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Sun S, Chen X, Ding N, Zhang M, Li X, Chen L, Sun K, Liu Y. Gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated neuro-immune interactions in glioblastoma: Implications for prognosis and immunotherapy response. Life Sci 2024; 357:123067. [PMID: 39322177 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the glioblastoma (GBM) tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and its impact on prognosis and response to immunotherapy. MAIN METHODS This study employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to delineate the TIME of GBM, utilized non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) for GABA-associated cell clustering, and performed pseudotime analysis for cellular trajectories. Additionally, we integrated immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis to explore the regulatory mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment. KEY FINDINGS The study identified distinct GABA-associated immune cell subtypes, particularly macrophages and T-cells, with unique gene expression and developmental trajectories. The development of the GABA-associated scoring model (GABAAS), introduced novel prognostic indicators, enhancing our ability to predict patient outcomes. This study also suggests that GABA-related genes, including NDRG2 and TIMP1, play a crucial role in immune modulation, with potential implications for immunotherapy responsiveness. SIGNIFICANCE The findings underscore the potential of targeting GABA-related genes (NDRG2 and TIMP1) and M2 macrophage to reshape the glioblastoma immune landscape, offering a new frontier in personalized neuro-immunotherapy. This approach holds promise to counter individual tumor immunosuppressive mechanisms, enhancing patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyue Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Xinyuan Chen
- 4+4 Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoru Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China; College of Medical Information and Artificial Intelligence & Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Yingchao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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Cho U, Cha HJ, Kim HJ, Min SK, Kim HK, Jung HR, Park G, Kim JE. FLI-1 is expressed in a wide variety of hematolymphoid neoplasms: a special concern in the differential diagnosis. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:18. [PMID: 38280044 PMCID: PMC10821826 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Friend Leukemia Virus Integration 1 (FLI-1) is a member of E26 transformation-specific family of transcription factors that participates in hematopoietic and vascular endothelial cell development. Immunohistochemical detection of FLI-1 has been widely used to diagnose vascular tumors or, more evidently, Ewing's sarcoma. However, the expression pattern of FLI-1 in hematolymphoid neoplasms remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the expression of FLI-1 in these tumors, focusing on high-grade lesions, which presents a diagnostic challenge by mimicking Ewing's sarcoma. We evaluated the expression FLI-1 in various types of lymphoid and plasmacytic tumors, including 27 plasmablastic lymphomas, 229 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, 22 precursor T- or B-lymphoblastic lymphomas, 24 angioimmunoblastic-type nodal T-follicular helper cell lymphomas, 52 peripheral T-cell lymphomas, NOS, 18 Burkitt lymphomas, 18 non-gastric lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, 38 chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphomas, 15 mantle cell lymphomas, 23 gastric MALT lymphomas, 50 plasma cell myelomas, and 38 follicular lymphomas. We calculated the H-scores of FLI-1 immunostaining, ranging from 0 to 200, and used the scores to analyze the clinicopathological significance of FLI-1 statistically. FLI-1 was expressed to varying degrees in all types of hematological tumors. FLI-1 expression was detected in 84.1% of patients (466/554). FLI-1 was highly expressed in precursor T- or B-lymphoblastic lymphomas. Follicular lymphomas exhibited low FLI-1 expression. In plasmablastic lymphoma, 85.2% of the patients were focally positive for FLI-1. FLI-1 expression did not correlate with clinicopathological variables, such as demographic data or disease stage, in patients with plasmablastic lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. However, FLI-1 overexpression was associated with poorer overall survival in patients with plasmablastic lymphoma. This study demonstrates that FLI-1 is expressed in various hematolymphoid neoplasms. FLI-1 expression can lead to diagnostic confusion, especially in small blue round cell tumors, such as lymphoblastic lymphoma, plasmablastic lymphoma, and plasma cell myeloma, when distinguishing tumors positive for CD99 and CD56 without CD3, CD20, or CD45. Our findings also suggested the possibility of FLI-1 as a potential prognostic biomarker for plasmablastic lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uiju Cho
- Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Cha
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kee Min
- Department of Pathology, Chung-ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ra Jung
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongsin Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpodaero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, 20 Boramae-Ro 5-Gil, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea.
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Sim N, Li Y. NF-κB/p52 augments ETS1 binding genome-wide to promote glioma progression. Commun Biol 2023; 6:445. [PMID: 37087499 PMCID: PMC10122670 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are highly invasive and chemoresistant cancers, making them challenging to treat. Chronic inflammation is a key driver of glioma progression as it promotes aberrant activation of inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB signalling, which drives cancer cell invasion and angiogenesis. NF-κB factors typically dimerise with its own family members, but emerging evidence of their promiscuous interactions with other oncogenic factors has been reported to promote transcription of new target genes and function. Here, we show that non-canonical NF-κB activation directly regulates p52 at the ETS1 promoter, activating its expression. This impacts the genomic and transcriptional landscape of ETS1 in a glioma-specific manner. We further show that enhanced non-canonical NF-κB signalling promotes the co-localisation of p52 and ETS1, resulting in transcriptional activation of non-κB and/or non-ETS glioma-promoting genes. We conclude that p52-induced ETS1 overexpression in glioma cells remodels the genome-wide regulatory network of p52 and ETS1 to transcriptionally drive cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Sim
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Yinghui Li
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
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Xu Y, Yu X, Zhang Q, He Y, Guo W. A novel classification of HCC basing on fatty-acid-associated lncRNA. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18863. [PMID: 36344648 PMCID: PMC9640627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression and fatty acid signaling dysfunction both contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence and development. However, the relationship and interaction mechanism between lncRNAs and fatty acid signaling in HCC remain unclear. Data regarding RNA expression and clinical outcomes for patients with HCC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), HCCDB, and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Hallmark pathways were identified using the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) method. ConsensusClusterPlus was used to establish a consistency matrix for classifying samples into three subtypes. A risk signature was established, and predictive values for key lncRNAs related to prognosis were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves. The ESTIMATE algorithm, MCP-Counter, and ssGSEA were used to evaluate the characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment. The CTRP2.0 and PRISM were used to analyze drug sensitivity in HCC subtypes. We discovered seven fatty-acid-associated lncRNAs with predictive prognostic capabilities, including TRAF3IP2-AS1, SNHG10, AL157392.2, LINC02641, AL357079.1, AC046134.2, and A1BG-AS. Three subtypes were obtained, which presented with differences in prognosis, clinical information, mutation features, pathway traits, immune characteristics, and drug sensitivity. The seven key lncRNAs identified in this study might serve as promising biomarkers for predicting prognosis in patients with HCC, and the three HCC subtypes classified according to lncRNA expression profiles could improve HCC classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Xu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 People’s Republic of China ,grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XOpen and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 People’s Republic of China ,grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XOpen and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiyao Zhang
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 People’s Republic of China ,grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XOpen and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuting He
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 People’s Republic of China ,grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XOpen and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 People’s Republic of China ,grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XOpen and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
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Lam L, Tien T, Wildung M, White L, Sellon RK, Fidel JL, Shelden EA. Comparative whole transcriptome analysis of gene expression in three canine soft tissue sarcoma types. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273705. [PMID: 36099287 PMCID: PMC9469979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas are pleiotropic tumors of mesenchymal cell origin. These tumors are rare in humans but common in veterinary practice, where they comprise up to 15% of canine skin and subcutaneous cancers. Because they present similar morphologies, primary sites, and growth characteristics, they are treated similarly, generally by surgical resection followed by radiation therapy. Previous studies have examined a variety of genetic changes as potential drivers of tumorigenesis and progression in soft tissue sarcomas as well as their use as markers for soft tissue sarcoma subtypes. However, few studies employing next generation sequencing approaches have been published. Here, we have examined gene expression patterns in canine soft tissue sarcomas using RNA-seq analysis of samples obtained from archived formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumors. We provide a computational framework for using resulting data to categorize tumors, perform cross species comparisons and identify genetic changes associated with tumorigenesis. Functional overrepresentation analysis of differentially expressed genes further implicate both common and tumor-type specific transcription factors as potential mediators of tumorigenesis and aggression. Implications for tumor-type specific therapies are discussed. Our results illustrate the potential utility of this approach for the discovery of new therapeutic approaches to the management of canine soft tissue sarcomas and support the view that both common and tumor-type specific mechanisms drive the development of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Lam
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Tien Tien
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Mark Wildung
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Laura White
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Rance K. Sellon
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Janean L. Fidel
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Eric A. Shelden
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
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Wang Q, Liu J, Cheang I, Li J, Chen T, Li Y, Yu B. Comprehensive Analysis of the E2F Transcription Factor Family in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:5973-5984. [PMID: 35811776 PMCID: PMC9259060 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s369582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background E2F transcription factors (E2Fs), code a family of pivotal transcription factors, have been identified as key regulators in tumor tumorigenesis. However, the function of E2F family in human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not been fully elucidated. Methods Herein, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal and TIMER were used to analyze differential expression, prognostic value, genetic alteration and immune cell infiltration of E2Fs in LUAD patients. Results The expression levels of E2Fs (E2F1-8) were all significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues compared with normal lung tissues. All eight E2Fs had low rates of gene mutation in LUAD patients from cBioPortal databases. Survival analysis revealed that E2F2 (P=0.038; HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.02–1.81), E2F7 (P<0.001; HR 1.78; 95% CI 1.33–2.39) and E2F8 (P=0.03; HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.02–1.82) were significantly associated with poor prognosis. Multivariate cox regression analysis found that only E2F7 (P<0.001; HR 2.72; 95% CI 1.75–4.25) was an independent prognostic predictor in LUAD after adjusting common clinical parameters. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis also found that E2F7 had high diagnostic value for LUAD (AUC=0.901). Further analysis found that E2F7 was significantly associated with LUAD immune cell infiltration of B cell, T cell, neutrophil, and myeloid dendritic cell. E2F7 also have positive correlations with immune checkpoint genes including SIGLEC15, CD274, HAVCR2, PDCD1LG2, CTLA4, TIGIT, LAG3 and PDCD1 in LUAD. Conclusion Our findings showed various association of E2F7 in LUAD diagnostic and prognostic aspects, which suggested its potential in becoming a novel biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Iokfai Cheang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingzhen Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanxiu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
- Yanxiu Li, Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Bo Yu, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Grishin D, Gusev A. Allelic imbalance of chromatin accessibility in cancer identifies candidate causal risk variants and their mechanisms. Nat Genet 2022; 54:837-849. [PMID: 35697866 PMCID: PMC9886437 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
While many germline cancer risk variants have been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), the mechanisms by which these variants operate remain largely unknown. Here we used 406 cancer ATAC-Seq samples across 23 cancer types to identify 7,262 germline allele-specific accessibility QTLs (as-aQTLs). Cancer as-aQTLs had stronger enrichment for cancer risk heritability (up to 145 fold) than any other functional annotation across seven cancer GWAS. Most cancer as-aQTLs directly altered transcription factor (TF) motifs and exhibited differential TF binding and gene expression in functional screens. To connect as-aQTLs to putative risk mechanisms, we introduced the regulome-wide associations study (RWAS). RWAS identified genetically associated accessible peaks at >70% of known breast and prostate loci and discovered new risk loci in all examined cancer types. Integrating as-aQTL discovery, motif analysis and RWAS identified candidate causal regulatory elements and their probable upstream regulators. Our work establishes cancer as-aQTLs and RWAS analysis as powerful tools to study the genetic architecture of cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Grishin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alexander Gusev
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Interactions of circRNAs with methylation: An important aspect of circRNA biogenesis and function (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:169. [PMID: 35302170 PMCID: PMC8971914 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) molecules are noncoding RNAs with unique circular covalently closed structures that contribute to gene expression regulation, protein translation and act as microRNA sponges. circRNAs also have important roles in human disease, particularly tumorigenesis and antitumor processes. Methylation is an epigenetic modification that regulates the expression and roles of DNA and coding RNA and their interactions, as well as of noncoding RNA molecules. Previous studies have focused on the effects of methylation modification on circRNA expression, transport, stability, translation and degradation of circRNAs, as well as how circRNA methylation occurs and the influence of circRNAs on methylation modification processes. circRNA and methylation can also regulate disease pathogenesis via these interactions. In the present study, we define the relationship between circRNAs and methylation, as well as the functions and mechanisms of their interactions during disease progression.
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Xie B, Tan G, Ren J, Lu W, Pervaz S, Ren X, Otoo AA, Tang J, Li F, Wang Y, Wang M. RB1 Is an Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker for Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:830908. [PMID: 35299734 PMCID: PMC8920998 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.830908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies and a leading cause of death in the world. Thus, this necessitates identification of prognostic biomarkers which will be helpful in its treatment. Methods The gene expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE31245 were selected as the training cohort and validation cohort, respectively. The Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis was used to analyze the difference in overall survival (OS) between high and low RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) expression groups. To confirm whether RB1 was an independent risk factor for OC, we constructed a multivariate Cox regression model. Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment analyses were conducted to identify the functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The associations of RB1 with immune infiltration and immune checkpoints were studied by the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER 2.0) and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). The immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to compare the expression level of RB1 in normal tissues and tumor samples, and to predict the prognosis of OC. Results The KM survival curve of the TCGA indicated that the OS in the high-risk group was lower than that in the low-risk group (HR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.28-2.02, P = 3×10-5), which was validated in GSE31245 (HR = 4.08, 95% CI: 1.21–13.74, P = 0.01) and IHC. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that RB1 was an independent prognostic biomarker (HR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.31-2.10, P = 2.02×10-5). Enrichment analysis suggested that the DEGs were mainly involved in cell cycle, DNA replication, and mitochondrial transition. The infiltration levels of fibroblast, neutrophil, monocyte and macrophage were positively correlated with RB1. Furthermore, RB1 was associated with immune checkpoint molecules (CTLA4, LAG3, and CD274). The IHC staining revealed higher expression of RB1 in tumor tissues as compared to that in normal tissues (P = 0.019). Overexpression of RB1 was associated with poor prognosis of OC (P = 0.01). Conclusion These findings suggest that RB1 was a novel and immune-related prognostic biomarker for OC, which may be a promising target for OC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Xie
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangqing Tan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyi Ren
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiyu Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sadaf Pervaz
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyi Ren
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Antonia Adwoa Otoo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meijiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Barata T, Vieira V, Rodrigues R, Neves RPD, Rocha M. Reconstruction of tissue-specific genome-scale metabolic models for human cancer stem cells. Comput Biol Med 2021; 142:105177. [PMID: 35026576 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) contribute to cancer aggressiveness, metastasis, chemo/radio-therapy resistance, and tumor recurrence. Recent studies emphasized the importance of metabolic reprogramming of CSCs for the maintenance and progression of the cancer phenotype through both the fulfillment of the energetic requirements and the supply of substrates fundamental for fast-cell growth, as well as through metabolite-induced epigenetic regulation. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to develop therapeutic strategies tailored to target the metabolism of CSCs. In this work, we built computational Genome-Scale Metabolic Models (GSMMs) for CSCs of different tissues. Flux simulations were then used to predict metabolic phenotypes, identify potential therapeutic targets, and spot already-known Transcription Factors (TFs), miRNAs and antimetabolites that could be used as part of drug repurposing strategies against cancer. Results were in accordance with experimental evidence, provided insights of new metabolic mechanisms for already known agents, and allowed for the identification of potential new targets and compounds that could be interesting for further in vitro and in vivo validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Barata
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vítor Vieira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho - Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rúben Rodrigues
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho - Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Pires das Neves
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal; IIIUC-Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Rocha
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho - Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; Department of Informatics, University of Minho.
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11
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Miao B, Zhang C, Stroh N, Brenner L, Hufnagel K, Hoheisel JD, Bandapalli OR. Transcription factor TFE3 enhances cell cycle and cancer progression by binding to the hTERT promoter. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:1423-1426. [PMID: 34523267 PMCID: PMC8696226 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beiping Miao
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergBaden‐Württemberg69120Germany
- Medical Faculty HeidelbergHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergBaden‐Württemberg69120Germany
- Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergBaden‐Württemberg69120Germany
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergBaden‐Württemberg69120Germany
- Medical Faculty HeidelbergHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergBaden‐Württemberg69120Germany
| | - Nadine Stroh
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergBaden‐Württemberg69120Germany
| | - Lukas Brenner
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergBaden‐Württemberg69120Germany
| | - Katrin Hufnagel
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergBaden‐Württemberg69120Germany
| | - Jörg D. Hoheisel
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergBaden‐Württemberg69120Germany
| | - Obul Reddy Bandapalli
- Medical Faculty HeidelbergHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergBaden‐Württemberg69120Germany
- Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergBaden‐Württemberg69120Germany
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12
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Wu Y, Kröller L, Miao B, Boekhoff H, Bauer AS, Büchler MW, Hackert T, Giese NA, Taipale J, Hoheisel JD. Promoter Hypermethylation Promotes the Binding of Transcription Factor NFATc1, Triggering Oncogenic Gene Activation in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4569. [PMID: 34572796 PMCID: PMC8471171 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have indicated that some genes involved in carcinogenesis are highly methylated in their promoter regions but nevertheless strongly transcribed. It has been proposed that transcription factors could bind specifically to methylated promoters and trigger transcription. We looked at this rather comprehensively for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and studied some cases in more detail. Some 2% of regulated genes in PDAC exhibited higher transcription coupled to promoter hypermethylation in comparison to healthy tissue. Screening 661 transcription factors, several were found to bind specifically to methylated promoters, in particular molecules of the NFAT family. One of them-NFATc1-was substantially more strongly expressed in PDAC than control tissue and exhibited a strong oncogenic role. Functional studies combined with computational analyses allowed determining affected genes. A prominent one was gene ALDH1A3, which accelerates PDAC metastasis and correlates with a bad prognosis. Further studies confirmed the direct up-regulation of ALDH1A3 transcription by NFATc1 promoter binding in a methylation-dependent process, providing insights into the oncogenic role of transcription activation in PDAC that is promoted by DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenan Wu
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (Y.W.); (L.K.); (B.M.); (H.B.); (A.S.B.)
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lea Kröller
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (Y.W.); (L.K.); (B.M.); (H.B.); (A.S.B.)
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beiping Miao
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (Y.W.); (L.K.); (B.M.); (H.B.); (A.S.B.)
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henning Boekhoff
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (Y.W.); (L.K.); (B.M.); (H.B.); (A.S.B.)
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea S. Bauer
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (Y.W.); (L.K.); (B.M.); (H.B.); (A.S.B.)
| | - Markus W. Büchler
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.W.B.); (T.H.); (N.A.G.)
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.W.B.); (T.H.); (N.A.G.)
| | - Nathalia A. Giese
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.W.B.); (T.H.); (N.A.G.)
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Division of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 65 Solna, Sweden;
| | - Jörg D. Hoheisel
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (Y.W.); (L.K.); (B.M.); (H.B.); (A.S.B.)
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13
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Saba M, Moser A, Rosenberg J, Qiao JH, Chen G. Rare glomus tumor formation following trauma to the first digit. Int J Surg Case Rep 2021; 86:106324. [PMID: 34425425 PMCID: PMC8387767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.106324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glomus tumors are rare and few cases are reported in the literature. They typically occur in females on the digits of the hands. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of a 30 year-old woman who presented with a mass that developed on the distal tip of her right thumb after traumatic injury. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted and mass resection was performed. Histopathology confirmed that the mass was a glomus tumor. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Clinical presentations of glomus tumors are typically non-specific, mainly consisting of a small mass with chronic pain, with a lengthy time to diagnosis and potentially improper management. MRI is the preferred diagnostic step, followed by curative surgical excision and pathological confirmation. CONCLUSION Glomus tumors can cause significant discomfort for patients, and clinicians should be aware of the rare diagnosis when treating painful masses on the extremities, as surgical excision is often curative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saba
- Ross University School of Medicine, 2300 SW 145TH AVE, SUITE 200, Miramar, FL 33027, USA; California Hospital Medical Center, 1401 S GRAND AVE, Los Angeles, CA 90015, USA.
| | - Austin Moser
- Ross University School of Medicine, 2300 SW 145TH AVE, SUITE 200, Miramar, FL 33027, USA; California Hospital Medical Center, 1401 S GRAND AVE, Los Angeles, CA 90015, USA.
| | - Joshua Rosenberg
- Ross University School of Medicine, 2300 SW 145TH AVE, SUITE 200, Miramar, FL 33027, USA; California Hospital Medical Center, 1401 S GRAND AVE, Los Angeles, CA 90015, USA.
| | - Jian-Hua Qiao
- California Hospital Medical Center, 1401 S GRAND AVE, Los Angeles, CA 90015, USA.
| | - Gary Chen
- California Hospital Medical Center, 1401 S GRAND AVE, Los Angeles, CA 90015, USA.
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14
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Liang Z, Xie J, Huang L, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Ma R, Zheng Z, Wang Q, Li X. Comprehensive analysis of the prognostic value of the chemokine-like factor-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family in gastric cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:388-406. [PMID: 34012634 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing (CMTM) family refers to a family of transcriptional repressor genes. CMTMs are closely associated with the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms and development of multiple malignancies, including gastric cancer. However, their specific biological functions and prognostic values in gastric cancer have yet to be elucidated. Methods Tumor sample datasets were retrieved and analyzed using databases including Oncomine, STRING, GEPIA2, cBioportal, and Kaplan-Meier plotter. To investigate the prognostic role of CMTMs in gastric cancer, we applied unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of CMTM gene expression patterns. Results While the mRNA levels of CMTM1/3/6/7/8 were upregulated in gastric cancer, CMTM2/4/5 showed no statistically significant difference at the mRNA level in patients with gastric cancer. Moreover, the mRNA expressions of different CMTMs exhibited strong correlations with various clinical parameters of patients with gastric cancer, including tumor stage, metastatic lymph node status, H. pylori status, and tumor grade. Also, the results suggested that elevated levels of CMTM3/5 mRNA had a significant association (P<0.05) with poor overall survival, progression-free survival, and post-progression survival. Conversely, elevated expression of CMTM2/4/6 mRNA had a significant association with better overall survival, progression-free survival, and post-progression survival. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis successfully identified 2 major clusters of patients as follows: signature #1: CMTM4/6/8 and signature #2: CMTM1/2/3/5/7. Signature #2 was closely correlated with poorer overall survival, which indicated that the expression pattern of the CMTM family could be a novel prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer. Conclusions These results suggest that the expression levels of CMTM genes possibly have prognostic value as a biomarker of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyao Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruanxin Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoling Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinbo Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Li M, Luo F, Tian X, Yin S, Zhou L, Zheng S. Chemokine-Like Factor-Like MARVEL Transmembrane Domain-Containing Family in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Latest Advances. Front Oncol 2020; 10:595973. [PMID: 33282744 PMCID: PMC7691587 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.595973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTMs) is a new gene family, consisting of CKLF and CMTM1 to CMTM8, which plays an important role in hematopoiesis system, autoimmune diseases, male reproduction etc. Abnormal expression of CMTMs is also associated with tumor genesis, development and metastasis. In this review, we briefly describe the characteristics of CMTM family, outline its functions in multiple kinds of carcinomas, and summarize the latest research on their roles in hepatocellular carcinoma which are mainly related to the expression, prognostic effect, potential functions, and mechanism of action. The CMTM family is expected to provide new ideas and targets for HCC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangzhou Luo
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyao Tian
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyong Yin
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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