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Zhao QF, Yu JT, Tan MS, Tan L. ABCA7 in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1008-16. [PMID: 24878767 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette A7 (ABCA7) gene has recently been identified as a strong genetic locus associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) through genome-wide association studies (GWASs). ABCA7 is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene superfamily, which codes for 49 ABC proteins, divided into 7 subfamilies (coded A-G). As a multispan transmembrane protein, ABCA7 is most abundantly expressed in the microglial cells in the brain. The levels of ABCA7 have been detected to be increased in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, which positively correlated with amyloid plaque burden and disease severity. Emerging data suggests that ABCA7 could be associated with AD via various pathways, possibly including amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, lipid metabolism, and phagocytosis. In this review, we summarize the known functions of ABCA7 and discuss the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to LOAD, as well as their potential physiological effects. Finally, given the contributions of ABCA7 to AD pathogenesis, targeting ABCA7 might provide novel opportunities for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Fei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Vinayagamoorthy N, Hu HJ, Yim SH, Jung SH, Jo J, Jee SH, Chung YJ. New variants including ARG1 polymorphisms associated with C-reactive protein levels identified by genome-wide association and pathway analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95866. [PMID: 24763700 PMCID: PMC3999194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a general marker of systemic inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The genetic contribution to differences in CRP levels remains to be explained, especially in non-European populations. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify genetic loci associated with CRP levels in Korean population. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using SNPs from 8,529 Korean individuals (7,626 for stage 1 and 903 for stage 2). We also performed pathway analysis. We identified a new genetic locus associated with CRP levels upstream of ARG1 gene (top significant SNP: rs9375813, Pmeta = 2.85×10(-8)), which encodes a key enzyme of the urea cycle counteract the effects of nitric oxide, in addition to known CRP (rs7553007, Pmeta = 1.72×10(-16)) and HNF1A loci (rs2259816, Pmeta = 2.90×10(-10)). When we evaluated the associations between the CRP-related SNPs with cardiovascular disease phenotypes, rs9375813 (ARG1) showed a marginal association with hypertension (P = 0.0440). To identify more variants and pathways, we performed pathway analysis and identified six candidate pathways comprised of genes related to inflammatory processes and CVDs (CRP, HNF1A, PCSK6, CD36, and ABCA1). In addition to the previously reported loci (CRP, HNF1A, and IL6) in diverse ethnic groups, we identified novel variants in the ARG1 locus associated with CRP levels in Korean population and a number of interesting genes related to inflammatory processes and CVD through pathway analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadimuthu Vinayagamoorthy
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Hu
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Yim
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medical Education, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeseong Jo
- Institute of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Institute of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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