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Nguyen LTB, Odeleye AOO, Chui CY, Baudequin T, Cui Z, Ye H. Development of thermo-responsive polycaprolactone macrocarriers conjugated with Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) for cell culture. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3477. [PMID: 30837639 PMCID: PMC6401373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAAm) is a well-known 'smart' material responding to external stimuli such as temperature. PNIPAAm was successfully conjugated to polycaprolactone (PCL) bead surfaces through amidation reaction. Functionalization steps were characterized and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy. PNIPAAm-conjugated PCL allowed human dermal fibroblast cells (HDF) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to adhere, spread, and grow successfully. By reducing the temperature to 30 °C, more than 70% of HDF were detached from PNIPAAm-conjugated PCL macrocarriers with 85% viability. The cell detachment ratio by trypsin treatment was slightly higher than that induced by reduced temperature, however, cell detachment from PNIPAAm-conjugated macrocarriers by lowering the temperature significantly reduced cell death and increased both cell viability and the recovery potential of the detached cells. HDF attachment and detachment were also observed by Live-Dead staining and phase contrast imaging. The expression of extracellular matrix proteins such as Laminin and Fibronectin was also affected by the trypsinization process but not by the reduced temperature process. Taken together, our results showed that thermo-responsive macrocarriers could be a promising alternative method for the non-invasive detachment of cells, in particular for tissue engineering, clinical applications and the use of bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh T B Nguyen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Akinlolu O O Odeleye
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Adaptimmune Limited, 60 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RX, UK
| | - Chih-Yao Chui
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Timothée Baudequin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Zhanfeng Cui
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Hua Ye
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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Conzatti G, Cavalie S, Combes C, Torrisani J, Carrere N, Tourrette A. PNIPAM grafted surfaces through ATRP and RAFT polymerization: Chemistry and bioadhesion. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 151:143-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zoppe JO, Ataman NC, Mocny P, Wang J, Moraes J, Klok HA. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 598] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Zoppe
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nariye Cavusoglu Ataman
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Moraes
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Kurzhals S, Zirbs R, Reimhult E. Synthesis and Magneto-Thermal Actuation of Iron Oxide Core-PNIPAM Shell Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:19342-52. [PMID: 26270412 PMCID: PMC4559841 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic nanoparticles have been proposed for many applications in biotechnology and medicine. In this paper, it is demonstrated how the excellent colloidal stability and magnetic properties of monodisperse and individually densely grafted iron oxide nanoparticles can be used to manipulate reversibly the solubility of nanoparticles with a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)nitrodopamine shell. "Grafting-to" and "grafting-from" methods for synthesis of an irreversibly anchored brush shell to monodisperse, oleic acid coated iron oxide cores are compared. Thereafter, it is shown that local heating by magnetic fields as well as global thermal heating can be used to efficiently and reversibly aggregate, magnetically extract nanoparticles from solution and spontaneously redisperse them. The coupling of magnetic and thermally responsive properties points to novel uses as smart materials, for example, in integrated devices for molecular separation and extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Kurzhals
- Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ronald Zirbs
- Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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Synthesis and optimization of fluorescent poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)-coated surfaces by atom transfer radical polymerization for cell culture and detachment. Biointerphases 2014; 10:019001. [PMID: 25708629 DOI: 10.1116/1.4894530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are many stimulus-responsive polymers, poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (pNIPAM) is of special interest due to the phase change it undergoes in a physiologically relevant temperature range that leads to the release of cells and proteins. The nondestructive release of cells opens up a wide range of applications, including the use of pNIPAM for cell sheet and tissue engineering. In this work, pNIPAM surfaces were generated that can be distinguished from the extracellular matrix. A polymerization technique was adapted that was previously used by Mendez, and the existing protocol was optimized for the culture of mammalian cells. The resulting surfaces were characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and goniometry. The developed pNIPAM surfaces were further adapted by incorporation of 5-acrylamidofluorescein to generate fluorescent pNIPAM-coated surfaces. Both types of surfaces (fluorescent and nonfluorescent) sustained cellular attachment and produced cellular detachment of ∼90%, and are therefore suitable for the generation of cell sheets for engineered tissues and other purposes. These surfaces will be useful tools for experiments investigating cellular detachment from pNIPAM and the pNIPAM/cell interface.
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Banerjee S, Paira TK, Mandal TK. Surface confined atom transfer radical polymerization: access to custom library of polymer-based hybrid materials for speciality applications. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Klein Gunnewiek M, Benetti EM, Di Luca A, van Blitterswijk CA, Moroni L, Vancso GJ. Thin polymer brush decouples biomaterial's micro-/nanotopology and stem cell adhesion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:13843-13852. [PMID: 24117174 DOI: 10.1021/la403360r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface morphology and chemistry of polymers used as biomaterials, such as tissue engineering scaffolds, have a strong influence on the adhesion and behavior of human mesenchymal stem cells. Here we studied semicrystalline poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) substrate scaffolds, which exhibited a variation of surface morphologies and roughness originating from different spherulitic superstructures. Substrates were obtained by varying the parameters of the thermal processing, that is, crystallization conditions. The cells attached to these polymer substrates adopted different morphologies responding to variations in spherulite density and size. In order to decouple substrate topology effects on the cells, sub-100 nm bioadhesive polymer brush coatings of oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylates were grafted from PCL and functionalized with fibronectin. On surfaces featuring different surface textures, dense and sub-100 nm thick brush coatings determined the response of cells, irrespective to the underlying topology. Thus, polymer brushes decouple substrate micro-/nanoscale surface topology and the adhesion of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Klein Gunnewiek
- Department of Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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