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Rebelos E, Tentolouris N, Jude E. The Role of Vitamin D in Health and Disease: A Narrative Review on the Mechanisms Linking Vitamin D with Disease and the Effects of Supplementation. Drugs 2023; 83:665-685. [PMID: 37148471 PMCID: PMC10163584 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency (VDD) is a very prevalent condition in the general population. Vitamin D is necessary for optimal bone mineralization, but apart from the bone effects, preclinical and observational studies have suggested that vitamin D may have pleiotropic actions, whereas VDD has been linked to several diseases and higher all-cause mortality. Thus, supplementing vitamin D has been considered a safe and inexpensive approach to generate better health outcomes-and especially so in frail populations. Whereas it is generally accepted that prescribing of vitamin D in VDD subjects has demonstrable health benefits, most randomized clinical trials, although with design constraints, assessing the effects of vitamin D supplementation on a variety of diseases have failed to demonstrate any positive effects of vitamin D supplementation. In this narrative review, we first describe mechanisms through which vitamin D may exert an important role in the pathophysiology of the discussed disorder, and then provide studies that have addressed the impact of VDD and of vitamin D supplementation on each disorder, focusing especially on randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses. Despite there already being vast literature on the pleiotropic actions of vitamin D, future research approaches that consider and circumvent the inherent difficulties in studying the effects of vitamin D supplementation on health outcomes are needed to assess the potential beneficial effects of vitamin D. The evaluation of the whole vitamin D endocrine system, rather than only of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels before and after treatment, use of adequate and physiologic vitamin D dosing, grouping based on the achieved vitamin D levels rather than the amount of vitamin D supplementation subjects may receive, and sufficiently long follow-up are some of the aspects that need to be carefully considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Rebelos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Edward Jude
- Department of Medicine, Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton-under-Lyne , England.
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
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Stinson J, McCall C, Dobbs RW, Mistry N, Rosenberg A, Nettey OS, Sharma P, Dixon M, Sweis J, Macias V, Sharifi R, Kittles RA, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Murphy AB. Vitamin D and genetic ancestry are associated with apoptosis rates in benign and malignant prostatic epithelium. Prostate 2023; 83:352-363. [PMID: 36479698 PMCID: PMC9870946 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D metabolites may be protective against prostate cancer (PCa). We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to evaluate associations between in vivo vitamin D status, genetic ancestry, and degree of apoptosis using prostatic epithelial terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Benign and tumor epithelial punch biopsies of participants with clinically localized PCa underwent indirect TUNEL staining. Serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D were assessed immediately before radical prostatectomy; levels of prostatic 25(OH)D were obtained from the specimen once the prostate was extracted. Ancestry informative markers were used to estimate the percentage of genetic West African, Native American, and European ancestry. RESULTS One hundred twenty-one newly diagnosed men, age 40-79, were enrolled between 2013 and 2018. Serum 25(OH)D correlated positively with both tumor (ρ = 0.17, p = 0.03), and benign (ρ = 0.16, p = 0.04) prostatic epithelial TUNEL staining. Similarly, prostatic 25(OH)D correlated positively with both tumor (ρ = 0.31, p < 0.001) and benign (ρ = 0.20, p = 0.03) epithelial TUNEL staining. Only Native American ancestry was positively correlated with tumor (ρ = 0.22, p = 0.05) and benign (ρ = 0.27, p = 0.02) TUNEL staining. In multivariate regression models, increasing quartiles of prostatic 25(OH)D (β = 0.25, p = 0.04) and Native American ancestry (β = 0.327, p = 0.004) were independently associated with tumor TUNEL staining. CONCLUSIONS Physiologic serum and prostatic 25(OH)D levels and Native American ancestry are positively associated with the degree of apoptosis in tumor and benign prostatic epithelium in clinically localized PCa. Vitamin D may have secondary chemoprevention benefits in preventing PCa progression in localized disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Stinson
- Division of Urology, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago IL
| | - Cordero McCall
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Ryan W. Dobbs
- Division of Urology, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago IL
| | - Neil Mistry
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Adrian Rosenberg
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Oluwarotimi S. Nettey
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Michael Dixon
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Jamila Sweis
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Virgilia Macias
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | | | - Rick A. Kittles
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte CA
| | - Andre Kajdacsy-Balla
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Adam B. Murphy
- Division of Urology, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago IL
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
- Section of Urology, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago IL
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Li H, Gu J, Tian Y, Li S, Zhang H, Dai Z, Wang Z, Zhang N, Peng R. A prognostic signature consisting of metabolism-related genes and SLC17A4 serves as a potential biomarker of immunotherapeutic prediction in prostate cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:982628. [PMID: 36325340 PMCID: PMC9620963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa), a prevalent malignant cancer in males worldwide, screening for patients might benefit more from immuno-/chemo-therapy remained inadequate and challenging due to the heterogeneity of PCa patients. Thus, the study aimed to explore the metabolic (Meta) characteristics and develop a metabolism-based signature to predict the prognosis and immuno-/chemo-therapy response for PCa patients. Methods Differentially expressed genes were screened among 2577 metabolism-associated genes. Univariate Cox analysis and random forest algorithms was used for features screening. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to construct a prognostic Meta-model based on all combinations of metabolism-related features. Then the correlation between MetaScore and tumor was deeply explored from prognostic, genomic variant, functional and immunological perspectives, and chemo-/immuno-therapy response. Multiple algorithms were applied to estimate the immunotherapeutic responses of two MeteScore groups. Further in vitro functional experiments were performed using PCa cells to validate the association between the expression of hub gene SLC17A4 which is one of the model component genes and tumor progression. GDSC database was employed to determine the sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs. Results Two metabolism-related clusters presented different features in overall survival (OS). A metabolic model was developed weighted by the estimated regression coefficients in the multivariate Cox regression analysis (0.5154*GAS2 + 0.395*SLC17A4 - 0.1211*NTM + 0.2939*GC). This Meta-scoring system highlights the relationship between the metabolic profiles and genomic alterations, gene pathways, functional annotation, and tumor microenvironment including stromal, immune cells, and immune checkpoint in PCa. Low MetaScore is correlated with increased mutation burden and microsatellite instability, indicating a superior response to immunotherapy. Several medications that might improve patients` prognosis in the MetaScore group were identified. Additionally, our cellular experiments suggested knock-down of SLC17A4 contributes to inhibiting invasion, colony formation, and proliferation in PCa cells in vitro. Conclusions Our study supports the metabolism-based four-gene signature as a novel and robust model for predicting prognosis, and chemo-/immuno-therapy response in PCa patients. The potential mechanisms for metabolism-associated genes in PCa oncogenesis and progression were further determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- The Animal Laboratory Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Geriatric Urology, Xiangya International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yuqiu Tian
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Shuyu Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziyu Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- One‑Third Lab, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Longjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Renjun Peng, ; Nan Zhang,
| | - Renjun Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Renjun Peng, ; Nan Zhang,
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Total, bioavailable and free 25-hydroxyvitamin D are associated with the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:983-993. [PMID: 35411490 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01579-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the prognostic value of total, bioavailable and free 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] as well as vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS We prospectively collected and analyzed data for 395 patients diagnosed with NSCLC between January 2016 and December 2018 in two university-affiliated hospitals. Total and free 25(OH)D and VDBP were measured directly, and bioavailable 25(OH)D was calculated using a validated formula. Their prognostic values were evaluated by Cox proportional hazards model, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS Patients with NSCLC had significantly lower levels of total, bioavailable, and free 25(OH)D and higher VDBP levels in comparison to healthy controls (all p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, higher levels of total, bioavailable, and free 25(OH)D were independently associated better overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). For OS, the adjusted HRs were 0.58 (95% CI, 0.40-0.87; p for trend = 0.008), 0.45 (95% CI, 0.30-0.67; p for trend < 0.001) and 0.49 (95% CI, 0.33-0.73; p for trend < 0.001) for the highest versus the lowest tertile of total, bioavailable and free 25(OH)D, respectively. The corresponding adjusted HRs for PFS were 0.61 (95% CI, 0.43-0.86; p for trend = 0.006), 0.56 (95% CI, 0.40-0.80; p for trend = 0.001) and 0.60 (95% CI, 0.42-0.85; p for trend = 0.004), respectively. However, VDBP was not associated with either OS or PFS. CONCLUSION The current study suggested that total, bioavailable and free 25(OH)D may be reliable prognosis indicators in NSCLC patients, though the optimal 25(OH)D form for NSCLC prognosis remains to be assessed in future studies.
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Nowroozi MR, Ghaedi E, Behnamfar A, Amini E, Momeni SA, Mahmoudi M, Rezaei N, Bokaie S, Sharifi L. The role of nutritional interventions in prostate cancer: A review. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 26:29. [PMID: 34345240 PMCID: PMC8305755 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_975_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence rate in conjunction with the long latency period made prostate cancer (PCa) an attractive and reasonable candidate for preventive measures. So far, several dietary and nutritional interventions have been implemented and studied with the aim of preventing the development or delaying the progression of PCa. Calorie restriction accompanied by weight loss has been shown to be associated with decreased likelihood of aggressive PCa. Supplements have played a major role in nutritional interventions. While genistein and lycopene seemed promising as preventive agents, minerals such as zinc and selenium were shown to be devoid of protective effects. The role of vitamins has been widely studied, with special emphasis on vitamins with antioxidant properties. Data related to Vitamin A and Vitamin C were rather controversial and positive effects were of insignificant magnitude. Vitamin E was associated with a decreased risk of PCa in high-risk groups like smokers. However, when it comes to Vitamin D, the serum levels might affect the risk of PCa. While deficiency of this vitamin was associated with increased risk, high serum levels imposed the risk of aggressive disease. Despite the seemingly promising effects of dietary measures on PCa, no firm recommendation could be made due to the limitations of the studies and evidence. However, the majority of these advices could be followed by the patients with the intent of living a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Behnamfar
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Amini
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Momeni
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center For Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Bokaie
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Sharifi
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Prediction of Protein-ATP Binding Residues Based on Ensemble of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks and LightGBM Algorithm. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020939. [PMID: 33477866 PMCID: PMC7832895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurately identifying protein-ATP binding residues is important for protein function annotation and drug design. Previous studies have used classic machine-learning algorithms like support vector machine (SVM) and random forest to predict protein-ATP binding residues; however, as new machine-learning techniques are being developed, the prediction performance could be further improved. In this paper, an ensemble predictor that combines deep convolutional neural network and LightGBM with ensemble learning algorithm is proposed. Three subclassifiers have been developed, including a multi-incepResNet-based predictor, a multi-Xception-based predictor, and a LightGBM predictor. The final prediction result is the combination of outputs from three subclassifiers with optimized weight distribution. We examined the performance of our proposed predictor using two datasets: a classic ATP-binding benchmark dataset and a newly proposed ATP-binding dataset. Our predictor achieved area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.925 and 0.902 and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) values of 0.639 and 0.642, respectively, which are both better than other state-of-art prediction methods.
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Hu MJ, Niu QS, Wu HB, Lu XL, Wang L, Tong XR, Huang F. Association of thyroid cancer risk with plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D binding protein: a case-control study in China. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:799-808. [PMID: 31863361 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association of thyroid cancer (TC) with 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and vitamin D binding protein (DBP) and examine whether there was an interaction between 25(OH)D and DBP in relation to TC risk. METHODS A matched case-control study based on multiple hospitals included 506 pairs of cases with newly diagnosed TC and controls. All subjects were divided into the quartiles according to the distribution of 25(OH)D and DBP in controls. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of TC with 25(OH)D and DBP were estimated by conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Comparing the highest to lowest quartiles, a decreased TC risk was respectively associated with plasma 25(OH)D (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.40-1.00, P-trend = 0.046) and DBP (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.32-0.77, P-trend = 0.001). However, the association between DBP and TC might be modified by 25(OH)D (P-interaction = 0.014) and physical activity (P-interaction = 0.017). Compared to participants with 25(OH)D and DBP concentrations respectively below medians, those with both concentrations above medians had a lower risk of TC (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.39-0.82). In stratified analysis based on clinical characteristics of tumor, significantly negative association between 25(OH)D, and DBP and TC were observed among the cases with early stage of tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that 25(OH)D and DBP had protective effects against TC. But the negative association between TC and DBP might be modified by 25(OH)D and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-J Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Q-S Niu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - H-B Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - X-L Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - X-R Tong
- Second Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Central Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Manson JE, Bassuk SS, Buring JE. Principal results of the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) and updated meta-analyses of relevant vitamin D trials. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 198:105522. [PMID: 31733345 PMCID: PMC7089819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Whether supplemental vitamin D reduces risk of cancer or cardiovascular disease (CVD) is relatively unexplored in randomized trial settings. The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) was a nationwide, randomized, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial trial of daily vitamin D3 (2000 IU) and marine omega-3 fatty acids (1 g) in the primary prevention of cancer and CVD among 25,871 U.S. men aged ≥50 and women aged ≥55, including 5106 African Americans. Median treatment duration was 5.3 years. Vitamin D did not significantly reduce the primary endpoint of total invasive cancer incidence (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.96 [95% confidence interval 0.88-1.06]) but showed a promising signal for reduction in total cancer mortality (HR = 0.83 [0.67-1.02]), especially in analyses that accounted for latency by excluding the first year (HR = 0.79 [0.63-0.99]) or first 2 years (HR = 0.75 [0.59-0.96]) of follow-up. Vitamin D did not significantly reduce the co-primary endpoint of major CVD events (HR = 0.97 [0.85-1.12]), other cardiovascular endpoints, or all-cause mortality (HR = 0.99 [0.87-1.12]). Updated meta-analyses that include VITAL and other recent vitamin D trials indicate a significant reduction in cancer mortality but not in cancer incidence or CVD endpoints. Additional research is needed to determine which individuals may be most likely to derive a net benefit from vitamin D supplementation. (VITAL clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01169259).
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Shari S Bassuk
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Julie E Buring
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Urashima M, Okuyama M, Akutsu T, Ohdaira H, Kaji M, Suzuki Y. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Survival of Digestive Tract Cancer Patients with Low Bioavailable 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels: A Post Hoc Analysis of the AMATERASU Randomized Clinical Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020347. [PMID: 32033150 PMCID: PMC7072519 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has been shown to suppress the growth of cancer cells. Cancer cells are believed to take up bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) (i.e., not bound to vitamin-D-binding protein (DBP)) more efficiently than DBP-bound 25(OH)D. Our aim was to use this bioavailable 25(OH)D, rather than total 25(OH)D, as a biomarker of vitamin D deficiency to investigate whether vitamin D supplementation improves the relapse-free survival (RFS) of patients with digestive tract cancer from the esophagus to the rectum by conducting a post hoc analysis of the AMATERASU trial (UMIN000001977). The bioavailable 25(OH)D levels were calculated via an equation using data of serum total 25(OH)D, albumin, and DBP levels, and DBP genotypes (rs7041 and rs4588). We estimated bioavailable 25(OH) levels in 355 patients. In a subgroup of patients with low bioavailable 25(OH)D levels (<median) (n = 177), 5 year RFS was 77% in the vitamin D group vs. 58% in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.95; p = 0.03), whereas no significant difference was seen in a subgroup of patients with high bioavailable 25(OH)D levels (p for interaction = 0.046). We hypothesize that vitamin D supplementation may be effective in improving RFS among digestive tract cancer patients with low bioavailable 25(OH)D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Urashima
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (M.O.); (T.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3433-1111 (ext. 2405); Fax: +81-5400-1250
| | - Mai Okuyama
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (M.O.); (T.A.)
| | - Taisuke Akutsu
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (M.O.); (T.A.)
| | - Hironori Ohdaira
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan; (H.O.); (M.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Mutsumi Kaji
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan; (H.O.); (M.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan; (H.O.); (M.K.); (Y.S.)
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Manson JE, Bassuk SS, Cook NR, Lee IM, Mora S, Albert CM, Buring JE. Vitamin D, Marine n-3 Fatty Acids, and Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Current Evidence. Circ Res 2020; 126:112-128. [PMID: 31895658 PMCID: PMC7001886 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.314541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Whether marine omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) or vitamin D supplementation can prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) in general populations at usual risk for this outcome is unknown. A major goal of VITAL (Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial) was to fill this knowledge gap. In this article, we review the results of VITAL, discuss relevant mechanistic studies regarding n-3 FAs, vitamin D, and vascular disease, and summarize recent meta-analyses of the randomized trial evidence on these agents. VITAL was a nationwide, randomized, placebo-controlled, 2×2 factorial trial of marine n-3 FAs (1 g/d) and vitamin D3 (2000 IU/d) in the primary prevention of CVD and cancer among 25 871 US men aged ≥50 and women aged ≥55 years, including 5106 blacks. Median treatment duration was 5.3 years. Supplemental n-3 FAs did not significantly reduce the primary cardiovascular end point of major CVD events (composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and CVD mortality; hazard ratio [HR], 0.92 [95% CI, 0.80-1.06]) but were associated with significant reductions in total myocardial infarction (HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.59-0.90]), percutaneous coronary intervention (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.63-0.95]), and fatal myocardial infarction (HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.26-0.97]) but not stroke or other cardiovascular end points. For major CVD events, a treatment benefit was seen in those with dietary fish intake below the cohort median of 1.5 servings/wk (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.67-0.98]) but not in those above (P interaction=0.045). For myocardial infarction, the greatest risk reductions were in blacks (HR, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.11-0.47]; P interaction by race, 0.001). Vitamin D supplementation did not reduce major CVD events (HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.85-1.12]) or other cardiovascular end points. Updated meta-analyses that include VITAL and other recent trials document coronary risk reduction from supplemental marine n-3 FAs but no clear CVD risk reduction from supplemental vitamin D. Additional research is needed to determine which individuals may be most likely to derive net benefit from supplementation. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01169259.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnn E Manson
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.E.M., S.S.B., N.R.C., I.-M.L., S.M., C.M.A., J.E.B.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., J.E.B.)
| | - Shari S Bassuk
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.E.M., S.S.B., N.R.C., I.-M.L., S.M., C.M.A., J.E.B.)
| | - Nancy R Cook
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.E.M., S.S.B., N.R.C., I.-M.L., S.M., C.M.A., J.E.B.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., J.E.B.)
| | - I-Min Lee
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.E.M., S.S.B., N.R.C., I.-M.L., S.M., C.M.A., J.E.B.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., J.E.B.)
| | - Samia Mora
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.E.M., S.S.B., N.R.C., I.-M.L., S.M., C.M.A., J.E.B.)
| | - Christine M Albert
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.E.M., S.S.B., N.R.C., I.-M.L., S.M., C.M.A., J.E.B.)
- the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (C.M.A.)
| | - Julie E Buring
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.E.M., S.S.B., N.R.C., I.-M.L., S.M., C.M.A., J.E.B.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.E.M., N.R.C., I.-M.L., J.E.B.)
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Daremipouran MR, Beyene D, Apprey V, Naab TJ, Kassim OO, Copeland RL, Kanaan YM. The Association of a Novel Identified VDR SNP With Prostate Cancer in African American Men. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2019; 16:245-255. [PMID: 31243105 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is present in numerous cellular pathways and it has been suggested that VDR genetic variants influence individual susceptibility to prostate cancer. Also, analyses of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VDR revealed ethnicity-associated polymorphisms. The aim of this study was to identify VDR SNPs in African American men with and without prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The entire VDR gene was screened for germline mutations in a case-control study by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography and DNA sequencing. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association of SNPs, age, family history, and Gleason score with prostate cancer risk. RESULTS Six SNPs in the non-coding regions, and one SNP in the coding region, were detected. SNP 1 (c.278-69G>A) and SNP 4 (c.907+75C>T) have not been previously reported. SNP 4 had a significant protective effect (β=-0.6, p<0.05); whereas, SNP 7 (rs7975232) showed an increase association with prostate cancer risk and high Gleason score (β=0.32, p<0.05). SNP 4, SNP 7 and age were better predictors of prostate cancer risk than family history with a high degree of sensitivity (74.7%) and specificity (92.4%). CONCLUSION SNP 4 and SNP 7 could be promising markers for prediction of reduced or increased prostate cancer risk, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Desta Beyene
- Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Victor Apprey
- Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Tammey J Naab
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Olakunle O Kassim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Robert L Copeland
- Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Yasmine M Kanaan
- Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A. .,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A
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