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Nemati S, Dardashti AR, Mohebbi E, Kamangar F, Malekzadeh R, Zendehdel K, Sheikh M. Potential impact of controlling opium use prevalence on future cancer incidence in Iran. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 73:102650. [PMID: 38881571 PMCID: PMC11180302 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) recently classified opium consumption as carcinogenic to humans. This study aimed to estimate the potential reduction in incident cancers by 2035 in Iran, which accounts for 42% of global opium consumption, through decreasing opium use prevalence. Methods The population attributable fraction (PAF) of opium-related cancers was projected using national cancer incidence, age- and gender-specific opium use prevalence, relative cancer risks associated with opium use, and annual percentage changes in cancer incidence rates in Iran. Opium-related cancers were defined based on IARC monographs as cancers of lung, larynx, bladder, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and pharynx. The number of preventable cancer cases under different opium prevalence scenarios was determined by subtracting attributable cases in each year based on current prevalence from those in alternative scenarios. Findings By 2035, an estimated 3,001,421 new cancer cases are expected in Iran, with 904,013 (30.1%) occurring in opium-related sites. Maintaining the current opium prevalence (5.6%) is projected to cause 111,130 new cancer cases (3.7% of all cancers, 12.3% of opium-related). A 10%, 30%, and 50% reduction in opium prevalence could prevent 9,016, 28,161, and 49,006 total incident cancers by 2035 in Iran, respectively. Reducing opium use prevalence by 10%-50% is projected to have the highest impact on lung cancer (prevention of 2,946-15,831 cases), stomach cancer (prevention of 2,404-12,593 cases), and bladder cancer (prevention of 1,725-9,520 cases). Interpretation Our results highlight the significant benefits that can be achieved through effective cancer prevention policies targeting opium use in Iran. Neglecting this risk factor is estimated to pose a significant burden on cancer incidence in the next decade in this population. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Nemati
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Dardashti
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Mohebbi
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mahdi Sheikh
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
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Akbari P, Nemati S, Nahvijou A, Bolourinejad P, Forbes L, Zendehdel K. Survey of awareness and beliefs about cancer (ABC) in Tehran Province, Iran. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:579. [PMID: 38734656 PMCID: PMC11088007 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Knowledge, attitudes, and practices are essential measures for planning and evaluating cancer control programs. Little is known about these in Iran. METHODS We conducted a population-based interview survey of adults aged 30-70 using the Farsi version of the Awareness and Beliefs about Cancer questionnaire in the capital province of Tehran, Iran, 2019. We calculated weighted estimates of levels of cancer knowledge, attitudes, and practices to allow for different selection probabilities and nonresponse. We used multivariate logistic regression to understand demographic factors associated with bowel, cervix, and breast screening practices. RESULTS We interviewed 736 men and 744 women. The mean number of recalled cancer warning signs was less than one; 57.7% could not recall any cancer warning signs. Participants recognized 5.6 out of 11 early cancer warning signs and 8.8 of 13 cancer risk factors. Most (82.7%) did not know that HPV infection was a cancer risk factor. Approximately, half had negative attitudes towards cancer treatment, but over 80% had positive attitudes towards the effectiveness of screening for improving survival. Colorectal, breast, and cervical screening rates were 24%, 42%, and 49%, respectively. Higher socioeconomic status increased the odds of taking up screening for cancer. Women aged 60-70 were less likely to report taking up breast and cervical screening than younger women. DISCUSSION The Iranian population has poor awareness and negative attitudes about cancer, and participation in screening programs is low. Public awareness and early detection of cancer should be promoted in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Akbari
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Nemati
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Nahvijou
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paria Bolourinejad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Lindsay Forbes
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Li J, Song X, Ni Y, Zhu S, Chen W, Zhao Y, Yi J, Xia L, Nie S, Shang Q, Liu L. Time trends of 16 modifiable risk factors on the burden of major cancers among the Chinese population. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1443-1454. [PMID: 38126210 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The cancer burden in China is increasing. We aimed to assess the time trends in the prevalence of 16 modifiable risk factors involved in lifestyle, diet, infection, and air pollution between 1997 and 2025 based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey, the Global Burden of Disease website, and publically available studies. The population attributable fraction (PAF) and its 95% uncertainty interval (UI) from 2007 to 2035 were calculated to quantify the attributable cancer burden in major 12 anatomic sites using the comparative risk assessment method, considering a 10-year lag effect. As a result, 1,559,476 cancer cases (PAF = 54.1%, 95% UI: 36.8%-65.8%) from the 12 anatomic sites were attributable to these modifiable risk factors in 2007, with lung, liver, and gastric cancer raging the top three. It was predicted that by 2035, the attributable cancer cases would reach 1,680,098 (PAF = 44.2%, 95% UI: 29.1%-55.5%), with the top three of lung, liver, and colorectal cancer. Smoking, physical inactivity, insufficient fruit consumption, HBV infection, and Helicobacter pylori infection were the most attributable risk factors in 2007, contributing to 480,352, 233,684, 215,009, 214,455, and 187,305 associated cancer cases, respectively. In 2035, the leading factors for cancer would be smoking, physical inactivity, insufficient fruit intake, HPV infection, and HBV infection, resulting in 427,445, 424,327, 185,144, 156,535, and 154,368 cancer cases, respectively. Intervention strategies should be swiftly established and dynamically altered in response to risk factors like smoking, physical inactivity, poor fruit intake, and infectious factors that may cause a high cancer burden in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuemei Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuxin Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sijia Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaofa Nie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qinggang Shang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Colorectal cancer, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Taheri N, Fattahi P, Saeedi E, Sayyari M, Abdi S, Khaki M, Rahimi N, Motamedi RK, Lotfi F, Vand Rajabpour M, Nemati S. A decade of tobacco control efforts: Implications for tobacco smoking prevalence in Eastern Mediterranean countries. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297045. [PMID: 38394166 PMCID: PMC10889639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the association between the 10-year implementation of tobacco control policies, cigarette affordability index and changes in tobacco smoking prevalence across Eastern Mediterranean (EMR) countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ecologic study was conducted using EMR countries as the analytical unit. Data from three sources were utilized: the MPOWER scale to measure tobacco control policy implementation (2010-2020), the tobacco affordability index (expressed as a percentage of GDP per capita required to purchase 2000 cigarettes, from 2010 to 2020), and national tobacco smoking prevalence data for EMR countries (2010-2023). Linear Fixed-effect regression was employed to investigate associations between changes in MPOWER scores, the cigarette affordability index, and alterations in tobacco prevalence over a decade. RESULTS Statistically significant inverse associations were observed between changes in MPOWER scores and tobacco smoking prevalence among both men and women in EMR countries (P-value<0.05). Each unit increase in MPOWER score corresponded to a 0.26% reduction in tobacco prevalence among men and a 0.12% reduction among women. The regression model revealed that each unit increase in the cigarette affordability index was linked to a 0.9% decrease in tobacco smoking prevalence across EMR countries (P-value<0.05). Furthermore, even after adjusting for multiple confounders, significant inverse associations were noted between tobacco monitoring (β = -0.41), health warning (β = -0.45), and changes in tobacco smoking prevalence (P-value<0.05). CONCLUSION This study underscored the effectiveness of enhancing the implementation of tobacco control policies and increasing the cigarette affordability index as preventive measures to reduce tobacco smoking prevalence in EMR countries over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Taheri
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pedram Fattahi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Elnaz Saeedi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sayyari
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Abdi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Khaki
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rahimi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouhollah K. Motamedi
- Medical Genomic Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshte Lotfi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Vand Rajabpour
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Nemati
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of public health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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