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Wei T, Liu J, Li C, Tan Y, Wei R, Wang J, Wu H, Li Q, Liu H, Tang Y, Li X. Revealing the extracellular function of HMGB1 N-terminal region acetylation assisted by a protein semi-synthesis approach. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10297-10307. [PMID: 37772093 PMCID: PMC10530822 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01109g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1) is a non-histone chromatin-associated protein that has been widely reported as a representative damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) and to play a pivotal role in the proinflammatory process once it is in an extracellular location. Accumulating evidence has shown that HMGB1 undergoes extensive post-translational modifications (PTMs) that actively regulate its conformation, localization, and intermolecular interactions. However, fully characterizing the functional implications of these PTMs has been challenging due to the difficulty in accessing homogeneous HMGB1 with site-specific PTMs of interest. In this study, we developed a streamlined protein semi-synthesis strategy via salicylaldehyde ester-mediated chemical ligations (Ser/Thr ligation and Cys/Pen ligation, STL/CPL). This methodology enabled us to generate a series of N-terminal region acetylated HMGB1 proteins. Further studies revealed that acetylation regulates HMGB1-heparin interaction and modulates HMGB1's stability against thrombin, representing a regulatory switch to control HMGB1's extracellular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyao Wei
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Jiamei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Yi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Ruohan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Jinzheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Hongxiang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Qingrong Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Yubo Tang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
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Harel O, Jbara M. Chemical Synthesis of Bioactive Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217716. [PMID: 36661212 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nature has developed a plethora of protein machinery to operate and maintain nearly every task of cellular life. These processes are tightly regulated via post-expression modifications-transformations that modulate intracellular protein synthesis, folding, and activation. Methods to prepare homogeneously and precisely modified proteins are essential to probe their function and design new bioactive modalities. Synthetic chemistry has contributed remarkably to protein science by allowing the preparation of novel biomacromolecules that are often challenging or impractical to prepare via common biological means. The ability to chemically build and precisely modify proteins has enabled the production of new molecules with novel physicochemical properties and programmed activity for biomedical research, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications. This minireview summarizes recent developments in chemical protein synthesis to produce bioactive proteins, with emphasis on novel analogs with promising in vitro and in vivo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Harel
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Muhammad Jbara
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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Trunschke S, Piemontese E, Fuchs O, Abboud S, Seitz O. Enhancing Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation at Challenging Junctions with Pyridine Scaffolds. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202065. [PMID: 36097325 PMCID: PMC10091703 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To expand the scope of native chemical ligation (NCL) beyond reactions at cysteine, ligation auxiliaries are appended to the peptide N-terminus. After the introduction of a pyridine-containing auxiliary, which provided access to challenging junctions (proline or β-branched amino acids), we herein probe the role of the pyridine-ring nitrogen. We observed side reactions leading to preliminary auxiliary loss. We describe a new easy to attach β-mercapto-β-(4-methoxy-2-pyridinyl)-ethyl (MMPyE) auxiliary, which 1) has increased stability; 2) enables NCL at sterically encumbered junctions (e. g., Leu-Val); and 3) allows removal under mildly basic (pH 8.5) conditions was introduced. The synthesis of a 120 aa long peptide containing eight MUC5AC tandem repeats via ligation of two 60mers demonstrates the usefulness. Making use of hitherto unexplored NCL to tyrosine, the MMPyE auxiliary provided access to a head-to-tail-cyclized 21-mer peptide and a His6 -tagged hexaphosphorylated peptide comprising 6 heptapeptide repeats of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Trunschke
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuele Piemontese
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Fuchs
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Skander Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Seitz
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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Houska R, Stutz MB, Seitz O. Expanding the scope of native chemical ligation - templated small molecule drug synthesis via benzanilide formation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13450-13457. [PMID: 34777764 PMCID: PMC8528049 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00513h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a reaction system that enables the synthesis of Bcr–Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) via benzanilide formation in water. The reaction is based on native chemical ligation (NCL). In contrast to previous applications, we used the NCL chemistry to establish aromatic rather than aliphatic amide bonds in coupling reactions between benzoyl and o-mercaptoaniline fragments. The method was applied for the synthesis of thiolated ponatinib and GZD824 derivatives. Acid treatment provided benzothiazole structures, which opens opportunities for diversification. Thiolation affected the affinity for Abl1 kinase only moderately. Of note, a ponatinib-derived benzothiazole also showed nanomolar affinity. NCL-enabled benzanilide formation may prove useful for fragment-based drug discovery. To show that benzanilide synthesis can be put under the control of a template, we connected the benzoyl and o-mercaptoaniline fragments to DNA and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers. Complementary RNA templates enabled adjacent binding of reactive conjugates triggering a rapid benzoyl transfer from a thioester-linked DNA conjugate to an o-mercaptoaniline-DNA or -PNA conjugate. We evaluated the influence of linker length and unpaired spacer nucleotides within the RNA template on the product yield. The data suggest that nucleic acid-templated benzanilide formation could find application in the establishment of DNA-encoded combinatorial libraries (DEL). The templated native chemical ligation between benzoyl thioesters and o-mercaptoaniline fragments proceeds in water and provides benzanilides that have nanomolar affinity for Abl1 kinase.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Houska
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Marvin Björn Stutz
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Oliver Seitz
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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Zheng JS, Liang J, Shi WW, Li Y, Hu HG, Tian CL, Liu L. A mirror-image protein-based information barcoding and storage technology. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1542-1549. [PMID: 36654283 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A mirror-image protein-based information barcoding and storage technology wherein D-amino acids are used to encode information into mirror-image proteins that are chemically synthesized is described. These mirror-image proteins were then fused into various materials from which information-encoded objects were produced. Subsequently, the mirror-image proteins were extracted from the objects using biotin-streptavidin resin-mediated specific enrichment and cleaved using an Ni(II)-mediated selective peptide cleavage. Protein sequencing was accomplished using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and then transcoded into the recorded information. We demonstrated the use of this technology to encode Chinese words into mirror-image proteins, which were then fused onto a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film and retrieved and decoded by LC-MS/MS sequencing. Compared to information barcoding and storage technologies using natural biopolymers, the mirror-image biopolymers used in our technology may be more stable and durable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Shen Zheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Wei-Wei Shi
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Hong-Gang Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chang-Lin Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Through the looking glass: milestones on the road towards mirroring life. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 46:931-943. [PMID: 34294544 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring DNA, RNA, and proteins predominantly exist in only one enantiomeric form (homochirality). Advances in biotechnology and chemical synthesis allow the production of the respective alternate enantiomeric form, enabling access to mirror-image versions of these natural biopolymers. Exploiting the unique properties of such mirror molecules has already led to many applications, such as biostable and nonimmunogenic therapeutics or sensors. However, a 'roadblock' for unlocking the mirror world is the lack of biological systems capable of synthesizing critical building blocks including mirror oligonucleotides and oligopeptides to reducing cost and improve purity. Here, we provide an overview of the current progress, applications, and challenges of the molecular mirror world by identifying milestones towards mirroring life.
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Abstract
Although the majority of proteins used for biomedical research are produced using living systems such as bacteria, biological means for producing proteins can be advantageously complemented by protein semisynthesis or total chemical synthesis. The latter approach is particularly useful when the proteins to be produced are toxic for the expression system or show unusual features that cannot be easily programmed in living organisms. The aim of this review is to provide a wide overview of the use of chemical protein synthesis in medicinal chemistry with a special focus on the production of post-translationally modified proteins and backbone cyclized proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Agouridas
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 9017, CIIL, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Centrale Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ouafâa El Mahdi
- Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, BP 1223 Taza gare, Morocco
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 9017, CIIL, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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Tan Y, Wu H, Wei T, Li X. Chemical Protein Synthesis: Advances, Challenges, and Outlooks. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20288-20298. [PMID: 33211477 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary chemical protein synthesis has been dramatically advanced over the past few decades, which has enabled chemists to reach the landscape of synthetic biomacromolecules. Chemical synthesis can produce synthetic proteins with precisely controlled structures which are difficult or impossible to obtain via gene expression systems. Herein, we summarize the key enabling ligation technologies, major strategic developments, and some selected representative applications of synthetic proteins and provide an outlook for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China SAR
| | - Hongxiang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China SAR
| | - Tongyao Wei
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China SAR
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China SAR
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Li Y, Cao X, Tian C, Zheng JS. Chemical protein synthesis-assisted high-throughput screening strategies for d-peptides in drug discovery. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Huang DL, Li Y, Liang J, Yu L, Xue M, Cao XX, Xiao B, Tian CL, Liu L, Zheng JS. The New Salicylaldehyde S,S-Propanedithioacetal Ester Enables N-to-C Sequential Native Chemical Ligation and Ser/Thr Ligation for Chemical Protein Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8790-8799. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Liang Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Lu Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Min Xue
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Cao
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chang-Lin Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ji-Shen Zheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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