On the similarity measures of N-cubic Pythagorean fuzzy sets using the overlapping ratio

The similarity measures are essential concepts to discuss the closeness between sets. Fuzzy similarity measures and intuitionistic fuzzy similarity measures dealt with the incomplete and inconsistent data more efficiently. With time in decision-making theory, a complex frame of the environment that occurs cannot be specified entirely by these sets. A generalization like the Pythagorean fuzzy set can handle such a situation more efficiently. The applicability of this set attracted the researchers to generalize it into N-Pythagorean, interval-valued N-Pythagorean, and N-cubic Pythagorean sets. For this purpose, first, we define the overlapping ratios of N-interval valued Pythagorean and N-Pythagorean fuzzy sets. In addition, we define similarity measures in these sets. We applied this proposed measure for comparison analysis of plagiarism software.

Double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic information based framework for personalized ranking of sustainable suppliers

With the growing appetite for reducing carbon footprint, organizations are tirelessly working towards green practices and one such crucial practice is purchasing raw materials from sustainable suppliers (SSs). Inspired by the drift in purchase habits, several sustainable suppliers emerged in the market and a rational selection of a suitable sustainable supplier is a complex decision problem. There are many criteria associated with the evaluation of sustainable suppliers, and double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic (DHHFL) structure is a popular preference style that accepts complex linguistic expressions in the natural language form. Earlier studies on sustainable supplier selection infer that (i) complex linguistic expressions are not properly modeled, (ii) interrelationship among criteria must be considered during importance assessment, (iii) direct assignment of attitudinal values of experts causes bias and subjectivity, and (iv) nature of criteria play a crucial role in ranking SSs. To overcome these limitations, a novel MCMD framework is proposed in this study in which the attitudinal characteristic values of experts are calculated by using a variance approach. Besides, importance of diverse sustainable criteria is calculated by proposing novel attitude-CRITIC approach that supports proper capturing of interrelationship among criteria along with experts' attitude values. Later, weighted distance approximation algorithm is presented to DHHFL setting for personalized and cumulative ranking of SSs by properly considering nature of criteria. These methods are integrated to form a framework under DHHFL setting, and its usefulness is exemplified by using a case study of SS selection in an automotive firm. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis as well performed to test the validity of the proposed model approves the applicability, validity, and robustness of the model. Lastly, comparison is done with other methods to understand the merits and shortcomings of the proposal.

An Optimization Model for Appraising Intrusion-Detection Systems for Network Security Communications: Applications, Challenges, and Solutions

Cyber-attacks are getting increasingly complex, and as a result, the functional concerns of intrusion-detection systems (IDSs) are becoming increasingly difficult to resolve. The credibility of security services, such as privacy preservation, authenticity, and accessibility, may be jeopardized if breaches are not detected. Different organizations currently utilize a variety of tactics, strategies, and technology to protect the systems’ credibility in order to combat these dangers. Safeguarding approaches include establishing rules and procedures, developing user awareness, deploying firewall and verification systems, regulating system access, and forming computer-issue management groups. The effectiveness of intrusion-detection systems is not sufficiently recognized. IDS is used in businesses to examine possibly harmful tendencies occurring in technological environments. Determining an effective IDS is a complex task for organizations that require consideration of many key criteria and their sub-aspects. To deal with these multiple and interrelated criteria and their sub-aspects, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCMD) approach was applied. These criteria and their sub-aspects can also include some ambiguity and uncertainty, and thus they were treated using q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q-ROFS) and q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers (q-ROFNs). Additionally, the problem of combining expert and specialist opinions was dealt with using the q-rung orthopair fuzzy weighted geometric (q-ROFWG). Initially, the entropy method was applied to assess the priorities of the key criteria and their sub-aspects. Then, the combined compromised solution (CoCoSo) method was applied to evaluate six IDSs according to their effectiveness and reliability. Afterward, comparative and sensitivity analyses were performed to confirm the stability, reliability, and performance of the proposed approach. The findings indicate that most of the IDSs appear to be systems with high potential. According to the results, Suricata is the best IDS that relies on multi-threading performance.