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Oxidation of p-[125I]Iodobenzoic Acid and p-[211At]Astatobenzoic Acid Derivatives and Evaluation In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810655. [PMID: 36142567 PMCID: PMC9506049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpha particle-emitting radionuclide astatine-211 (211At) is of interest for targeted radiotherapy; however, low in vivo stability of many 211At-labeled cancer-targeting molecules has limited its potential. As an alternative labeling method, we evaluated whether a specific type of astatinated aryl compound that has the At atom in a higher oxidation state might be stable to in vivo deastatination. In the research effort, para-iodobenzoic acid methyl ester and dPEG4-amino acid methyl ester derivatives were prepared as HPLC standards. The corresponding para-stannylbenzoic acid derivatives were also prepared and labeled with 125I and 211At. Oxidization of the [125I]iodo- and [211At]astato-benzamidyl-dPEG4-acid methyl ester derivatives provided materials for in vivo evaluation. A biodistribution was conducted in mice with coinjected oxidized 125I- and 211At-labeled compounds. The oxidized radioiodinated derivative was stable to in vivo deiodination, but unfortunately the oxidized [211At]astatinated benzamide derivative was found to be unstable under the conditions of isolation by radio-HPLC (post animal injection). Another biodistribution study in mice evaluated the tissue concentrations of coinjected [211At]NaAtO3 and [125I]NaIO3. Comparison of the tissue concentrations of the isolated material from the oxidized [211At]benzamide derivative with those of [211At]astatate indicated the species obtained after isolation was likely [211At]astatate.
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Recent progress of astatine-211 in endoradiotherapy: Great advances from fundamental properties to targeted radiopharmaceuticals. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ukon N, Zhao S, Washiyama K, Oriuchi N, Tan C, Shimoyama S, Aoki M, Kubo H, Takahashi K, Ito H. Human dosimetry of free 211At and meta-[ 211At]astatobenzylguanidine ( 211At-MABG) estimated using preclinical biodistribution from normal mice. EJNMMI Phys 2020; 7:58. [PMID: 32960387 PMCID: PMC7509022 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-020-00326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 211At is one of the ideal nuclides for targeted radionuclide therapies (TRTs). Meta-[211At]astatobenzylguanidine (211At-MABG) has been proposed for the treatment of pheochromocytoma. To effectively use these radiopharmaceuticals, dosimetry must be performed. It is important to determine the absorbed doses of free 211At and 211At-MABG to determine the organs that may be at risk when using TRTs. The aim of this study was to estimate human dosimetry from preclinical biodistribution of free 211At and 211At-MABG in various organs in normal mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6 N mice were administered 0.13 MBq of free 211At or 0.20 MBq of 211At-MABG by tail-vein injection. The mice were sacrificed at 5 min, and at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h after the injection (n = 5 for each group). The percentage of injected activity per mass in organs and blood (%IA/g) was determined. The human absorbed doses of free 211At and 211At-MABG were calculated using the Organ Level INternal Dose Assessment/EXponential Modeling (OLINDA/EXM) version 2.0 and IDAC-Dose 2.1. RESULTS High uptake of free 211At was observed in the lungs, spleen, salivary glands, stomach, and thyroid. The absorbed doses of free 211At in the thyroid and several tissues were higher than those of 211At-MABG. The absorbed doses of 211At-MABG in the adrenal glands, heart wall, and liver were higher than those of free 211At. CONCLUSIONS The absorbed doses of 211At-MABG in organs expressing the norepinephrine transporter were higher than those of free 211At. In addition, the biodistribution of free 211At was different from that of 211At-MABG. The absorbed dose of free 211At may help predict the organs potentially at risk during TRTs using 211At-MABG due to deastatination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Ukon
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Songji Zhao
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kohshin Washiyama
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Noboru Oriuchi
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Chengbo Tan
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Saki Shimoyama
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Miho Aoki
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kubo
- Preparing Section for School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
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Silindir-Gunay M, Karpuz M, Ozer AY. Targeted Alpha Therapy and Nanocarrier Approach. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:446-458. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mine Silindir-Gunay
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Karpuz
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - A. Yekta Ozer
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Jimenez C, Erwin W, Chasen B. Targeted Radionuclide Therapy for Patients with Metastatic Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: From Low-Specific-Activity to High-Specific-Activity Iodine-131 Metaiodobenzylguanidine. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11071018. [PMID: 31330766 PMCID: PMC6678905 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-specific-activity iodine-131–radiolabeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-131-MIBG) was introduced last century as a potential systemic therapy for patients with malignant pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Collective information derived from mainly retrospective studies has suggested that 30–40% of patients with these tumors benefit from this treatment. A low index of radioactivity, lack of therapeutic standardization, and toxicity associated with intermediate to high activities (absorbed radiation doses) has prevented the implementation of I-131-MIBG’s in clinical practice. High-specific-activity, carrier-free I-131-MIBG has been developed over the past two decades as a novel therapy for patients with metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas that express the norepinephrine transporter. This drug allows for a high level of radioactivity, and as yet is not associated with cardiovascular toxicity. In a pivotal phase two clinical trial, more than 90% of patients achieved partial responses and disease stabilization with the improvement of hypertension. Furthermore, many patients exhibited long-term persistent antineoplastic effects. Currently, the high-specific-activity I-131-MIBG is the only approved therapy in the US for patients with metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. This review will discuss the historical development of high-specific-activity I-131-MIBG, its benefits and adverse events, and future directions for clinical practice applicability and trial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Jimenez
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit 1461, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - William Erwin
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit 1461, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Beth Chasen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Ohshima Y, Sudo H, Watanabe S, Nagatsu K, Tsuji AB, Sakashita T, Ito YM, Yoshinaga K, Higashi T, Ishioka NS. Antitumor effects of radionuclide treatment using α-emitting meta- 211At-astato-benzylguanidine in a PC12 pheochromocytoma model. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 45:999-1010. [PMID: 29350258 PMCID: PMC5915519 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-017-3919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Therapeutic options for patients with malignant pheochromocytoma are currently limited, and therefore new treatment approaches are being sought. Targeted radionuclide therapy provides tumor-specific systemic treatments. The β-emitting radiopharmaceutical meta-131I-iodo-benzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) provides limited survival benefits and has adverse effects. A new generation of radionuclides for therapy using α-particles including meta-211At-astato-benzylguanidine (211At-MABG) are expected to have strong therapeutic effects with minimal side effects. However, this possibility has not been evaluated in an animal model of pheochromocytoma. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of the α-emitter 211At-MABG in a pheochromocytoma model. METHODS We evaluated tumor volume-reducing effects of 211At-MABG using rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12 tumor-bearing mice. PC12 tumor-bearing mice received intravenous injections of 211At-MABG (0.28, 0.56, 1.11, 1.85, 3.70 and 5.55 MBq; five mice per group). Tumor volumes were evaluated for 8 weeks after 211At-MABG administration. The control group of ten mice received phosphate-buffered saline. RESULTS The 211At-MABG-treated mice showed significantly lower relative tumor growth during the first 38 days than the control mice. The relative tumor volumes on day 21 were 509.2% ± 169.1% in the control mice and 9.6% ± 5.5% in the mice receiving 0.56 MBq (p < 0.01). In addition, the mice treated with 0.28, 0.56 and 1.11 MBq of 211At-MABG showed only a temporary weight reduction, with recovery in weight by day 10. CONCLUSION 211At-MABG exhibited a strong tumor volume-reducing effect in a mouse model of pheochromocytoma without weight reduction. Therefore, 211At-MABG might be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of malignant pheochromocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ohshima
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanukimachi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Hitomi Sudo
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeki Watanabe
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanukimachi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nagatsu
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi B Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sakashita
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanukimachi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Yoichi M Ito
- Department of Biostatistics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Yoshinaga
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Noriko S Ishioka
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanukimachi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
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Pandit-Taskar N, Modak S. Norepinephrine Transporter as a Target for Imaging and Therapy. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:39S-53S. [PMID: 28864611 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.186833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The norepinephrine transporter (NET) is essential for norepinephrine uptake at the synaptic terminals and adrenal chromaffin cells. In neuroendocrine tumors, NET can be targeted for imaging as well as therapy. One of the most widely used theranostic agents targeting NET is metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), a guanethidine analog of norepinephrine. 123I/131I-MIBG theranostics have been applied in the clinical evaluation and management of neuroendocrine tumors, especially in neuroblastoma, paraganglioma, and pheochromocytoma. 123I-MIBG imaging is a mainstay in the evaluation of neuroblastoma, and 131I-MIBG has been used for the treatment of relapsed high-risk neuroblastoma for several years, however, the outcome remains suboptimal. 131I-MIBG has essentially been only palliative in paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma patients. Various techniques of improving therapeutic outcomes, such as dosimetric estimations, high-dose therapies, multiple fractionated administration and combination therapy with radiation sensitizers, chemotherapy, and other radionuclide therapies, are being evaluated. PET tracers targeting NET appear promising and may be more convenient options for the imaging and assessment after treatment. Here, we present an overview of NET as a target for theranostics; review its current role in some neuroendocrine tumors, such as neuroblastoma, paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma, and carcinoids; and discuss approaches to improving targeting and theranostic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shakeel Modak
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Hampel T, Bruns M, Bayer M, Handgretinger R, Bruchelt G, Brückner R. Synthesis and biological effects of new hybrid compounds composed of benzylguanidines and the alkylating group of busulfan on neuroblastoma cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2728-33. [PMID: 24814532 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
(131)Iodine-labelled (meta-iodobenzyl)guanidine ([(131)I]-mIBG) and busulfan [butane-1,4-diylbis(methanesulfonate)] are well-established pharmaceuticals in neuroblastoma therapy. We report the design, synthesis, and testing of hybrid molecules-mBBG and pBBG-which combine key structural features of (meta-iodobenzyl)guanidine and busulfan: they contain a benzylguanidine moiety for accumulating in neuroblastoma cells via the noradrenaline transporter and, in the meta- or para-position, respectively, one of the two identical alkylating motives of busulfan for killing cells. Uptake and toxicity of hybrids mBBG and pBBG in human neuroblastoma cells compared favorably to their ancestors [(131)I]-mIBG and busulfan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hampel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marietta Bruns
- Children's University Hospital, Hoppe-Seyler-Str.1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Bayer
- Children's University Hospital, Hoppe-Seyler-Str.1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Gernot Bruchelt
- Children's University Hospital, Hoppe-Seyler-Str.1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Brückner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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Mairs RJ, Boyd M. Preclinical assessment of strategies for enhancement of metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy of neuroendocrine tumors. Semin Nucl Med 2012; 41:334-44. [PMID: 21803183 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
By virtue of its high affinity for the norepinephrine transporter (NET), [(131)I]metaiodobenzylguanidine ([(131)I]MIBG) has been used for the therapy of tumors of neuroectodermal origin for more than 25 years. Although not yet universally adopted, [(131)I]MIBG targeted radiotherapy remains a highly promising means of management of neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, and carcinoids. Appreciation of the mode of conveyance of [(131)I]MIBG into malignant cells and of factors that influence the activity of the uptake mechanism has indicated a variety of means of increasing the effectiveness of this type of treatment. Studies in model systems revealed that radiolabeling of MIBG to high specific activity reduced the amount of cold competitor, thereby increasing tumor dose and minimizing pressor effects. Increased radiotoxicity to targeted tumors might also be achieved by the use of the α-particle emitter [(211)At]astatine rather than (131)I as radiolabel. Recently it has been demonstrated that potent cytotoxic bystander effects were induced by [(131)I]MIBG, [(123)I]MIBG, and [(211)At]meta-astatobenzylguanidine. Discovery of the structure of bystander factors could increase the therapeutic ratio achievable by MIBG targeted radiotherapy. [(131)I]MIBG combined with topotecan produced supra-additive cytotoxicity in vitro and tumor growth delay in vivo. The enhanced antitumor effect was consistent with a failure to repair DNA damage. Initial findings suggest that further enhancement of efficacy might be achieved by triple combination therapy with drugs that disrupt alternative tumor-specific pathways and synergize not only with [(131)I]MIBG abut also with topotecan. With these ploys, it is expected that advances will be made toward the optimization of [(131)I]MIBG therapy of neuroectodermal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob J Mairs
- Radiation Oncology, Division of Cancer Science and Molecular Pathology, University of Glasgow, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Laboratories, Glasgow, Scotland.
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Yang Y, Lin R, Liu N, Liao J, Wei M, Jin J. Astatine-211 labeling of protein using TCP as a bi-functional linker: synthesis and preliminary evaluation in vivo and in vitro. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Montaldo PG, Pagnan G, Raffaghello L, Pastorino F, Allen TM, Kirchmeier M, Ponzoni M. Anti Gd2-Immunoliposome-Mediated Targeting of [125I] Metaiodobenzylguanidine to Neuroblastoma and Melanoma Cells in Vitro. J Liposome Res 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/08982109909018657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
For the treatment of minimum residual diseases such micrometastases and residual tumor margins that remain after debulking of the primary tumor, targeted radiotherapy using radiopharmaceuticals tagged with alpha-particle-emitting radionuclides is very attractive. In addition to the their short range in tissue, which helps minimize harmful effects on adjacent normal tissues, alpha-particles, being high LET radiation, have several radiobiological advantages. The heavy halogen, astatine-211 is one of the prominent alpha-particle-emitting radionuclides in practice. Being a halogen, it can often be incorporated into biomolecules of interest by adapting radioiodination chemistry. A wide spectrum of compounds from the simple [(211)At]astatide ion to small organic molecules, peptides, and large proteins labeled with (211)At have been investigated with at least two reaching the stage of clinical evaluation. The chemistry, cytotoxic advantages, biodistribution studies, and microdosimetry/pharmacokinetic modeling of some of these agents will be reviewed. In addition, potential problems such as the harmful effect of radiolysis on the synthesis, lack of sufficient in vivo stability of astatinated compounds, and possible adverse effects when they are systemically administered will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Vaidyanathan
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael R. Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Optimizing MIBG therapy of neuroendocrine tumors: preclinical evidence of dose maximization and synergy. Nucl Med Biol 2008; 35 Suppl 1:S9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2008.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Vaidyanathan G, Affleck DJ, Alston KL, Zhao XG, Hens M, Hunter DH, Babich J, Zalutsky MR. A kit method for the high level synthesis of [211At]MABG. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:3430-6. [PMID: 17387017 PMCID: PMC1885228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
meta-[(211)At]Astatobenzylguanidine ([(211)At]MABG), an analogue of meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) labeled with the alpha-emitter (211)At, targets the norepinephrine transporter. Because MABG has been shown to have excellent characteristics in preclinical studies, it has been considered to be a promising targeted radiotherapeutic for the treatment of tumors such as micrometastatic neuroblastoma that overexpress the norepinephrine transporter. To facilitate clinical evaluation of this agent, a convenient method for the high level synthesis of [(211)At]MABG that is adaptable for kit formulation has been developed. A tin precursor anchored to a solid-support was treated with a methanolic solution of (211)At in the presence of a mixture of H(2)O(2)/HOAc as the oxidant; [(211)At]MABG was isolated by simple solid-phase extraction. By using C-18 solid-phase extraction, the radiochemical yield from 25 batches was 63+/-13%; however, loss of radioactivity during evaporation of the methanolic solution was a problem. This difficulty was avoided by use of a cation exchange resin cartridge for isolation of [(211)At]MABG, which resulted in radiochemical yields of 63+/-9% in a shorter duration of synthesis. The radiochemical purity was more than 90% and no chemical impurity has been detected. The final doses were sterile and apyrogenic. These results demonstrate that [(211)At]MABG can be prepared via a kit method at radioactivity levels anticipated for initiation of clinical studies.
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Liu N, Yang Y, Zan L, Liao J, Jin J. Astatine-211 labeling of insulin: Synthesis and preliminary evaluation in vivo and in vitro. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-006-6781-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Carlin S, Mairs RJ, Welsh P, Zalutsky MR. Sodium-iodide symporter (NIS)-mediated accumulation of [(211)At]astatide in NIS-transfected human cancer cells. Nucl Med Biol 2002; 29:729-39. [PMID: 12381453 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(02)00332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The cellular expression of the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) has been shown to confer iodide-concentrating capacity in non-thyroid cell types. We examined the role of NIS in the uptake of the alpha-particle emitting radiohalide [(211)At]astatide in the UVW human glioma cell line transfected to express NIS. [(211)At]Astatide uptake is shown to be NIS-dependent, with characteristics similar to [(131)I]iodide uptake. These studies suggest [(211)At]astatide as a possible alternative radionuclide to [(131)I]iodide for NIS-based endoradiotherapy, and provide a model for the study of [(211)At]astatide behavior at a cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Carlin
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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Boyd M, Mairs RJ, Cunningham SH, Mairs SC, McCluskey A, Livingstone A, Stevenson K, Brown MM, Wilson L, Carlin S, Wheldon TE. A gene therapy/targeted radiotherapy strategy for radiation cell kill by. J Gene Med 2001; 3:165-72. [PMID: 11318115 DOI: 10.1002/1521-2254(2000)9999:9999<::aid-jgm158>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although [131I]meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is currently one of the best agents available for targeted radiotherapy, its use is confined to a few neural crest derived tumours which accumulate the radiopharmaceutical via the noradrenaline transporter (NAT). To determine whether this drug could be used for the treatment of non-NAT expressing tumours following genetic manipulation, we previously showed that plasmid mediated transfection of NAT into a non-NAT expressing glioblastoma cell line, UVW, endowed the host cells with the capacity to actively accumulate [131I]MIBG. We now present data defining the conditions required for complete sterilisation of NAT transfected cells cultured as multicellular spheroids and treated with [131I]MIBG. METHODS NAT transfected UVW cells, grown as monolayers and spheroids, were treated with various doses of [131I]MIBG and assessed for cell kill by clonogenic survival and measurement of spheroid volume over time (growth delay). Spheroids were left intact for different time periods to assess the effect of radiation crossfire on cell death. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Total clonogen sterilisation was observed when the cells were grown as three-dimensional spheroids and treated with 7 MBq/ml [131I]MIBG. The added benefit of radiation crossfire was demonstrated by the improvement in cell kill achieved by prolongation of the maintenance of [131I]MIBG treated spheroids in their three-dimensional form, before disaggregation and clonogenic assay. When left intact for 48 h after treatment, spheroid cure was achieved by exposure to 6 MBq/ml [131I]MIBG. These results demonstrate that the efficiency of cell kill by [131I]MIBG targeted therapy is strongly dependent on beta-particle crossfire irradiation. This gene therapy/targeted radiotherapy strategy has potential for [131I]MIBG mediated cell kill in tumours other than those derived from the neural crest.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Glasgow University, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Volkert
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211 and Departments of Radiology and Internal Medicine and Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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19
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Vaidyanathan G, Zhao XG, Larsen RH, Zalutsky MR. 3-[211At]astato-4-fluorobenzylguanidine: a potential therapeutic agent with prolonged retention by neuroblastoma cells. Br J Cancer 1997; 76:226-33. [PMID: 9231923 PMCID: PMC2223928 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1997.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An analogue of meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) in which an aromatic hydrogen was replaced with fluorine has been found to possess many properties similar to those of the parent compound. Moreover, 4-fluoro-3-iodobenzylguanidine (FIBG) was retained in vitro by human neuroblastoma cells to a much greater extent than MIBG itself. Since alpha-emitters such as 211At could be valuable for the treatment of micrometastatic disease, an FIBG analogue in which the iodine atom is replaced by 211At would be of interest. In this study, we have evaluated the in vitro and in vivo properties of 3-[211At]astato-4-fluorobenzylguanidine ([211At]AFBG). The specific binding of [211At]AFBG to SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells remained fairly constant over 2- to 3-log activity range and was similar to that of [131I]MIBG. The uptake of [211At]AFBG by this cell line was reduced by desipramine, ouabain, 4 degrees C incubation, noradrenaline, unlabelled MIBG and FIBG, suggesting that its uptake is specifically mediated through an active uptake-1 mechanism. Over the 16 h period studied, the amount of [211At]AFBG retained was similar to that of [131I]FIBG, whereas the per cent of retained meta-[211At]astatobenzylguanidine ([211At]MABG) was considerably less than that of [131I]FIBG (53% vs 75%; P < 0.05). The IC50 values for the inhibition of uptake of [131I]MIBG, [211At]MABG, [125I]FIBG and [211At]AFBG by unlabelled MIBG were 209, 300, 407 and 661 nM respectively, suggesting that the affinities of these tracers for the noradrenaline transporter in SK-N-SH cells increase in that order. Compared with [211At]MABG, higher uptake of [211At]AFBG was seen in vivo in normal mouse target tissues such as heart and, to a certain extent, in adrenals. That the uptake of [211At]AFBG in these tissues was related to the uptake-1 mechanism was demonstrated by its reduction when mice were pretreated with desipramine. However, the stability of [211At]AFBG towards in vivo dehalogenation was less than that of [211At]MABG, as evidenced by the higher uptake of 211At in thyroid, spleen, lungs and stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vaidyanathan
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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20
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Li N, Struttman M, Higginbotham C, Grall AJ, Skerlj JF, Vollano JF, Bridger SA, Ochrymowycz LA, Ketring AR, Abrams MJ, Volkert WA. Biodistribution of model 105Rh-labeled tetradentate thiamacrocycles in rats. Nucl Med Biol 1997; 24:85-92. [PMID: 9080479 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(96)00177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
105Rh(III)Cl2 complexes with a limited series of [14]ane- and [16]ane- thia macrocycles were prepared and their biodistributions in Sprague-Dawley rats studied. These studies demonstrate that modifications in the structure and composition of the 105Rh-thia macrocycle complexes produce significant differences in their uptake and retention in both the liver and kidneys. The results indicate that the cis-Rh(III)Cl2-[14]ane thiamacrocycles exhibit less kidney retention than the corresponding trans-Rh(III)Cl2-[16]ane thiamacrocycles. In addition, the presence of a side chain containing a carboxylate group will produce decreased retention of activity in the kidneys. HPLC analysis of urine from these animals indicates no observable in vivo metabolism or dissociation of these chelates in the blood stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Li
- Department of Radiology and Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA
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21
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Cornelissen J, Tytgat GA, van den Brug M, van Kuilenburg AB, Voûte PA, van Gennip AH. Menadione inhibits MIBG uptake in two neuroendocrine cell lines. J Neurooncol 1997; 31:147-51. [PMID: 9049842 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005718421774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we report on our studies of the effect of menadione on the uptake of MIBG in the neuroendocrine cell lines PC12 and SK-N-SH. Menadione inhibits the uptake of MIBG in both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of MIBG uptake is most pronounced in the PC12 cell line. Comparison of the inhibitory action of menadione on the uptake and retention of MIBG with that of imipramine and reserpine suggests that menadione inhibits uptake 1 mediated uptake as well as granular storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cornelissen
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Radionuclides such as 211At and 212Bi which decay by the emission of alpha-particles are attractive for certain applications of targeted radiotherapy. The tissue penetration of 212Bi and 211At alpha-particles is equivalent to only a few cell diameters, offering the possibility of combining cell-specific targeting with radiation of similar range. Unlike the beta-particles emitted by radionuclides such as 131I and 90Y, alpha-particles are radiation of high linear energy transfer and thus greater biological effectiveness. Several approaches have been explored for targeted radiotherapy with 212Bi- and 211At-labelled substances including colloids, monoclonal antibodies, metabolic precursors, receptor-avid ligands and other lower molecular weight molecules. An additional agent which exemplifies the promise of alpha-emitting radiopharmaceuticals is meta-[211At]astatobenzylguanidine. The toxicity of this compound under single-cell conditions, determined both by [3H]thymidine incorporation and by limiting dilution clonogenic assays, for human neuroblastoma cells is of the order of 1000 times higher than that of meta-[131I] iodobenzylguanidine. For meta-[211At] astatobenzylguanidine, the Do value was equivalent to only 6-7 211At atoms bound per cell. These results suggest that meta-[211At] astatobenzylguanidine might be valuable for the targeted radiotherapy of micrometastatic neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vaidyanathan
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Vaidyanathan G, Friedman HS, Keir ST, Zalutsky MR. Evaluation of meta-[211At]astatobenzylguanidine in an athymic mouse human neuroblastoma xenograft model. Nucl Med Biol 1996; 23:851-6. [PMID: 8940730 DOI: 10.1016/0969-8051(96)00115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A paired-label biodistribution was performed in athymic mice bearing SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma xenografts to compare the tissue uptake of meta-[211At]astatobenzylguanidine ([211At]MABG) and [131I]MIBG. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) uptake of [211At]MABG was seen in tumor (3.8 +/- 0.8% ID/g vs. 3.1 +/- 0.7% ID/g at 8 h) compared to [131I]MIBG. Desipramine reduced tumor uptake of [211At] MABG by 43%, suggesting that its accumulation was related to the specific uptake-1 mechanism. Higher uptake of [211At]MABG was also seen in normal tissue targets such as heart (6.0 +/- 0.9% ID/g vs. 4.5 +/- 0.8% ID/g at 8 h; p < 0.05). Pretreatment of mice with unlabeled MIBG increased tumor uptake of [211At]MABG by 1.5-fold while reducing uptake in heart and several other normal tissues. The vesicular uptake inhibitor tetrabenazine reduced heart uptake by 30% without reducing the tumor uptake. These results suggest such strategies might be useful for improving [211At]MABG tumor-to-normal tissue ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vaidyanathan
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Vaidyanathan G, Friedman HS, Keir ST, Zalutsky MR. Localisation of [131I]MIBG in nude mice bearing SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma xenografts: effect of specific activity. Br J Cancer 1996; 73:1171-7. [PMID: 8630274 PMCID: PMC2074506 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1996.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The biodistribution of no-carrier-added (n.c.a.) meta-[131I]iodobenzylguanidine ([131I]MIBG) and that prepared by the standard isotopic exchange method were compared in athymic mice bearing SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma xenografts. No advantage in tumour uptake was observed for the n.c.a. preparation. BALB/c nu/nu mice exhibited lower uptake in highly innervated normal tissues (heart and adrenals) than normal BALB/c mice. In another experiment, the distribution of n.c.a. [131I]MIBG in the absence or presence (3-9 micrograms) of MIBG carrier was determined. At both 4 h and 24 h, the heart uptake was reduced by a factor of 1.5 even at a dose of 3 micrograms MIBG. Tumour uptake was not significantly altered by various amounts of unlabelled MIBG at either time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vaidyanathan
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Strickland DK, Vaidyanathan G, Friedman HS, Zalutsky MR. Meta-[131I]iodobenzylguanidine uptake and meta-[211At]astatobenzylguanidine treatment in human medulloblastoma cell lines. J Neurooncol 1995; 25:9-17. [PMID: 8523094 DOI: 10.1007/bf01054718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Uptake of radioiodinated meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) has been demonstrated in the neural crest tumors, including neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, and carcinoid tumors, and is presently in use diagnostically and therapeutically in these settings. Cells comprising medulloblastoma, the most common central nervous system malignancy in childhood, may be derived from a common germinal neuroepithelial cell as neural crest tissue, and as a result, also may have the capacity for accumulating MIBG. To investigate this hypothesis, we measured the in vitro binding of [131I]MIBG to 9 medulloblastoma-derived cell lines and the SK-N-SH neuroblastoma line known to accumulate MIBG. Seven of the medulloblastoma lines exhibited MIBG binding. The cell line with the greatest uptake, D384 Med, bound 11.2 +/- 0.9% of added [131I]MIBG activity compared with 47.1 +/- 2.3% for the SK-N-SH cell line. When 2 of the cell lines, D384 Med and D458 Med, were treated with the alpha-particle emitting analogue meta-[211At]astatobenzylguanidine ([211At]MABG), as much as a 3-log cell kill was observed in limiting dilution clonogenic assays. Exposure to considerably higher activity levels of [211At]astatide was required to achieve a similar degree of cell kill, suggesting that this cytotoxicity was not related to nonspecific effects of alpha-particle irradiation. We conclude that the uptake capacity of medulloblastoma cell lines for [131I]MIBG uptake in vitro, while lower than that seen in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells, is sufficient to permit [211At]MABG to be used with significant therapeutic effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Strickland
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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