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Lee ZY, Lee WH, Lim JS, Ali AAA, Loo JSE, Wibowo A, Mohammat MF, Foo JB. Golgi apparatus targeted therapy in cancer: Are we there yet? Life Sci 2024; 352:122868. [PMID: 38936604 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Membrane trafficking within the Golgi apparatus plays a pivotal role in the intracellular transportation of lipids and proteins. Dysregulation of this process can give rise to various pathological manifestations, including cancer. Exploiting Golgi defects, cancer cells capitalise on aberrant membrane trafficking to facilitate signal transduction, proliferation, invasion, immune modulation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Despite the identification of several molecular signalling pathways associated with Golgi abnormalities, there remains a lack of approved drugs specifically targeting cancer cells through the manipulation of the Golgi apparatus. In the initial section of this comprehensive review, the focus is directed towards delineating the abnormal Golgi genes and proteins implicated in carcinogenesis. Subsequently, a thorough examination is conducted on the impact of these variations on Golgi function, encompassing aspects such as vesicular trafficking, glycosylation, autophagy, oxidative mechanisms, and pH alterations. Lastly, the review provides a current update on promising Golgi apparatus-targeted inhibitors undergoing preclinical and/or clinical trials, offering insights into their potential as therapeutic interventions. Significantly more effort is required to advance these potential inhibitors to benefit patients in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Hwei Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jing Sheng Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Afiqah Ali Ajmel Ali
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jason Siau Ee Loo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Agustono Wibowo
- Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Pahang, Jengka Campus, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fazli Mohammat
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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Felice DD, Alaimo A, Bressan D, Genovesi S, Marmocchi E, Annesi N, Beccaceci G, Dalfovo D, Cutrupi F, Foletto V, Lorenzoni M, Gandolfi F, Kannan S, Verma CS, Vasciaveo A, Shen MM, Romanel A, Chiacchiera F, Cambuli F, Lunardi A. Rarγ -Foxa1 signaling promotes luminal identity in prostate progenitors and is disrupted in prostate cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.06.583256. [PMID: 38496627 PMCID: PMC10942448 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.06.583256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is a master regulator of vertebrate development with crucial roles in directing body axis orientation and tissue differentiation, including in the reproductive system. However, a mechanistic understanding of how RA signaling promotes cell lineage identity in different tissues is often missing. Here, leveraging prostate organoid technology, we demonstrated that RA signaling orchestrates the commitment of adult mouse prostate progenitors to glandular identity, epithelial barrier integrity, and ultimately, proper specification of the prostatic lumen. Mechanistically, RA-dependent RARγ activation promotes the expression of the pioneer factor Foxa1, which synergizes with the androgen pathway for proper luminal expansion, cytoarchitecture and function. FOXA1 nucleotide variants are common in human prostate and breast cancers and considered driver mutations, though their pathogenic mechanism is incompletely understood. Combining functional genetics experiments with structural modeling of FOXA1 folding and chromatin binding analyses, we discovered that FOXA1 F254E255 is a loss-of-function mutation leading to compromised transcriptional function and lack of luminal fate commitment of prostate progenitors. Overall, we define RA as a crucial instructive signal for glandular identity in adult prostate progenitors. We propose deregulation of vitamin A metabolism as a risk factor for benign and malignant prostate disease, and identified cancer associated FOXA1 indels affecting residue F254 as loss-of-function mutations promoting dedifferentiation of adult prostate progenitors. Summary: Retinoic acid signaling orchestrates luminal differentiation of adult prostate progenitors.
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Lavudi K, Nuguri SM, Olverson Z, Dhanabalan AK, Patnaik S, Kokkanti RR. Targeting the retinoic acid signaling pathway as a modern precision therapy against cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1254612. [PMID: 37645246 PMCID: PMC10461636 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1254612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a vital metabolite derived from vitamin A. RA plays a prominent role during development, which helps in embryological advancement and cellular differentiation. Mechanistically, RA binds to its definite nuclear receptors including the retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor, thus triggering gene transcription and further consequences in gene regulation. This functional heterodimer activation later results in gene activation/inactivation. Several reports have been published related to the detailed embryonic and developmental role of retinoic acids and as an anti-cancer drug for specific cancers, including acute promyelocytic leukemia, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. Nonetheless, the other side of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has not been explored widely yet. In this review, we focused on the role of the RA pathway and its downstream gene activation in relation to cancer progression. Furthermore, we explored the ways of targeting the retinoic acid pathway by focusing on the dual role of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) family enzymes. Combination strategies by combining RA targets with ALDH-specific targets make the tumor cells sensitive to the treatment and improve the progression-free survival of the patients. In addition to the genomic effects of ATRA, we also highlighted the role of ATRA in non-canonical mechanisms as an immune checkpoint inhibitor, thus targeting the immune oncological perspective of cancer treatments in the current era. The role of ATRA in activating independent mechanisms is also explained in this review. This review also highlights the current clinical trials of ATRA in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs and explains the future directional insights related to ATRA usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousalya Lavudi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shreya Madhav Nuguri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zianne Olverson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Anantha Krishna Dhanabalan
- Centre for Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Srinivas Patnaik
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rekha Rani Kokkanti
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Current Opportunities for Targeting Dysregulated Neurodevelopmental Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162530. [PMID: 36010607 PMCID: PMC9406959 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and highly lethal type of brain tumor, with poor survival despite advances in understanding its complexity. After current standard therapeutic treatment, including tumor resection, radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy with temozolomide, the median overall survival of patients with this type of tumor is less than 15 months. Thus, there is an urgent need for new insights into GBM molecular characteristics and progress in targeted therapy in order to improve clinical outcomes. The literature data revealed that a number of different signaling pathways are dysregulated in GBM. In this review, we intended to summarize and discuss current literature data and therapeutic modalities focused on targeting dysregulated signaling pathways in GBM. A better understanding of opportunities for targeting signaling pathways that influences malignant behavior of GBM cells might open the way for the development of novel GBM-targeted therapies.
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Stroggilos R, Frantzi M, Zoidakis J, Mokou M, Moulavasilis N, Mavrogeorgis E, Melidi A, Makridakis M, Stravodimos K, Roubelakis MG, Mischak H, Vlahou A. Gene Expression Monotonicity across Bladder Cancer Stages Informs on the Molecular Pathogenesis and Identifies a Prognostic Eight-Gene Signature. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102542. [PMID: 35626146 PMCID: PMC9140126 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in molecular classification, tumor stage and grade still remain the most relevant prognosticators used by clinicians to decide on patient management. Here, we leverage publicly available data to characterize bladder cancer (BLCA)’s stage biology based on increased sample sizes, identify potential therapeutic targets, and extract putative biomarkers. A total of 1135 primary BLCA transcriptomes from 12 microarray studies were compiled in a meta-cohort and analyzed for monotonal alterations in pathway activities, gene expression, and co-expression patterns with increasing stage (Ta–T1–T2–T3–T4), starting from the non-malignant tumor-adjacent urothelium. The TCGA-2017 and IMvigor-210 RNA-Seq data were used to validate our findings. Wnt, MTORC1 signaling, and MYC activity were monotonically increased with increasing stage, while an opposite trend was detected for the catabolism of fatty acids, circadian clock genes, and the metabolism of heme. Co-expression network analysis highlighted stage- and cell-type-specific genes of potentially synergistic therapeutic value. An eight-gene signature, consisting of the genes AKAP7, ANLN, CBX7, CDC14B, ENO1, GTPBP4, MED19, and ZFP2, had independent prognostic value in both the discovery and validation sets. This novel eight-gene signature may increase the granularity of current risk-to-progression estimators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Stroggilos
- Systems Biology Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (R.S.); (J.Z.); (E.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Frantzi
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, 30659 Hannover, Germany; (M.F.); (M.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Systems Biology Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (R.S.); (J.Z.); (E.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Marika Mokou
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, 30659 Hannover, Germany; (M.F.); (M.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Napoleon Moulavasilis
- 1st Department of Urology, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Emmanouil Mavrogeorgis
- Systems Biology Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (R.S.); (J.Z.); (E.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Anna Melidi
- Systems Biology Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (R.S.); (J.Z.); (E.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Systems Biology Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (R.S.); (J.Z.); (E.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Konstantinos Stravodimos
- 1st Department of Urology, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Maria G. Roubelakis
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Harald Mischak
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, 30659 Hannover, Germany; (M.F.); (M.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Systems Biology Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (R.S.); (J.Z.); (E.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-659-7506; Fax: +30-210-659-7545
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Tratnjek L, Jeruc J, Romih R, Zupančič D. Vitamin A and Retinoids in Bladder Cancer Chemoprevention and Treatment: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence, Challenges and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3510. [PMID: 33805295 PMCID: PMC8036787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most common cancer worldwide with a high recurrence rate, morbidity and mortality. Therefore, chemoprevention and improved treatment of BC are of paramount importance. Epidemiological studies suggest that adequate vitamin A intake may be associated with reduced BC risk. In addition, retinoids, natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, are intensively studied in cancer research due to their antioxidant properties and their ability to regulate cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Findings from in vivo and in vitro models of BC show great potential for the use of retinoids in the chemoprevention and treatment of BC. However, translation to the clinical practice is limited. In this narrative review we discuss: (i) vitamin A and retinoid metabolism and retinoic acid signalling, (ii) the pathobiology of BC and the need for chemoprevention, (iii) the epidemiological evidence for the role of dietary vitamin A in BC, (iv) mechanistic insights obtained from in vivo and in vitro models, (v) clinical trials of retinoids and the limitations of retinoid use, (vi) novel systems of retinoid delivery, and (vii) components of retinoid signalling pathways as potential novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Tratnjek
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Jera Jeruc
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Rok Romih
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Daša Zupančič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.T.); (R.R.)
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