MET oncogene protein was frequently overexpressed in Iranian gastric carcinomas and it was related to clinicopathological characteristics such as tumor type, depth of invasion, neural invasion and TNM staging. It can also support the idea that c-MET is a potential marker for target therapy in Iranian gastric cancer. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/9744598757151429
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Iafisco M, Varoni E, Di Foggia M, Pietronave S, Fini M, Roveri N, Rimondini L, Prat M. Conjugation of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals with human immunoglobulin G for nanomedical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 90:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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De Bacco F, Luraghi P, Medico E, Reato G, Girolami F, Perera T, Gabriele P, Comoglio PM, Boccaccio C. Induction of MET by ionizing radiation and its role in radioresistance and invasive growth of cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011; 103:645-61. [PMID: 21464397 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djr093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionizing radiation (IR) is effectively used in cancer therapy. However, in subsets of patients, a few radioresistant cancer cells survive and cause disease relapse with metastatic progression. The MET oncogene encodes the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor and is known to drive "invasive growth", a regenerative and prosurvival program unduly activated in metastasis. METHODS Human tumor cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435S, U251) were subjected to therapeutic doses of IR. MET mRNA, and protein expression and signal transduction were compared in treated and untreated cells, and the involvement of the DNA-damage sensor ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in activating MET transcription were analyzed by immunoblotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and use of NF-κB silencing RNA (siRNA). Cell invasiveness was measured in wound healing and transwell assays, and cell survival was measured in viability and clonogenic assays. MET was inhibited by siRNA or small-molecule kinase inhibitors (PHA665752 or JNJ-38877605). Combinations of MET-targeted therapy and radiotherapy were assessed in MDA-MB-231 and U251 xenografts (n = 5-6 mice per group). All P values were from two-sided tests. RESULTS After irradiation, MET expression in cell lines was increased up to fivefold via activation of ATM and NF-κB. MET overexpression increased ligand-independent MET phosphorylation and signal transduction, and rendered cells more sensitive to HGF. Irradiated cells became more invasive via a MET-dependent mechanism that was further enhanced in the presence of HGF. MET silencing by siRNA or inhibition of its kinase activity by treatment with PHA665752 or JNJ-38877605 counteracted radiation-induced invasiveness, promoted apoptosis, and prevented cells from resuming proliferation after irradiation in vitro. Treatment with MET inhibitors enhanced the efficacy of IR to stop the growth of or to induce the regression of xenografts (eg, at day 13, U251 xenografts, mean volume increase relative to mean tumor volume at day 0: vehicle = 438%, 5 Gy IR = 151%, 5 Gy IR + JNJ-38877605 = 76%; difference, IR vs JNJ-38877604 + IR = 75%, 95% CI = 59% to 91%, P = .01). CONCLUSION IR induces overexpression and activity of the MET oncogene through the ATM-NF-κB signaling pathway; MET, in turn, promotes cell invasion and protects cells from apoptosis, thus supporting radioresistance. Drugs targeting MET increase tumor cell radiosensitivity and prevent radiation-induced invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Bacco
- IRCC-Institute for Cancer Research at Candiolo, University of Turin Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
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Lee YJ, Kim DH, Lee SH, Kim DW, Nam HS, Cho MK. Expression of the c-Met Proteins in Malignant Skin Cancers. Ann Dermatol 2011; 23:33-8. [PMID: 21738360 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2011.23.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of c-Met is substantially elevated in most malignant human cancers. We therefore searched for c-Met expression and compared the expression level among malignant skin cancers. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the c-Met expression pattern and the protein expression level in selected malignant cutaneous tumors. METHODS G361 cells (malignant melanoma cell line) and A431 cells (squamous cell carcinoma cell line) were cultured and analyzed, using immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis, for expression of c-Met. Additionally, 16 separate specimens of malignant melanomas (MMs), 16 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), 16 basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and 16 normal tissues were analyzed for the expression of c-Met using immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS Based on cultured cell immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis, both A431 cells and G361 cells expressed c-Met, however, c-Met was expressed substantially more in G361 cells. Immunohistochemical examination of c-Met showed that it was over-expressed in all malignant skin cancers. In addition, c-Met expression was more increased in MM compared to other cancers. CONCLUSION In our study, c-Met is involved in malignant skin cancer development and the level of its expression is thought to be related to the degree of malignancy in melanoma cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jin Lee
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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Sánchez A, Fabregat I. Growth factor- and cytokine-driven pathways governing liver stemness and differentiation. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:5148-61. [PMID: 21049549 PMCID: PMC2975086 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i41.5148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver is unique in its capacity to regenerate in response to injury or tissue loss. Hepatocytes and other liver cells are able to proliferate and repopulate the liver. However, when this response is impaired, the contribution of hepatic progenitors becomes very relevant. Here, we present an update of recent studies on growth factors and cytokine-driven intracellular pathways that govern liver stem/progenitor cell expansion and differentiation, and the relevance of these signals in liver development, regeneration and carcinogenesis. Tyrosine kinase receptor signaling, in particular, c-Met, epidermal growth factor receptors or fibroblast growth factor receptors, contribute to proliferation, survival and differentiation of liver stem/progenitor cells. Different evidence suggests a dual role for the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway in liver stemness and differentiation. On the one hand, TGF-β mediates progression of differentiation from a progenitor stage, but on the other hand, it contributes to the expansion of liver stem cells. Hedgehog family ligands are necessary to promote hepatoblast proliferation but need to be shut off to permit subsequent hepatoblast differentiation. In the same line, the Wnt family and β-catenin/T-cell factor pathway is clearly involved in the maintenance of liver stemness phenotype, and its repression is necessary for liver differentiation during development. Collectively, data indicate that liver stem/progenitor cells follow their own rules and regulations. The same signals that are essential for their activation, expansion and differentiation are good candidates to contribute, under adequate conditions, to the paradigm of transformation from a pro-regenerative to a pro-tumorigenic role. From a clinical perspective, this is a fundamental issue for liver stem/progenitor cell-based therapies.
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Cantelmo AR, Cammarota R, Noonan DM, Focaccetti C, Comoglio PM, Prat M, Albini A. Cell delivery of Met docking site peptides inhibit angiogenesis and vascular tumor growth. Oncogene 2010; 29:5286-98. [PMID: 20603611 PMCID: PMC3007100 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor Met are responsible for a wide variety of cellular responses, both physiologically during embryo development and tissue homeostasis, and pathologically, particularly during tumor growth and dissemination. In cancer, Met can act as an oncogene on tumor cells, as well as a pro-angiogenic factor activating endothelial cells and inducing new vessel formation. Molecules interfering with Met activity could be valuable therapeutic agents. Here we have investigated the antiangiogenic properties of a synthetic peptide mimicking the docking site of the Met carboxyl-terminal tail, which was delivered into the cells by fusion with the internalization sequences from Antennapedia or HIV-Tat. We showed that these peptides inhibit ligand-dependent endothelial cell proliferation, motility, invasiveness and morphogenesis in vitro to an even greater extent and with much less toxicity than the Met inhibitor PHA-665752, which correlated with interference of HGF-dependent downstream signaling. In vivo, the peptides inhibited HGF-induced angiogenesis in the matrigel sponge assay and impaired xenograft tumor growth and vascularization in Kaposi's sarcoma. These data show that interference with the Met receptor intracellular sequence impairs HGF-induced angiogenesis, suggesting the use of antidocking site compounds as a therapeutic strategy to counteract angiogenesis in cancer as well as in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Cantelmo
- Oncology Research, Science and Technology Pole, Casa di Cura MultiMedica-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Goetsch L, Caussanel V. Selection criteria for c-Met-targeted therapies: emerging evidence for biomarkers. Biomark Med 2010; 4:149-70. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.09.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive development of targeted therapies emphasize the critical need for biomarkers and major efforts have been engaged to identify screening, prognostic, stratification and therapy-monitoring markers. One of the challenges in translating preclinical studies into effective clinical therapies remains the accurate identification of a responsive subsets of patients. Studies on trastuzumab demonstrated that patient response could be specifically correlated with the amplification of the Her2 gene. However, for the EGF receptor, it has been more difficult to find the right stratification biomarker and recent data demonstrate that genetic alterations for the EGF receptor have to be considered. Taken together, these data underline the need for a deeper understanding of both targeted receptor and human disease to determine pathways that might be investigated during early clinical trials in order to define relevant biomarkers for patient selection. This article, dealing with the c-Met tyrosine kinase receptor, provides an overview of c-Met alterations observed in cancer and proposes approaches for stratification biomarker selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Goetsch
- Centre d’Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 avenue Napoléon III F-74164 Saint Julien en Genevois, France
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Toschi L, Jänne PA. Single-agent and combination therapeutic strategies to inhibit hepatocyte growth factor/MET signaling in cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:5941-6. [PMID: 18829470 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases are often aberrantly activated in human malignancies and contribute to cancer development and progression. Specific receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been shown to be clinically effective therapies in subsets of cancer patients with either hematologic or solid tumors. Activation of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/MET signaling pathway has been found to play a critical role in oncogenesis, cancer metastasis, and drug resistance. These observations have led to the development of agents that can effectively inhibit HGF/MET signaling through direct inhibition of the receptor (anti-MET antibodies), through inactivation of its ligand HGF (AMG102, L2G7), by interfering with HGF binding to MET (NK4), or by inhibiting MET kinase activity (PHA-665752 and SU11274). Moreover, the combination of anti-MET therapeutic agents with either signal transduction inhibitors (ERBB family or mTOR inhibitors) or with cytotoxic chemotherapy has been evaluated in preclinical models. These studies provide insight into the rational development of combination therapeutic strategies that can be evaluated in clinical trials. This review will discuss different strategies of MET inhibition with a specific focus on combination therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Toschi
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Nayeri F, Nayeri T, Aili D, Brudin L, Liedberg B. Clinical impact of real-time evaluation of the biological activity and degradation of hepatocyte growth factor. Growth Factors 2008; 26:163-71. [PMID: 18569024 PMCID: PMC2562019 DOI: 10.1080/08977190802128083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is essential for injury repair. Despite high HGF levels in chronic ulcers, up-regulation of HGF receptor in ulcer tissue and decreased biological activity of HGF in ulcer secretions have been observed. With a surface plasmon resonance-based method, we assessed the binding of HGF to antibodies, receptors, and the basement membrane and identified binding interactions that are indispensable for the biological activity of HGF. Recombinant HGF (rHGF) lots were tested for activity, structural integrity, and degradation, and the results were verified in an in vitro model of cell injury. Biologically active rHGF, as well as plasma from healthy volunteers, bound to heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) and to anti-HGF antibodies. Decreased binding to HSPG was the first event in rHGF degradation. This study established the feasibility of identifying patients with chronic inflammation who need exogenous HGF and of using ligand-binding assessment to evaluate rHGF lots for biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Nayeri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Science, University Hospital, Linkoping, Sweden.
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Sipos F, Galamb O, Herszényi L, Molnár B, Solymosi N, Zágoni T, Berczi L, Tulassay Z. Elevated insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, hepatocyte growth factor receptor and telomerase protein expression in mild ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2008; 43:289-98. [PMID: 18938767 DOI: 10.1080/00365520701714434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The risk of development of colorectal carcinoma is elevated in chronic, long-standing ulcerative colitis (UC). The changes in regenerative and immortalizing pathways caused by the inflammatory process, and that have been proved to be carcinogenic in other human tissues, have not been fully and uniformly described. We assayed the expression alterations of regenerative signal receptors and cell-aging inhibitory systems within colonic crypts by considering the histological activity of the disease. METHODS I-type insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase associated protein (TP-1) expression were evaluated immunohistochemically on biopsy specimens from 11 mild, 11 moderate and 12 severe active inflammation of UC cases and from 10 normal colonic tissue cases. Independent colonic biopsies from 5 healthy and 7 severe UC cases were used for TaqMan real-time RT-PCR validation. RESULTS In mild inflammation, all observed parameters showed significantly elevated epithelial protein expression (IGF1R: 22.3 +/- 9.46%; HGFR: 35.3 +/- 22.8%; TERT/TP-1: 2.1 +/- 1.87%/2 +/- 1.32%) compared to normal (p < 0.005). In moderately active inflammation, only IGF1R expression was significantly higher (50.2 +/- 8.6%) compared to normal and mild inflammation (p < 0.005). In severe inflammation, all parameters showed decreased epithelial expression; IGF1R showed decreased mRNA expression, while HGFR was overexpressed and TERT showed a decreased tendency. CONCLUSIONS The epithelial expression of IGF1R, HGFR and TERT/TP-1 is elevated in mildly active UC. This phenomenon may allow the epithelial cells that collected genetic defects during severe inflammatory episodes pathologically to survive and proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Sipos
- and Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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FUKUDA R, CHOWDHURY A, ISHIMURA N, ISHIHARA S, KAJI T, HIRAKAWA K, KUSHIYAMA Y, ARIMA N, ADACHI K, ASHIZAWA N, FUKUMOTO S. Growth Factor mRNA Expression in Colorectal Mucosal Biopsies from Ulcerative Colitis Patients: Association with Disease Duration. Dig Endosc 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/den.1996.8.3.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo FUKUDA
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane Medical University, Shimane, Japan
| | | | - Norihisa ISHIMURA
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane Medical University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Shunji ISHIHARA
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane Medical University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Takekazu KAJI
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane Medical University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kazuya HIRAKAWA
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane Medical University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yoshinori KUSHIYAMA
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane Medical University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Noriyuki ARIMA
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane Medical University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kyoichi ADACHI
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane Medical University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Nobuo ASHIZAWA
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane Medical University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Shiro FUKUMOTO
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane Medical University, Shimane, Japan
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Cantiani L, Manara MC, Zucchini C, De Sanctis P, Zuntini M, Valvassori L, Serra M, Olivero M, Di Renzo MF, Colombo MP, Picci P, Scotlandi K. Caveolin-1 reduces osteosarcoma metastases by inhibiting c-Src activity and met signaling. Cancer Res 2007; 67:7675-85. [PMID: 17699771 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is highly expressed in normal osteoblasts. This article reports that Cav-1 down-regulation is part of osteoblast transformation and osteosarcoma progression and validates its role as oncosuppressor in human osteosarcoma. A survey of 6-year follow-up indicates a better overall survival for osteosarcoma expressing a level of Cav-1 similar to osteoblasts. However, the majority of primary osteosarcoma shows significantly lower levels of Cav-1 than normal osteoblasts. Accordingly, Met-induced osteoblast transformation is associated with Cav-1 down-regulation. In vitro, osteosarcoma cell lines forced to overexpress Cav-1 show reduced malignancy with inhibited anchorage-independent growth, migration, and invasion. In vivo, Cav-1 overexpression abrogates the metastatic ability of osteosarcoma cells. c-Src and c-Met tyrosine kinases, which are activated in osteosarcoma, colocalize with Cav-1 and are inhibited on Cav-1 overexpression. Thus, Cav-1 behaves as an oncosuppressor in osteosarcoma. Altogether, data suggest that Cav-1 down-modulation might function as a permissive mechanism, which, by unleashing c-Src and Met signaling, enables osteosarcoma cells to invade neighboring tissues. These data strengthen the rationale to target c-Src family kinases and/or Met receptor to improve the extremely poor prognosis of metastatic osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Cantiani
- Laboratory of Oncology Research, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Italy
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Lindemann K, Resau J, Nährig J, Kort E, Leeser B, Annecke K, Welk A, Schäfer J, Vande Woude GF, Lengyel E, Harbeck N. Differential expression of c-Met, its ligand HGF/SF and HER2/neu in DCIS and adjacent normal breast tissue. Histopathology 2007; 51:54-62. [PMID: 17593080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Tyrosine kinase receptors Her2/neu and c-Met play an important role in breast cancer development and progression. Our aim was to determine the expression of c-Met, its ligand hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) and Her2/neu in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions of the breast (n = 39) by two different immunocytochemical techniques, classical immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, and to correlate their expression levels with histopathological and clinical characteristics. METHODS AND RESULTS Both methods revealed similar c-Met staining patterns in both the in situ component and the adjacent normal tissue (P < 0.001). However, an imbalance in c-Met expression between tumour and surrounding normal tissue was correlated with high-grade DCIS (Van Nuys Grade 3). No correlation existed between Her2/neu and c-Met expression. High HGF/SF immunoreactivity was observed in 43.6% of the cases, yet the adjacent cellular stroma revealed only low levels of HGF/SF. No correlation existed between c-Met, Her2/neu or HGF/SF expression and clinicopathological factors. CONCLUSION An imbalance in c-Met expression between tumour and surrounding normal tissue is associated with an aggressive DCIS phenotype. Moreover, c-Met and HGF/SF may contribute to tumour development by different means than those controlled by Her2/neu.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lindemann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Technical University, Munich, Germany
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Eavri R, Lorberboum-Galski H. A novel approach for enzyme replacement therapy. The use of phenylalanine hydroxylase-based fusion proteins for the treatment of phenylketonuria. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:23402-9. [PMID: 17565982 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m703367200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases arise from mutations in key enzymes of major metabolic pathways. One promising approach for the treatment of such diseases is based on the administration of a wild-type enzyme to substitute the activity of the impaired enzyme by the use of enzyme replacement therapy, yet it is important to deliver this enzyme to the specific deficient tissue. We suggest a new concept for the treatment of metabolic diseases using fusion proteins. We examined the feasibility of this concept in the well characterized metabolic disease, phenylketonuria (PKU), which results from a mutation in the liver enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). PAH is a key enzyme in the metabolic pathway of phenylalanine. Deficiency in PAH leads to high and persistent levels of this amino acid in the plasma of PKU patients, causing permanent neurological damage. Currently a low protein diet is still considered the only effective treatment for most PKU patients. To restore PAH activity in the liver of PKU patients, we constructed PAH-based fusion proteins with delivery moieties based on the HIV-transactivator of transcription peptide, and fragments of human hepatocyte growth factor aiming to specifically target PAH to the liver. We show that these new fusion proteins can be delivered into a variety of human liver cell lines and retain PAH activity after being internalized. We also show that plasma phenylalanine levels were dramatically lowered in mice treated with PAH-based fusion proteins after intravenous administration. We therefore suggest an alternative concept for the treatment of PKU using targeted fusion proteins, which may also be applied to the treatment of other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Eavri
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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