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Tang K, Li W, Zhang W, Fang Y, Jiang K. The Relationship Between Family Functioning and Defending Behaviors Among Junior High School Students: The Mediating Effect of Empathy and Moderating Effect of Gender. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241253039. [PMID: 38769876 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241253039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Bystanders play a role in school bullying; more specifically, the defending behaviors of bystanders play an important role in stopping bullying. This study explores the relationship between defending behaviors and family functioning in the context of school bullying from a family perspective. The role played by individual characteristics (empathy and gender) in this relationship was also focused on. The participants were 994 adolescents (average age = 13.34 ± 0.92 years) from the east of China. They completed the McMaster Family Assessment Device, the Basic Empathy Scale, and the Defending Behaviors subscale of the Participant Role Questionnaire. After controlling for residence and age, we found that family functioning significantly and positively influenced defending behaviors, and cognitive empathy rather than affective empathy mediated the relationship between family functioning and defending behaviors. In addition, family functioning influenced defending behaviors in boys more strongly than in girls. This study may increase the likelihood that bystanders will engage in defending behaviors by informing interventions for school bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tang
- School of Psychology, Parent Education Research Center, The Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Weijian Li
- School of Psychology, Parent Education Research Center, The Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- School of Education, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- School of Psychology, Parent Education Research Center, The Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Kaiyan Jiang
- School of Education, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
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Hu B, Zhu Y, Liu C, Zheng S, Zhao Z, Bao R. Collectivism, face concern and Chinese-style lurking among university students: the moderating role of trait mindfulness. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1298357. [PMID: 38449746 PMCID: PMC10915208 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1298357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study focuses on understanding the unique causes and mechanisms of "Chinese-style lurking" on WeChat among university students, within a cultural context that emphasizes collectivism and face concern. The research also looks into the moderating role of trait mindfulness. Methods For the confirmation of these phenomena and to validate the theories, a structural equation model was constructed using the Stress-Strain-Outcome (SSO) theory and mindfulness buffering theory. The model was then tested and validated with data from 1,453 valid online surveys. These data were analyzed using the SmartPLS 4.0 software. Results The results indicate that collectivism increases face concern, which in turn escalates online social anxiety. Face concern completely mediates between collectivism and online social anxiety, creating a serial mediation effect between face concern, online social anxiety, and lurking behavior. Additionally, trait mindfulness was found to negatively modulate the pathways from collectivism to face concern and from online social anxiety to lurking. Discussion The findings underscore the influence of traditional Chinese culture on contemporary students' online behavior and provide a new perspective for understanding social media lurking in an Eastern context. The results suggest that a mindfulness-based approach could be used to mitigate the associated silence and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- School of Economics and Finance, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
- Business Analytics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shanshan Zheng
- School of Journalism and Communication, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ziying Zhao
- School of Journalism and Communication, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ruxiang Bao
- School of Journalism and Communication, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
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Wanqing H, Fenqing L, Solodukho A. Smartphone addiction and cross-cultural adjustment among overseas Chinese students: The role of emotion regulation beliefs and strategies. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1009347. [PMID: 36300043 PMCID: PMC9590311 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1009347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have focused on the cross-cultural adjustment of Chinese students studying in Belarus with the size of this group increasing in recent years. The current study aimed to map the process of cross-cultural adjustment onto various factors including childhood emotional neglect, emotion regulation beliefs, emotional regulation strategies, and smartphone addiction in the international students. Emotional regulation strategy and emotion regulation beliefs could perform as key parts in adapting into overseas life from social learning perspective. Furthermore, smartphone addiction could precipitate a failed adjustment process. Materials and methods A total of 356 Chinese students in Belarus completed a self-administered questionnaire including the Chinese versions of the 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12), sociocultural adaptation scale, mobile phone addiction tendency scale for college students, emotion regulation questionnaire, emotion and regulation beliefs scale, and childhood trauma questionnaire-short form. Correlation analysis, regression analysis and T-tests were used to explore the relationship between the variables. Structural equation modeling was carried out to test the hypotheses for association. Results Emotion regulation beliefs of international students mediated the effect of childhood emotional neglect on cross-cultural adjustment through expression suppression and smartphone addiction. While, in another chain mediation model, childhood emotional neglect affected cross-cultural adjustment only through emotion regulation beliefs and smartphone addiction. Cognitive appraisal independently influenced adjustment through smartphone addiction. Limitations Limitations include its cross-sectional design and self-reported survey methodology. In the future, we can combine experimental manipulations to explore the mechanisms by which various emotion beliefs act on smartphone addiction and cross-cultural adjustment in different situations. Conclusion This study displays the correlation between emotion regulation beliefs to smartphone addiction and cross-cultural adjustment, as well as the harmful effects of childhood emotional neglect; these components should be further addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Wanqing
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy and Social Science, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Liang Fenqing
- Shenzhen Tiantian Brothers Technology Co., Shenzhen, China
| | - Alexander Solodukho
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy and Social Science, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
- *Correspondence: Alexander Solodukho, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9958-2631
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Gao S, Chen H, Lai K, Qian W. Predicting Regional Variations in Nationalism With Online Expression of Disgust in China. Front Psychol 2021; 12:564386. [PMID: 34122204 PMCID: PMC8195236 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.564386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Disgust is one of the basic emotions and is part of the behavioral immune system, which evolutionarily protects humans from toxic substances as well as from contamination threats by outgroup members. Previous works reveal that disgust not only activates humans’ defense against potential individual and collective threats, but also leads to severe moral judgments, negative intergroup attitudes, and even conservative political orientations. As is already known, nationalism is an ideology that features both negative feelings toward outgroups and beliefs about native superiority or privileges. Evidence from previous studies suggests that disgust is related to nationalism’s several components but lacks direct research on nationalism and disgust. The current study examines the relationship between disgust and nationalism in China at both individual and regional levels. In study 1, participants temporally induced disgust (vs. control) increasing the adoption of nationalism. In Study 2, we analyzed covariation in disgust expression in the Chinese micro-blog Weibo and the nationalism index as part of an online large-scale political survey http://zuobiao.me/ at the province level across Mainland China. The results show that online expression of disgust positively predicts nationalistic orientation at the regional level. Finally, we discuss how the findings shed light on research concerning online emotion expression and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Gao
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Social Psychology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Research Centre for Greater Bay Area Social Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaisheng Lai
- College of Journalism and Communication, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weining Qian
- School of Data Science and Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Cross-Cultural Values: A Meta-Analysis of Major Quantitative Studies in the Last Decade (2010–2020). RELIGIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rel11080396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Since 2010, scholars have made major contributions to cross-cultural research, especially regarding similarities and differences across world regions and countries in people’s values, beliefs, and morality. This paper accumulates and analyzes extant multi-national and quantitative studies of these facets of global culture. The paper begins with a summary of the modern history of cross-cultural research, then systematically reviews major empirical studies published since 2010, and next analyzes extant approaches to interpret how the constructs of belief, morality, and values have been theorized and operationalized. The analysis reveals that the field of cross-cultural studies remains dominated by Western approaches, especially studies developed and deployed from the United States and Western Europe. While numerous surveys have been translated and employed for data collection in countries beyond the U.S. and Western Europe, several countries remain under-studied, and the field lacks approaches that were developed within the countries of interest. The paper concludes by outlining future directions for the study of cross-cultural research. To progress from the colonialist past embedded within cross-cultural research, in which scholars from the U.S. and Western Europe export research tools to other world regions, the field needs to expand to include studies locally developed and deployed within more countries and world regions.
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Sundararajan L. Strong-Ties and Weak-Ties Rationalities: Toward an Expanded Network Theory. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1089268020916438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article introduces the expanded network theory and demonstrates the heuristic value of its construct of strong-ties and weak-ties rationalities. This construct is derived from the network theory of Granovetter and corroborated with evolutionary biology and psychological studies on group processes. This construct has wide-ranging implications and applications for cultural and cross-cultural psychology. It informs our efforts toward cultural sensitivity in theory and research design and offers a new tool for cultural analysis. In particular, it can serve as a useful framework to investigate cultures in transition in the globalizing era. Insights into strong-ties and weak-ties rationalities may even contribute to shaping the future of the human society.
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Chen H, Lai K, He L, Yu R. Where You Are Is Who You Are? The Geographical Account of Psychological Phenomena. Front Psychol 2020; 11:536. [PMID: 32265814 PMCID: PMC7105879 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Geographical psychology aims to study the spatial distribution of psychological phenomenon at different levels of geographical analysis and their relations to macro-level important societal outcomes. The geographical perspective provides a new way of understanding interactions between humankind psychological processes and distal macro-environments. Studies have identified the spatial organizations of a wide range of psychological constructs, including (but not limited among) personality, individualism/collectivism, cultural tightness-looseness, and well-being; these variations have been plotted over a range of geographical units (e.g., neighborhoods, cities, states, and countries) and have been linked to a broad array of political, economic, social, public health, and other social consequences. Future research should employ multi-level analysis, taking advantage of more deliberated causality test methods and big data techniques, to further examine the emerging and evolving mechanisms of geographical differences in psychological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Social Psychology, Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaisheng Lai
- School of Journalism and Communication, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingnan He
- School of Communication and Design, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Shengtao Wu M. Costs and benefits of cultural value mismatch in the globalising era: A commentary on the special issue "cross-cultural value mismatch: A by-product of migration and population diversity around the world" (IJP, December, 2018). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 55 Suppl 1:116-120. [PMID: 31773741 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this commentary, the author first seeks to counterbalance the current focus on the cost of cultural value mismatch by calling attention to ample evidence in the literature that value mismatch can produce cultural adaptation and resilience in the long run, besides promoting cultural innovations and individual creativity. Second, we propose three factors that differentiate the benefits from the costs of cultural value mismatch. Personal orientation towards integrating heritage and host culture, accurate perception of cultural value differences, and supportive multicultural environments are associated with benefits. In contrast, dichotomous orientation towards one or the other culture, exaggeration of value differences between heritage and host culture, and assimilationist social environments are associated with costs. Third, our analysis of the decoupling between cultural values and ecological niches in the special issue led to observation of bidirectionality in cultural value mismatch: Whereas most articles in the Special Issue focus on the cross-cultural value mismatch that occurs when people move from a more rural, low-resource, less technological ecology into a more urban, high-resource, more technological ecology, we were able to document the effects of value mismatch when movement occurs in the opposite direction.
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Wu MS, Li B, Zhu L, Zhou C. Culture Change and Affectionate Communication in China and the United States: Evidence From Google Digitized Books 1960-2008. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1110. [PMID: 31191380 PMCID: PMC6540734 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are born with the ability and the need for affection, but communicating affection as a social behavior is historically bound. Based on the digitized books of Google Ngram Viewer from 1960 through 2008, the present research investigated affectionate communication (AC) in China and the United States, and its changing landscape along with social changes from collectivist to individualistic environments. In particular, we analyzed the frequency in terms of verbal affection (e.g., love you, like you), non-verbal affection (e.g., hug, kiss), and individualism (indicated by the use of first-person singular pronouns such as I, me, and myself) in Chinese and American books. The results revealed an increasing trend for AC in recent decades, although the frequency of affection words was lower in Chinese than in American books. Further, individualism was positively related to the frequency of affection words in both Chinese and American books. These results demonstrate the effect of cultural changes on AC, in that affection exchange becomes popular in adaptation to individualistic urban environments. These findings exemplify a cross-cultural difference in the expression of love and the cultural universality of social change in Eastern and Western societies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boyuan Li
- School of Journalism and Communication, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chan Zhou
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Greenfield PM. Cross-cultural value mismatch: A by-product of migration and population diversity around the world. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 53 Suppl 2:1-2. [PMID: 30588622 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Greenfield
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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