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Dzhumashev D, Anton-Joseph S, Morel VJ, Timpanaro A, Bordon G, Piccand C, Aleandri S, Luciani P, Rössler J, Bernasconi M. Rapid liposomal formulation for nucleolin targeting to rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 194:49-61. [PMID: 38029941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common pediatric soft tissue sarcoma. More effective and less toxic therapies are urgently needed for high-risk patients. Peptide-guided targeted drug delivery can increase the therapeutic index of encapsulated drugs and improve patients' well-being. To apply this strategy to RMS, we identified the peptide F3 in a screening for peptides binding to RMS cells surface. F3 binds to nucleolin, which is present on the surface of RMS cells and is abundantly expressed at the mRNA level in RMS patients' biopsies compared to healthy tissues. We developed a rapid microfluidic formulation of F3-decorated PEGylated liposomes and remote loading of the chemotherapeutic drug vincristine. Size, surface charge, drug loading and retention of targeted and control liposomes were studied. Enhanced cellular binding and uptake were observed in three different nucleolin-positive RMS cell lines. Importantly, F3-functionalized liposomes loaded with vincristine were up to 11 times more cytotoxic than non-targeted liposomes for RMS cell lines. These results demonstrate that F3-functionalized liposomes are promising for targeted drug delivery to RMS and warrant further in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzhangar Dzhumashev
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stenija Anton-Joseph
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Victoria J Morel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Timpanaro
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Bordon
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Piccand
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Aleandri
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paola Luciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Rössler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michele Bernasconi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
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2
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Gutay-Tóth Z, Gellen G, Doan M, Eliason JF, Vincze J, Szente L, Fenyvesi F, Goda K, Vecsernyés M, Szabó G, Bacso Z. Cholesterol-Depletion-Induced Membrane Repair Carries a Raft Conformer of P-Glycoprotein to the Cell Surface, Indicating Enhanced Cholesterol Trafficking in MDR Cells, Which Makes Them Resistant to Cholesterol Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12335. [PMID: 37569709 PMCID: PMC10419235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The human P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a transporter responsible for multidrug resistance, is present in the plasma membrane's raft and non-raft domains. One specific conformation of P-gp that binds to the monoclonal antibody UIC2 is primarily associated with raft domains and displays heightened internalization in cells overexpressing P-gp, such as in NIH-3T3 MDR1 cells. Our primary objective was to investigate whether the trafficking of this particular P-gp conformer is dependent on cholesterol levels. Surprisingly, depleting cholesterol using cyclodextrin resulted in an unexpected increase in the proportion of raft-associated P-gp within the cell membrane, as determined by UIC2-reactive P-gp. This increase appears to be a compensatory response to cholesterol loss from the plasma membrane, whereby cholesterol-rich raft micro-domains are delivered to the cell surface through an augmented exocytosis process. Furthermore, this exocytotic event is found to be part of a complex trafficking mechanism involving lysosomal exocytosis, which contributes to membrane repair after cholesterol reduction induced by cyclodextrin treatment. Notably, cells overexpressing P-gp demonstrated higher total cellular cholesterol levels, an increased abundance of stable lysosomes, and more effective membrane repair following cholesterol modifications. These modifications encompassed exocytotic events that involved the transport of P-gp-carrying rafts. Importantly, the enhanced membrane repair capability resulted in a durable phenotype for MDR1 expressing cells, as evidenced by significantly improved viabilities of multidrug-resistant Pgp-overexpressing immortal NIH-3T3 MDR1 and MDCK-MDR1 cells compared to their parents when subjected to cholesterol alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Gutay-Tóth
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.G.-T.); (G.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.); (G.S.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Gellen
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.G.-T.); (G.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.); (G.S.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Minh Doan
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.G.-T.); (G.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.); (G.S.)
| | - James F. Eliason
- Great Lakes Stem Cell Innovation Center, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - János Vincze
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Lajos Szente
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory, Ltd., 1097 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Katalin Goda
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.G.-T.); (G.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Miklós Vecsernyés
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.G.-T.); (G.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Zsolt Bacso
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.G.-T.); (G.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.); (G.S.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.F.); (M.V.)
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3
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Choo M, Mai VH, Kim HS, Kim DH, Ku JL, Lee SK, Park CK, An YJ, Park S. Involvement of cell shape and lipid metabolism in glioblastoma resistance to temozolomide. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:670-679. [PMID: 36100765 PMCID: PMC9958008 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) has been used as standard-of-care for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), but the resistance to TMZ develops quickly and frequently. Thus, more studies are needed to elucidate the resistance mechanisms. In the current study, we investigated the relationship among the three important phenotypes, namely TMZ-resistance, cell shape and lipid metabolism, in GBM cells. We first observed the distinct difference in cell shapes between TMZ-sensitive (U87) and resistant (U87R) GBM cells. We then conducted NMR-based lipid metabolomics, which revealed a significant increase in cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis as well as lower lipid unsaturation in U87R cells. Consistent with the lipid changes, U87R cells exhibited significantly lower membrane fluidity. The transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that lipid synthesis pathways through SREBP were upregulated in U87R cells, which was confirmed at the protein level. Fatostatin, an SREBP inhibitor, and other lipid pathway inhibitors (C75, TOFA) exhibited similar or more potent inhibition on U87R cells compared to sensitive U87 cells. The lower lipid unsaturation ratio, membrane fluidity and higher fatostatin sensitivity were all recapitulated in patient-derived TMZ-resistant primary cells. The observed ternary relationship among cell shape, lipid composition, and TMZ-resistance may be applicable to other drug-resistance cases. SREBP and fatostatin are suggested as a promising target-therapeutic agent pair for drug-resistant glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munki Choo
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Van-Hieu Mai
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Han Sun Kim
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Kim
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ja-Lok Ku
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Chul-Kee Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Yong Jin An
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Sunghyouk Park
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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4
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Starobova H, Vetter I. Pathophysiology of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:174. [PMID: 28620280 PMCID: PMC5450696 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy is a common, dose-dependent adverse effect of several antineoplastics. It can lead to detrimental dose reductions and discontinuation of treatment, and severely affects the quality of life of cancer survivors. Clinically, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy presents as deficits in sensory, motor, and autonomic function which develop in a glove and stocking distribution due to preferential effects on longer axons. The pathophysiological processes are multi-factorial and involve oxidative stress, apoptotic mechanisms, altered calcium homeostasis, axon degeneration and membrane remodeling as well as immune processes and neuroinflammation. This review focusses on the commonly used antineoplastic substances oxaliplatin, cisplatin, vincristine, docetaxel, and paclitaxel which interfere with the cancer cell cycle-leading to cell death and tumor degradation-and cause severe acute and chronic peripheral neuropathies. We discuss drug mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic disposition relevant to the development of peripheral neuropathy, the epidemiology and clinical presentation of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, emerging insight into genetic susceptibilities as well as current understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Starobova
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of QueenslandSt Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of QueenslandSt Lucia, QLD, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, University of QueenslandSt Lucia, QLD, Australia
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5
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Omran Z, Scaife P, Stewart S, Rauch C. Physical and biological characteristics of multi drug resistance (MDR): An integral approach considering pH and drug resistance in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 43:42-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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6
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Zhang L, Bennett WFD, Zheng T, Ouyang PK, Ouyang X, Qiu X, Luo A, Karttunen M, Chen P. Effect of Cholesterol on Cellular Uptake of Cancer Drugs Pirarubicin and Ellipticine. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:3148-56. [PMID: 26937690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Biological
and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Technology University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 211816
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - W. F. Drew Bennett
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Tao Zheng
- Biological
and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Technology University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 211816
| | - Ping-Kai Ouyang
- Biological
and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Technology University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 211816
| | - Xinping Ouyang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China, 510640
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China, 510640
| | - Anqi Luo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Mikko Karttunen
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, MetaForum, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - P. Chen
- Biological
and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Technology University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 211816
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
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7
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Abstract
ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters are primary active membrane proteins that translocate solutes (allocrites) across lipid bilayers. The prototypical ABC transporter consists of four domains: two cytoplasmic NBDs (nucleotide-binding domains) and two TMDs (transmembrane domains). The NBDs, whose primary sequence is highly conserved throughout the superfamily, bind and hydrolyse ATP to power the transport cycle. The TMDs, whose primary sequence and protein fold can be quite disparate, form the translocation pathway across the membrane and generally (but not always) determine allocrite specificity. Structure determination of ABC proteins initially took advantage of the relative ease of expression and crystallization of the hydrophilic bacterial NBDs in isolation from the transporter complex, and revealed detailed information on the structural fold of these domains, the amino acids involved in the binding and hydrolysis of nucleotide, and the head-to-tail arrangement of the NBD-NBD dimer interface. More recently, several intact transporters have been crystallized and three types have, so far, been characterized: type I and II ABC importers, and ABC exporters. All three are present in prokaryotes, but only the ABC exporters appear to be present in eukaryotes. Their structural determination has provided insight into the mechanisms of energy and signal transduction between the NBDs and TMDs (i.e. between the ATP- and allocrite-binding sites) and, for some, the nature of the allocrite-binding site(s) within the TMDs. In this chapter, we focus primarily on the ABC exporters and describe the structural, biochemical and biophysical evidence for and against the controversial bellows-like mechanism proposed for allocrite efflux.
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8
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Peetla C, Bhave R, Vijayaraghavalu S, Stine A, Kooijman E, Labhasetwar V. Drug resistance in breast cancer cells: biophysical characterization of and doxorubicin interactions with membrane lipids. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:2334-48. [PMID: 20958074 DOI: 10.1021/mp100308n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role of lipids in drug transport is critical in cancer chemotherapy to overcome drug resistance. In this study, we isolated lipids from doxorubicin-sensitive (MCF-7) and -resistant (MCF-7/ADR) breast cancer cells to characterize the biophysical properties of membrane lipids (particularly lipid packing and membrane fluidity) and to understand the role of the interaction of cell membrane lipids with drug/nanocarrier on drug uptake and efficacy. Resistant cell membrane lipids showed significantly different composition and formed more condensed, less fluid monolayers than did lipids from sensitive cells. Doxorubicin, used as a model anticancer agent, showed a strong hydrophobic interaction with resistant cell membrane lipids but significantly less interaction, as well as a different pattern of interaction (i.e., ionic), with sensitive ones. The threshold intracellular doxorubicin concentration required to produce an antiproliferative effect was similar for both sensitive and resistant cell lines, suggesting that drug transport is a major barrier in determining drug efficacy in resistant cells. In addition to the biophysical characteristics of resistant cell membrane lipids, lipid-doxorubicin interactions appear to decrease intracellular drug transport via diffusion as the drug is trapped in the lipid bilayer. The rigid nature of resistant cell membranes also seems to influence endosomal functions that inhibit drug uptake when a liposomal formulation of doxorubicin is used. In conclusion, biophysical properties of resistant cell membrane lipids significantly influence drug transport, and hence drug efficacy. A better understanding of the mechanisms of cancer drug resistance is vital to developing more effective therapeutic interventions. In this regard, biophysical interaction studies with cell membrane lipids might be helpful to improve drug transport and efficacy through drug discovery and/or drug delivery approaches by overcoming the lipid barrier in resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjeevi Peetla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
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9
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Shu Y, Liu H. Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance by cholesterol derived from low density lipoprotein in a vinblastine-resistant human lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 85:638-46. [PMID: 17901905 DOI: 10.1139/o07-065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is believed to be one of the most common causes of multidrug resistance (MDR) in chemotherapy. Studies have shown that the biosynthesis of cholesterol and cholesterol esters interfere with the function of P-gp. Since low density lipoprotein (LDL) carries a large amount of cholesterol, we investigated the effect of cholesterol derived from LDL on a line of human lymphoblastic leukemia MDR cells, CEM/VLB. Our results demonstrated that, in addition to increased cytotoxicity, the uptake of vinblastine in CEM/VLB cells increased, and LDL subsequently increased the intracellular vinblastine concentrations retained by CEM/VLB cells. The cholesterol levels in the membrane of the MDR cells were restored, while LDL significantly decreased the P-gp-associated ATPase activity. Current studies have shown that LDL leads to the resensitization of CEM/VLB cells to cytotoxic agents, likely through the restoration of cholesterol and reduction of P-gp-associated ATPase in the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shu
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, [corrected] Canada
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10
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Meyer dos Santos S, Meyer Dos Santos S, Weber CC, Franke C, Müller WE, Eckert GP. Cholesterol: Coupling between membrane microenvironment and ABC transporter activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 354:216-21. [PMID: 17223079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/23/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipid composition of biological membranes is closely related to the function of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter P-Glycoprotein (Pgp). Herein, we studied how membrane physico-chemical properties affect Pgp-activity. We effectively modulated the cellular cholesterol content using methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD) and MbetaCD-cholesterol-inclusion complex. Pgp was not liberated from the plasma membrane during cholesterol modulation and functional inhibition of Pgp was related to varying cholesterol levels in the plasma membrane. Our data indicate that membrane fluidity does not solely account for cholesterol dependent modifications of Pgp-activity. Therefore, we isolated lipid rafts and examined distinct membrane microdomains. Both depletion and cholesterol enrichment induces a disassembly of lipid rafts. In cholesterol-depleted cell membranes a shift in the Pgp localisation to detergent soluble fractions was observed. Enrichment of membrane cholesterol changed lipid raft distribution but not the localisation of Pgp. From our data we conclude that Pgp-transport capacity depends on accurate lipid raft properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Meyer dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, ZAFES, Biocenter Niederursel, N260, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, University of Frankfurt, Germany
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11
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Gayet L, Dayan G, Barakat S, Labialle S, Michaud M, Cogne S, Mazane A, Coleman AW, Rigal D, Baggetto LG. Control of P-Glycoprotein Activity by Membrane Cholesterol Amounts and Their Relation to Multidrug Resistance in Human CEM Leukemia Cells†. Biochemistry 2005; 44:4499-509. [PMID: 15766280 DOI: 10.1021/bi048669w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is the most well-known ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter involved in unidirectional substrate translocation across the membrane lipid bilayer, thereby causing the typical multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype expressed in many cancers. We observed that in human CEM acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells expressing various degrees of chemoresistance and where P-gp was the sole MDR-related ABC transporter detected, the amount of esterified cholesterol increased linearly with the level of resistance to vinblastine while the amounts of total and free cholesterol increased in a nonlinear way. Membrane cholesterol controlled the ATPase activity of P-gp in a linear manner, whereas the P-gp-induced daunomycin efflux decreased nonlinearly with the depletion of membrane cholesterol. All these elements suggest that cholesterol controls both the ATPase and the drug efflux activities of P-gp. In addition, in CEM cell lines that expressed increasing levels of elevated chemoresistance, the amount of P-gp increases to a plateau value of 40% of the total membrane proteins and remained unvaried while the amount of membrane cholesterol increased with the elevation of the MDR level, strongly suggesting that cholesterol may be directly involved in the typical MDR phenotype. Finally, we showed that the decreased daunomycin efflux by P-gp due to the partial depletion of membrane cholesterol was responsible for the efficient chemosensitization of resistant CEM cells, which could be totally reversed after cholesterol repletion.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/chemistry
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/physiology
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biological Transport/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cholesterol/chemistry
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Cholesterol/physiology
- Daunorubicin/metabolism
- Daunorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Humans
- Membrane Lipids/chemistry
- Membrane Lipids/metabolism
- Membrane Lipids/physiology
- Membrane Microdomains/chemistry
- Membrane Microdomains/enzymology
- Membrane Microdomains/metabolism
- Models, Chemical
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/enzymology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Proteolipids/chemistry
- Proteolipids/metabolism
- Vinblastine/metabolism
- Vinblastine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Landry Gayet
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines (IBCP UMR5086 CNRS UCBL), 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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12
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Troost J, Lindenmaier H, Haefeli WE, Weiss J. Modulation of cellular cholesterol alters P-glycoprotein activity in multidrug-resistant cells. Mol Pharmacol 2004; 66:1332-9. [PMID: 15308763 DOI: 10.1124/mol.104.002329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The drug transporter P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) plays an important role in drug distribution and elimination, and when overexpressed it may confer multidrug resistance (MDR). P-glycoprotein is localized in the plasma membrane, especially within rafts and caveolae, characterized as detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs). This study investigated the effect of cholesterol depletion and repletion as well as saturation on subcellular localization and function of P-glycoprotein to determine the effect of DRM localization on P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux. In L-MDR1 overexpressing human P-glycoprotein, cholesterol depletion removed P-glycoprotein from the raft membranes into non-DRM fractions, whereas repletion fully reconstituted raft localization. P-glycoprotein function was assessed by realtime monitoring with confocal laser scanning microscopy using BODIPY-verapamil as substrate. Cholesterol depletion reduced P-glycoprotein function in L-MDR1 cells resulting in intracellular substrate accumulation (159% +/- 43, p < 0.001; control = 100%). Cholesterol repletion reduced intracellular substrate fluorescence (120% +/- 36, p < 0.001) and restored the transporter activity. Addition of surplus cholesterol (saturation) even enhanced drug efflux in L-MDR1 cells, leading to reduced intracellular accumulation of BODIPY-verapamil (69% +/- 10, p < 0.001). Transport of BODIPY-verapamil in cells not expressing human P-glycoprotein (LLC-PK1) was not susceptible to cholesterol alterations. These results demonstrate that cholesterol alterations influence P-glycoprotein localization and function, which might contribute to the large interindividual variability of P-glycoprotein activity known from in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Troost
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Castaing M, Loiseau A, Djoudi L. Effects of cholesterol on dye leakage induced by multidrug-resistance modulators from anionic liposomes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2003; 18:81-8. [PMID: 12554076 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(02)00243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistance (MDR) in cancer cells is often associated with marked changes in the membrane cholesterol levels. To assess the cholesterol-dependence of MDR modulator efficiency in terms of the drug-membrane interactions, the ability of 5 MDR-modulators to induce the leakage of Sulphan blue through anionic liposomes was quantified at various mole fractions x(chol) of cholesterol (0-0.42). Depending on the electric charge of the drug, cholesterol modified to a large extent either the permeation dose inducing 50% dye leakage (PD(50)) or the co-operativity (h) of the permeation process. The PD(50) of Triton X-100 (non-ionic) and that of diltiazem and verapamil (mono-basic amines) varied only slightly (0.3 mM) with the cholesterol level, whereas the co-operativity increased by 1.9-2.7. On the reverse, the PD(50) of a thioacridine derivative and mepacrine (di-basic amines) increased by 4.8-7.5 mM in the cholesterol range investigated, whereas the co-operativity (h) increased slightly (0.2-0.7). In the permeation process, the rate-limiting character of the electric charge (z) of the drug is likely to be strengthened by high cholesterol levels. The results provide evidence that in resistant tumours exhibiting high cholesterol levels, the MDR might be reversed by favourable drug-membrane interactions if the modulators are designed in the form of highly lipophilic mono-basic drugs that counteract the effects of cholesterol on the membrane dipolar potential and membrane fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Castaing
- GERCTOP-UMR6009, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
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Tatidis L, Masquelier M, Vitols S. Elevated uptake of low density lipoprotein by drug resistant human leukemic cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol 2002; 63:2169-80. [PMID: 12110376 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(02)01018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of a 170kD membrane glycoprotein, P-glycoprotein (Pgp), which acts as an energy dependent efflux pump for cytotoxic drugs is believed to be one of the factors that is responsible for clinical drug resistance. Recent studies suggest that Pgp is also responsible for the intracellular transport of cholesterol from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum. Leukemic cells from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia have an elevated uptake of low density lipoprotein (LDL) when compared with white blood cells from healthy individuals. Since elevated LDL receptor expression and multidrug resistance are both common events in leukemic cells, we investigated LDL receptor expression in sensitive and drug resistant human leukemic cell lines. We found a 2- to 10-fold higher uptake of LDL in five out of five drug resistant K562 cell lines. All three drug resistant HL60 cell lines studied also had higher uptake than the parental cells. The LDL receptor expression in vincristine resistant Pgp positive K562 cells was less sensitive to downregulation by sterols than in parental cells. There was no selective effect of the Pgp inhibitor PSC-833 or other Pgp modulators on LDL receptor activity in Pgp positive cells. Since also resistant Pgp, multidrug resistance protein 1, and breast cancer resistance protein negative cells exhibited an elevated LDL receptor activity, we conclude that overexpression of these proteins is not the mechanism behind the elevated LDL uptake in the drug resistant leukemic cell lines. The findings are of interest for the concept of using lipoproteins as carriers of cytotoxic drugs in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukas Tatidis
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute & Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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15
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Wang E, Casciano CN, Clement RP, Johnson WW. Cholesterol interaction with the daunorubicin binding site of P-glycoprotein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 276:909-16. [PMID: 11027568 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The inherent complexities of cholesterol disposition and metabolism preclude a single transmembrane active transport avenue for this steroid-precursor, cell-membrane constituent. Yet the ABC (ATP binding cassette) transporters are inextricably linked to elements of cholesterol disposition. Recent observations have suggested that, under certain settings, the ABC transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) performs a direct role in cholesterol disposition. The gene product of MDR1 (multidrug resistance transporter), P-glycoprotein also confers protection against xenobiotics. Using a whole cell assay in which the retention of a marker substrate is evaluated and quantified, we studied the ability of cholesterol to inhibit directly the function of this transporter. In a NIH-G185 cell line presenting an overexpressed amount of the human transporter P-gp, cholesterol caused dramatic inhibition of daunorubicin transport with an IC(50) of about 8 microM yet had no effect on the parent cell line nor rhodamine 123 transport. Additionally, using the ATP-hydrolysis assay, we showed that cholesterol increases P-gp-mediated ATP hydrolysis by approximately 1.6-fold with a K(s) of 5 microM. Suggesting that cholesterol directly interacts with the substrate binding site of P-gp, these results are consistent with cholesterol being transported by MDR1 P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Lafayette, New Jersey, 07848, USA
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16
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Ros F, García R, Gallego P, Sánchez-Caballero A, Rivera-Fillat MP, Grau-Oliete MR. Synthesis of a series of 3-cyanopropionamides and 4-imino-gamma-butyrolactams and evaluation of their function as modulators of multidrug resistance. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2000; 333:329-36. [PMID: 11092135 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4184(200010)333:10<329::aid-ardp329>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the 3-cyanopropionamides 3a and 3b, of the 2,2-dimethyl-3-cyanopropionamides 4a-4c and of the 4-imino-gamma-butyrolactams 5a and 5b (cyclic functional isomers of 3-cyanopropionamides) is described. The amides 3a and 3b were obtained by aminolysis of the corresponding acid chlorides, which are accessible via hydrolysis of the ethyl esters to the acids. This methodology was not used for the synthesis of the amides 4a-4c owing to steric hindrance to hydrolysis in the corresponding ethyl esters. These nonreactive esters, accessible by alkylation of 1-cyano carbanions with ethyl bromodimethylacetate, could be directly converted into the amides 4a-4c by aminolysis with the lithium amide of 3,4-dimethoxy-N-methylphenethylamine. Instead of open-chain amides, the lactams 5a and 5b are obtained when the lithium amide of 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine (i.e., of a primary rather than secondary amine) is used for the aminolysis. The synthesized compounds were tested for their ability to decrease the resistance to vincristine in a multidrug-resistant subline of murine leukemic lymphoblasts that are 300-fold resistant to the antiproliferative drug. The amides 4a and 4c, and lactam 5a, all of which have a highly branched carbon backbone, were active. Lactam 5a reduced the vincristine resistance by 90% at a 2-microM concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ros
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Lavie Y, Liscovitch M. Changes in lipid and protein constituents of rafts and caveolae in multidrug resistant cancer cells and their functional consequences. Glycoconj J 2000; 17:253-9. [PMID: 11201798 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026553626537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The carcinogenic process involves a complex series of genetic and biochemical changes that enables transformed cells to proliferate, migrate to secondary sites and, in some cases, acquire mechanisms that make cancer cells resistant to chemotherapy. This phenomenon in its most common form is known as multidrug resistance (MDR). It is usually mediated by overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or other plasma membrane ATPases that export cytotoxic drugs used in chemotherapy, thereby reducing their efficacy. However, additional adaptive changes are likely to be required in order to confer a full MDR phenotype. Recent studies have shown that acquisition of MDR is accompanied by upregulation of lipids and proteins that constitute lipid rafts and caveolar membranes, notably glucosylceramide and caveolin. These changes may be related to the fact that in MDR cells a significant fraction of cellular P-gp is associated with caveolin-rich membrane domains, they may be involved in drug transport and they could have an impact on drug-induced apoptosis and on the phenotypic transformation of MDR cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lavie
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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18
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Ferté J. Analysis of the tangled relationships between P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance and the lipid phase of the cell membrane. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:277-94. [PMID: 10632698 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (Pgp), the so-called multidrug transporter, is a plasma membrane glycoprotein often involved in the resistance of cancer cells towards multiple anticancer agents in the multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype. It has long been recognized that the lipid phase of the plasma membrane plays an important role with respect to multidrug resistance and Pgp because: the compounds involved in the MDR phenotype are hydrophobic and diffuse passively through the membrane; Pgp domains involved in drug binding are located within the putative transmembrane segments; Pgp activity is highly sensitive to its lipid environment; and Pgp may be involved in lipid trafficking and metabolism. Unraveling the different roles played by the membrane lipid phase in MDR is relevant, not only to the evaluation of the precise role of Pgp, but also to the understanding of the mechanism of action and function of Pgp. With this aim, I review the data from different fields (cancer research, medicinal chemistry, membrane biophysics, pharmaceutical research) concerning drug-membrane, as well as Pgp-membrane, interactions. It is emphasized that the lipid phase of the membrane cannot be overlooked while investigating the MDR phenotype. Taking into account these aspects should be useful in the search of ways to obviate MDR and could also be relevant to the study of other multidrug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ferté
- Service de Biophysique des Protéines et des Membranes, DSV-DBCM-SBPM, CEA, Centre de Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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Baggetto LG. Biochemical, genetic, and metabolic adaptations of tumor cells that express the typical multidrug-resistance phenotype. Reversion by new therapies. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1997; 29:401-13. [PMID: 9387101 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022459100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Among the genetic and metabolic alterations that cancer cells undergo, several allow their survival under extreme environmental conditions. The resulting aberrant metabolism is compatible with tumor progression at the expenses of high energy needs, especially for maintaining high division rate. When treated with chemotherapeutic drugs many cancer cells take advantage of their ability to develop a resistance phenotype, as part of an adaptative mechanism. Two main actors of this multidrug phenotype (MDR) are represented by the P-glycoprotein and by the more recently discovered multidrug-resistance associated protein (MRP), two membrane proteins of the ABC superfamily of transporters that can extrude chemotherapeutic drugs under an ATP-dependent mechanism. We will briefly review the major metabolic aberrations that several cancers develop, followed by the molecular, genetic, structural, and functional aspects related mainly to P-glycoprotein, with a concern for the regulation of mdr gene expression. We will point out the role that membrane cholesterol may play in the MDR phenotype, relate this phenotype to bioenergetic considerations, and review the ways of modulating it by the use of new therapeutic approaches.
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Ros F, García R, Rivera-Fillat MP, González MA, Grau-Oliete MR. Sensitizing properties of new N-(2-arylalkyl) propionamides in drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant tumor cells. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1995; 328:755-9. [PMID: 8585788 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19953281105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The propionamides 5 and 6 have been synthesized and tested for stimulation of antitumor drug activity. 5 and 6b increase vincristine cytotoxicity in drug-sensitive murine tumor cells; 5 also increases the toxicity in multidrug resistant cells. Dissimilar trends in sensitive and resistant cells have been observed for the stimulating activity of several propionamides of this family and structurally related verapamil with their molar refractivity, suggesting different size requirements for the sensitizers in sensitive and resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ros
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, Madrid, Spain
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