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Verma S, Giagnocavo SD, Curtin MC, Arumugam M, Osburn-Staker SM, Wang G, Atkinson A, Nix DA, Lum DH, Cox JE, Hilgendorf KI. Zinc Alpha-2-Glycoprotein (ZAG/AZGP1) secreted by triple-negative breast cancer promotes tumor microenvironment fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.04.583349. [PMID: 38496643 PMCID: PMC10942361 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.04.583349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a predisposition factor for breast cancer, suggesting a localized, reciprocal interaction between breast cancer cells and the surrounding mammary white adipose tissue. To investigate how breast cancer cells alter the composition and function of adipose tissue, we screened the secretomes of ten human breast cancer cell lines for the ability to modulate the differentiation of adipocyte stem and progenitor cells (ASPC). The screen identified a key adipogenic modulator, Zinc Alpha-2-Glycoprotein (ZAG/AZGP1), secreted by triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. TNBC-secreted ZAG inhibits adipogenesis and instead induces the expression of fibrotic genes. Accordingly, depletion of ZAG in TNBC cells attenuates fibrosis in white adipose tissue and inhibits tumor growth. Further, high expression of ZAG in TNBC patients, but not other clinical subtypes of breast cancer, is linked to poor prognosis. Our findings suggest a role of TNBC-secreted ZAG in promoting the transdifferentiation of ASPCs into cancer-associated fibroblasts to support tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Meghan C Curtin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Menusha Arumugam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sandra M Osburn-Staker
- Metabolomics, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Guoying Wang
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Aaron Atkinson
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David A Nix
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David H Lum
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - James E Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Metabolomics, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Keren I Hilgendorf
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Lead contact:
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Dochi H, Kondo S, Komura S, Moriyama-Kita M, Komori T, Nanbo A, Sakaguchi M, Fukuyo M, Hamabe-Horiike T, Tanaka M, Mizokami H, Kano M, Kitagawa Y, Kobayashi E, Hirai N, Ueno T, Nakanishi Y, Endo K, Sugimoto H, Hanayama R, Kaneda A, Yoshizaki T. Peritumoral SPARC expression induced by exosomes from nasopharyngeal carcinoma infected Epstein-Barr virus: A poor prognostic marker. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:895-911. [PMID: 37907830 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells have high metastatic potential. Recent research has revealed that the interaction of between tumor cells and the surrounding stroma plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, we showed the prognostic value of expression of SPARC, an extracellular matrix protein with multiple cellular functions, in normal adjacent tissues (NAT) surrounding NPC. In the immunohistochemical analysis of 51 NPC biopsy specimens, SPARC expression levels were significantly elevated in the NAT of EBER (EBV-encoded small RNA)-positive NPC compared to that in the NAT of EBER-negative NPC. Moreover, increased SPARC expression in NAT was associated with a worsening of overall survival. The enrichment analysis of RNA-seq of publicly available NPC and NAT surrounding NPC data showed that high SPARC expression in NPC was associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition promotion, and there was a dynamic change in the gene expression profile associated with interference of cellular proliferation in NAT, including SPARC expression. Furthermore, EBV-positive NPC cells induce SPARC expression in normal nasopharyngeal cells via exosomes. Induction of SPARC in cancer-surrounding NAT cells reduced intercellular adhesion in normal nasopharyngeal structures and promoted cell competition between cancer cells and normal epithelial cells. These results suggest that epithelial cells loosen their own binding with the extracellular matrix as well as stromal cells, facilitating the invasion of tumor cells into the adjacent stroma by activating cell competition. Our findings reveal a new mechanism by which EBV creates a pro-metastatic microenvironment by upregulating SPARC expression in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotomo Dochi
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Kondo
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Komura
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Makiko Moriyama-Kita
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Komori
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Asuka Nanbo
- Department of Virus Infection Dynamics, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Miako Sakaguchi
- Central Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukuyo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshihide Hamabe-Horiike
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mariko Tanaka
- Center for Biochemical Research and Education, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Harue Mizokami
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Kano
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitagawa
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hirai
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ueno
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakanishi
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhira Endo
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Sugimoto
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Rikinari Hanayama
- Department of Immunology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yoshizaki
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Fang R, Yan L, Liao Z. Abnormal lipid metabolism in cancer-associated cachexia and potential therapy strategy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1123567. [PMID: 37205195 PMCID: PMC10185845 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1123567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a major characteristic of advanced cancer, associates with almost all types of cancer. Recent studies have found that lipopenia is an important feature of CAC, and it even occurs earlier than sarcopenia. Different types of adipose tissue are all important in the process of CAC. In CAC patients, the catabolism of white adipose tissue (WAT) is increased, leading to an increase in circulating free fatty acids (FFAs), resulting in " lipotoxic". At the same time, WAT also is induced by a variety of mechanisms, browning into brown adipose tissue (BAT). BAT is activated in CAC and greatly increases energy expenditure in patients. In addition, the production of lipid is reduced in CAC, and the cross-talk between adipose tissue and other systems, such as muscle tissue and immune system, also aggravates the progression of CAC. The treatment of CAC is still a vital clinical problem, and the abnormal lipid metabolism in CAC provides a new way for the treatment of CAC. In this article, we will review the mechanism of metabolic abnormalities of adipose tissue in CAC and its role in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxin Fang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengkai Liao, ; Ling Yan,
| | - Zhengkai Liao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengkai Liao, ; Ling Yan,
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The Molecular Basis and Therapeutic Potential of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor in Cancer Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122955. [PMID: 35740622 PMCID: PMC9221449 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The mechanism of cancer cachexia is linked to a variety of factors, and inflammatory factors are thought to play a key role. We summarize the main roles of LIF in the development of cancer cachexia, including promoting fat loss, inducing skeletal muscle atrophy and causing anorexia nervosa. The main aim of this review is to increase the understanding of the effects of LIF in cachexia and to provide new insights into the treatment of cancer cachexia. Abstract Cachexia is a chronic metabolic syndrome that is characterized by sustained weight and muscle mass loss and anorexia. Cachexia can be secondary to a variety of diseases and affects the prognosis of patients significantly. The increase in inflammatory cytokines in plasma is deeply related to the occurrence of cachexia. As a member of the IL-6 cytokine family, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) exerts multiple biological functions. LIF is over-expressed in the cancer cells and stromal cells of various tumors, promoting the malignant development of tumors via the autocrine and paracrine systems. Intriguingly, increasing studies have confirmed that LIF contributes to the progression of cachexia, especially in patients with metastatic tumors. This review combines all of the evidence to summarize the mechanism of LIF-induced cachexia from the following four aspects: (i) LIF and cancer-associated cachexia, (ii) LIF and alterations of adipose tissue in cachexia, (iii) LIF and anorexia nervosa in cachexia, and (iv) LIF and muscle atrophy in cachexia. Considering the complex mechanisms in cachexia, we also focus on the interactions between LIF and other key cytokines in cachexia and existing therapeutics targeting LIF.
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Nishikawa H, Goto M, Fukunishi S, Asai A, Nishiguchi S, Higuchi K. Cancer Cachexia: Its Mechanism and Clinical Significance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8491. [PMID: 34445197 PMCID: PMC8395185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The term "cachexia" is derived from the Greek words kakos (bad) and hexis (habit). Cachexia is a malnutrition associated with chronic diseases such as cancer, chronic heart failure, chronic renal failure, and autoimmune diseases, and is characterized by decreased skeletal muscle mass. Cancer cachexia is quite common in patients with advanced cancer. Weight loss is also a characteristic symptom of cancer cachexia, along with decreased skeletal muscle mass. As nutritional supplementation alone cannot improve cachexia, cytokines and tumor-derived substances have been attracting attention as its relevant factors. Cancer cachexia can be also associated with reduced chemotherapeutic effects, increased side effects and treatment interruptions, and even poorer survival. In 2011, a consensus definition of cachexia has been proposed, and the number of relevant research reports has increased significantly. However, the pathogenesis of cachexia is not fully understood, and there are currently few regulatory-approved standard treatments for cachexia. The main reason for this is that multiple etiologies are involved in the development of cachexia. In this review, we will outline the current status of cachexia, the mechanisms of which have been elucidated in recent years, especially from the perspective of advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nishikawa
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan; (M.G.); (S.F.); (A.A.); (K.H.)
- The Premier Departmental Research of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan
| | - Masahiro Goto
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan; (M.G.); (S.F.); (A.A.); (K.H.)
| | - Shinya Fukunishi
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan; (M.G.); (S.F.); (A.A.); (K.H.)
- The Premier Departmental Research of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan; (M.G.); (S.F.); (A.A.); (K.H.)
| | | | - Kazuhide Higuchi
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan; (M.G.); (S.F.); (A.A.); (K.H.)
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