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Yang J, Zhang C, Zhu X, Erriah B, Qiu M, Ward MD, Kahr B. Facet-Dependent Lethality of a Contact Insecticide Crystal. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:51769-51775. [PMID: 39267341 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
The activity of crystalline contact insecticides relies on the extraction of surface molecules by insect tarsi upon contact. Most crystals are inherently anisotropic, and surface molecules on symmetry independent faces are expected to have different free energies. The facet-dependent bioavailability and associated efficacy of insect lethality have not been investigated, however. We discriminate the bioactivity of various facets of single crystals of DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane), a well-known contact insecticide. Our findings reveal facet-dependent lethality differences of nearly 75% among four crystallographically unique facets. Furthermore, computations reveal that the respective lethalities of the facets are strongly correlated with the detachment energies of molecules from the crystal surfaces. This facet-dependent lethality suggests a pathway to enhance the efficacy of known contact insecticides through crystal habit control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Bryan Erriah
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Mengdi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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Whittaker SJ, Zhou H, Spencer RB, Yang Y, Tiwari A, Bendesky J, McDowell M, Sundaram P, Lozano I, Kim S, An Z, Shtukenberg AG, Kahr B, Lee SS. Leveling up Organic Semiconductors with Crystal Twisting. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2024; 24:613-626. [PMID: 38250542 PMCID: PMC10797633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The performance of crystalline organic semiconductors depends on the solid-state structure, especially the orientation of the conjugated components with respect to device platforms. Often, crystals can be engineered by modifying chromophore substituents through synthesis. Meanwhile, dissymetry is necessary for high-tech applications like chiral sensing, optical telecommunications, and data storage. The synthesis of dissymmetric molecules is a labor-intensive exercise that might be undermined because common processing methods offer little control over orientation. Crystal twisting has emerged as a generalizable method for processing organic semiconductors and offers unique advantages, such as patterning of physical and chemical properties and chirality that arises from mesoscale twisting. The precession of crystal orientations can enrich performance because achiral molecules in achiral space groups suddenly become candidates for the aforementioned technologies that require dissymetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- St. John Whittaker
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Hengyu Zhou
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Rochelle B. Spencer
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Yongfan Yang
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Akash Tiwari
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Justin Bendesky
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Merritt McDowell
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Pallavi Sundaram
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Idalys Lozano
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Shin Kim
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Zhihua An
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Alexander G. Shtukenberg
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Bart Kahr
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Stephanie S. Lee
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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