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Okunade KS, Adejimi AA, Olumodeji AM, Olowe A, Oyedeji OA, Ademuyiwa IY, Adelabu H, Toks-Omage E, Okoro AC, Davies N, Adenekan MA, Ojo T, Rabiu KA, Oshodi YA, Ugwu AO, Olowoselu FO, Akinmola OO, Olamijulo JA, Oluwole AA. Prenatal anaemia and risk of postpartum haemorrhage: a cohort analysis of data from the Predict-PPH study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1028. [PMID: 38609913 PMCID: PMC11015669 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18446-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most previous clinical studies investigating the connection between prenatal anaemia and postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) have reported conflicting results. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between maternal prenatal anaemia and the risk of PPH in a large cohort of healthy pregnant women in five health institutions in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria. METHODS This was a prospective cohort analysis of data from the Predict-PPH study that was conducted between January and June 2023. The study enrolled n = 1222 healthy pregnant women giving birth in five hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. The study outcome, WHO-defined PPH, is postpartum blood loss of at least 500 milliliters. We used a multivariable logistic regression model with a backward stepwise conditional approach to examine the association between prenatal anaemia of increasing severity and PPH while adjusting for confounding factors. RESULTS Of the 1222 women recruited to the Predict-PPH study between January and June 2023, 1189 (97·3%) had complete outcome data. Up to 570 (46.6%) of the enrolled women had prenatal anaemia while 442 (37.2%) of those with complete follow-up data had WHO-defined PPH. After controlling for potential confounding factors, maternal prenatal anaemia was independently associated with PPH (adjusted odds ratio = 1.37, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.79). However, on the elimination of interaction effects of coexisting uterine fibroids and mode of delivery on this association, a sensitivity analysis yielded a lack of significant association between prenatal anaemia and PPH (adjusted odds ratio = 1.27, 95% confidence interval: 0.99-1.64). We also recorded no statistically significant difference in the median postpartum blood loss in women across the different categories of anaemia (P = 0.131). CONCLUSION Our study revealed that prenatal anaemia was not significantly associated with PPH. These findings challenge the previously held belief of a suspected link between maternal anaemia and PPH. This unique evidence contrary to most previous studies suggests that other factors beyond prenatal anaemia may contribute more significantly to the occurrence of PPH. This highlights the importance of comprehensive assessment and consideration of various maternal health factors in predicting and preventing this life-threatening obstetric complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde S Okunade
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.
- Centre for Clinical Trials, Research and Implementation Science, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Adebola A Adejimi
- Department of Community Health & Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ayokunle M Olumodeji
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Atinuke Olowe
- Department of Nursing Science, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi A Oyedeji
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Iyabo Y Ademuyiwa
- Department of Nursing Science, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Hameed Adelabu
- Centre for Clinical Trials, Research and Implementation Science, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Eselobu Toks-Omage
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Austin C Okoro
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Nosimot Davies
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Muisi A Adenekan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Lagos Island Maternity Hospital, Lagos Island, Nigeria
| | - Temitope Ojo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Federal Medical Center, Ebute-Meta, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kabiru A Rabiu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf A Oshodi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Aloy O Ugwu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 68 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Festus O Olowoselu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olukayode O Akinmola
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Joseph A Olamijulo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji A Oluwole
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
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Ameh C, Althabe F. Improving postpartum hemorrhage care: Policy, practice, and research. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2022; 158 Suppl 1:4-5. [PMID: 35762809 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ameh
- Emergency Obstetric Care and Quality of Care Unit, WHO collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Maternal and Newborn Health, International Public Health Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fernando Althabe
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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