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Canzian F, Rizzato C, Stein A, Flores-Luna L, Camorlinga-Ponce M, Mendez-Tenorio A, Chen W, Kasamatsu E, Bravo MM, Torres J, Muñoz N, Kato I. Phylogenetic origin of Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity island and risk of stomach cancer and high-grade premalignant gastric lesions. Eur J Cancer Prev 2023; 32:301-304. [PMID: 36719829 PMCID: PMC10073236 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Infection by Helicobacter pylori (Hp) has been causally linked to risk of gastric cancer (GC). The coevolution of Hp and humans shaped the risk of GC as our species left Africa and migrated to the other continents. Latin America (LatAm) is a high GC incidence region where Hp evolved uniquely in the 500 years since European colonization. Differential virulence of the Hp cagA -pathogenicity island (cagPAI) by ancestral origin has been reported. We hypothesized that Hp phylogenetic origin might play a role in determining GC risk in LatAm. We used genotypes of 50 Hp genetic variants mapping to the Hp cagPAI, studied in 1220 subjects from Venezuela, Colombia, Mexico and Paraguay, who were infected with cagA-positive Hp, including 150 GC, 177 high-grade premalignant lesions (HGPMLs) and 893 low-grade premalignant lesions. We estimated the phylogenetic origin of Hp cagPAI in all study subjects by use of the STRUCTURE software and principal component analysis (PCA) and tested whether the estimated African ancestry percentage was associated with the risk of GC or HGPML. African ancestral component estimates by STRUCTURE and PCA were highly correlated. STRUCTURE-based African origin estimate was not significantly associated with the risk of HGPML, but it was inversely associated with GC risk: the OR associated with the continuous values of African component was 0.09 (95% CI, 0.01-0.85; P = 0.035). Similar trends were observed for GC with PCA-based estimates, but the association was not statistically significant. These results suggest that Hp ancestral origin may play a role in gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cosmeri Rizzato
- Department of Translation Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelika Stein
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lourdes Flores-Luna
- Center for Public Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca
| | - Margarita Camorlinga-Ponce
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
| | - Alfonso Mendez-Tenorio
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Bioinformática Genómica, ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Elena Kasamatsu
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, National University of Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Maria Mercedes Bravo
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
| | - Nubia Muñoz
- Cancer Institute of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Wang XY, Wang LL, Xu L, Liang SZ, Yu MC, Zhang QY, Dong QJ. Evaluation of polygenic risk score for risk prediction of gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:276-285. [PMID: 36908320 PMCID: PMC9994049 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i2.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations are associated with individual susceptibility to gastric cancer. Recently, polygenic risk score (PRS) models have been established based on genetic variants to predict the risk of gastric cancer. To assess the accuracy of current PRS models in the risk prediction, a systematic review was conducted. A total of eight eligible studies consisted of 544842 participants were included for evaluation of the performance of PRS models. The overall accuracy was moderate with Area under the curve values ranging from 0.5600 to 0.7823. Incorporation of epidemiological factors or Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) status increased the accuracy for risk prediction, while selection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and number of SNPs appeared to have little impact on the model performance. To further improve the accuracy of PRS models for risk prediction of gastric cancer, we summarized the association between gastric cancer risk and H. pylori genomic variations, cancer associated bacteria members in the gastric microbiome, discussed the potentials for performance improvement of PRS models with these microbial factors. Future studies on comprehensive PRS models established with human SNPs, epidemiological factors and microbial factors are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Wang
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Liang
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meng-Chao Yu
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Eighth Medical Center of the General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Quan-Jiang Dong
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
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New CagL Amino Acid Polymorphism Patterns of Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcer and Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58121738. [PMID: 36556940 PMCID: PMC9782086 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with chronic gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. The H. pylori Type 4 secretion system (T4SS) translocates the CagA protein into host cells and plays an essential role in initiating gastric carcinogenesis. The CagL protein is a component of the T4SS. CagL amino acid polymorphisms are correlated with clinical outcomes. We aimed to study the association between CagL amino acid polymorphisms and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD). Materials and Methods: A total of 99 patients (PUD, 46; NUD, 53) were enrolled and screened for H. pylori by qPCR from antrum biopsy samples. The amino acid polymorphisms of CagL were analyzed using DNA sequencing, followed by the MAFFT sequence alignment program to match the amino acid sequences. Results: Antrum biopsy samples from 70 out of 99 (70.7%) patients were found to be H. pylori DNA-positive. A positive band for cagL was detected in 42 out of 70 samples (PUD, 23; NUD, 19), and following this, these 42 samples were sequenced. In total, 27 different polymorphisms were determined. We determined three CagL amino acid polymorphism combinations, which were determined to be associated with PUD and NUD. Pattern 1 (K35/N122/V134/T175/R194/E210) was only detected in PUD patient samples and was related to a 1.35-fold risk (p = 0.02). Patterns 2 (V41/I134) and 3 (V41/K122/A171/I174) were found only in NUD patient samples and were linked to a 1.26-fold increased risk (p = 0.03). Conclusions: We observed three new patterns associated with PUD and NUD. Pattern 1 is related to PUD, and the other two patterns (Patterns 2 and 3) are related to NUD. The patterns that we identified include the remote polymorphisms of the CagL protein, which is a new approach. These patterns may help to understand the course of H. pylori infection.
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Giaccherini M, Rizzato C, Gentiluomo M, Lupetti A, Flores-Luna L, Vivas J, Bravo MM, Kasamatsu E, Muñoz N, Canzian F, Kato I, Campa D. TAS2R38 polymorphisms, Helicobacter pylori infection and susceptibility to gastric cancer and premalignant gastric lesions. Eur J Cancer Prev 2022; 31:401-407. [PMID: 34653070 PMCID: PMC8995393 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is worldwide the fourth more common cancer type by incidence, and the third by mortality. We analyzed three missense variants of TAS2R38 gene: rs713598 (A49P), rs1726866 (V262A), and rs10246939 (I296V). These variants and their combination in haplotypes (proline, alanine and valine/tasters or alanine, valine and isoleucine/nontasters) and diplotypes are responsible for individual differences in bitter perception. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms and the related phenotypes are known to be associated with susceptibility to Gram-negative bacterial infections, such as Helicobacter pylori , and with risk of various cancer types. An association between intermediate tasters (as defined by TAS2R38 diplotypes) and increased risk of gastric cancer was reported in a Korean population. METHODS We analyzed 2616 individuals of Latin American origin, representing the whole spectrum of lesions from gastritis to gastric cancer. RESULTS Comparing cancer cases vs. noncancers we observed a decrease in risk associated with heterozygous carriers of rs10246939 ( P = 0.006) and rs1726866 ( P = 0.003) when compared with homozygotes of the more common allele. Also, the analysis of diplotypes/phenotypes reflected the same association, with super-tasters showing a borderline increased risk of developing gastric cancer compared to medium-tasters [odds ratio (OR) = 1.63; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-2.56; P = 0.033]. Also, nontasters showed an increased risk when compared to medium-tasters although not reaching statistical significance (OR = 1.58; 95% CI, 0.80-2.87; P = 0.203). We also tested the interactions between the TAS2R38 genotypes and H. pylori cagA status in a subset of samples and found no interaction. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results suggest only a modest contribution of TAS2R38 gene genetic variability in gastric cancer etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Giaccherini
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cosmeri Rizzato
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Lupetti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lourdes Flores-Luna
- Center for Public Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jorge Vivas
- Cancer Control Center of the Tachira State, San Cristobal, Venezuela
| | - Maria Mercedes Bravo
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Elena Kasamatsu
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, National University of Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Nubia Muñoz
- Cancer Institute of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Biomarker Characterization and Prediction of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance from Helicobacter pylori Next Generation Sequencing Data. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050691. [PMID: 35625618 PMCID: PMC9138241 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori colonizes c.a. 50% of human stomachs worldwide and is the major risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. Its high genetic variability makes it difficult to identify biomarkers of early stages of infection that can reliably predict its outcome. Moreover, the increasing antibiotic resistance found in H. pylori defies therapy, constituting a major human health problem. Here, we review H. pylori virulence factors and genes involved in antibiotic resistance, as well as the technologies currently used for their detection. Furthermore, we show that next generation sequencing may lead to faster characterization of virulence factors and prediction of the antibiotic resistance profile, thus contributing to personalized treatment and management of H. pylori-associated infections. With this new approach, more and permanent data will be generated at a lower cost, opening the future to new applications for H. pylori biomarker identification and antibiotic resistance prediction.
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Brasil-Costa I, Souza CDO, Monteiro LCR, Santos MES, Oliveira EHCD, Burbano RMR. H. pylori Infection and Virulence Factors cagA and vacA (s and m Regions) in Gastric Adenocarcinoma from Pará State, Brazil. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040414. [PMID: 35456089 PMCID: PMC9028951 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
H. pylori shows a great variability in genes associated with virulence, which may influence properties related to gastric adenocarcinoma initiation and progression. Among them, cagA and vacA show a strong positive association with the disease. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was carried out with 281 samples of gastric adenocarcinoma, collected at a cancer reference center in the Brazilian Amazon. Detection of H. pylori was proceeded by PCR of the ureA and 16S genes. Positive samples were subjected to the cagA detection and vacA typing. The bacteria were observed in 32.03% of the samples. Positivity for H. pylori was associated with advanced age (p = 0.0093) and metastases (p = 0.0073). Among the positive cases, 80% (72/90) had the cagA gene. For the “s” position of the vacA gene, 98.8% (83/84) of the bacteria had genotype s1 and 1.2% (1/84) were genotyped as s2. For the “m” position, the results were: 63.6% (56/88) with m1 genotype, 2.3% (2/88) genotyped as m2 and 34.1% (30/88) m1/m2. Virulence factors did not impact an increase in the association with age or metastases. In conclusion, H. pylori infection is associated with malignant phenotype cases of gastric adenocarcinoma, involving metastases. The virulence factors related to the cagA and vacA genes showed a high prevalence in the Brazilian Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Brasil-Costa
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-91-3214-2005
| | - Cintya de Oliveira Souza
- Laboratório de Enteroinfecções Bacterianas, Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.d.O.S.); (L.C.R.M.)
| | - Leni Célia Reis Monteiro
- Laboratório de Enteroinfecções Bacterianas, Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.d.O.S.); (L.C.R.M.)
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Xu W, Li B, Xu M, Yang T, Hao X. Traditional Chinese medicine for precancerous lesions of gastric cancer: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112542. [PMID: 34929576 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of death due to cancer worldwide. The gastric mucosa often undergoes many years of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) stages before progressing to gastric malignancy. Unfortunately, there are no effective Western drugs for patients with PLGC. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been proven effective in treating PLGC. Classical TCM formulas and chemical components isolated from some Chinese herbal medicines have been administered to treat PLGC, and the main advantage is their comprehensive intervention with multiple approaches and multiple targets. In this review, we focus on recent studies using TCM treatment for PLGC, including clinical observations and experimental research, with a focus on targets and mechanisms of drugs. This review provides some ideas and a theoretical basis for applying TCM to treat PLGC and prevent GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Xu
- Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Bolin Li
- Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Miaochan Xu
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Tianxiao Yang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Xinyu Hao
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
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Ansari S, Yamaoka Y. Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factor Cytotoxin-Associated Gene A (CagA)-Mediated Gastric Pathogenicity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197430. [PMID: 33050101 PMCID: PMC7582651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori causes persistent infection in the gastric epithelium of more than half of the world’s population, leading to the development of severe complications such as peptic ulcer diseases, gastric cancer, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Several virulence factors, including cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), which is translocated into the gastric epithelium via the type 4 secretory system (T4SS), have been indicated to play a vital role in disease development. Although infection with strains harboring the East Asian type of CagA possessing the EPIYA-A, -B, and -D sequences has been found to potentiate cell proliferation and disease pathogenicity, the exact mechanism of CagA involvement in disease severity still remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we discuss the possible role of CagA in gastric pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshul Ansari
- Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur 44200, Nepal;
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
- Global Oita Medical Advanced Research Center for Health (GO-MARCH), Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Borneo Medical and Health Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah 88400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-97-586-5740; Fax: +81-97-586-5749
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