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Solomun JI, Martin L, Mapfumo P, Moek E, Amro E, Becker F, Tuempel S, Hoeppener S, Rudolph KL, Traeger A. pH-sensitive packaging of cationic particles by an anionic block copolymer shell. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:336. [PMID: 35842657 PMCID: PMC9287721 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cationic non-viral vectors show great potential to introduce genetic material into cells, due to their ability to transport large amounts of genetic material and their high synthetic versatility. However, designing materials that are effective without showing toxic effects or undergoing non-specific interactions when applied systemically remains a challenge. The introduction of shielding polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) can enhance biocompatibility and circulation time, however, often impairs transfection efficiency. Herein, a multicomponent polymer system is introduced, based on cationic and hydrophobic particles (P(nBMA46-co-MMA47-co-DMAEMA90), (PBMD)) with high delivery performance and a pH-responsive block copolymer (poly((N-acryloylmorpholine)-b-(2-(carboxy)ethyl acrylamide)) (P(NAM72-b-CEAm74), PNC)) as shielding system, with PNAM as alternative to PEG. The pH-sensitive polymer design promotes biocompatibility and excellent stability at extracellular conditions (pH 7.4) and also allows endosomal escape and thus high transfection efficiency under acidic conditions. PNC shielded particles are below 200 nm in diameter and showed stable pDNA complexation. Further, interaction with human erythrocytes at extracellular conditions (pH 7.4) was prevented, while acidic conditions (pH 6) enabled membrane leakage. The particles demonstrate transfection in adherent (HEK293T) as well as difficult-to-transfect suspension cells (K-562), with comparable or superior efficiency compared to commercial linear poly(ethylenimine) (LPEI). Besides, the toxicity of PNC-shielded particles was significantly minimized, in particular in K-562 cells and erythrocytes. In addition, a pilot in vivo experiment on bone marrow blood cells of mice that were injected with PNC-shielded particles, revealed slightly enhanced cell transfection in comparison to naked pDNA. This study demonstrates the applicability of cationic hydrophobic polymers for transfection of adherent and suspension cells in culture as well as in vivo by co-formulation with pH-responsive shielding polymers, without substantially compromising transfection performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana I Solomun
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Liam Martin
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Prosper Mapfumo
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Moek
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Elias Amro
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Friedrich Becker
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Tuempel
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - K Lenhard Rudolph
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany. .,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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Farag MM, Abd El Malak NS, Yehia SA, Ahmed MA. Hyaluronic Acid Conjugated Metformin-Phospholipid Sonocomplex: A Biphasic Complexation Approach to Correct Hypoxic Tumour Microenvironment. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1005-1019. [PMID: 33603365 PMCID: PMC7885809 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s297634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Development of hyaluronic acid conjugated metformin-phospholipid sonocomplexes (HA-MPS), a biphasic complexation product compiled for enhancing both the lipophilicity and targeting potential of Metformin (MET) to CD44 receptors on pancreatic cancer. Methods MET was chemically conjugated to hyaluronic acid (HA) via amide coupling reaction. Then, the HA conjugated MET was physically conjugated to Lipoid™S100 via ultrasound irradiation. A combined D-optimal design was implemented to statistically optimize formulation variables. The HA-MPS were characterized through solubility studies, partition coefficient, drug content uniformity, particle size and zeta potential. The optimized HA-MPS was tested via proton nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy to elucidate the nature of physicochemical interactions in the complex which was further scrutinized on molecular level via molecular docking and dynamic simulation. Results The solubility and partition studies showed a lipophilicity enhancement up to 67 folds as they adopted inverted micelles configuration based on the packing parameter hypothesis. The optimized HA-MPS showed 11.5 folds lower IC50, extra 25% reduction in oxygen consumption rate, better reduction in hypoxia-inducible factor and reactive oxygen species in MiaPaCa-2 cells. Conclusion These results proved better internalization of MET which was reflected by abolishing hypoxic tumour microenvironment, a mainstay toward a normoxic and less resistant pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Farag
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nevine S Abd El Malak
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,School of Pharmacy, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Soad A Yehia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,School of Pharmacy, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
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Han B, Wang Y, Wang L, Shang Z, Wang S, Pei J. Preparation of GST Inhibitor Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System and Its Reversal Effect on the Multidrug Resistance in Oral Carcinoma. NANOMATERIALS 2015; 5:1571-1587. [PMID: 28347082 PMCID: PMC5304786 DOI: 10.3390/nano5041571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During the chemotherapy of cancer, drug resistance is the first issue that chemotherapeutic drugs cannot be effectively used for the treatment of cancers repeatedly for a long term, and the main reason for this is that tumor cell detoxification is mediated by GSH (glutathione) catalyzed by GST (glutathione-S-transferase). In this study, a GST inhibitor, ethacrynic acid (ECA), was designed to be coupled with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide) (MPEG-PLA) by disulfide bonds to prepare methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide)-disulphide bond-mthacrynic acid (MPEG-PLA-SS-ECA) as a carrier material of the nanoparticles. Nanoparticles of pingyangmycin (PYM) and carboplatin (CBP) were prepared, respectively, and their physicochemical properties were investigated. The ECA at the disulfide could be released in the presence of GSH, the pingyangmycin, carboplatin and ECA were all uniformly released, and the nanoparticles could release all the drugs completely within 10 days. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the prepared MPEG-PLA-SS-ECA/CBP and MPEG-PLA-SS-ECA/PYM nanoparticles in drug-resistant oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines SCC15/CBP and SCC15/PYM cells was 12.68 μg·mL-¹ and 12.76 μg·mL-¹, respectively; the resistant factor RF of them in the drug-resistant cells were 1.51 and 1.24, respectively, indicating that MPEG-PLA-SS-ECA nanoparticles can reverse the drug resistance of these two drug-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, No.1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yanli Wang
- Changchun Women and Children Health Hospital, No. 962 Xinfa Road, Changchun 130061, China.
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Zuhui Shang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Shuang Wang
- China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Jin Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, No.1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130012, China.
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Feng G, Chen H, Li J, Huang Q, Gupte MJ, Liu H, Song Y, Ge Z. Gene therapy for nucleus pulposus regeneration by heme oxygenase-1 plasmid DNA carried by mixed polyplex micelles with thermo-responsive heterogeneous coronas. Biomaterials 2015; 52:1-13. [PMID: 25818409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Safe and high-efficiency gene therapy for nucleus pulposus (NP) regeneration was urgently desired to treat disc degeneration-associated diseases. In this work, an efficient nonviral cationic block copolymer gene delivery system was used to deliver therapeutic plasmid DNA (pDNA), which was prepared via complexation between the mixed cationic block copolymers, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly{N-[N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoehtyl]aspartamide} [PEG-b-PAsp(DET)] and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-PAsp(DET) [PNIPAM-b-PAsp(DET)], and pDNA at 25 °C. The mixed polyplex micelles (MPMs) containing heterogeneous coronas with hydrophobic and hydrophilic microdomains coexisting could be obtained upon heating from 25 to 37 °C, which showed high tolerability against nuclease and strong resistance towards protein adsorption. The gene transfection efficiency of MPMs in NP cells was significantly higher than that of regular polyplex micelles prepared from sole block copolymer of PEG-b-PAsp(DET) (SPMs) in in vitro and in vivo evaluation due to the synergistic effect of improved colloidal stability and low cytotoxicity. High expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in NP cells transfected by MPMs loading HO-1 pDNA significantly decreased the expression activity of matrix metalloproteinases 3 (MMP-3) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) induced by interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and simultaneously increased the NP phenotype-associated genes such as aggrecan, type II collagen, and SOX-9. Moreover, the therapeutic effects of MPMs loading pDNA were tested to treat disc degeneration induced by stab injury. The results demonstrated that administration of HO-1 pDNA carried by MPMs in rat tail discs apparently reduced inflammatory responses induced by need stab and increased glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, finally achieving better therapeutic efficacy as compared with SPMs. Consequently, MPMs loading HO-1 pDNA were demonstrated to be potential as a safe and high-efficiency nonviral gene delivery system for retarding or regenerating the degenerative discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganjun Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongying Chen
- Technology Center for Public Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junjie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Technology Center for Public Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Melanie J Gupte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yueming Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhishen Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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Photo-triggered molecular release based on auto-degradable polymer-containing organic–inorganic hybrids. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3435-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Kulkarni A, VerHeul R, DeFrees K, Collins CJ, Schuldt RA, Vlahu A, Thompson DH. Microfluidic Assembly of Cationic-β-Cyclodextrin:Hyaluronic Acid-Adamantane Host:Guest pDNA Nanoparticles. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:10.1039/C3BM00189J. [PMID: 24349706 PMCID: PMC3859440 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm00189j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, transfection complexes are typically formed by bulk mixing, producing particles with high polydispersity and limited control over vector size. Herein, we demonstrate the use of a commercial micro-reactor to assemble pDNA:cationic cyclodextrin:pendant polymer nanoparticles using a layer-by-layer approach. Our studies reveal that the particles formulated via microfluidic assembly have much smaller sizes, lower polydispersity, lower ζ-potentials, and comparable cell viability and transfection profiles in HeLa cells than bulk mixed particles. The complexes also show a flow rate-dependent stability, with particles formed at slower flow rates giving rise to more stable complexes as determined by heparin challenge. Our findings suggest that microfluidic reactors offer an attractive method for assembling reproducible, size-controlled complexes from multi-component transfection complex assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ross VerHeul
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47907. Tel: 765-494-0386
| | - Kyle DeFrees
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47907. Tel: 765-494-0386
| | - Christopher J. Collins
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47907. Tel: 765-494-0386
| | - Ryan A. Schuldt
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47907. Tel: 765-494-0386
| | - Alexander Vlahu
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47907. Tel: 765-494-0386
| | - David H. Thompson
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47907. Tel: 765-494-0386
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Busseron E, Ruff Y, Moulin E, Giuseppone N. Supramolecular self-assemblies as functional nanomaterials. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:7098-140. [PMID: 23832165 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02176a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we survey the diversity of structures and functions which are encountered in advanced self-assembled nanomaterials. We highlight their flourishing implementations in three active domains of applications: biomedical sciences, information technologies, and environmental sciences. Our main objective is to provide the reader with a concise and straightforward entry to this broad field by selecting the most recent and important research articles, supported by some more comprehensive reviews to introduce each topic. Overall, this compilation illustrates how, based on the rules of supramolecular chemistry, the bottom-up approach to design functional objects at the nanoscale is currently producing highly sophisticated materials oriented towards a growing number of applications with high societal impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Busseron
- SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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9
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Ruff Y, Moyer T, Newcomb CJ, Demeler B, Stupp SI. Precision templating with DNA of a virus-like particle with peptide nanostructures. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:6211-9. [PMID: 23574404 DOI: 10.1021/ja4008003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report here the preparation of filamentous virus-like particles by the encapsulation of a linear or circular double-stranded DNA template with preassembled mushroom-shaped nanostructures having a positively charged domain. These nanostructures mimic the capsid proteins of natural filamentous viruses and are formed by self-assembly of coiled-coil peptides conjugated at opposite termini with cationic segments and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains. We found that a high molecular weight of PEG segments was critical for the formation of monodisperse and uniformly shaped filamentous complexes. It is proposed that electrostatic attachment of the nanostructures with sufficiently long PEG segments generates steric forces that increase the rigidity of the neutralized DNA template. This stiffening counterbalances the natural tendency of the DNA template to condense into toroids or buckle multiple times. The control achieved over both shape and dimensions of the particles offers a strategy to create one-dimensional supramolecular nanostructures of defined length containing nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Ruff
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Shu JY, Panganiban B, Xu T. Peptide-Polymer Conjugates: From Fundamental Science to Application. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2013; 64:631-57. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040412-110108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ting Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1760;
- Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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Fitzsimmons R, Uludağ H. Specific effects of PEGylation on gene delivery efficacy of polyethylenimine: interplay between PEG substitution and N/P ratio. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:3941-55. [PMID: 22820308 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
While an effective non-viral gene carrier, 25 kDa branched polyethylenimine (PEI) is cytotoxic, and decreasing its toxicity while maintaining its functionality is vital. Conjugation of carriers with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a common approach to decreasing toxicity and improving biodistribution; however, the effect of PEGylation on PEI transfection efficacy is contradictory at present. The aim of this work was to reveal the details of this dependence. Polymers were synthesized by grafting 2 kDa PEG to 25 kDa PEI at multiple ratios. Unlike typical investigations, parallel studies based on either total polymer weight or PEI-backbone weight were employed at the same time for accurate investigation into the specific effects of PEGylation. Polymers were assessed for toxicity and plasmid DNA (pDNA) binding, while polyplexes were formed at various polymer/pDNA weight ratios and monitored by dynamic light scattering (DLS) in the presence of serum. The efficacy of the polyplexes for pDNA delivery and transgene expression in HEK293 cells was assessed by flow cytometry. This approach unexpectedly revealed that increased PEG substitution caused lower toxicity and pDNA-binding on a per total polymer weight basis, but not on a per PEI-backbone weight basis. DLS indicated that high PEGylation prevents an increase in polyplex size in the presence of serum. Plasmid uptake and transgene expression were found to have a complex relationship with PEG substitution, dependent on the polymer/plasmid-DNA weight ratio. PEGylation generally decreased the transfection efficacy of PEI, but under ideal conditions of PEG substitution and polymer/pDNA ratio, PEGylation provided more effective carrier formulations than the native PEI itself.
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Bauhuber S, Liebl R, Tomasetti L, Rachel R, Goepferich A, Breunig M. A library of strictly linear poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(ethylene imine) diblock copolymers to perform structure–function relationship of non-viral gene carriers. J Control Release 2012; 162:446-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kulkarni A, Deng W, Hyun SH, Thompson DH. Development of a low toxicity, effective pDNA vector based on noncovalent assembly of bioresponsive amino-β-cyclodextrin:adamantane-poly(vinyl alcohol)-poly(ethylene glycol) transfection complexes. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:933-40. [PMID: 22551467 DOI: 10.1021/bc2005158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A host:guest-derived gene delivery vector has been developed, based on the self-assembly of cationic β-CD derivatives with a poly(vinyl alcohol) (MW 27 kDa) (PVA) main chain polymer bearing poly(ethylene glycol) (MW 750) (PEG) or MW 2000 PEG and acid-labile adamantane-modified (Ad) grafts through an acid-sensitive benzylidene acetal linkage. These components were investigated for their ability to promote supramolecular complex formation with pDNA using two different assembly schemes, involving either precomplexation of the pendent Ad-PVA-PEG polymer with the cationic β-CD derivatives before pDNA condensation (method A) or pDNA condensation with the cationic β-CD derivatives prior to addition of Ad-PVA-PEG to engage host:guest complexation (method B). The pendent polymers were observed to degrade under acidic conditions while remaining intact for more than 5 days at pH 7. HeLa cell culture data show that these materials have 10(3)-fold lower cytotoxicities than 25 kDa bPEI while maintaining transfection efficiencies that are superior to those observed for this benchmark cationic polymer transfection reagent when the method A assembly scheme is employed. These findings suggest that degradable cationic polymer constructs employing multivalent host:guest interactions may be an effective and low-toxicity vehicle for delivering nucleic acid cargo to target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kulkarni
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Polymer Therapeutics-From Bench to Bedside. Isr J Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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