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Dickinson C, Sheffield J, Mak C, Boyd RN, Whittingham K. When a baby is diagnosed at high risk of cerebral palsy: understanding and meeting parent need. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:4016-4024. [PMID: 36373179 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2144491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the experiences and needs of parents with an infant diagnosed at risk of cerebral palsy (CP) and to receive feedback on a new online support program (Parenting Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; PACT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven parents from eight family dyads (8 mothers, 3 fathers) with infants under 24 months of age (age range 10-24 months) recently diagnosed as at risk of CP as well as fourteen clinicians participated in this qualitative study through interviews. RESULTS Parents reported conflicting emotions and grief. Further, they reported that they wanted honesty, support and normalisation of their experiences from clinicians. Parents pointed to a gap in service delivery in terms of non-pathologising psychological support specific to their needs. Clinicians reported a lack of skills in supporting distressed parents. Parent feedback on PACT was positive, with parents receptive to the online delivery. CONCLUSIONS Parents want acceptance without pathologisation, honesty, and flexible support. Clinicians working with children at risk of CP need training in grief awareness and support for their own coping. Health services should consider building better parental support into their systems of care.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONParents want clinicians to be honest, supportive and to normalise their griefClinicians in rehabilitation would benefit from up-skilling in grief supportParental support should be built into systems of care for children with cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrine Dickinson
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Child Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeanie Sheffield
- The School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine Mak
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Child Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Roslyn N Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Child Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Koa Whittingham
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Child Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
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Ginsberg KH, Serlachius A, Rogers J, Alsweiler J. Psychosocial Support Provided to Parents of Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: An International Survey. J Pediatr 2023; 259:113456. [PMID: 37172808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe current psychosocial support practices and programs for parents with infants in level II nurseries and level III neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) across Australia and New Zealand. STUDY DESIGN A staff member from each level II and level III hospital completed an online survey about the psychosocial support services available for parents in Australia and New Zealand. Mixed methods (descriptive and statistical analysis; descriptive content analysis) were used to describe current services and practices. RESULTS Of 66 eligible units, 44 participated in the survey (67%). Hospital-based pediatricians (32%) and clinical directors (32%) were the most common respondents. Level III NICUs reported providing significantly more services for parents than level II nurseries (median [IQR]: level III, 7 [5.25-8.75]; level II, 4.5 [3.25-5]; P < .001), with variability in the type and number of services available (range, 4-13). Less than half of units (43%) reported using standardized screening tools to assess parents for mental health distress, and just 4 units (9%) provided staff-led parent mental health support programs. In qualitative feedback, respondents frequently reported a lack of resources (staffing, funding, and training) to support parents. CONCLUSIONS Despite the well-documented distress that parents with infants in neonatal units experience and the evidence-based practices known to reduce this distress, this study identifies significant gaps in parent support services in level II and level III NICUs across Australia and New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Serlachius
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jen Rogers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane Alsweiler
- Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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De Gaetano K, Saviola D, Brunetti D, De Tanti A. The importance of assessing parent stress in families with children with severe neuromotor and intellectual disability - a pilot study. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. CHILD 2022; 11:804-810. [PMID: 34491869 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2021.1971525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Parent-related stress represents the level of dysfunction in the parent-child system related to the parents' functioning. The aim of this retrospective pilot study was to assess the degree of stress perceived by mothers and fathers, in the framework of a family-centred approach to rehabilitation.We considered 43 parents of 29 children with cerebral palsy, genetic disorders or brain injury admitted to a neurological rehabilitation center. Parenting stress was assessed with the Parenting Stress Index - Short Form (PSI-SF) self-report questionnaire and a semi-structured investigation of situational stress factors of the family. The cognitive and motor disability of the children were assessed with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5(DSM-5) and the Gross Motor Function Classification System-(GMFCS), respectively.The results showed that parental stress is directly correlated with the level of cognitive and behavioral disability and not with motor disability. No significant difference was found in the level of stress perceived by mothers and fathers. The effect of a worsening occupational situation seemed to influence the perception of stress more than a change in the formal relationship of the couple, but neither was statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia De Gaetano
- Cardinal Ferrari Centre, Santo Stefano Riabilitazione, KOS Group, Fontanellato, Parma, Italy
| | - Donatella Saviola
- Cardinal Ferrari Centre, Santo Stefano Riabilitazione, KOS Group, Fontanellato, Parma, Italy
| | - Domenica Brunetti
- Cardinal Ferrari Centre, Santo Stefano Riabilitazione, KOS Group, Fontanellato, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio De Tanti
- Cardinal Ferrari Centre, Santo Stefano Riabilitazione, KOS Group, Fontanellato, Parma, Italy
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Dickinson C, Vangaveti V, Browne A. Psychological impact of neonatal intensive care unit admissions on parents: A regional perspective. Aust J Rural Health 2022; 30:373-384. [PMID: 35112425 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to report the prevalence of adverse psychological symptoms and health behaviours of parents who had a baby admitted to a regional neonatal intensive care unit to spotlight mental health care in these unique settings. DESIGN This was a prospective, prevalence-based study using quantitative data. SETTING The study was conducted at the Townsville University Hospital, Queensland. PARTICIPANTS Participants comprised 114 parents of 79 infants enrolled in the study (mothers = 69 and fathers = 45). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Trauma, depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol and drug use, prior mental health history and bonding experience were assessed by standardised self-report questionnaires and a structured diagnostic interview within 2 weeks and at 3 months post-admission to neonatal intensive care unit. RESULTS Clinically significant acute trauma symptoms (16% of mothers only), depression (22% mothers; 4% of fathers), anxiety (27% mothers; 11% fathers) and stress (24% mothers; 13% fathers) were reported within the first 2 weeks after their baby was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Notably, 18% of parents reported engaging in harmful alcohol use behaviour within 2 weeks post-birth; 29% of fathers continued to report risky drinking at 3 months. At 3 months, 21%, 8% and 6% of mothers met diagnostic criteria for generalised anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, respectively. CONCLUSION Screening for psychological distress and alcohol use of parents of neonatal intensive care unit babies can ensure that support services are made available post-discharge to optimise family function and development of the preterm infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrine Dickinson
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Venkat Vangaveti
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Allyson Browne
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Grunberg VA, Vranceanu AM, Lerou PH. Caring for our caretakers: building resiliency in NICU parents and staff. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:3545-3548. [PMID: 35804198 PMCID: PMC9395886 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a high-acuity, stressful unit for both parents and staff. Up to 50% of mothers and partners experience emotional distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, or posttraumatic stress) during NICU hospitalization and 30-60% continue to experience distress after discharge. Similarly, up to 50% of NICU staff report burnout and emotional distress. Although healthcare providers have developed interdisciplinary guidelines to enhance psychosocial resources for parents and staff, standardized psychosocial services are lacking. The purpose of this short communication is to describe: (1) the need for psychosocial interventions for NICU parents and staff; (2) existent psychosocial programs and their gaps and limitations; and (3) future directions for psychosocial care in NICU settings. We reviewed the current literature and propose a new conceptual model to inform psychosocial interventions for the NICU. We argue that brief, evidence-based, resiliency, and relationship-based programs are needed to enhance parent and staff outcomes and, ultimately, child development and the NICU unit culture. CONCLUSION Given the lack of standardized psychosocial care, new interventions for NICU families and staff are needed more than ever. Resiliency, relationship-based interventions that leverage multidisciplinary support may be an innovative way to enhance NICU outcomes and care. WHAT IS KNOWN • 40-50% of parents in the NICU report elevated emotional distress and 30-50% of staff report burnout. • Psychosocial interventions for parents and staff are needed, yet lacking. WHAT IS NEW • Interventions that focus on resiliency and relationships may improve the culture of the NICU. • New multidisciplinary collaborations and approaches are needed to improve implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Grunberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MB USA ,Division of Newborn Medicine, MassGeneral for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ana-Maria Vranceanu
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MB USA
| | - Paul H. Lerou
- Division of Newborn Medicine, MassGeneral for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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Peyton C, Sukal Moulton T, Carroll AJ, Anderson E, Brozek A, Davis MM, Horowitz J, Jayaraman A, O'Brien M, Patrick C, Pouppirt N, Villamar J, Xu S, Lieber RL, Wakschlag LS, Krogh-Jespersen S. Starting at Birth: An Integrative, State-of-the-Science Framework for Optimizing Infant Neuromotor Health. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:787196. [PMID: 35141178 PMCID: PMC8820372 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.787196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous conditions and circumstances place infants at risk for poor neuromotor health, yet many are unable to receive treatment until a definitive diagnosis is made, sometimes several years later. In this integrative perspective, we describe an extensive team science effort to develop a transdiagnostic approach to neuromotor health interventions designed to leverage the heightened neuroplasticity of the first year of life. We undertook the following processes: (1) conducted a review of the literature to extract common principles and strategies underlying effective neuromotor health interventions; (2) hosted a series of expert scientific exchange panels to discuss common principles, as well as practical considerations and/or lessons learned from application in the field; and (3) gathered feedback and input from diverse stakeholders including infant caregivers and healthcare providers. The resultant framework was a pragmatic, evidence-based, transdiagnostic approach to optimize neuromotor health for high-risk infants based on four principles: (a) active learning, (b) environmental enrichment, (c) caregiver engagement, and (d) strength-based approaches. In this perspective paper, we delineate these principles and their potential applications. Innovations include: engagement of multiple caregivers as critical drivers of the intervention; promoting neuromotor health in the vulnerability phase, rather than waiting to treat neuromotor disease; integrating best practices from adjacent fields; and employing a strengths-based approach. This framework holds promise for implementation as it is scalable, pragmatic, and holistically addresses both the needs of the infant and their family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Peyton
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Theresa Sukal Moulton
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Allison J Carroll
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Erica Anderson
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alexandra Brozek
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Matthew M Davis
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jessica Horowitz
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | | | - Cheryl Patrick
- Division of Rehabilitative Services, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nicole Pouppirt
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Juan Villamar
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Richard L Lieber
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sheila Krogh-Jespersen
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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Whittingham K, Sheffield J, Mak C, Dickinson C, Boyd RN. Early Parenting Acceptance and Commitment Therapy 'Early PACT' for parents of infants with cerebral palsy: a study protocol of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037033. [PMID: 33039994 PMCID: PMC7552872 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION New international clinical practice guidelines exist for identifying infants at high risk of cerebral palsy (CP) earlier: between 12 to 24 weeks corrected age, significantly earlier than previous diagnosis windows in Australia at 19 months. The earlier detection of infants at high risk of CP creates an opportunity for earlier intervention. The quality of the parent-infant relationship impacts various child outcomes, and is leveraged in other forms of intervention. This paper presents the protocol of a randomised controlled trial of an online parent support programme, Early Parenting Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (Early PACT) for families of infants identified as at high risk of CP. We predict that participating in the Early PACT programme will be associated with improvements in the parent-infant relationship, in parent mental health and well-being as well as infant behaviour and quality of life. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study aims to recruit 60 parents of infants (0 to 2 years old corrected age) diagnosed with CP or identified as at high risk of having CP. Participants will be randomly allocated to one of two groups: Early PACT or waitlist control (1:1). Early PACT is an online parent support programme grounded in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). It is delivered as a course on an open source course management system called edX. Early PACT is designed to support parental adjustment and parent-infant relationship around the time of early diagnosis. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, following completion of Early PACT and at 6-month follow-up (retention). The primary outcome will be the quality of parent-child interactions as measured by the Emotional Availability Scale. Standard analysis methods for randomised controlled trial will be used to make comparisons between the two groups (Early PACT and waitlist control). Retention of effects will be examined at 6-month follow-up. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study is approved through appropriate Australian and New Zealand ethics committees (see in text) with parents providing written informed consent. Findings from this trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION DETAILS This trial has been prospectively registered on 12 June 2018 to present (ongoing) with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618000986279); https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=3 74 896.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koa Whittingham
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, UQ Child Health Research Centre (CHRC), Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeanie Sheffield
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine Mak
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, UQ Child Health Research Centre (CHRC), Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Corrine Dickinson
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, UQ Child Health Research Centre (CHRC), Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roslyn N Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, UQ Child Health Research Centre (CHRC), Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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