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Blazek K, Furestad E, Ryan D, Damian D, Fernandez-Penas P, Tong S. The impact of skin cancer prevention efforts in New South Wales, Australia: Generational trends in melanoma incidence and mortality. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 81:102263. [PMID: 36174452 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Australia, skin cancer awareness campaigns have focused on raising the awareness and consequences of skin cancer and highlighting the importance of utilising sun protection. METHODS Trends in melanoma incidence and mortality have been explored elsewhere in Australia and this study sought to examine the trends in NSW. Anonymised incidence and mortality data for in situ and invasive melanoma from 1988 to 2014 were obtained from the NSW Cancer Registry. Trends of melanoma incidence and mortality were analysed using segmented regression to allow for changes over time. Birth cohort patterns were assessed using age-period-cohort models. RESULTS Over the period, incidence of in situ melanoma increased in all age groups although the rates were lowest in those under 40 years of age. Incidence of invasive melanoma was either stable or decreased in people under 60, while it increased in those aged 60 and above, particularly in men. Age-period-cohort analysis revealed decreasing age-specific incidence of invasive melanoma under 40 years of age. Melanoma mortality over the period was stable or decreased in all groups except in men aged 60 or over. Overall, mortality rates generally declined or remained stable particularly in recent years. CONCLUSION It is encouraging that rates of invasive melanoma are declining in the younger age cohorts - which could be attributed to both primary prevention efforts with individuals protecting their skin as well as early detection through self assessment and clinician performed skin checks. In addition, whilst it is important to monitor the increasing rates of in situ melanoma, the increase is likely due to early detection and treatment of melanoma that could have progressed to invasive melanoma and therefore detection whilst still in situ is an improved outcome. Overall, the results demonstrate the need to continue to improve the understanding of and compliance with primary skin cancer prevention measures in order to reduce population UVR exposure and overall melanoma incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Blazek
- Cancer Institute NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; NSW Biostatistics Training Program, NSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - David Ryan
- Melanoma Institute of Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Diona Damian
- Melanoma Institute of Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Pablo Fernandez-Penas
- Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Aitken JF, Youlden DR, Baade PD, Soyer HP, Green AC, Smithers BM. In response to: Immigration is the most likely reason for the generational change in melanoma incidence in Queensland, Australia. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:722-723. [PMID: 29490433 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F Aitken
- Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Danny R Youlden
- Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter D Baade
- Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, QLD, Australia
| | - H Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adèle C Green
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,CRUK Manchester Institute and Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Australian Skin and Skin Cancer Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - B Mark Smithers
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland Melanoma Project, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Discipline of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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